CN101068645A - 切削工具及其切削镶刃 - Google Patents

切削工具及其切削镶刃 Download PDF

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CN101068645A
CN101068645A CNA2005800415371A CN200580041537A CN101068645A CN 101068645 A CN101068645 A CN 101068645A CN A2005800415371 A CNA2005800415371 A CN A2005800415371A CN 200580041537 A CN200580041537 A CN 200580041537A CN 101068645 A CN101068645 A CN 101068645A
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edge
cutting insert
edge sword
sword
depression
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G·赫克特
E·勒瓦农
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Iscar Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/22—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/2204—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts with cutting inserts clamped against the walls of the recess in the cutter body by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/04—Cutting-off tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/04—Cutting-off tools
    • B23B27/045—Cutting-off tools with chip-breaking arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B23B27/1614—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped against the walls of the recess in the shank by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B23B27/1614—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped against the walls of the recess in the shank by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert
    • B23B27/1622—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped against the walls of the recess in the shank by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert characterised by having a special shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/08—Disc-type cutters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/36—Other features of cutting inserts not covered by B23B2200/04 - B23B2200/32
    • B23B2200/369—Mounted tangentially, i.e. where the rake face is not the face with the largest area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2200/00—Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/04—Overall shape
    • B23C2200/0416—Irregular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2200/00—Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/12—Side or flank surfaces
    • B23C2200/123—Side or flank surfaces curved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2200/00—Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/12—Side or flank surfaces
    • B23C2200/128—Side or flank surfaces with one or more grooves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2200/00—Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/16—Supporting or bottom surfaces
    • B23C2200/162—Supporting or bottom surfaces curved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2200/00—Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/16—Supporting or bottom surfaces
    • B23C2200/165—Supporting or bottom surfaces with one or more grooves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2210/00—Details of milling cutters
    • B23C2210/16—Fixation of inserts or cutting bits in the tool
    • B23C2210/168—Seats for cutting inserts, supports for replacable cutting bits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19—Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1906—Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/1934—Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y10T407/1936—Apertured tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/23—Cutters, for shaping including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/24—Cutters, for shaping with chip breaker, guide or deflector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/24—Cutters, for shaping with chip breaker, guide or deflector
    • Y10T407/245—Cutters, for shaping with chip breaker, guide or deflector comprising concave surface in cutting face of tool

