CN101052603A - 铁或钴催化的芳基、烯烃和炔烃与铜试剂的碳-碳偶联反应 - Google Patents

铁或钴催化的芳基、烯烃和炔烃与铜试剂的碳-碳偶联反应 Download PDF

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CN101052603A
CN101052603A CNA2005800346812A CN200580034681A CN101052603A CN 101052603 A CN101052603 A CN 101052603A CN A2005800346812 A CNA2005800346812 A CN A2005800346812A CN 200580034681 A CN200580034681 A CN 200580034681A CN 101052603 A CN101052603 A CN 101052603A
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保罗·克内歇尔
扬尼斯·萨朋特兹
托比亚斯·科恩
林文伟
克里斯蒂娜·夏洛蒂·科芬克
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Ludwig Maximilians Universitaet Muenchen LMU
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Abstract

本发明涉及从芳基、杂环芳基、烯烃或炔烃的铜化合物与含有合适离去基团的芳基、杂芳基、烯烃或炔烃化合物形成碳-碳键的方法。所述铜化合物可由格氏试剂或锂化合物特别通过金属转移作用的方式来制备。这些化合物,如卤素取代芳基化合物的交叉偶联反应通过铁或钴催化剂在合适的溶剂和合适的添加剂中实施。

Description

铁或钴催化的芳基、烯烃和炔烃与铜试剂的碳-碳偶联反应
技术领域
本发明涉及一种起始于芳基、杂环芳基、烯烃或炔烃的一种铜化合物与含有合适离去基团的芳基、杂环芳基、烯烃或炔烃化合物形成碳-碳键的方法。采用例如卤代的芳基化合物的这些化合物的交叉偶联在合适的溶剂中通过铁或钴催化剂来实施。
背景技术
过渡金属催化的交叉偶联是形成碳-碳键非常有效的反应,尤其是在通常的SN2取代反应不可能发生的Csp2(碳sp2杂化轨道)中心之间[1]。芳基-芳基交叉偶联是一种最重要的形成碳-碳键的方法。许多通过这种方式得到的芳香化合物和尤其是杂环芳香化合物引起了农业和制药业以及材料科学领域的极大兴趣。为此,最经常使用可靠的钯(0)催化剂[1,2],主要用在有适当的配体,例如空间位阻的膦类化合物存在时[3]。也发现镍(0)配合物的实际应用,但看起来应用面相对较窄[4]。由于钯价格贵,而镍有毒,因此需要一种价格低廉的无毒催化剂。铁和钴的盐类就是这种价格便宜且无毒的替代物。
在Kochi的研究工作之后[5],近年来,更多的研究集中在铁催化的交叉偶联在交叉偶联反应中的性能[6]。尽管在许多烷基镁试剂和芳基卤代物或芳基磺酸盐间能实现非常有效的交叉偶联,但是由于芳基镁类化合物实质上的自身偶联反应,这种在两个芳基残基之间的催化交叉偶联仍然存在问题,至今还未发现针对这一问题的合成方案[6,7]。然而,在这种情况下发生了芳基卤代物的脱卤反应。
为此,发明人将芳基镁类化合物进行金属转移得到相应的有机锌化合物,该化合物具有降低的形成不稳定的At配合物的倾向[8]。然而,在各种反应条件下,观察不到采用芳基卤代物的芳基锌试剂的催化交叉偶联。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种简单的方法,用于直接在亚芳基、烯烃和炔烃间高产率和低成本的形成碳-碳键。
根据本发明,这一目的通过权利要求1获得。优选的实施方式在从属权利要求中描述。
发明内容
发明人将注意力集中在其它种类的有机金属化合物上,发现1型有机铜化合物在极性溶剂或溶剂混合物中,存在催化量的Fe或Co时,与不同官能化的芳基卤代物(3)反应,生成4型(表1和2)多官能的联芳化合物。
                R1-Ar1-Ar2-R2    (4)
