CN116928578A - 一种低温储氢系统 - Google Patents

一种低温储氢系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116928578A
CN116928578A CN202310909822.0A CN202310909822A CN116928578A CN 116928578 A CN116928578 A CN 116928578A CN 202310909822 A CN202310909822 A CN 202310909822A CN 116928578 A CN116928578 A CN 116928578A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
channel
stage
hydrogen
outlet
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN202310909822.0A
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English (en)
Inventor
刘周斌
田梁玉
陈铁义
谢知寒
方芹
王澍
魏文力
徐丹露
缪宁杰
张志亮
杨焘
沈俊
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Innovation And Entrepreneurship Center Of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co ltd
Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
Original Assignee
Innovation And Entrepreneurship Center Of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co ltd
Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Publication date
Application filed by Innovation And Entrepreneurship Center Of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co ltd, Beijing Institute of Technology BIT filed Critical Innovation And Entrepreneurship Center Of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co ltd
Priority to CN202310909822.0A priority Critical patent/CN116928578A/zh
Publication of CN116928578A publication Critical patent/CN116928578A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F25J1/001—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
    • F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D3/00—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
    • F17D3/01—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for controlling, signalling, or supervising the conveyance of a product
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    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/31—Expansion valves
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    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/06—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using expanders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0092—Mixtures of hydrocarbons comprising possibly also minor amounts of nitrogen