Abstract

一种通过固持螺钉(18)将切削镶刃(14)固持在其内的切削工具(10)。该切削镶刃包括为通常的v形的后表面(32)和下表面(28)。

Description

切削工具及其切削镶刃
发明领域
本发明涉及其中通过固持螺钉将切削镶刃固持在切削工具的镶刃凹穴内的类型的切削工具。
发明背景
在用于开槽、车削或切断的切削工具中以及在用于旋转式割缝加工的切削工具中，切削镶刃常常固持在两个通常为相对的钳夹之间的镶刃凹穴内。在这些工具中，在切削操作期间从切削镶刃的切削刃沿着其倾斜表面流动的碎片可能接合邻近倾斜表面的钳夹并且使其遭受大量的磨损。这种不利的影响迟早会降低钳夹将切削镶刃固持在镶刃凹穴内的性能。
一个有效地克服这种不利影响的解决办法公开在美国专利No.5947648中。工具夹具包括具有上钳夹和底钳夹的夹具托板，其中上钳夹配备有可替换的硬质材料保护性镶刃用于保护其不受磨损。然而，这引入了工具的额外的费用。
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有固持机构的切削工具，其中基本上减少或克服了上述的缺点。
发明概述
根据本发明，提供了一种切削镶刃，其包括：
上表面、下表面和在其间的外围表面，外围表面包括相对的前表面和后表面以及在前表面和后表面之间延伸的相对的侧表面；
在前表面和后表面之间延伸的通孔；
上表面包括倾斜表面，前表面包括前离隙面并且倾斜表面和前离隙面的交接处形成前切削刃；
下表面和后表面分别在第一截面和第二截面为通常的v形。
优选地，第一截面通常垂直于侧表面和上表面，而第二截面通常垂直于侧表面和前表面。
更优选地，下表面包括一对相对于彼此以镶刃下角延伸的镶刃下面；并且后表面包括一对相对于彼此以镶刃后角延伸的镶刃后面。
如果需要，镶刃下角和镶刃后角为外部的非锐角。
任选地，镶刃下角和镶刃后角为内部的非锐角。
根据本发明，还提供一种包括镶刃夹具的切削工具，其中根据本发明的切削镶刃固持在镶刃凹穴内，镶刃凹穴包括后邻接表面和下邻接表面，在后邻接表面内形成有螺纹孔，
切削镶刃固持在镶刃凹穴内，镶刃凹穴的后邻接表面至少部分地邻接切削镶刃的后表面，镶刃凹穴的下邻接表面至少部分地邻接切削镶刃的下表面，而且固持螺钉穿过切削镶刃的通孔并且螺接式容纳在镶刃凹穴的螺纹孔内。
图式简要说明
为了更好地理解本发明并且显示其可以如何在实践中实施，参照了附图，其中：
图1是根据本发明的第一切削工具的透视图；
图2是根据本发明的第二切削工具的部分的透视图；
图3是显示了固持在镶刃凹穴中的切削镶刃的第一和第二切削工具的切削部分的透视图；
图4是图3中所示的切削部分的视图，其中切削镶刃从镶刃凹穴中移开了；
图5是切削镶刃的透视性后视图；
图6A是沿着图3中的平面VI-VI的部分的第一截面图，其显示了镶刃的下表面具有为通常的凹入的v形截面，镶刃为了清楚起见而与镶刃夹具稍微分开；
图6B类似于图6A，只是镶刃的下表面具有为通常的凸起的v形截面；
图7A是图3中的平面VII-VII的部分的第二截面图，其显示了镶刃的后表面具有为通常的凹入的v形截面，镶刃为了清楚起见而与镶刃夹具稍微分开；以及
图7B类似于图7A，只是镶刃的后表面具有为通常的凸起的v形截面。
优选实施例的详细说明
首先参照显示了根据本发明的两个切削工具的图1和图2。图1显示了用于例如开槽、侧部车削和切断的金属切削操作的第一切削工具10。第一切削工具10包括以矩形托板形式的镶刃夹具12以及通过固持螺钉18固持在镶刃凹穴16内的切削镶刃14。切削镶刃14典型地通过成型压制(form-pressing)和烧结碳化物粉末进行制造。图2显示了用于旋转式开槽的金属切削操作的第二切削工具20。第二切削工具20包括以圆盘形式的镶刃夹具22以及通过固持螺钉18固持在同样的镶刃凹穴16内并且设置在圆盘外围周围的切削镶刃14。切削工具10、20包括切削部分24，切削部分24包括切削镶刃14，镶刃凹穴16和邻近镶刃凹穴16的镶刃夹具12、22的紧接的附近处。应该注意的是，贯穿说明书和权利要求书所出现的方向性术语，例如″前方″、″后″、″上″、″下″等，用作方便相对于彼此地区别各种表面的位置的术语。这些术语参考图3和图4进行限定，然而，他们仅是用于说明性的用途，而不是用以限制附属的权利要求的范围。
参照图3至图5。切削镶刃14包括上表面26、下表面28和在其间的外围表面。外围表面包括相对的前表面和后表面30、32以及在前表面和后表面30，32之间延伸的相对的侧表面34。通孔36在前表面和后表面30、32之间延伸。从工件上切下的碎片所流过的倾斜表面38设置在上表面26上，前离隙面40设置在前表面30上而侧离隙面42设置在每个侧表面34上。前切削刃44形成在倾斜表面38与前离隙面40的交接处而侧部切削刃46形成在倾斜表面38与每个侧离隙面42的交接处。切削镶刃14具有上表面和下表面26、28之间进行测量的第一尺寸D1，其大于在前表面和后表面30，32之间进行测量的第二尺寸D2。
镶刃凹穴16具有在其上端50和下端52之间延伸的后邻接表面48。后邻接表面48在其下端52通过凹穴部54连接于下邻接表面56。上夹具表面58从后邻接表面48的上端50向后延伸。后邻接表面48由后凹部60分成沿着其上部分的在下邻接表面56远侧的第一邻接表面62和沿着其下部分的在下邻接表面56近侧的第二邻接表面64。螺纹孔66形成在后凹部60内并且向后和向下地延伸到镶刃夹具12、22内。
具有为通常的v形凹入的(或凸起的)截面的切削镶刃14的下表面和后表面28、32提供了切削镶刃14相对于镶刃夹具12、22的横向稳定性，下表面和后表面28、32配合对应的镶刃凹穴16的为通常的v形凸起的(或凹入的)截面的下邻接表面和后邻接表面56、48。
图1至图5并且特别是图6A和7A显示了具有凹入的下表面和后表面28、32的切削镶刃14和具有配合的凸起的下邻接表面和后邻接表面56、48的镶刃凹穴16。
切削镶刃14的下表面28包括一对镶刃下面68，其彼此以外部的非锐角的镶刃下角αL从前表面30向后延伸(图6A)。镶刃凹穴16的下邻接表面56包括一对下夹具面70，其彼此以内部的下夹具角βL从凹穴部54向前延伸(图6A)。内部的下夹具角βL等于或稍微小于外部的镶刃下角αL。
切削镶刃14的后表面32包括一对镶刃后面72，其彼此以外部的非锐角的镶刃后角αR从上表面26向下延伸(图7A)。镶刃凹穴16的后邻接表面48包括一对后夹具面74，其彼此以内部的后夹具角βR从凹穴部54沿着第二邻接表面和第一邻接表面64、62向上延伸(图7A)。内部的后夹具角βR等于或稍微小于外部的镶刃后角αR。
图6B和7B显示了具有凸起的下表面和后表面28、32的切削镶刃14和具有配合的凹入的下邻接表面和后邻接表面56、48的镶刃凹穴16的替代方案。在此替代方案中，镶刃下角αL′为内部的非锐角的角(图6B)，而下夹具角βL′为等于或稍微大于内部的镶刃下角αL′的外部的非锐角的角。另外，镶刃后角αR′为内部的非锐角的角(图7B)，而后夹具角βR′为等于或稍微大于内部的镶刃后角αR′的外部的非锐角的角。
优选地，镶刃下角和镶刃后角αL、αR、αL′、αR′和下夹具角和后夹具角βL、PR、βL′、βR′的上限为150°。
对于其中切削镶刃14的下表面28或镶刃凹穴16的下邻接表面56为凸起的那些情况，下平面76设置在每对下镶刃面或下夹具面68、70之间。类似地，对于其中切削镶刃14的后表面32或镶刃凹穴16的后邻接表面48为凸起的那些情况，后平面78设置在每对后镶刃面或后夹具面72、74之间。这是为了确保，尤其是，当切削镶刃14安装在镶刃凹穴16内时，每个镶刃后面72都会邻接相应的后夹具面74，而每个镶刃下面68都会邻接相应的下夹具面70。
应注意的是，当切削镶刃14安装在镶刃凹穴16内时，切削镶刃14的上表面26和邻近镶刃凹穴16的上夹具表面58通常是共面的。因此，在切削操作期间，从前切削刃44向后流动的碎片不会接合邻近镶刃凹穴16的镶刃夹具12、22的任何部分并且因此不会影响切削镶刃14在镶刃凹穴16内的固持性。
尽管已以某种程度的特性对本发明进行了介绍，应该理解的是，可以不背离如以下所要求的本发明的范围地进行各种变更和更改。