1型有机铜化合物可通过官能化的芳基镁卤代物(2)[10]与CuCN·2LiCl[11]反应而制备。这里和下文中,术语芳基意指芳基、杂芳基、烯烃或炔烃。这些化合物可以是单取代的或多取代的。本发明的基本的特征是在芳基、烯烃或炔烃存在下,其特有的芳基、烯烃或炔烃的特征为反应机制所利用。
本发明的第一个方面涉及一种制备通式4的化合物方法
                R1-Ar1-Ar2-R2    (4)
通过在溶剂中,通过通式(1)的化合物
                R1-Ar1-CuZMgY    (1)
或通式(5)的化合物
                R1-Ar1-CuZLi     (5)
与通式(3)的化合物,
                R2-Ar2-X         (3)
在有Co或Fe催化剂的作用下进行反应,其中
X  可为对亲核取代有用的离去基团;
Y  可为Cl、Br、I;
Z  可为CN、Cl、Br、I、SCN、NR1R2、SR1、PR1R2、烷基、炔基;
R1和R2彼此独立,可以是一种或更多种选自H;取代或未取代的芳基或含有一个或更多杂原子的杂芳基;直链、支链或环取代的或未取代的烷基、烯基、炔基;或其衍生物的取代基;
Ar1和Ar2彼此独立,可以是芳基、稠环芳基或含有一个或更多杂原子的杂环芳基或稠环杂芳基;烯基或炔基;或其衍生物。
离去基团X表示常规用于亲核取代的离去基团。如果可行,作为Ar的基团也可以是被几个取代基取代的满足R定义的基团。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,反应在温度范围为0℃~150℃之间,优选在10℃~120℃之间,甚至更优选在20℃~100℃之间,最优选在25℃~80℃之间进行。
根据另一实施方式,催化剂包括Fe(III)配合物、Fe(III)盐、Fe(II)配合物、Fe(II)盐、或还原形式的Fe盐或配合物,优选为Fe(acac)3
至于铁化合物,任何一种二价铁或三价铁的盐或配合物可被使用,例如举例来说FeCl2、FeCl3、FeBr2、FeBr3、Fe(OAc)2、Fe(OAc)3等,也可使用包含其它氧化态铁的其它铁配合物,也可使用还原的铁配合物,其中铁的氧化态是负价的。
根据另一个实施方式,催化剂包含一种Co(II)或Co(III)催化剂。
根据另一个实施方式,催化剂选自由CoCl2、CoBr2、Co(OAc)2、Co(Bzac)2、CoBr2dppe、Co(acac)2和Co(acac)3组成的组中,优选使用Co(acac)2
至于钴化合物,可使用具有任何氧化态的钴的钴盐或配合物,也可使用钴的氧化态是负价的钴配合物。
根据另一实施方式,在催化反应进行中另外加入乙烯和/或一种或更多种乙烯衍生物,优选贫电子的乙烯衍生物;尤其优选马来酸酐、四氰乙烯、苯乙烯或苯乙烯衍生物;甚至更优选贫电子的苯乙烯衍生物;最优选4-氟苯乙烯。
根据另一实施方式,基于化合物(3)的摩尔总量,加入乙烯或乙烯衍生物的量为在0~50摩尔%间,优选1~30摩尔%,尤其优选5~25摩尔%,最优选10~20摩尔%。
根据另一实施方式,在催化反应中另外加入一种或更多种盐,优选四丁基氯化铵、四丁基溴化铵、碘化钾、碘化锂和/或最优选四丁基碘化铵。
根据另一实施方式,X优选为F、Cl、Br、I、OTf、OTs、N2 +,更优选为Cl或Br、甚至更优选为I。
根据又一实施方式,优选X可为F、Cl、Br、I、OTf、OTs、N2 +,更优选为F、Cl、I或OTs,甚至更优选为Br。
根据另一实施方式,所述溶剂可使用极性溶剂或溶剂混合物,优选醚类溶剂或溶剂混合物,最优选为选自由THF、DME、NMP、DMPU和DMAC组成的组中的溶剂或溶剂混合物。
根据另一实施方式,基于化合物(3)的摩尔总量,化合物(1)或(5)的加入量的摩尔比为0.9~5,优选为1~3,甚至更优选为1.2~2.5。
根据另一实施方式,Z优选为CN。
根据另一实施方式,R1和R2彼此独立,是一种或更多种取代的或未取代的C4~C24芳基或含有一个或更多例如B、O、N、S、Se、P的杂原子的C3~C24的杂环芳基;直链或支链,取代或未取代的C1~C20烷基,C1~C20烯基,C1~C20炔烃基;或取代的或未取代的C3~C20环烷基;或其衍生物。
