CN113227690A - 用于供应处于压力下的备用气体的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于供应处于压力下的备用气体的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN113227690A
CN113227690A CN201980085751.9A CN201980085751A CN113227690A CN 113227690 A CN113227690 A CN 113227690A CN 201980085751 A CN201980085751 A CN 201980085751A CN 113227690 A CN113227690 A CN 113227690A
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pressure
backup
gas
liquid
heat exchanger
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阿兰·布里利亚
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Publication of CN113227690A publication Critical patent/CN113227690A/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0248—Stopping of the process, e.g. defrosting or deriming, maintenance; Back-up mode or systems
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F25J1/001—Hydrogen
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
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    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
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Abstract

用于从处于较低压力下的源气体供应处于较高压力下的备用气体的方法和系统。处于该较低压力下的该备用气体在再处理热交换器(12)中与处于较高压力下的备用液体换热并至少部分地冷凝，并且因此，该备用液体至少部分地蒸发。处于该较高压力下的该备用液体是由将液化的处于该较低压力下的备用气体升压形成。备用蒸发器(13)设置在该再处理热交换器(12)的下游以在处于较高压力下的该备用液体被递送到客户之前使该备用液体完全蒸发。该方法和系统消除了对昂贵的气体压缩机的使用并且减轻了相关联的安全风险、尤其是当该备用气体是氧气时。

Description

用于供应处于压力下的备用气体的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于供应备用气体、尤其是处于升高的压力下的备用气体的方法和系统。
背景技术
在比如石油化学工业、钢铁工业、玻璃工业或煤气化等工业中，经常需要大量气体，包括氧气、氮气、氢气、氩气等等。这些气体可以通过比如空气分离单元等现场气体生产设施供应。不可避免地，气态产物的正常产生有时因比如纯度不正常、定期或不定期停机等事件或其他原因而被中断。因此，向客户递送气态产物需要通过备用系统来维持，该备用系统可以包括一个或多个液体储存罐、泵或各种类型的备用蒸发器。在一些情况下，备用气体可以从气体输送管线网络补充。
各种工业应用需要不同压力的气体。例如，来自ASU设施或管线网络中的气态产物的压力通常低于20-30巴，而部分氧化反应器可能需要高于70巴的气体。为了符合这类约束，备用系统需要提供处于升高的压力下的气体，因此必须采用昂贵的燃气涡轮机来将气态产物的压力升高到期望水平。
US 7,409,835 B2披露了用于在从空气分离单元的正常操作模式切换为待机模式期间降低向客户供应加压气态产物的过程中的压力波动的方法和系统。除了正常操作热交换器之外，通过将液化气流的一小部分传送通过备用热交换器来将备用热交换器维持在冷待机。因此，能够以低能耗和快速响应时间实现两种模式之间的切换。