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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Abstract

本发明涉及低温制冷技术领域，公开了一种低温储氢系统，包括主冷模块、预冷模块、多级压缩模块以及低温高压氢气罐，主冷模块中形成主冷回路使混合制冷机工质在其中循环流通，预冷模块对主冷模块中的混合制冷剂工质换热降温，原料氢气经多级压缩模块压缩成高温高压的氢气进入主冷模块与混合制冷剂工质多级换热从而降温成低温高压的氢气最终进入低温高压氢气罐储存。本发明的低温储氢系统，采用混合制冷剂工质对高温高压氢气进行冷却，相较液氮、液氦等定温冷源而言，其匹配性更好，提高了对低温氢气制取的能量转化效率，降低了低温氢气的制取成本。

Description

一种低温储氢系统
技术领域
本发明涉及低温制冷技术领域，特别是涉及一种低温储氢系统。
背景技术
随着工业发展和人们物质生活水平的提高，能源需求也与日俱增。煤炭、石油等化石能源储量有限，且在使用时不可避免地会污染环境，相较之下，氢能源作为一种二次能源，其具有很多优点，例如燃烧热值高、利用无污染等，但氢能的有效利用必须要首先解决制取、储运和应用等一系列问题。
目前，对于低温高压氢气的制取，通常采用液氮、液氦等作为制冷循环工质，由于高压氢气冷却负荷为气相显热，是一种典型的分布式负荷，与液氮、液氦等定温冷源匹配性较差，从而导致对低温高压氢气制取的能量转化效率低、制取成本高昂的问题。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是：现有低温高压氢气制取的能量转化效率低、制取成本高昂的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种低温储氢系统，包括主冷模块、预冷模块、多级压缩模块以及低温高压氢气罐；
所述主冷模块包括第一压缩机、第一冷却器、一级换热器A、二级换热器B、二级换热器C、三级换热器D、第一气液分离器、第二气液分离器、节流阀e2、节流阀e3、节流阀e4，所述一级换热器A内设有一级混合工质通道、预冷制冷剂通道、一级氢气通道，所述二级换热器B内设有二级气相混合工质通道b1、二级液相混合工质通道b2、二级混合工质返回通道b3、二级氢气通道b4，所述二级换热器C内设有二级气相混合工质通道c1、二级液相混合工质通道c2、二级混合工质返回通道c3、二级氢气通道c4，所述三级换热器D内设有三级混合工质进入通道d1、三级混合工质返回通道d2、三级氢气通道d3；
所述预冷模块的两端与所述预冷制冷剂通道的两端分别相连形成预冷回路；
所述第一压缩机的高压排气口与所述第一冷却器的入口相连，所述第一冷却器的出口与所述一级混合工质通道的入口相连，所述一级混合工质通道的出口连通所述第一气液分离器的入口，所述第一气液分离器的顶部气体出口与所述二级气相混合工质通道b1的入口相连，所述第一气液分离器的底部液体出口与所述二级液相混合工质通道b2的入口相连，所述二级液相混合工质通道b2的出口连通节流阀e2的第一端，所述二级气相混合工质通道b1的出口连通所述第二气液分离器的入口，所述第二气液分离器的顶部气体出口与所述二级气相混合工质通道c1的入口相连，所述第二气液分离器的底部液体出口与所述二级液相混合工质通道c2的入口相连，所述二级液相混合工质通道c2的出口连通节流阀e3的第一端，所述二级气相混合工质通道c1的出口连通所述三级混合工质进入通道d1的入口，所述三级混合工质进入通道d1的出口连通节流阀e4的第一端，所述节流阀e4的第二端连通所述三级混合工质返回通道d2的入口,所述三级混合工质返回通道d2的出口以及所述节流阀e3的第二端连通所述二级混合工质返回通道c3的入口，所述二级混合工质返回通道c3的出口以及所述节流阀e2的第二端连通所述二级混合工质返回通道b3的入口，所述二级混合工质返回通道b3的出口连通所述第一压缩机的入口，混合制冷剂工质依次在所述第一压缩机、所述第一冷却器、所述一级换热器A、所述第一气液分离器、所述二级换热器B、所述第二气液分离器、所述二级换热器C、所述三级换热器D之间循环流通形成主冷回路；
所述多级压缩模块用于将原料氢气压缩为高温高压的氢气，所述多级压缩模块的出口依次连通所述一级氢气通道、所述二级氢气通道b4、所述二级氢气通道c4、所述三级氢气通道d3和所述低温高压氢气罐。
具体地，所述预冷模块包括预冷压缩机、预冷冷却器和节流阀e1，所述预冷压缩机的高压排气口与所述预冷冷却器的入口连通，所述预冷冷却器的出口连通所述节流阀e1的第一端，所述节流阀e1的第二端连通所述预冷制冷剂通道的入口，所述预冷制冷剂通道的出口连通所述预冷压缩机的入口，预冷制冷剂在所述预冷压缩机、所述预冷冷却器、所述节流阀e1及所述预冷制冷剂通道之间循环流通形成所述预冷回路。
