CN101052312A - 用于改进宠物中的氧化状态的组合物 - Google Patents
用于改进宠物中的氧化状态的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101052312A CN101052312A CNA2004800192237A CN200480019223A CN101052312A CN 101052312 A CN101052312 A CN 101052312A CN A2004800192237 A CNA2004800192237 A CN A2004800192237A CN 200480019223 A CN200480019223 A CN 200480019223A CN 101052312 A CN101052312 A CN 101052312A
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- methionine
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Abstract
提供了含硫氨基酸,如甲硫氨酸、半胱氨酸或其混合物的水平增加的用于增加猫科动物体内抗氧化剂水平的食物组合物。也提供了用这些组合物增加幼年宠物体内的抗氧化剂水平的方法。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求2003年7月7日提交的美国临时申请No.60/485,194的权益,在此全文引入该申请作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及宠物饮食组合物,更具体涉及用于增加宠物中血液抗氧化剂水平和/或氧自由基吸收能力的宠物饮食组合物和方法。
背景技术
氧化应激可以由体内过多的自由基和/或抗氧化剂水平降低导致。认为很多疾病和状况与氧化应激的增加相关。然而,还没有可以利用的用于减少氧化应激的有效饮食方法。
发明概述
因此,本发明人成功发现了喂饲包含含硫抗氧化剂,特别是含硫氨基酸的饮食组合物,通过增加血液抗氧化剂水平减少氧化应激。
因此,在多种实施方案中,本发明包括用于增加宠物中血液抗氧化剂水平的方法。宠物可以是幼年宠物,如小猫或小狗,或成年宠物,如猫或狗。术语“猫”和“猫科动物”在此处可以互换使用。该方法可以包括给宠物,特别是猫,喂饲有效量的包含至少一种含硫抗氧化剂的饮食。含硫抗氧化剂可以是,特别是含硫氨基酸。在多种实施方案中,含硫抗氧化剂可以是除硫辛酸之外的含硫抗氧化剂。在多种实施方案中,猫科动物可以是幼年猫科动物。
在多种实施方案中,本发明也可以包括适于喂饲幼年宠物的饮食组合物。饮食组合物可以包含含硫抗氧化剂,特别是含硫氨基酸,其含量能够有效增加血液抗氧化剂水平。含硫抗氧化剂可以是除硫辛酸之外的含硫抗氧化剂。
在多种实施方案中,宠物可以是猫科动物,猫科动物可以是幼年猫科动物。在多种实施方案中,宠物可以是狗,特别是小狗。
在多种实施方案中,含硫抗氧化剂可以包括含硫氨基酸,包括半胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸、牛磺酸、谷胱甘肽、s-腺苷酰基甲硫氨酸、n-乙酰基半胱氨酸、胱硫醚、半胱磺酸、半胱氨酸亚磺酸、胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸砜、甲硫氨酸亚砜、甜菜碱、甲硫氨酸的甲基羟基类似物及其混合物,或所述含硫氨基酸的甲酯,例如甲硫氨酸甲酯。具体地,对于涉及猫的组合物和方法,含硫抗氧化剂可以是浓度为例如约0.8wt.%-约1.5wt.%的甲硫氨酸;浓度为例如约0.2wt.%-约0.7wt.%的半胱氨酸;总浓度为例如约1.0wt.%-约2.2wt.%的半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸的混合物。对于涉及狗的组合物和方法,含硫抗氧化剂可以是浓度为例如约0.3wt.%-约0.6wt.%的甲硫氨酸;浓度为例如约0.15wt.%-约0.4wt.%的半胱氨酸;总浓度为例如约0.45wt.%-约1wt.%的半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸的混合物。
在多种实施方案中,抗氧化剂水平的增加可以由血液牛磺酸浓度增加、血液氧自由基吸收能力增加、血液维生素E浓度增加或其组合表示。抗氧化剂水平的增加可以产生认知功能改进、脑衰老减少、DNA破坏减少、来自于运动的氧化应激减少、免疫功能改进、糖尿病控制改进、心血管疾病控制改进、胃肠道疾病控制改进、幼年动物的生长表现增加和成年猫科动物寿命增加。
发明详述
本发明提供用于增加宠物,特别是猫科动物中血液抗氧化剂水平的组合物和方法。所述组合物和方法可以涉及一种饮食,其中包含至少一种含硫抗氧化剂,特别是含硫氨基酸,其浓度能有效增加宠物中的血液抗氧化剂水平和/或氧自由基吸收能力。
在多种实施方案中,组合物和方法可以用于宠物,如任何年龄的猫或狗。幼年宠物,如小猫或小狗可以是最多约1岁的动物;成年动物可以是年龄为约1岁到约7岁的猫和年龄为约1岁到约5-7岁的狗,取决于品种;老年动物可以是大于约7岁的猫和狗。在多种实施方案中,本发明的组合物和方法可以用于幼年宠物,如从出生到大约1岁的小猫或小狗。