这种新颖的工艺规程为芳基-芳基交叉偶联的实施提供了一种经济的方法(与Pd催化反应相比大约便宜3倍)。
具体实施方式
在下文中,参考插图,本发明予以更详细的描述。
如果没有另外说明,在这里使用的技术和科学术语具有本发明涉及的领域中的技术人员所理解的同样的含义。
铁催化反应图解
用CuCN·2LiCl[11]与官能化的芳基镁卤代物(2)[10]的反应制得的1型有机铜化合物[9],在DME∶THF(3∶2)混合溶剂中,与不同官能化的芳基卤代物(3)在催化量的Fe(acac)3(10摩尔%)存在下,生成4型多官能联苯化合物(表1和2):
Figure A20058003468100081
插图1:使用芳基碘代物3的铁催化的铜试剂1的交叉偶联
反应在25℃至80℃之间进行。如果使用有机铜试剂(1),自身偶联的程度明显减小,而直接发生交叉偶联反应。3的芳香亲电离去基团的类型也很重要(表1)。因此,PhCu(CN)MgCl(1a)和2-碘二苯甲酮(3a)在25℃下,30分钟内完全反应。没有Fe(acac)3时,30分钟后,观察到的联苯4a不超过5%,反应时间超过48小时后,观察到的转化率仅约54%(表1条目1)。相应地溴代物(2-溴二苯甲酮;条目2)反应也很快,但是30分钟后转化率仅为86%。反应18小时,转化仅获得一点点改善(93%)。类似地,2-氯二苯甲酮也不能得到完全转化(30分钟后为75%;但18小时后仅为77%)。如果使用三氟甲烷磺酸酯(triflat)的取代物(X=OTf),可观察到反应明显减慢。2-氯二苯甲酮能反应的事实表明反应机理中不涉及卤素-铜的交换反应。在缺少铁催化剂时,不能观察到2-氯二苯甲酮发生反应。
有趣的是,对于芳基铜化合物与芳基卤代物的反应,发明人观察到,和Fe(III)催化的烷基镁化合物的反应相比,其反应活性相反,因为后者中的芳基碘化物与芳基溴化合物或氯化物相比,是一类更不合适的底物[7]。因此,发明人研究了这个反应的使用范围,发现显著与官能团相关的化学选择性和相容性。PhCu(CN)MgCl(1a)与2-碘代二苯甲酮(3a)反应是相当快的(30分钟),相应的酮4a的分离产率达到93%(表2条目1)。4-碘代二苯甲酮(3b)在25℃与4h反应,得到所期望的酮4b的产率是80%(条目2)。惹人注意的是,甲基酮例如2-碘代苯基甲基酮(3c)经历铁催化交叉偶联反应,而没有任何竞争的该甲基酮的去质子化作用或羰基的加成反应。邻位或对位含有酯基基团的官能化的芳基镁试剂,例如1b、1c或1d,经过几个小时的交叉偶联反应,也得到收率在68~86%的预期产物4d~f(条目4~6)。因此,空间位阻的官能化的2,2’-取代的联苯基4d以75%的产率制备(条目4)。带有给电子基团的格林试剂,例如1e,也反应良好,得到产率为76%的相应的酮4g(条目7)。带有诸如氰化物(3e)、酰胺(3f)或、酮(3b)的吸电子基团的多种对位取代的芳基碘代物在一个温和的交叉偶联反应中进行反应,并得到50~70%的产物4h~j(条目8~10)。令人惊奇的是,带有三氟甲烷磺酸酯基团的酮试剂1f与2-碘代苯甲酸乙酯3g反应,得到62%的联苯基4k(条目11)。发明人发现芳基碘代物上有吸电子取代基团会加速交叉偶联反应,而给电子取代基基本上使反应减慢。因此,4-碘代苯甲醚在80℃反应12小时后仅得到低的转化率。发明人也比较了2-、3-、4-取代的碘代苯甲酸乙酯(3g~i)与PhCu(CN)MgCl在Fe(acac)3(10摩尔%)存在时发生交叉偶联反应的速率(插图2)。有趣的是,邻位和对位取代的碘代苯甲酸酯3g和3i的反应相对快得多,于此相反,间位取代的酯3h到其完全转化时的反应时间为前者的5倍。这可能表明交叉偶联中最慢的步骤是苯甲酸酯3g~i上的催化活性形式的亲核进攻。本发明的发明人实现了也使用取代的碘代酯3g~i的Pd和Ni催化的交叉偶联,并发现在Pd催化的情况下,对位碘代酯3i反应明显比3g和3h快,然而在Ni催化的情况下,间位碘代酯3h反应最快。这些结果表明Ni、Pd和Fe催化交叉偶联反应的机理是很不一样的,由于它们通过不同的方式受取代基电子的和空间效应的影响。
Figure A20058003468100101
插图2:比较在铁催化交叉偶联反应中,邻位-、间位-和对位-取代的底物