具体地，所述低温储氢系统还包括液氮罐，所述二级换热器B内还设有二级氮气通道b5，所述二级换热器C内还设有二级氮气通道c5，所述三级换热器D内还设有三级氮气通道d4，氮气依次进入所述二级氮气通道b5、所述二级氮气通道c5、所述三级氮气通道d4降温并存入所述液氮罐，所述液氮罐的第一出口连接所述低温高压氢气罐。
具体地，所述低温储氢系统还包括氮气制取模块，所述氮气制取模块包括空气分离器、氮气罐，所述空气分离器用于将氮气分离，所述空气分离器的出口连通所述氮气罐的入口，所述氮气罐的出口连通所述二级氮气通道b5。
具体地，所述低温储氢系统还包括液氢制取模块、液氮罐和低温液氢罐，所述二级换热器B内还设有二级返氢通道b6，所述二级换热器C内还设有二级返氢通道c6，所述三级换热器D内还设有三级返氢通道d5，所述三级氢气通道d3的出口连通所述液氢制取模块的第一入口，所述液氮罐的第二出口连通所述液氢制取模块的第二入口，所述液氢制取模块的第一出口与所述低温液氢罐的入口连通，所述液氢制取模块的第一出口用于流出液氢，所述液氢制取模块的第二出口依次连通所述三级返氢通道d5、所述二级返氢通道c6、所述二级返氢通道b6，所述液氢制取模块的第二出口用于流出氢气，所述二级返氢通道b6的出口与所述多级压缩模块的入口相连通。
具体地，所述液氢制取模块包括换热器组件、膨胀机组件、节流阀e5以及第三气液分离器，所述换热器组件包括依次串联的液氮预冷换热器、第二换热器、第三换热器、第四换热器、第五换热器、第六换热器，所述液氮预冷换热器内设有液氮预冷通道、氢气进入通道和氢气回流通道，所述液氮罐的第二出口连通所述液氮预冷通道的入口，所述液氮预冷通道的出口用于排出氮气，所述三级氢气通道d3的出口连通所述氢气进入通道的入口，所述氢气回流通道的出口连通所述三级返氢通道d5，所述氢气进入通道的出口及所述氢气回流通道的入口分别连通至所述第二换热器，所述第四换热器上设置有低温工质气体入口和低温工质气体出口，所述膨胀机组件包括一级膨胀机和二级膨胀机，所述一级膨胀机的入口设于所述第二换热器至所述第三换热器的供给管路上，所述一级膨胀机的出口与所述第四换热器的低温工质气体入口连通，所述第四换热器的低温工质气体出口连通所述二级膨胀机的入口，所述二级膨胀机的出口设置于所述第六换热器至所述第五换热器的回流管路上，所述第六换热器的供给出口连接所述节流阀e5的第一端，所述节流阀e5的第二端连接所述第三气液分离器的入口，所述第三气液分离器的顶部气体出口连通所述第六换热器的回流入口，所述第三气液分离器的底部液体出口连通所述低温液氢罐。
具体地，所述液氮罐具有第一出口、第三出口以及所述第二出口，所述液氮罐的第一出口连接所述低温高压氢气罐，所述液氮罐的第二出口连通所述液氮预冷通道的入口，所述液氮罐的第三出口连接所述低温液氢罐。
具体地，所述液氮预冷换热器内还设有液氮回收通道，所述二级换热器B内还设有二级氮气通道b5，所述二级换热器C内还设有二级氮气通道c5，所述三级换热器D内还设有三级氮气通道d4，氮气依次进入所述二级氮气通道b5、所述二级氮气通道c5、所述三级氮气通道d4、所述液氮回收通道降温并存入所述液氮罐。
具体地，所述多级压缩模块包括驱动电机、一级压缩机、换热器f1、二级压缩机、换热器f2、三级压缩机、换热器f3，所述驱动电机用于提供动力，所述驱动电机的出口以及原料氢气的输送管道连通所述一级压缩机的入口，所述一级压缩机依次连通所述换热器f1、二级压缩机、换热器f2、三级压缩机、换热器f3，所述换热器f1、所述换热器f2、所述换热器f3用于对所述原料氢气降温。
具体地，所述低温储氢系统还包括液氮罐、低温泵、蓄冷系统、热罐、冷罐和多级膨胀发电模块，所述液氮罐的出口连通低温泵的入口，所述低温泵用于对液氮升压，所述低温泵的出口连通所述蓄冷系统的氮气入口，所述换热器f3的出口连通所述蓄冷系统的氢气入口，所述蓄冷系统用于对氮气升温、对氢气降温，所述多级膨胀发电模块包括换热器g1、第一膨胀机、换热器g2、第二膨胀机、换热器g3、第三膨胀机和发电机，所述蓄冷系统的氮气出口连通所述换热器g1，所述换热器g1依次连通所述第一膨胀机、所述换热器g2、所述第二膨胀机、所述换热器g3、所述第三膨胀机和所述发电机，所述换热器g1、所述换热器g2、所述换热器g3用于对所述氮气升温，所述冷罐的出口与所述热罐的入口之间并联所述换热器f1、所述换热器f2、所述换热器f3，所述热罐的出口与所述冷罐的入口之间并联所述换热器g1、所述换热器g2、所述换热器g3与所述蓄冷系统，制冷剂在所述冷罐、所述换热器f1、所述换热器f2、所述换热器f3、所述热罐、所述换热器g1、所述换热器g2、所述换热器g3与所述蓄冷系统之间循环流通。
本发明实施例一种低温储氢系统，与现有技术相比，其有益效果在于：