饮食抗氧化剂,或其前体可以定义为“食物中显著减少反应性物质,如反应性氧和氮物质对人体的正常生理功能的副作用的物质”。(Dietary Reference Intakes of Vitamin C,Vitamin E,Selenium,andCarotenoids,Food and Nutrition Board Institute of Medicine,NationalAcademy Press,Washington,D.C.,April,2000,p.42,在此全文引入所述文献作为参考)。
自然界存在多种抗氧化剂,并且许多这样的抗氧化剂是含硫抗氧化剂。例如,尽管不希望受到理论机制的限制,认为含硫氨基酸-甲硫氨酸具有自由基清除活性,这是因为其含有可氧化的硫,并且其具有螯合能力。甲硫氨酸也可以作为其它抗氧化化合物,例如半胱氨酸的前体。作为另一个例子,含硫氨基酸-半胱氨酸也含有可氧化的硫,并且该氨基酸可以作为抗氧化剂谷胱苷肽的前体。在其它含硫抗氧化剂的例子中,磺酸氨基酸-牛磺酸被认为通过与在细胞吞噬过程中产生的过量次氯酸盐反应形成N-氯牛磺酸而作为抗氧化剂。具体地,含硫抗氧化剂的非限定性实例包括含硫氨基酸,包括半胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸、牛磺酸、谷胱甘肽、s-腺苷酰基甲硫氨酸、n-乙酰基半胱氨酸、胱硫醚、半胱磺酸、半胱氨酸亚磺酸、胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸砜、甲硫氨酸亚砜、甜菜碱、甲硫氨酸的甲基羟基类似物、除上述列出的之外的含硫氨基酸、氨基酸的甲酯,例如甲硫氨酸甲酯等,包括其它表现出上述特性的含硫物质。
本发明的含硫抗氧化剂或含硫氨基酸可以是天然存在的或合成的物质。在多种实施方案中,含硫抗氧化剂包括除硫辛酸之外的抗氧化剂。
可以给狗和猫提供总含硫抗氧化剂,作为含硫氨基酸,例如甲硫氨酸、半胱氨酸和胱氨酸、甜菜碱和甲硫氨酸的甲基羟基类似物。这些氨基酸和其它氨基酸可以以纯的形式作为d-异构体和s-异构体提供,或者可以通过富含含硫氨基酸的成分提供,所述成分如禽类副产物粗粉、大豆粗粉、玉米麸粗粉等。提供的表1指出了甲硫氨酸、半胱氨酸和总含硫氨基酸(TSAA)的可接受水平,即,甲硫氨酸和半胱氨酸的总浓度。
表1
犬科动物 | 猫科动物 | |
Met | 0.3-0.6% | 0.8-1.5% |
Cys | 0.15-0.4% | 0.2-0.7% |
TSAA | 0.45-1% | 1-2.2% |
本发明提供了用于哺乳动物,特别是宠物,更具体是用于狗或猫的食物组合物,其中含硫抗氧化剂,如氨基酸甲硫氨酸的水平增加。向猫食或狗食中加入含硫氨基酸可以增加体内的抗氧化剂水平,并且可以提供幼年动物的生长增加、增加成年的动物的寿命、并且有助于控制老年动物中与衰老相关的问题。
说明书和权利要求书中使用的术语″wt%″是指基于干物质的重量百分比。
当宠物的氧化状态能够从抗氧化剂水平增加受益时,如生长期中的幼年动物、需要抗氧化剂作为与氧化应激相关的疾病状态的预防手段、以及在已经证明具有与氧化应激相关的健康问题,如认知能力降低的衰老动物中,上述组合物和方法特别有用。
含有这些额外的含硫氨基酸的基础食物组合物可以是典型用于宠物的营养完全的饮食,并且适于动物的饮食需要。可以添加适当的其它营养物质,包括提供健康益处的营养学化合物。
可以使用罐装的或干燥的食物。湿的猫食或狗食一般具有超过大约65%的水分含量。半湿的猫食或狗食一般具有大约20%-大约65%的水分含量,并且可以包含保湿剂、山梨酸钾和其它成分,以防止微生物生长(细菌和霉菌)。干的猫食或狗食(粗磨食物)一般具有低于约10%的水分含量,并且其加工一般包括挤出、干燥和/或热烘烤。
可以通过本领域公知的合适手段测量含硫氨基酸的水平。可以向饲料中加入总含硫氨基酸水平、甲硫氨酸水平和半胱氨酸水平的最大值,直到所述氨基酸的毒性水平。含硫氨基酸的毒性水平可以定义为导致存在的其它氨基酸水平的总体不平衡的氨基酸水平。狗和猫的含硫氨基酸的毒性水平也是本领域公知的。例如,美国饲料控制协会不允许猫食中的甲硫氨酸水平超过1.5wt%。
提供于本发明的食物组合物中的含硫氨基酸,如甲硫氨酸、半胱氨酸及其混合物为约0.15-约2.2wt%。合适的代表性最小含硫氨基酸浓度包括约0.15、约0.2、约0.3、约0.45、约0.8、约1、约1.2和约1.4wt%。合适的代表性的最大含硫氨基酸浓度包括约0.5、约0.7、约1、约1.5和约2.2wt%。本发明优选的是约0.15-约1.5wt%的含硫氨基酸浓度。本发明的实施另外优选的是约0.3-约1wt%的含硫氨基酸浓度。本发明的实施特别优选的是约0.3-约0.6wt%的含硫氨基酸浓度。
甲硫氨酸可以以至少约0.15%、至少约0.3wt.%、至少约0.4wt.%、至少约0.6wt.%、至少约0.8wt.%、至少约0.9%wt.%、至少约1wt.%、至少约1.1wt.%,直到约1.5%或更高的浓度存在于本发明的饮食组合物中。半胱氨酸可以以至少约0.15wt.%、至少0.2wt.%、约至少约0.3wt.%、至少约0.4wt.%、至少约0.5wt.%,直到约0.7%或更高的浓度存在于本发明的饮食组合物中。甲硫氨酸和半胱氨酸的组合也可以以至少约0.3wt.%、至少约0.45wt.%、至少约0.6wt.%、至少约0.8wt.%、至少约1.0wt.%、至少约1.2wt.%、至少约1.4wt.%、至少约1.5wt.%、至少约1.6wt.%,直到约2.2wt.%的总含硫氨基酸浓度存在。