还发现,杂环化合物也适合这种交叉偶联反应。因此,铜试剂1g和1h在标准条件下与碘代物3f和3e反应,得到收率分别为85%和57%的官能化的吲哚4o和吡啶4p(插图3)。
Figure A20058003468100102
插图3:杂环铜化合物的交叉偶联反应
如果使用官能化的芳基碘代物,由相应的有机镁化合物制备的杂芳基和芳基铜化合物的铁催化的交叉偶联可方便地进行。在这方面,贫电子的亲电的碘化物进行交叉偶联反应要容易的多。
钴催化的反应图解
如下列实施例中所示,Co盐也可被用作催化剂。
Figure A20058003468100111
在官能化的芳基或杂芳基镁化合物与官能化的芳基或杂芳基卤代物间发生芳基-芳基偶联反应的关键步骤是芳基镁化合物(R1-Ar-MgCl)金属转移为铜,从而通过这种方式获得R1-ArCu(CN)MgX类型的有机铜。除铜盐CuCN外,CuCl、CuBr、CuI、CuSCN等的盐也可用作金属转移作用中的铜源。
反应在THF、DME和极性助溶剂的溶剂混合物中进行。基于这一目的,可采用NMP、DMPU,但也可采用DMAC。
反应中更重要的组分是加入的盐,例如四丁基碘化铵,和贫电子的苯乙烯衍生物,例如4-氟苯乙烯。除四丁基碘化铵外,还可使用四丁基溴化氨、四丁基氯化铵、碘化钾或碘化锂。
催化剂以钴盐形态被提供。在这方面,发现Co(acac)2最为合适。然而,反应也可被CoCl2、CoBr2、Co(OAc)2、Co(Bzac)2、CoBr2dppe或Co(acac)3催化。
与官能化的有机铜化合物偶联的是官能化的芳基卤代物。基于这一目的,碘代物、溴代物和部分氯代物可被采用。这方面最重要的是溴代物和氯代物,由于它们通常价格低廉,因而与碘代物相比更具有工业应用的吸引力。
利用在本申请中已经描述了的在芳基溴代物和氯代物与芳基铜和芳基镁化合物之间各自进行的交叉偶联反应的方法,芳基氟代物和甲苯磺酸酯(OTs)也可发生反应。
Figure A20058003468100121
如果使用2,3,4,5,6-五氟二苯甲酮5h,两个交叉偶联反应可同时发生。因而,从插图4中可见需要6等份的铜试剂。
Figure A20058003468100131
插图4:Co(acac)3催化的芳基铜衍生物6与芳基氟代物5h的交叉偶联,得到产物7。条件:(a)2,3,4,5,6-五氟二苯甲酮(5h,1等份);芳基铜试剂(6,6等份);Co(acac)3(15摩尔%);DME∶THF∶DMPU(3∶2∶1);4-氟苯乙烯(40摩尔%);Bu4NI(1等份)。
使用极性助溶剂、盐类和苯乙烯衍生物以及钴盐对于与溴代物和氯代物的偶联反应彻底地、快速的进行是必须的。没有这些加入成分,反应发生不完全,或者耗时数日而不是几分钟或几小时。
实施例1:
4’-氰基联苯-4-羧酸乙酯(4h)的合成
在磁力搅拌棒和隔膜条件下,将4-碘代苯甲酸乙酯(855mg,3.10毫摩尔)加到一个25mL施伦克管(Schlenk tube)中,加入DME(5ml),并将溶液冷却至-20℃。然后,加入iPrMgCl(3.3mL,3.0毫摩尔,0.90M的THF溶液)。室温下搅拌反应混合物15分钟,之后,加入CuCN·2LiCl溶液(2.8mL,2.8毫摩尔,1M的THF溶液)。继续搅拌反应混和物10分钟。立即加入溶于DME(3mL)中的4-碘代苯基氰(229mg,1.00毫摩尔)和Fe(acac)3(35mg,0.10毫摩尔)的溶液,然后反应混合物在80℃加热反应3小时。加入盐NH4Cl(水溶液)终止反应,用CH2Cl2(3×40mL)萃取。合并的有机相用盐NH4Cl(水溶液)/NH3(9∶1)(50mL)和盐NaCl(水溶液)(50mL)洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并减压蒸馏去除溶剂。用色谱柱纯化(戊烷/乙醚=9∶1),得到无色固体产物4h(181mg,产率72%)。
实施例2:
不同离去基团X获得的反应速率
根据实施例1的实验方案,用带有不同取代基的二苯甲酮进行反应。2-位上适合的取代基团与获得的相应的转化率列于表1中。
表1:在Fe(acac)3存在时2-取代二苯甲酮与PhCu(CN)MgCl的反应速率
Figure A20058003468100141
  条目   X   转化率(%)[a]