通过设置包括主冷模块、预冷模块、多级压缩模块以及低温高压氢气罐的低温储氢系统，其中主冷模块包括第一压缩机、第一冷却器、一级换热器A、二级换热器B、二级换热器C、三级换热器D、第一气液分离器、第二气液分离器、节流阀e2、节流阀e3、节流阀e4，混合制冷剂工质依次在第一压缩机、第一冷却器、一级换热器A、第一气液分离器、二级换热器B、第二气液分离器、二级换热器C、三级换热器D之间循环流通形成主冷回路，预冷模块在一级换热器A中对主冷模块中循环流通的混合制冷剂工质换热降温，原料氢气经多级压缩模块压缩成高温高压的氢气进入主冷模块与混合制冷剂工质多级换热从而降温成低温高压的氢气最终进入低温高压氢气罐储存；由于本发明的低温储氢系统是采用混合制冷剂工质对高温高压氢气进行逐级冷却，混合制冷剂工质是变温冷源，相较液氮、液氦等定温冷源而言，其与高压氢气匹配性更好，可以更充分地进行能量转化，降低了低温氢气的制取成本。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的低温储氢系统的示意图；
图2是本发明实施例的含液氢制取模块的低温储氢系统的示意图；
图3是图2中的A处放大图；
图4是本发明实施例的含液氢制取模块、多级膨胀发电模块的低温储氢系统的示意图；
图5是本发明实施例的多级压缩模块与多级膨胀发电模块关系的示意图；
图中，10、主冷模块；11、第一压缩机；12、第一冷却器；13、一级换热器A；131、一级混合工质通道；132、预冷制冷剂通道；133、一级氢气通道；14、二级换热器B；141、二级气相混合工质通道b1；142、二级液相混合工质通道b2；143、二级混合工质返回通道b3；144、二级氢气通道b4；145、二级氮气通道b5；146、二级返氢通道b6；15、二级换热器C；151、二级气相混合工质通道c1；152、二级液相混合工质通道c2；153、二级混合工质返回通道c3；154、二级氢气通道c4；155、二级氮气通道c5；156、二级返氢通道c6；16、三级换热器D；161、三级混合工质进入通道d1；162、三级混合工质返回通道d2；163、三级氢气通道d3；164、三级氮气通道d4；165、三级返氢通道d5；17、第一气液分离器；18、第二气液分离器；191、节流阀e2；192、节流阀e3；193、节流阀e4；20、预冷模块；21、预冷压缩机；22、预冷冷却器；23、节流阀e1；30、多级压缩模块；31、驱动电机；32、一级压缩机；33、换热器f1；34、二级压缩机；35、换热器f2；36、三级压缩机；37、换热器f3；40、氮气制取模块；41、空气分离器；42、氮气罐；50、液氢制取模块；51、换热器组件；511、液氮预冷换热器；5111、液氮预冷通道；5112、氢气进入通道；5113、氢气回流通道；5114、液氮回收通道；512、第二换热器；513、第三换热器；514、第四换热器；515、第五换热器；516、第六换热器；52、膨胀机组件；521、一级膨胀机；522、二级膨胀机；53、节流阀e5；54、第三气液分离器；60、多级膨胀发电模块；61、换热器g1；62、第一膨胀机；63、换热器g2；64、第二膨胀机；65、换热器g3；66、第三膨胀机；67、发电机；71、低温高压氢气罐；72、液氮罐；73、低温液氢罐；74、低温泵；75、蓄冷系统；76、热罐；77、冷罐。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
在本发明的描述中，应当理解的是，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
如图1所示，本发明优选实施例的一种低温储氢系统，包括主冷模块10、预冷模块20、多级压缩模块30以及低温高压氢气罐71；
主冷模块10包括第一压缩机11、第一冷却器12、一级换热器A13、二级换热器B14、二级换热器C15、三级换热器D16、第一气液分离器17、第二气液分离器18、节流阀e2191、节流阀e3192、节流阀e4193，一级换热器A13内设有一级混合工质通道131、预冷制冷剂通道132、一级氢气通道133，二级换热器B14内设有二级气相混合工质通道b1141、二级液相混合工质通道b2142、二级混合工质返回通道b3143、二级氢气通道b4144，二级换热器C15内设有二级气相混合工质通道c1151、二级液相混合工质通道c2152、二级混合工质返回通道c3153、二级氢气通道c4154，三级换热器D16内设有三级混合工质进入通道d1161、三级混合工质返回通道d2162、三级氢气通道d3163；
预冷模块20的两端与预冷制冷剂通道132的两端分别相连形成预冷回路，从而一级换热器A13可将混合制冷剂工质和高压氢气预冷至温度低于300K；
第一压缩机11用于将混合制冷剂工质压缩为高温高压的过热制冷剂蒸汽，第一压缩机11的高压排气口与第一冷却器12的入口相连，第一冷却器12用于将混合制冷机工质冷却到接近环境温度，第一气液分离器17、第二气液分离器18用于将气液两相混合制冷剂工质分离为富含低沸点组分的气相混合工质和富含高沸点组分的液相混合工质，第一冷却器12的出口与一级混合工质通道131的入口相连，一级混合工质通道131的出口连通第一气液分离器17的入口，第一气液分离器17的顶部气体出口与二级气相混合工质通道b1141的入口相连，第一气液分离器17的底部液体出口与二级液相混合工质通道b2142的入口相连，二级液相混合工质通道b2142的出口连通节流阀e2191的第一端，二级气相混合工质通道b1141的出口连通第二气