当使用术语“食物”时,这不仅可以表示一般提供宠物的大多数(如果不是全部)营养价值的食品,也可以指诸如小吃、招待、补充物等的项目。
可以给需要改进抗氧化剂水平的任何哺乳动物,特别是宠物,如狗或猫提供食物组合物,从而导致生长速度的改进,或辅助解决由衰老导致的健康问题。
已经观察到了包含增加水平的甲硫氨酸、半胱氨酸或其混合物的本发明的组合物提供的益处,如下面在生长中的小猫中的作为体重增长速度的增加的数据所提供的观察结果。
实施例1
该实施例说明了具有增加量的甲硫氨酸的食物组合物对小猫中的生长表现的影响。
在生长中的小猫中增加饮食甲硫氨酸到高于NRC(1986)和AAFCO(2001)估计值。这些结果表明,在罐装猫食中1.2-1.5wt%的甲硫氨酸水平改进了生长中的小猫血液中的氧自由基吸收能力和维生素E浓度,从而改进了生长中的小猫的抗氧化状态。
以三个水平(0.77、1.14和1.50%)给生长中的小猫喂饲饮食甲硫氨酸,以确定甲硫氨酸对生长表现和抗氧化活性的影响。在断奶后给小猫喂饲10周基于肉的罐装饮食。与喂饲0.77wt%饮食甲硫氨酸的猫相比,喂饲1.14wt%和1.50wt%饮食甲硫氨酸的猫每周体重增长有增加(表2)。在10周生长试验结束时,更大的每周生长速度导致小猫体重更重。数据证明了幼年小猫需要比目前NRC(1986)估计值更多的甲硫氨酸。因此,甲硫氨酸是基于肉的罐装饮食中的对于生长的限制性营养物。
在试验第5周,与喂饲0.77wt%甲硫氨酸的小猫相比,喂饲含有1.50wt%饮食甲硫氨酸的小猫具有更高的血液牛磺酸浓度、氧自由基吸收能力(ORAC)和维生素E浓度(表2)。在试验第10周,与喂饲0.77wt%饮食甲硫氨酸的小猫相比,喂饲1.50wt%饮食甲硫氨酸的小猫具有更高的全血牛磺酸和血清维生素E浓度。在第10周,饮食甲硫氨酸没有增加氧自由基吸收能力。
数据说明,对于刚刚断奶后的小猫,在饮食甲硫氨酸与血液ORAC和维生素E浓度之间存在联系。在喂饲更多饮食甲硫氨酸的小猫中血清抗氧化剂水平(维生素E)和自由基吸收能力(ORAC)的增加提示饮食甲硫氨酸和血液抗氧化活性正相关。在试验的前5周,对饮食甲硫氨酸的反应更大,比试验的最后五周更明显。
对于生长中的小猫,NRC(1986)对饮食甲硫氨酸的估计值为0.45wt%,AAFCO(2001)的估计值为0.62%。下面表2和表3中提供的数据表明,为了改进抗氧化状态和自由基吸收能力,喂饲湿宠物食物的小猫需要的甲硫氨酸是约1.2-约1.5wt%。
表2
甲硫氨酸补充对小猫生长表现的影响
饮食甲硫氨酸,wt% | 对照(P值) | |||||
0.77 | 1.14 | 1.50 | 线性的 | 二次的 | CV | |
每周增长,g总增长,g最终体重,g | 95.00950.001518.75 | 107.501075.001612.50 | 122.141221.431792.86 | 0.350.350.35 | 0.060.060.06 | 21.9221.9214.43 |
表3
甲硫氨酸补充对血液代谢物的影响
代谢物 | 饮食甲硫氨酸,wt% | 对照(P值) | ||||
0.77 | 1.14 | 1.50 | 线性的 | 二次的 | CV | |
第5周牛磺酸ORAC维生素E | 575.632521.8415.63 | 630.002694.5119.86 | 783.713164.3630.19 | 0.020.020.01 | 0.020.500.14 | 17.3817.1320.96 |
第10周牛磺酸ORAC维生素E | 625.752972.5320.74 | 616.132503.3824.24 | 784.573013.3125.13 | 0.020.860.10 | 0.180.020.55 | 18.3915.8820.92 |
Claims (24)
1.用于增加猫科动物中血液抗氧化剂水平的方法,该方法包括给猫科动物喂饲有效量的包含至少一种除硫辛酸之外的含硫抗氧化剂的饮食。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述猫科动物是小猫。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中所述含硫抗氧化剂是选自半胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸、牛磺酸、谷胱甘肽、s-腺苷酰基甲硫氨酸、n-乙酰基半胱氨酸、胱硫醚、半胱磺酸、半胱氨酸亚磺酸、胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸砜、甲硫氨酸亚砜、甜菜碱、甲硫氨酸的甲基羟基类似物及其混合物的含硫氨基酸,或一种或多种所述含硫氨基酸的甲酯。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中所述含硫抗氧化剂是选自甲硫氨酸、半胱氨酸以及半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸的混合物的氨基酸。