  1234   IBrClOTf   100,(<5)[b],(55)[c]86,(93)[d]75,(77)[d]35,(100)[e]
  5   OTs   0
[a]通过气相色谱(GC)分析反应样品,测定反应30分钟后的转化率;[b]没有Fe(acac)3存在时,反应30分钟后的转化率;[c]没有Fe(acac)3存在时,48小时后的转化率;[d]反应18小时后的转化率;[e]在THF中反应2小时后的转化率。
实施例3:
在Fe催化条件下的反应
根据实施例1的实验方案,表2中所示的所有化合物被合成。在表中所示的合适的离析物1和2反应得到相应的产物4。在表的最后一栏中列出反应的产率。
表2:通过Fe催化的官能化的芳基铜化合物(1)与芳基碘代物的交叉偶联反应得到4型产物
Figure A20058003468100151
Figure A20058003468100161
[a]铜试剂最好表示为ArCu(CN)MgCl;
[b]分析纯的产物收率。
实施例4:
合成1,1’-联苯基-2-羧酸乙酯
在磁力搅拌棒和隔膜条件下,将DME(5ml)加入25mL施伦克管中,加入PhMgCl(1.42mL,1.70毫摩尔,1.2M的THF溶液)和CuCN·2LiCl溶液(1.90mL,1.90毫摩尔,1M的THF溶液),在室温下搅拌溶液大约10分钟。然后,加入DMPU(2.0mL),四丁基碘化铵(1.11g,3.00毫摩尔),4-氟苯乙烯(25mg,0.21毫摩尔),2-溴苯甲酸乙酯(229mg,1.00毫摩尔)和溶于DME(1.0Ml)的Co(acac)3(25.8mg,0.10毫摩尔)溶液。得到的悬浊液在80℃加热15分钟。反应混合物用盐NH4Cl(水溶液)/NH3(4∶1)(2×25mL)萃取,合并的有机相用乙醚(3×50mL)萃取,并用盐NaCl(水溶液)(50mL)洗涤合并的有机相。用Na2SO4干燥后,过滤,和减压蒸馏去除溶剂。用色谱柱纯化(戊烷/乙醚=19∶1),得到无色液体产物(165mg,产率73%)。
实施例5:
合成2’-(4-甲氧基苯甲酰基)-联苯基-4-氰(7g)
向配有搅拌棒和隔膜的25mL施伦克烧瓶中加入iPrMgCl·LiCl(2.63mL,3.15毫摩尔,1.2M的THF溶液)。将溶液冷却至-20℃,并加入4-溴苯基氰(544mg,2.99毫摩尔)。然后,反应混合物升温至0℃,在此温度下搅拌2小时。之后,加入CuCN·2LiCl溶液(3.2mL,3.2毫摩尔,1M的THF溶液)。10分钟后,加入DME(6.0mL)、DMPU(2.0mL)、Bu4NI(370mg,1.00毫摩尔),4-氟苯乙烯(25mg,0.20毫摩尔),Co(acac)2(19.3mg,0.075毫摩尔)和(2-氟苯基)(4-甲氧基苯基)甲酮(methanon)(230mg,1.00毫摩尔)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌0.25小时,用盐NH4Cl(水溶液)/NH3混合物(9∶1)(50mL)骤冷。有机相再次采用盐NH4Cl(水溶液)/NH3混合物(9∶1)(50mL)洗涤,合并水相,用乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)(3×40mL)萃取。合并的有机相采用盐NaCl溶液(50mL)洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,过滤出干燥剂,溶剂采用真空浓缩。用二氧化硅色谱柱纯化(戊烷/乙醚=4∶1),得到无色固体产物7g(271mg,0.87毫摩尔,产率87%,熔程:120.8~122.9℃)。
实施例6:
在Co催化条件下的反应
根据实施例5的实验方案,表3中列出的上述所有产物7被合成。基于这一目的,根据表中所列的合适的离析物5和6以及反应条件,代替实施例5中的方案。产率列于表3中的右边一列中。
表3:Co(acac)2催化的芳基铜衍生物6与芳基氟化物5的交叉偶联反应,得到产物7。
Figure A20058003468100181
表3(续)
Figure A20058003468100191
表3(续)
Figure A20058003468100201
