CN101065629A - 用于压缩天然气流的方法 - Google Patents

用于压缩天然气流的方法 Download PDF

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CN101065629A
CN101065629A CNA200580032094XA CN200580032094A CN101065629A CN 101065629 A CN101065629 A CN 101065629A CN A200580032094X A CNA200580032094X A CN A200580032094XA CN 200580032094 A CN200580032094 A CN 200580032094A CN 101065629 A CN101065629 A CN 101065629A
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natural gas
gas flow
liquefaction
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compression
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R·阿德勒
H·迈尔
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Linde GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being (a mixture of) hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F25J2240/12—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream the fluid being nitrogen

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于压缩天然气流的方法。根据本发明，将要压缩的天然气流(1)液化并接着借助至少一个低温泵(C)将其压缩。在此，要压缩的天然气流(1)的液化优选通过使用来自深冷过程的能量进行，尤其是通过与至少一种要加温的介质(7，9，…)、最好与一种低温介质的热交换(X，Y，Z)来进行。

Description

用于压缩天然气流的方法
本发明涉及一种用于压缩天然气流的方法。
用于压缩天然气流的方法尤其是在天然气压缩机站中、例如天然气加气站中所需的天然气压缩机站中实现。在属于现有技术的方法中借助两级至五级活塞压缩机将天然气压缩到250至450bar之间的压力。在此，活塞压缩机或者直接通过电动机驱动，或者通过带有电动机的液压泵驱动。
压缩天然气时所产生的热量必须通过油冷却器、空气冷却器和/或水冷却器排出。较大压缩设备的电连接功率对于250m3/h的压缩机功率例如为70KW，对于4000m3/h的压缩机功率为为800KW。这样的功率准备通常需要异常高的费用。此外，上述活塞压缩机存在的缺点是：它一方面具有较高的声平-75dBa甚至更高，另一方面要求频繁的维护工作。
本发明的任务在于，给出一种所述类型的用于压缩天然气流的方法，它仅需小得多的电连接功率。
此外，所使用的技术应当尽可能免维护且简单，以便实现长的使用寿命和低的投资成本。此外还应能够低于前面提到的高的声平值。
为了解决上述任务，提出一种用于压缩天然气流的方法，其特点在于，首先将要压缩的天然气流液化，接着借助至少一个低温泵压缩。
对于“低温泵”的概念应理解为能够压缩低温介质的活塞泵或压力转换器。此类活塞泵或压力转换器要求特殊的结构设计以便能够吸入并压缩低温介质，例如特殊的压力阀和抽吸阀和/或为了达到足够大的NPSH值的特殊结构。这些措施是必要的，以便能够吸入并压缩足够液化的介质。
与已知方法的不同之处，现在不是对气态天然气流进行压缩，而是在利用至少一个低温泵的情况下对预先液化的天然气流进行压缩。
在此，有利地通过使用来自深冷过程的能量对要压缩的天然气流进行液化。
对于“深冷过程”的概念在下面应理解为所有这样个过程：在这些过程中以冷能的形式产生能量。例如可列举氮气液化过程、氧气液化过程和氩气液化过程。
为了进一步构造根据本发明的用于压缩天然气流的方法，建议，要压缩的天然气流的液化通过与至少一种要加温的介质、优选与一种要加温的低温介质的热交换进行。
根据本发明的用于压缩天然气流的方法与传统方法相比需要小得多的电连接功率，因为所需要的能量通过深冷过程或要加温的(低温)介质来提供。
由于借助一个或多个低温泵对液化后的天然气进行压缩，因此几乎不产生压缩热。
低温泵的声平值小于70dBa，因此不需要采取任何不常见的因而费事的措施来隔音。
尽管对低温泵也必须定期进行维护，但维护成本比在前面提到的活塞压缩机中低。此外低温泵能够比活塞压缩机达到更长的使用寿命。
下面借助附图中所示实施例详细解释本发明方法及其进一步改进，这些进一步改进是从属权利要求的对象。
通过管道1将要压缩的天然气流输送给本发明方法。该天然气流例如可从相应的天然气管网中获得。此类管网中通常存在处于25mbar至60bar压力下的天然气。
在第一热交换器X中，该天然气流借助通过管道9输送给热交换器X的氮气流预冷或冷却到约-15℃的温度。
用于冷却天然气的氮气流来自用于储存深冷的液态氮的液氮储存容器S：以这种方式储存的氮具有约-150℃的温度。由该储存容器可以通过管道7获取液氮并通过管道12获取气态氮。
在第一热交换器X中预冷的天然气流通过管道2输送给第二热交换器Y，在该第二热交换器中借助通过管道5输送给第二热交换器Y、具有约-150℃温度的压缩的天然气流冷却并部分液化。通过管道6从第二压缩机Y获取的压缩的天然气流具有约-20℃的温度。
如上所述，通过管道3从第二热交换器Y获取的天然气流已经绝大部分以液态形式存在并且在节流装置V中经受等焓膨胀。接着在第三热交换器Z中借助通过管道7输送给第三热交换器Z的液氮流进行该天然气流的完全液化并且必要时进行过冷。
此时完全液化的天然气流接着通过管道4输送给低温泵C。在该低温泵中压缩到所希望的压力，该压力的值最好在16至1000bar之间。此类低温泵在大多数情况下两级构造，具有一个用于提高NPSH值的前置活塞以及一个用于真正的压缩的高压活塞。
目前在压缩天然气时实现的罐压力为250bar，而在压缩氢气时已经达到1000bar的压力。可以认为，在未来几年压力上限还会继续上移。
如已经提到过的那样，接着将压缩的天然气流通过管道5输送给热交换器Y并在其中加温到约-20℃的温度。通过管道6获取的压缩的天然气流必要时可在一个附图中未示出的空气热交换器中加温到近似环境温度，只要需要或者希望这样。
借助市场上常见的、附图中未示出的输出装置或加气装置将压缩的天然气流输出到天然气驱动的汽车上。为天然气流的冷却和液化所需的氮流在管道11和13中汇集并输送给膨胀透平T。在膨胀透平T中释放的能量被用于驱动低温泵C；通过膨胀透平T与低温泵C之间虚划的线示出。
在膨胀透平T中卸压到0至16bar之间压力的氮流接着通过管道14从该过程排出，必要时输送给另一用途，例如作为压力介质用于气动用途(例如气动阀)。
通常借助适当的罐式车对储存容器S充注低温氮。替换地或者附加地也存在这样的可能性：在现场在所谓现场设备(on-site-Anlagen)中借助吸附方法、渗透方法和/或者深冷方法产生氮。
本发明方法尤其适合用在电能的供给和/或安全性存在问题的地方。由于不产生高的压缩热，即使在外界温度非常高的地方或者国家使用也不会发生过热问题。