5.权利要求4的方法,其中甲硫氨酸以约0.8wt.%-约1.5wt.%的浓度存在。
6.权利要求4的方法,其中半胱氨酸以约0.2wt.%-约0.7wt.%的量存在。
7.权利要求4的方法,其中半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸的混合物以约1.0wt.%-约2.2wt.%的总量存在。
8.权利要求1的方法,其中改进的抗氧化剂水平由血液牛磺酸浓度增加、血液氧自由基吸收能力增加、血液维生素E浓度增加或其组合表示。
9.权利要求1的方法,其中增加的抗氧化剂水平提供了选自下组的益处:认知功能改进、脑衰老减少、DNA破坏减少、来自于运动的氧化应激减少、免疫功能改进、糖尿病控制改进、心血管疾病控制改进、胃肠道疾病控制改进、幼年动物的生长表现增加和成年猫科动物寿命增加。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中增加的抗氧化剂水平增加小猫的生长表现。
11.适用于喂饲幼年宠物的饮食组合物,该组合物包含除硫辛酸之外的含硫抗氧化剂,其含量能有效增加血液抗氧化剂水平。
12.权利要求11的组合物,其中所述含硫抗氧化剂是选自半胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸、牛磺酸、谷胱甘肽、s-腺苷酰基甲硫氨酸、n-乙酰基半胱氨酸、胱硫醚、半胱磺酸、半胱氨酸亚磺酸、胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸砜、甲硫氨酸亚砜、甜菜碱、甲硫氨酸的甲基羟基类似物及其混合物的含硫氨基酸,或一种或多种所述含硫氨基酸的甲酯。
13.权利要求11的组合物,其中所述含硫抗氧化剂是选自甲硫氨酸、半胱氨酸以及半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸的混合物的氨基酸。
14.权利要求13的组合物,其中所述幼年宠物是小猫。
15.权利要求14的组合物,其中甲硫氨酸以约0.8wt.%-约1.5wt.%的浓度存在。
16.权利要求14的组合物,其中半胱氨酸以约0.2wt.%-约0.7wt.%的量存在。
17.权利要求14的组合物,其中半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸的混合物以约1.0wt.%-约2.2wt.%的总量存在。
18.权利要求13的组合物,其中所述幼年宠物是小狗。
19.权利要求18的组合物,其中甲硫氨酸以约0.3wt.%-约0.6wt.%的浓度存在。
20.权利要求18的组合物,其中半胱氨酸以约0.15wt.%-约0.4wt.%的量存在。
21.权利要求18的组合物,其中半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸的混合物以约0.45wt.%-约1wt.%的总量存在。
22.权利要求11的组合物,其中增加的抗氧化剂水平由血液牛磺酸浓度增加、血液氧自由基吸收能力增加、血液维生素E浓度增加或其组合表示。
23.权利要求11的组合物,其中增加的抗氧化剂水平提供了选自下组的益处:认知功能改进、脑衰老减少、DNA破坏减少、来自于运动的氧化应激减少、免疫功能改进、糖尿病控制改进、心血管疾病控制改进、胃肠道疾病控制改进、幼年动物的生长表现增加和成年猫科动物寿命增加。
24.权利要求23的组合物,其中增加的抗氧化剂水平增加小猫的生长表现。
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US (3) | US20050014698A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1641352B2 (zh) |
JP (3) | JP2007525201A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101052312B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE480152T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2004257683B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0412332A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2529377C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE602004029039D1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK1641352T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2349927T3 (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA05013251A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2358440C2 (zh) |