US 2008/0184736 A1描述了一种用于通过加压液体的蒸发来实现处于压力下的气体的紧急备用供应的方法，这种气体在正常情况下通过在带泵的空气分离单元的第一交换器中的液体蒸发来供应，在为产生补给气体而使用第二交换器的步骤期间，加压液体和高压空气继续被送往第一交换器。
发明内容
在工业气体生产设施的正常操作的中断期间，用以确保在小压力波动内递送加压气体的备用系统和方法是必要的。除了液体储存罐、泵或备用蒸发器之外，也可以从附近的空气分离单元或管线网络提供备用气体。当来自以上源的气体的压力低于客户现场所需的压力时，这些气体不能被直接供应给客户；而是，它们的压力需要通过气体压缩机或增压机来升高。额外的气体压缩机增加备用系统的投资和运营成本，并且还可能带来某些安全问题，尤其是当压缩氧气时。
本发明的目标是在备用系统中消除对气体压缩机或增压机的使用，即使当气体的输出压力需要高于或甚至显著高于源气体的压力时也如此。
在一个方面，本发明披露了一种用于供应处于升高的压力下的备用气体的方法，包括以下步骤：提供一股处于第一压力下的备用气体源；至少提供再处理热交换器、备用蒸发器和液体泵；然后在该再处理热交换器中在处于该第一压力下的该备用气体与处于第二压力下的备用液体之间进行热交换以产生处于该第一压力下的至少部分液化的备用气体以及处于该第二压力下的至少部分蒸发的备用液体；随后在该备用蒸发器中使处于该第二压力下的该至少部分蒸发的备用液体变暖以产生处于升高的压力下的备用气体。在这个方法中，该第二压力高于该第一压力，并且处于该第二压力下的该备用液体是通过借助该液体泵将该液化的备用气体升高到该第二压力而获得。
以上方法还可以包括使处于该第一压力下的该至少部分液化的备用气体通过膨胀阀膨胀的步骤。随着提供液体储存罐，该方法还可以包括将膨胀后的液化的备用气体传输到该液体泵之前将它储存在该液体储存罐中的步骤。
在另一方面，该方法包括使来自该再处理热交换器的处于该第二压力下的该备用液体的一部分经过旁通回路。
另外，本发明描述了一种用于供应处于升高的压力下的备用气体的系统，包括：再处理热交换器、备用蒸发器和液体泵；第一导管，该第一导管用于将处于第一压力下的备用气体递送到该再处理热交换器的暖端，和第二导管，该第二导管用于将处于第一压力下的至少部分液化的备用气体从该再处理热交换器的冷端输送到该液体泵中。该系统进一步包括：第三导管，该第三导管用于将处于第二压力下的备用液体从该液体泵的出口递送到该再处理热交换器的冷端中；第四导管，该第四导管用于将处于该第二压力下的至少部分蒸发的备用液体从该再处理热交换器的暖端输送到该备用蒸发器；以及第五导管，该第五导管用于从该备用蒸发器供应处于升高的压力下的该备用气体；其中该第二压力高于该第一压力。
在一个方面，该系统进一步包括膨胀阀和液体储存罐。
在另一方面，该系统的该再处理热交换器具有用于处于该第一压力下的该备用气体和处于该第二压力下的该备用液体的单独的流通道；并且存在旁通回路，其中一端连接到该再处理热交换器内的用于处于该第二压力下的该备用液体的流通道并且一端连接到该第四导管。该旁通回路还可以具有设置在其上的流量控制阀。
在用于供应处于升高的压力下的备用气体的方法和系统中，该再处理热交换器可以包括铝制板翅式交换器或印刷板交换器。该第二压力与该第一压力的压力比在3-1的范围内、优选地在2.5-1.2的范围内。该备用气体或该备用液体包括氧。
本发明在备用气体流的压力低于客户所需的压力时消除了对气体压缩机(或增压机)的使用；因此减轻了相关联的成本和安全问题。它还通过热交换器中的热交换为同时使备用液体蒸发和使备用气体冷凝提供了具有节能效益的解决方案。由于备用液体在进入备用蒸发器之前已部分蒸发，因此在其中消耗的能量也降低。另外，如果仅从液体储存罐供应备用气体，则液体储存罐的容量需要很大以便维持较长的备用时段。借助本发明，液体储存罐可以用来自其他源的气体补充而不管它们的压力；因此，不必大容量的液体储存罐。
附图说明
为了进一步理解本发明的本质和目的，应结合附图并参考以下具体实施方式。
图1提供了根据本发明的用于产生气态产物的备用系统的图示。
图2是备用气体的压力与其随要蒸发的总液体流量而变的可冷凝流量之间的关系的理论表示，使用80巴下的液态氧(LOX)作为示例。
1-低压管线网络；2-第一导管(第一压力下的备用气体)；3-第二导管(第一压力下的部分液化的备用气体)；4-第三导管(第二压力下的备用液体)；5-旁通回路；6-第四导管(第二压力下的部分蒸发的备用液体)；7-第五导管(升高的压力下的备用气体)；8-客户的设施；10-液体储存罐；11-液体泵；12-再处理热交换器；13-备用蒸发器；14-膨胀阀；15-流量控制阀