[a]铜试剂最好表示为ArCu(CN)MgCl。
[b]分析纯的产物的收率。
实施例7:
合成(E)-1-(己-1-烯)-4-甲氧基苯
Figure A20058003468100202
向25mL配备了磁力搅拌棒和隔膜的施伦克管中加入溶于DME(5mL)的4-甲氧基苯基格氏试剂(3.75mL,3.00毫摩尔,0.80M的THF溶液),溶液冷却至-20℃,之后加入CuCN·2LiCl溶液(2.8mL,2.8毫摩尔,1M的THF溶液)。反应混和物搅拌10分钟。随后,立即加入溶于DME(3mL)的4-碘己烯(210mg,1.00毫摩尔)和Fe(acac)3(35mg,0.10毫摩尔)的溶液,之后反应混合物在80℃加热反应3小时。通过加入盐NH4Cl(水溶液)终止反应,用CH2Cl2(3×40mL)萃取。合并的有机相用盐NH4Cl(水溶液)/NH3(9∶1)(50mL)和盐NaCl(水溶液)(50mL)洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤,和减压蒸馏去除溶剂。用色谱柱纯化(戊烷/乙醚=19∶1),得到无色油状物(E)-1-(己-1-烯)-4-甲氧基苯(118mg,产率62%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3,25℃):δ=7.19(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.75(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.24(d,J=15.4Hz,1H),6.04-5.94(m,1H),3.70(s,3H),2.00(q,J=6.8Hz,2H),1.41-1.24(m,5H),0.84(t,J=7.7Hz,3H).
13C-NMR(75MHz,CDCl3,25℃):δ=158.58,130.82,129.01,126.93,113.88,55.23,32.67,31.66,22.24,13.93.
MS(70eV,EI):m/z(%):190(37)[M],147(100),134(10),115(11),103(5),91(14),77(4),65(2).
C13H18O的HRMS(190,1358):发现为:190.1337.
实施例8:
合成(Z)-乙基-3-(4-甲氧基苯基)丁烯-2-酯
Figure A20058003468100211
向25mL配备了磁力搅拌棒和隔膜的施伦克管中加入溶于DME(5mL)的4-甲氧基苯基格氏试剂(3.75mL,3.00毫摩尔,0.80M的THF溶液),溶液冷却至-20℃,之后加入CuCN·2LiCl溶液(2.8mL,2.8毫摩尔,1M的THF溶液)。反应混和物搅拌10分钟。随后,立即加入溶于DME(3mL)的(Z)-乙基-3-碘代-丁烯-2-酯(240mg,1.00毫摩尔)和Fe(acac)3(35mg,0.10毫摩尔)的溶液,之后反应混合物在80℃加热反应3小时。通过加入盐NH4Cl(水溶液)终止反应,用CH2Cl2(3×40mL)萃取。合并的有机相用盐NH4Cl(水溶液)/NH3(9∶1)(50mL)和盐NaCl(水溶液)(50mL)洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤,减压蒸馏去除溶剂。用色谱柱纯化(戊烷/乙醚=19∶1),得到无色油状物(Z)-乙基-3-(4-甲氧基苯基)丁烯-2-酯(128mg,产率58%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3,25℃):δ=7.35(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.79(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.02(q,J=1.2Hz,1H),4.12(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),3.75(s,3H),2.46(d,J=1.3Hz,3H),1.22(t,J=7.2Hz,3H).