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CN102326675A (zh) * | 2011-09-09 | 2012-01-25 | 南京农业大学 | 一种抗氧化饲料添加剂及其应用 |
CN102481277A (zh) * | 2009-09-30 | 2012-05-30 | 株式会社资生堂 | 紫外线损伤减轻口服组合物 |
CN102657297A (zh) * | 2012-05-30 | 2012-09-12 | 扬州大学 | 一种调控高产奶牛围产期氧化应激的方法 |
CN110537630A (zh) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-12-06 | 天津农学院 | 1,2二硫戊环-3-戊酸的应用、幼犬鲜粮和延长幼犬鲜粮贮藏期的方法 |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102481277A (zh) * | 2009-09-30 | 2012-05-30 | 株式会社资生堂 | 紫外线损伤减轻口服组合物 |
CN101828646A (zh) * | 2010-05-25 | 2010-09-15 | 中国农业大学 | 一种抗热应激饲料添加剂及其应用 |
CN102326675A (zh) * | 2011-09-09 | 2012-01-25 | 南京农业大学 | 一种抗氧化饲料添加剂及其应用 |
CN102657297A (zh) * | 2012-05-30 | 2012-09-12 | 扬州大学 | 一种调控高产奶牛围产期氧化应激的方法 |
CN114040681A (zh) * | 2019-06-06 | 2022-02-11 | 马斯公司 | 口腔微生物群的调节 |
CN110537630A (zh) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-12-06 | 天津农学院 | 1,2二硫戊环-3-戊酸的应用、幼犬鲜粮和延长幼犬鲜粮贮藏期的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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RU2006103371A (ru) | 2006-06-10 |
RU2358440C2 (ru) | 2009-06-20 |
CN101052312B (zh) | 2013-02-13 |
US20050014698A1 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
JP2017014227A (ja) | 2017-01-19 |
BRPI0412332A (pt) | 2006-09-05 |
US20140316005A1 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
CA2529377A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
JP6389214B2 (ja) | 2018-09-12 |
EP1641352B2 (en) | 2019-06-19 |
MXPA05013251A (es) | 2006-03-09 |
ES2349927T3 (es) | 2011-01-13 |
ZA200600175B (en) | 2007-04-25 |
AU2004257683B2 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
DK1641352T3 (da) | 2010-12-06 |
DE602004029039D1 (de) | 2010-10-21 |
CA2529377C (en) | 2012-06-19 |
EP1641352B1 (en) | 2010-09-08 |
JP2013082713A (ja) | 2013-05-09 |
AU2004257683A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
EP1641352A1 (en) | 2006-04-05 |
JP2007525201A (ja) | 2007-09-06 |
ATE480152T1 (de) | 2010-09-15 |
WO2005006878A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
JP6334086B2 (ja) | 2018-05-30 |
US8835497B2 (en) | 2014-09-16 |
US20100234461A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
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