Claims (6)

1一种切削镶刃(14)，包括：
上表面(26)、下表面(28)和在其间的外围表面，所述外围表面包括相对的前表面和后表面(30、32)以及在所述前表面和后表面(30、32)之间延伸的相对的侧表面(34)；
在所述前表面和后表面(30、32)之间延伸的通孔(36)；
所述上表面(26)包括倾斜表面(38)，所述前表面(30)包括前离隙面(40)并且所述倾斜表面(38)和所述前离隙面(40)的交接处形成前切削刃(44)；
所述下表面和后表面(28、32)分别在第一截面和第二截面为通常的v形。
2.根据权利要求1所述的切削镶刃(14)，其特征在于，所述第一截面通常垂直于所述侧表面(34)和上表面(26)，而所述第二截面通常垂直于所述侧表面(34)和前表面(30)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的切削镶刃(14)，其特征在于，所述下表面(28)包括一对相对于彼此以镶刃下角(αL、αL′)延伸的镶刃下面(68)；而所述后表面(3 2)包括一对相对于彼此以镶刃后角(αR、αR′)延伸的镶刃后面(72)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的切削镶刃(14)，其特征在于，所述镶刃下角和后角为外部的非锐角(αL、αR)。
5.根据权利要求3所述的切削镶刃(14)，其特征在于，所述镶刃下角和后角为内部的非锐角(αL′、αR′)。
6.一种切削工具(10、20)，包括镶刃夹具(12、22)，其中根据根据权利要求1所述的切削镶刃(14)固持在镶刃凹穴(16)内，所述镶刃凹穴(16)包括后邻接表面(48)和下邻接表面(56)，在所述后邻接表面(48)内形成有螺纹孔(66)，
所述切削镶刃(14)固持在所述镶刃凹穴(16)内，所述镶刃凹穴(16)的所述后邻接表面(48)至少部分地邻接所述切削镶刃(14)的所述后表面(32)，所述镶刃凹穴(16)的所述下邻接表面(56)至少部分地邻接所述切削镶刃(14)的所述下表面(28)，而且固持螺钉(18)穿过所述切削镶刃(14)的通孔(36)并且螺接式容纳在所述镶刃凹穴(16)的所述螺纹孔(66)内。
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