Claims (6)

1.用于压缩天然气流的方法，其特征在于：将要压缩的天然气流(1)液化并接着借助至少一个低温泵(C)将其压缩。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：通过使用来自深冷过程的能量来进行要压缩的天然气流(1)的液化。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于：通过与至少一种要加温的介质(7，9，…)、最好与一种低温介质的热交换(X，Y，Z)来进行要压缩的天然气流的液化。
4.根据上述权利要求1至3之一所述的方法，其特征在于：将液化的天然气流(4)压缩到16至1000bar之间的压力(C)。
5.根据上述权利要求1至4之一所述的方法，其特征在于：使借助要液化的天然气流(1)加温的介质(7，9，…)卸压并且将在卸压时获得的能量用于驱动所述低温泵或至少一个低温泵(C)。
6.根据上述权利要求1至5之一所述的方法，其特征在于：液化的天然气流(4)的压缩(C)单级或多级地、最好两级地进行。
CNA200580032094XA 2004-09-24 2005-09-09 用于压缩天然气流的方法 Pending CN101065629A (zh)

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DE102004046341A DE102004046341A1 (de) 2004-09-24 2004-09-24 Verfahren zum Verdichten eines Erdgasstromes
DE102004046341.7 2004-09-24

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EP (1) EP1794521A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2008514740A (zh)
KR (1) KR20070054646A (zh)
CN (1) CN101065629A (zh)
AU (1) AU2005289171A1 (zh)
CA (1) CA2581281A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE102004046341A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2006034776A1 (zh)
ZA (1) ZA200702360B (zh)

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CA2581281A1 (en) 2006-04-06
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AU2005289171A1 (en) 2006-04-06
US20090199590A1 (en) 2009-08-13
KR20070054646A (ko) 2007-05-29
DE102004046341A1 (de) 2006-03-30
WO2006034776A1 (de) 2006-04-06
ZA200702360B (en) 2008-07-30

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