13C-NMR(75MHz,CDCl3,25℃):δ=167.01,160.37,154.79,134.24,127.57,115.24,113.75,59.62,55.21,17.55,14.28.
MS(70eV,EI):m/z(%):220(95)[M],191(10),175(100),148(57),132(10),115(15),91(13),77(10).
C13H16O3的HRMS(220,1099):发现为:220.1088.
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Claims (14)

1、一种通式4的化合物的制备方法:
                    R1-Ar1-Ar2-R2    (4)
通式(1)的化合物
                    R1-Ar1-CuZMgY    (1)
或通式(5)的化合物
                    R1-Ar1-CuZLi     (5)
与通式(3)的化合物
                    R2-Ar2-X     (3)
在溶剂中,在Co或Fe催化剂作用下进行反应,其中
X可为对亲核取代有用的离去基团;
Y可为Cl、Br、I;
Z可为CN、Cl、Br、I、SCN、NR1R2、SR1、PR1R2、烷基、炔基;
R1和R2彼此独立,可为一种或更多种选自H;取代或未取代的芳基或含有一个或更多杂原子的杂芳基;直链、支链或环取代的或未取代的烷基、烯基、炔基;或其衍生物的取代基;
Ar1和Ar2彼此独立,可为芳基、稠环芳基,含有一个或更多杂原子的杂芳基或稠环杂芳基;烯基或炔基;或其衍生物。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述反应在温度范围为0℃~150℃之间,优选10℃~120℃之间,甚至更优选20℃~100℃之间,最优选25℃~80℃之间进行。
3、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述催化剂包括Fe(III)配合物、Fe(III)盐、Fe(II)配合物、Fe(II)盐,或还原形式的Fe盐或配合物,优选Fe(acac)3
4、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述催化剂包括Co(II)或Co(III)催化剂,或还原形式的Co盐或配合物。
5、根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述催化剂选自由CoCl2、CoBr2、Co(OAc)2、Co(Bzac)2、CoBr2dppe、Co(acac)2和Co(acac)3所组成的组中,优选使用Co(acac)2
6、根据权利要求4或5所述的方法,其中在所述催化反应进行中另外加入乙烯和/或一种或多种乙烯衍生物,优选贫电子的乙烯衍生物,尤其优选马来酸酐、四氰基乙烯、苯乙烯或苯乙烯衍生物,甚至更优选贫电子的苯乙烯衍生物,最优选4-氟苯乙烯。
7、根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中基于化合物(3)的摩尔量,加入乙烯或乙烯衍生物的量在0~50摩尔%之间,优选1~30摩尔%,尤其优选5~25摩尔%,最优选10~20摩尔%。
8、根据权利要求4~6中的一项或多项所述的方法,其中在所述催化反应中另外加入一种或更多种盐,优选为四丁基氯化铵、四丁基溴化铵、碘化钾、碘化锂和/或最优选为四丁基碘化铵。
9、根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中X优选为F、Cl、Br、I、OTf、OTs、N2 +,更优选为Cl或Br,甚至更优选为I。
10、根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中X优选为F、Cl、Br、I、OTf、OTs、N2 +,更优选为F、Cl、I或OTs,甚至更优选为Br。
11、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述溶剂使用极性溶剂或溶剂混合物,优选为醚类溶剂或溶剂混合物,最优选为选自由THF、DME、NMP、DMPU和DMAC所组成的组中的溶剂或溶剂混合物。
12、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中基于化合物(3)的摩尔量,加入化合物(1)或(5)的摩尔比为0.9~5,优选为1~3,甚至更优选为1.2~2.5。
13、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中Z优选为CN。
14、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中R1和R2彼此独立,可为取代的或未取代的C4~C24的芳基或含有一个或更多杂原子例如B、O、N、S、Se、P的C3~C24的杂芳基;直链或支链的,取代或未取代的C1~C20的烷基、C1~C20的烯基、C1~C20的炔基;或取代的或未取代的C3~C20环烷基;或其衍生物。
CNA2005800346812A 2004-10-11 2005-10-11 铁或钴催化的芳基、烯烃和炔烃与铜试剂的碳-碳偶联反应 Pending CN101052603A (zh)

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