液分离器18的入口，第二气液分离器18的顶部气体出口与二级气相混合工质通道c1151的入口相连，第二气液分离器18的底部液体出口与二级液相混合工质通道c2152的入口相连，二级液相混合工质通道c2152的出口连通节流阀e3192的第一端，二级气相混合工质通道c1151的出口连通三级混合工质进入通道d1161的入口，三级混合工质进入通道d1161的出口连通节流阀e4193的第一端，节流阀e4193的第二端连通三级混合工质返回通道d2162的入口,流经三级混合工质进入通道d1161的混合制冷剂工质经节流阀e4193节流降温后进入三级混合工质返回通道d2162提供冷却功，三级混合工质返回通道d2162的出口以及节流阀e3192的第二端连通二级混合工质返回通道c3153的入口，经第二气液分离器18分离然后流经二级液相混合工质通道c2152的液相混合制冷剂工质经节流阀e3192节流降温后与三级混合工质返回通道d2162的低压冷流汇合进入二级混合工质返回通道c3153为二级换热器C15提供冷却动力，二级混合工质返回通道c3153的出口以及节流阀e2191的第二端连通二级混合工质返回通道b3143的入口，经第一气液分离器17分离然后流经二级液相混合工质通道b2142的液相混合制冷剂工质经节流阀e2191节流降温后与二级混合工质返回通道c3153的低压冷流汇合进入二级混合工质返回通道b3143提供冷却动力，二级混合工质返回通道b3143的出口连通第一压缩机11的入口，混合制冷剂工质依次在第一压缩机11、第一冷却器12、一级换热器A13、第一气液分离器17、二级换热器B14、第二气液分离器18、二级换热器C15、三级换热器D16之间循环流通形成主冷回路，其中混合制冷剂工质为氮气-碳氢化合物混合物；
多级压缩模块30用于将原料氢气压缩为35MPa-70MPa的高温高压的氢气，多级压缩模块30的出口依次连通一级氢气通道133、二级氢气通道b4144、二级氢气通道c4154、三级氢气通道d3163和低温高压氢气罐71，从而高温高压的氢气在主冷模块10中被逐级降温冷却至80K-120K并被低温高压氢气罐71储存。
基于以上实施例的一种低温储氢系统，通过设置包括主冷模块10、预冷模块20、多级压缩模块30以及低温高压氢气罐71的低温储氢系统，其中主冷模块10包括第一压缩机11、第一冷却器12、一级换热器A13、二级换热器B14、二级换热器C15、三级换热器D16、第一气液分离器17、第二气液分离器18、节流阀e2191、节流阀e3192、节流阀e4193，混合制冷剂工质依次在第一压缩机11、第一冷却器12、一级换热器A13、第一气液分离器17、二级换热器B14、第二气液分离器18、二级换热器C15、三级换热器D16之间循环流通形成主冷回路，预冷模块20在一级换热器A13中对主冷模块10中循环流通的混合制冷剂工质换热降温，原料氢气经多级压缩模块30压缩成高温高压的氢气进入主冷模块10与混合制冷剂工质多级换热从而降温成低温高压的氢气最终进入低温高压氢气罐71储存；由于本发明的低温储氢系统是采用混合制冷剂工质对高温高压氢气进行逐级冷却，混合制冷剂工质是变温冷源，相较液氮、液氦等定温冷源而言，其与高压氢气匹配性更好，可以更充分地进行能量转化，降低了低温氢气的制取成本。
一些实施例中，预冷模块20包括预冷压缩机21、预冷冷却器22和节流阀e123，预冷压缩机21的高压排气口与预冷冷却器22的入口连通，预冷冷却器22的出口连通节流阀e123的第一端，节流阀e123的第二端连通预冷制冷剂通道132的入口，预冷制冷剂通道132的出口连通预冷压缩机21的入口，预冷制冷剂在预冷压缩机21、预冷冷却器22、节流阀e123及预冷制冷剂通道132之间循环流通形成预冷回路，通过设置预冷模块20可以减少混合制冷剂所处的模块所需组件数量，提高系统在高温环境下的性能。
具体地，低温储氢系统还包括液氮罐72，二级换热器B14内还设有二级氮气通道b5145，二级换热器C15内还设有二级氮气通道c5155，三级换热器D16内还设有三级氮气通道d4164，氮气依次进入二级氮气通道b5145、二级氮气通道c5155、三级氮气通道d4164降温并存入液氮罐72，液氮罐72的第一出口连接低温高压氢气罐71，通过在主冷模块10的各组件内增设对氮气降温的通道，可以将闲置或过剩的冷量以液氮的形式进行储存，且所储存的液氮通过连接低温高压氢气罐71，可对低温高压氢气罐71进行持续的冷量补给，以补偿低温高压氢气罐71向环境散失的热量，实现低温高压氢气罐71内温度和压力的恒定，以避免低温高压氢气罐71因吸热升温导致罐体内压力急剧上升的问题。
一些实施例中，低温储氢系统还包括氮气制取模块40，氮气制取模块40包括空气分离器41、氮气罐42，空气分离器41用于将氮气分离，空气分离器41的出口连通氮气罐42的入口，氮气罐42的出口连通二级氮气通道b5145，从而为主冷模块10提供氮源实现闲置或过剩冷量转化为液氮。