具体实施方式
参考图1，来自低压管线网络1的气体可以用作备用气体的补充源。这里，“低压管线网络”意指在这些管线中输送的气体与递送到客户的最终备用气体的压力相比处于较低压力下，并且实际值的范围可以是从大气压到70巴。来自附近的空气分离单元(ASU)的气态产物的传输线也可以看作“低压管线网络”。
来自低压管线网络1的气体然后经由第一导管2传输到再处理热交换器12的暖端。第一导管2内的备用气体处于第一压力下。再处理热交换器12包括允许在两股流体流之间进行间接热交换并且可以维持超过50巴、优选地超过80巴的压力的任何类型。
在再处理热交换器12内，处于第一压力下的备用气体通过与处于第二压力下的备用液体进行热交换而被冷却并且至少部分冷凝。备用气体和备用液体具有相同的组成，但是第二压力高于第一压力。另外，处于第一压力下的备用气体通常处于室温，而处于第二压力下的备用液体通常处于低温，例如低于-165℃。
取决于特定参数，比如两股交换的流之间的温度差、压力差和流量差，处于第一压力下的备用气体可以在离开再处理热交换器12的冷端时被完全或部分冷却或液化。处于第一压力下的部分液化的备用气体然后经由第二导管3传输到液体泵11。部分液化的备用气体沿着第二导管3首先通过膨胀阀14以进一步冷却并且其压力降低。膨胀阀14还控制通过再处理热交换器12的备用气体的流量以确保它冷却到足够低的温度以避免在膨胀期间发生闪蒸。可选地，在第二导管3上还可以设置有液体储存罐10。液体储存罐10可以容纳最初的一批备用液体，所述备用液体将在备用方法开始时被泵送和蒸发。随着处于第一压力下的液化的备用气体的持续补充，液体储存罐无需具有容纳维持长期备用操作所需的全部备用液体量的容量。鉴于以上描述，处于第二压力下的备用液体可以由以下方式获得：借助液体泵将液化的备用气体升高到第二压力，包括通过液体泵将处于第一压力下的液化的备用气体直接升高到第二压力；或使处于大气压左右的备用气体膨胀并将其储存在液体储存罐中，然后将流股从液体储存罐抽出到液体泵以升压到第二压力。
液体泵11用以使来自液体储存罐10的备用液体的压力升高到客户设施8处所需的第二压力。输出的处于第二压力下的备用液体然后通过第三导管4传输到再处理热交换器12的冷端。在与处于第一压力下的备用气体进行热交换之后，从热交换器的暖端离开的流股含有处于第二压力下的至少部分蒸发的备用液体。这股流股经由第四导管6输送到备用蒸发器13中并在其中完全蒸发。备用蒸发器具有使压力下的液体蒸发的功能，并且在离开这个设备时，气体维持其压力并且大体接近环境温度。处于升高的压力下的此备用气体然后通过第五导管7传输到客户的设施8。词“升高”意指高于大气压、并且优选地高于备用气体的第一压力但是不一定高于或等于第二压力。取决于现场可获得的能源及其成本，这个蒸发器可以使用例如空气蒸汽、热水或燃烧烟气作为热源来使压力下的液体蒸发。当在备用操作期间有时无法获得处于第一压力下的备用气体时，可以使全部的备用液体流量在备用蒸发器中蒸发。
对于再处理热交换器12，本领域技术人员理解，一般选择包括钎焊铝制板翅式热交换器或印刷板热交换器。钎焊铝制板翅式热交换器提供极佳的热传导性但是不能耐受冷端与暖端之间的大温差。因此，出于热平衡目的，旁通线5置于铝制板翅式热交换器的中间位置处以用于提取处于第二压力下的冷备用液体的一部分。提取的冷备用液体在重新结合到第四导管6中之前通过流量控制阀15。从暖端离开的至少部分蒸发的备用液体的温度可以通过经由阀15控制的流量来调整。
对于其他类型的热交换器，诸如印刷板热交换器，由于设备对温度差是耐受的，因此不需以上旁通线。
本发明可以包括额外的阀，罐，泵，流线，连接、位置、布置的变化，和/或其他设备和相关部件。
对于给定类型的气体，可以在本发明的再处理热交换器内冷凝的流量取决于一系列参数，比如处于第一压力下的备用气体与处于第二压力下的备用液体之间的初始压力比以及要蒸发的备用液体的流量。图2示出了在再处理热交换器中在80巴下蒸发的液态氧(LOX)的这种关系。在此图中，y轴P/p表示要蒸发的备用液体的较高压力P与要冷凝的备用气体的较低压力p之间的比；并且x轴q/Q表示要冷凝的备用气体与要蒸发的备用液体之间的流量比。例如，根据这个图表，P/p值2对应于q/Q值0.42。由于这个图表的P设置为80巴，这意味着如果要冷凝的备用气体处于40巴的压力下(因此P/p＝80/40＝2)，则本发明具有通过使处于80巴下的备用液体每蒸发2400Nm3/h便冷凝多达1000Nm3/h的处于40巴下的备用气体的能力。(q/Q＝1000/2400＝0.42)。在本发明全文中，气体和液体的流量都转换为1atm和0℃下的标准立方米每小时。