如图2与图3所示，优选地，低温储氢系统还包括液氢制取模块50、液氮罐72和低温液氢罐73，二级换热器B14内还设有二级返氢通道b6146，二级换热器C15内还设有二级返氢通道c6156，三级换热器D16内还设有三级返氢通道d5165，三级氢气通道d3163的出口连通液氢制取模块50的第一入口，液氮罐72的第二出口连通液氢制取模块50的第二入口，液氢制取模块50的第一出口与低温液氢罐73的入口连通，液氢制取模块50的第一出口用于流出液氢，液氢制取模块50的第二出口依次连通三级返氢通道d5165、二级返氢通道c6156、二级返氢通道b6146，液氢制取模块50的第二出口用于流出氢气，二级返氢通道b6146的出口与多级压缩模块30的入口相连通。
以上实施例对低温储氢系统增设液氮制取模块可以将经主冷模块10制成的低温高压氢气进一步液化存储，主冷模块10的混合制冷剂工质循环作为氢气液化的预冷循环，一方面实现了同套设备的不同功能模块化，即不同模块方便现场安装，根据实际需要既可以制取低温高压氢气也可以制取液氢，提高了设备利用率，另一方面可以解决低温高压氢气罐71容量较小，难以完全消纳风光电制氢产生的富余氢气问题，实现了富余氢气的液化，提供低温高压氢气、液氢等多种形态能源供应。
一些优选的实施例中，液氢制取模块50包括换热器组件51、膨胀机组件52、节流阀e553以及第三气液分离器54，换热器组件51包括依次串联的液氮预冷换热器511、第二换热器512、第三换热器513、第四换热器514、第五换热器515、第六换热器516，液氮预冷换热器511内设有液氮预冷通道5111、氢气进入通道5112和氢气回流通道5113，液氮罐72的第二出口连通液氮预冷通道5111的入口，液氮预冷通道5111的出口用于排出氮气，三级氢气通道d3163的出口连通氢气进入通道5112的入口，氢气回流通道5113的出口连通三级返氢通道d5165，氢气进入通道5112的出口及氢气回流通道5113的入口分别连通至第二换热器512，第四换热器514上设置有低温工质气体入口和低温工质气体出口，膨胀机组件52包括一级膨胀机521和二级膨胀机522，一级膨胀机521的入口设于第二换热器512至第三换热器513的供给管路上，一级膨胀机521的出口与第四换热器514的低温工质气体入口连通，第四换热器514的低温工质气体出口连通二级膨胀机522的入口，二级膨胀机522的出口设置于第六换热器516至第五换热器515的回流管路上，第六换热器516的供给出口连接节流阀e553的第一端，节流阀e553的第二端连接第三气液分离器54的入口，节流阀e553对氢气节流至0.1MPa，第三气液分离器54的顶部气体出口连通第六换热器516的回流入口，第三气液分离器54的底部液体出口连通低温液氢罐73。其中，换热器组件51内填充有正仲氢转化催化剂，或换热器组件51连接有正仲氢转化器，氢气经过换热器组件51的换热降温后，并通过换热器组件51内填充的正仲氢催化剂的连续型正仲氢转换或通过正仲氢转化器的绝热型正仲氢转换，成为仲氢浓度不小于99％的高纯度液氢。通过设置液氮预冷换热器511，使得可以通过液氮对经主冷模块10混合制冷剂工质预冷后的低温高压氢气进一步进行预冷，预冷段使用混合制冷剂工质和液氮，有效降低了能耗，改善了液化过程的换热特性，提高了换热效率，且由于设置有膨胀机组件52可以将氢气膨胀制冷并通过节流阀e553进一步节流降温使其作为制冷剂用于换热器组件51提供冷却动力，作为制冷剂进行换热升温后的氢气经各级返氢通道回到多级压缩模块30的入口循环利用。
优选地，液氮罐72具有第一出口、第三出口以及第二出口，液氮罐72的第一出口连接低温高压氢气罐71，液氮罐72的第二出口连通液氮预冷通道5111的入口，液氮罐72的第三出口连接低温液氢罐73，从而液氮可以对低温高压氢气罐71和低温液氢罐73提供冷量进行主动保冷，其中液氮罐72优选设有总出口，总出口连接有管道和多个阀门(二通阀、三通阀、四通阀)相组合以分支出第一出口、第二出口和第三出口。
优选地，液氮预冷换热器511内还设有液氮回收通道5114，二级换热器B14内还设有二级氮气通道b5145，二级换热器C15内还设有二级氮气通道c5155，三级换热器D16内还设有三级氮气通道d4164，氮气依次进入二级氮气通道b5145、二级氮气通道c5155、三级氮气通道d4164、液氮回收通道5114降温并存入液氮罐72。
如图5所示，优选地，多级压缩模块30包括驱动电机31、一级压缩机32、换热器f133、二级压缩机34、换热器f235、三级压缩机36、换热器f337，驱动电机31用于提供动力，驱动电机31的出口以及原料氢气的输送管道连通一级压缩机32的入口，一级压缩机32依次连通换热器f133、二级压缩机34、换热器f235、三级压缩机36、换热器f337，换热器f133、换热器f235、换热器f337用于对原料氢气降温。