表1和表2呈现了根据本发明的两个实施例的模拟。备用气体的初始压力分别是40巴和60巴。产物气体的所需压力是80巴。以下列出了整个方法中每股流股的流量、温度和压力：
表1.实施例1
Figure BDA0003128972600000071
表2.实施例2
Figure BDA0003128972600000072
在命名为“流股”的栏中，数值代表运输流股的导管，随后是对流股的性质的描述。以上两个示例说明了本发明的实施方式，但它们不应被解释为以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
尽管已经参考某些实施例详细描述了本发明，但是本领域技术人员将认识到可以使用所描述的实施例的变化和修改。因此，这些变化和修改也在由所附权利要求及其等同范围限定的本发明的精神和界限内。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于供应处于升高的压力下的备用气体的方法，包括：
a)提供处于第一压力下的备用气体源；
b)至少提供再处理热交换器、备用蒸发器和液体泵；
c)在该再处理热交换器中在处于该第一压力下的该备用气体与处于第二压力下的备用液体之间进行热交换以产生处于该第一压力下的至少部分液化的备用气体以及处于该第二压力下的至少部分蒸发的备用液体；
d)在该备用蒸发器中使处于该第二压力下的该至少部分蒸发的备用液体变暖以产生处于升高的压力下的备用气体；并且其中，
该第二压力高于该第一压力，并且处于该第二压力下的该备用液体是由借助该液体泵将该液化的备用气体的压力升高到该第二压力而获得的。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括膨胀阀和液体储存罐，其中，处于该第一压力下的该至少部分液化的备用气体在进入该液体储存罐之前通过该膨胀阀膨胀。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，进一步包括：
使来自该再处理热交换器的处于该第二压力下的该备用液体的一部分经过旁通回路。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，该第二压力与该第一压力的压力比在3-1的范围内。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中，该第二压力与该第一压力的压力比在2.5-1.2的范围内。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，该备用气体和该备用液体包括氧。
7.一种用于供应处于升高的压力下的备用气体的系统，包括：
a)再处理热交换器、备用蒸发器和液体泵；
b)第一导管，该第一导管用于将处于第一压力下的备用气体递送到该再处理热交换器的暖端，以及第二导管，该第二导管用于将处于第一压力下的至少部分液化的备用气体从该再处理热交换器的冷端输送到该液体泵中；
c)第三导管，该第三导管用于将处于第二压力下的备用液体从该液体泵的出口递送到该再处理热交换器的冷端中；
d)第四导管，该第四导管用于将处于第二压力下的至少部分蒸发的备用液体从该再处理热交换器的暖端输送到该备用蒸发器；
e)第五导管，该第五导管用于从该备用蒸发器供应处于升高的压力下的该备用气体，并且其中该第二压力高于该第一压力。
8.如权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于，
将膨胀阀和液体储存罐设置在该第二导管上。
9.如权利要求8所述的系统，其特征在于，
该再处理热交换器具有用于处于该第一压力下的该备用气体和处于该第二压力下的该备用液体的单独的流通道，进一步包括旁通回路，其中一端连接到该再处理热交换器内的用于处于该第二压力下的该备用液体的流通道并且一端连接到该第四导管。
10.如权利要求9所述的系统，进一步包括：
设置在该旁通回路上的流量控制阀。
11.如权利要求9所述的系统，其特征在于，
该再处理热交换器包括铝板翅式交换器或印刷板交换器。
12.如权利要求7-11中任一项所述的系统，其中，该第二压力与该第一压力的压力比在3-1的范围内。
13.如权利要求12所述的系统，其中，该第二压力与该第一压力的压力比在2.5-1.2的范围内。
14.如权利要求7-11中任一项所述的系统，其中，该备用气体和该备用液体包括氧。
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