如图4与图5所示，优选地，低温储氢系统还包括液氮罐72、低温泵74、蓄冷系统75、热罐76、冷罐77和多级膨胀发电模块60，液氮罐72的出口连通低温泵74的入口，低温泵74用于对液氮升压，低温泵74的出口连通蓄冷系统75的氮气入口，换热器f337的出口连通蓄冷系统75的氢气入口，蓄冷系统75用于对氮气升温、对氢气降温，多级膨胀发电模块60包括换热器g161、第一膨胀机62、换热器g263、第二膨胀机64、换热器g365、第三膨胀机66和发电机67，蓄冷系统75的氮气出口连通换热器g161，换热器g161依次连通第一膨胀机62、换热器g263、第二膨胀机64、换热器g365、第三膨胀机66和发电机67，换热器g161、换热器g263、换热器g365用于对氮气升温，冷罐77的出口与热罐76的入口之间并联换热器f133、换热器f235、换热器f337，热罐76的出口与冷罐77的入口之间并联换热器g161、换热器g263、换热器g365与蓄冷系统75，制冷剂在冷罐77、换热器f133、换热器f235、换热器f337、热罐76、换热器g161、换热器g263、换热器g365与蓄冷系统75之间循环流通，制冷剂在进入冷罐77前优选还与环境换热进一步降温。通过设置多级膨胀发电模块60，可以将经蓄冷系统75利用后转为气态的液氮再进一步膨胀用于发电，且制冷剂在冷罐77、换热器f133、换热器f235、换热器f337、热罐76、换热器g161、换热器g263、换热器g365与蓄冷系统75之间循环流通使得多级压缩模块30与多级膨胀发电模块60之间能量充分互为利用，大大提高了能量利用率。
综上，本发明实施例提供一种低温储氢系统，其设置有预冷模块20、主冷模块10、多级压缩模块30、多级膨胀发电模块60及液氢制取模块50，可以实现对低温高压氢气以及液氢的制取和保温存储，还可以对经利用的液氮进行膨胀发电，多级膨胀发电模块60与多级压缩模块30之间制冷剂进行循环使得两模块的能量充分互为利用，本低温储氢系统对于能量的转化率高，大大降低了低温高压氢气和液态氢气的制取和储存成本。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和替换，这些改进和替换也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种低温储氢系统，其特征在于，包括主冷模块、预冷模块、多级压缩模块以及低温高压氢气罐；
所述主冷模块包括第一压缩机、第一冷却器、一级换热器A、二级换热器B、二级换热器C、三级换热器D、第一气液分离器、第二气液分离器、节流阀e2、节流阀e3、节流阀e4，所述一级换热器A内设有一级混合工质通道、预冷制冷剂通道、一级氢气通道，所述二级换热器B内设有二级气相混合工质通道b1、二级液相混合工质通道b2、二级混合工质返回通道b3、二级氢气通道b4，所述二级换热器C内设有二级气相混合工质通道c1、二级液相混合工质通道c2、二级混合工质返回通道c3、二级氢气通道c4，所述三级换热器D内设有三级混合工质进入通道d1、三级混合工质返回通道d2、三级氢气通道d3；
所述预冷模块的两端与所述预冷制冷剂通道的两端分别相连形成预冷回路；
所述第一压缩机的高压排气口与所述第一冷却器的入口相连，所述第一冷却器的出口与所述一级混合工质通道的入口相连，所述一级混合工质通道的出口连通所述第一气液分离器的入口，所述第一气液分离器的顶部气体出口与所述二级气相混合工质通道b1的入口相连，所述第一气液分离器的底部液体出口与所述二级液相混合工质通道b2的入口相连，所述二级液相混合工质通道b2的出口连通节流阀e2的第一端，所述二级气相混合工质通道b1的出口连通所述第二气液分离器的入口，所述第二气液分离器的顶部气体出口与所述二级气相混合工质通道c1的入口相连，所述第二气液分离器的底部液体出口与所述二级液相混合工质通道c2的入口相连，所述二级液相混合工质通道c2的出口连通节流阀e3的第一端，所述二级气相混合工质通道c1的出口连通所述三级混合工质进入通道d1的入口，所述三级混合工质进入通道d1的出口连通节流阀e4的第一端，所述节流阀e4的第二端连通所述三级混合工质返回通道d2的入口,所述三级混合工质返回通道d2的出口以及所述节流阀e3的第二端连通所述二级混合工质返回通道c3的入口，所述二级混合工质返回通道c3的出口以及所述节流阀e2的第二端连通所述二级混合工质返回通道b3的入口，所述二级混合工质返回通道b3的出口连通所述第一压缩机的入口，混合制冷剂工质依次在所述第一压缩机、所述第一冷却器、所述一级换热器A、所述第一气液分离器、所述二级换热器B、所述第二气液分离器、所述二级换热器C、所述三级换热器D之间循环流通形成主冷回路；
所述多级压缩模块用于将原料氢气压缩为高温高压的氢气，所述多级压缩模块的出口依次连通所述一级氢气通道、所述二级氢气通道b4、所述二级氢气通道c4、所述三级氢气通道d3和所述低温高压氢气罐。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低温储氢系统，其特征在于，所述预冷模块包括预冷压缩机、预冷冷却器和节流阀e1，所述预冷压缩机的高压排气口与所述预冷冷却器的入口连通，所述预冷冷却器的出口连通所述节流阀e1的第一端，所述节流阀e1的第二端连通所述预冷制冷剂通道的入口，所述预冷制冷剂通道的出口连通所述预冷压缩机的入口，预冷制冷剂在所述预冷压缩机、所述预冷冷却器、所述节流阀e1及所述预冷制冷剂通道之间循环流通形成所述预冷回路。
3.根据权利要求1所述的低温储氢系统，其特征在于，还包括液氮罐，所述二级换热器B内还设有二级氮气通道b5，所述二级换热器C内还设有二级氮气通道c5，所述三级换热器D内还设有三级氮气通道d4，氮气依次进入所述二级氮气通道b5、所述二级氮气通道c5、所述三级氮气通道d4降温并存入所述液氮罐，所述液氮罐的第一出口连接所述低温高压氢气罐。
4.根据权利要求3所述的低温储氢系统，其特征在于，还包括氮气制取模块，所述氮气制取模块包括空气分离器、氮气罐，所述空气分离器用于将氮气分离，所述空气分离器的出口连通所述氮气罐的入口，所述氮气罐的出口连通所述二级氮气通道b5。
5.根据权利要求1所述的低温储氢系统，其特征在于，还包括液氢制取模块、液氮罐和低温液氢罐，所述二级换热器B内还设有二级返氢通道b6，所述二级换热器C内还设有二级返氢通道c6，所述三级换热器D内还设有三级返氢通道d5，所述三级氢气通道d3的出口连通所述液氢制取模块的第一入口，所述液氮罐的第二出口连通所述液氢制取模块的第二入口，所述液氢制取模块的第一出口与所述低温液氢罐的入口连通，所述液氢制取模块的第一出口用于流出液氢，所述液氢制取模块的第二出口依次连通所述三级返氢通道d5、所述二级返氢通道c6、所述二级返氢通道b6，所述液氢制取模块的第二出口用于流出氢气，所述二级返氢通道b6的出口与所述多级压缩模块的入口相连通。
6.根据权利要求5所述的低温储氢系统，其特征在于，所述液氢制取模块包括换热器组件、膨胀机组件、节流阀e5以及第三气液分离器，所述换热器组件包括依次串联的液氮预冷换热器、第二换热器、第三换热器、第四换热器、第五换热器、第六换热器，所述液氮预冷换热器内设有液氮预冷通道、氢气进入通道和氢气回流通道，所述液氮罐的第二出口连通所述液氮预冷通道的入口，所述液氮预冷通道的出口用于排出氮气，所述三级氢气通道d3的出口连通所述氢气进入通道的入口，所述氢气回流通道的出口连通所述三级返氢通道d5，所述氢气进入通道的出口及所述氢气回流通道的入口分别连通至所述第二换热器，所述第四换热器上设置有低温工质气体入口和低温工质气体出口，所述膨胀机组件包括一级膨胀机和二级膨胀机，所述一级膨胀机的入口设于所述第二换热器至所述第三换热器的供给管路上，所述一级膨胀机的出口与所述第四换热器的低温工质气体入口连通，所述第四换热器的低温工质气体出口连通所述二级膨胀机的入口，所述二级膨胀机的出口设置于所述第六换热器至所述第五换热器的回流管路上，所述第六换热器的供给出口连接所述节流阀e5的第一端，所述节流阀e5的第二端连接所述第三气液分离器的入口，所述第三气液分离器的顶部气体出口连通所述第六换热器的回流入口，所述第三气液分离器的底部液体出口连通所述低温液氢罐。
7.根据权利要求6所述的低温储氢系统，其特征在于，所述液氮罐具有第一出口、第三出口以及所述第二出口，所述液氮罐的第一出口连接所述低温高压氢气罐，所述液氮罐的第二出口连通所述液氮预冷通道的入口，所述液氮罐的第三出口连接所述低温液氢罐。
8.根据权利要求6所述的低温储氢系统，其特征在于，所述液氮预冷换热器内还设有液氮回收通道，所述二级换热器B内还设有二级氮气通道b5，所述二级换热器C内还设有二级氮气通道c5，所述三级换热器D内还设有三级氮气通道d4，氮气依次进入所述二级氮气通道b5、所述二级氮气通道c5、所述三级氮气通道d4、所述液氮回收通道降温并存入所述液氮罐。
9.根据权利要求1所述的低温储氢系统，其特征在于，所述多级压缩模块包括驱动电机、一级压缩机、换热器f1、二级压缩机、换热器f2、三级压缩机、换热器f3，所述驱动电机用于提供动力，所述驱动电机的出口以及原料氢气的输送管道连通所述一级压缩机的入口，所述一级压缩机依次连通所述换热器f1、二级压缩机、换热器f2、三级压缩机、换热器f3，所述换热器f1、所述换热器f2、所述换热器f3用于对所述原料氢气降温。
10.根据权利要求9所述的低温储氢系统，其特征在于，还包括液氮罐、低温泵、蓄冷系统、热罐、冷罐和多级膨胀发电模块，所述液氮罐的出口连通低温泵的入口，所述低温泵用于对液氮升压，所述低温泵的出口连通所述蓄冷系统的氮气入口，所述换热器f3的出口连通所述蓄冷系统的氢气入口，所述蓄冷系统用于对氮气升温、对氢气降温，所述多级膨胀发电模块包括换热器g1、第一膨胀机、换热器g2、第二膨胀机、换热器g3、第三膨胀机和发电机，所述蓄冷系统的氮气出口连通所述换热器g1，所述换热器g1依次连通所述第一膨胀机、所述换热器g2、所述第二膨胀机、所述换热器g3、所述第三膨胀机和所述发电机，所述换热器g1、所述换热器g2、所述换热器g3用于对所述氮气升温，所述冷罐的出口与所述热罐的入口之间并联所述换热器f1、所述换热器f2、所述换热器f3，所述热罐的出口与所述冷罐的入口之间并联所述换热器g1、所述换热器g2、所述换热器g3与所述蓄冷系统，制冷剂在所述冷罐、所述换热器f1、所述换热器f2、所述换热器f3、所述热罐、所述换热器g1、所述换热器g2、所述换热器g3与所述蓄冷系统之间循环流通。
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