CN101048165B - 用于制备二膦酸盐的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及式(I)的3-(N-甲基-N-戊基)氨基-1-羟基丙烷-1,1-二膦酸一钠盐一水合物的新的多步骤合成方法。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于制备下式的3-(N-甲基-N-戊基)氨基-1-羟基丙烷-1,1-二膦酸一钠盐一水合物(伊班膦酸盐(Ibandronate))的方法。
伊班膦酸盐是一种直接抑制破骨细胞活性的最有效的抗再吸收药,并且目前是用于控制高钙血症的有效药物替换物。伊班膦酸盐结合于钙化骨的羟磷灰石,使其对磷酸酶的水解溶解作用具有抵抗力,从而同时抑制正常的和异常的骨再吸收。这种药物增加骨质并且降低骨折危险,因此特别适用于骨和钙代谢疾病,例如骨质疏松或佩吉特氏病(EP-A 0252504)。
为了制备伊班膦酸盐,以下方法是现有技术中已知的并且已经被考虑过了。
例如,EP 0402152公开了在三卤化磷、亚磷酸和甲磺酸的存在下,以一步进行的4-氨基-1-羟基亚丁基-1-二膦酸一钠三水合物晶体的制备。该方法允许反应混合物保持为流体。
WO 03/097655公开了一种二膦酸的制备,包括在稀释剂存在下将羧酸与亚磷酸和磷酰氯结合的步骤。所述稀释剂包括芳族烃如甲苯、二甲苯和苯,或者惰性硅氧烷流体如聚二甲基硅氧烷和聚甲基苯基硅氧烷。
然而,上述技术中描述的方法在产率和纯度方面不令人满意。
因此,本发明的一个目的是发现一种在高产率和很少残留副产物的情况下制备伊班膦酸盐的新的方法。
已经发现,采用本发明的方法能够实现上述目的,所述方法包括:
(a)将N-戊胺与苯甲醛缩合,制备式II的N-苯亚甲基-N-戊胺,
(b)用甲基化试剂将N-苯亚甲基-N-戊胺转化成N-甲基-N-戊胺,
(c)用丙烯酸甲酯将N-甲基-N-戊胺转化成式III的N-甲基-N-戊基-β-丙氨酸甲酯,
(d)水解N-甲基-N-戊基-β-丙氨酸甲酯并且随后形成氢卤化物,制备式IV的化合物
其中X是卤素,
(e)用磷酰氯和亚磷酸将式IV的化合物二磷酸化,并且在加入氢氧化钠后形成一钠盐一水合物。
本发明方法的第一步骤a)包括N-戊胺与苯甲醛的缩合,制备式II的N-苯亚甲基-N-戊胺。
该缩合反应可以在合适的溶剂如脂族醇中,在40℃~90℃的反应温度进行,优选在甲醇中在70℃~75℃进行。
本发明方法的第二步骤b)包括用甲基化试剂将N-苯亚甲基-N-戊胺转化成N-甲基-N-戊胺。
使用的甲基化试剂如甲基卤化物或硫酸二甲酯,但是优选使用硫酸二甲酯。反应通常在80℃~110℃、优选90℃~100℃的温度进行。可以任选通过水蒸汽蒸馏除去产生的苯甲醛,并且可以采用本领域技术人员已知的任何方法从水相中分离得到的N-甲基-N-戊胺,例如通过加入碱,并且 用合适的有机溶剂如脂族醚、优选二异丙醚萃取碱性溶液分离N-甲基-N-戊胺。该产物可以例如通过蒸馏进一步纯化。
在本发明方法的第三步骤(c)中,用丙烯酸甲酯将N-甲基-N-戊胺转化成式III的N-甲基-N-戊基-β-丙氨酸甲酯。
该步转化可以在合适的溶剂如脂族醇、脂族醚或醚/醇混合物中,但是优选在甲醇中,在10℃~65℃、优选15℃~25℃的反应温度进行。N-甲基-N-戊基-β-丙氨酸甲酯的分离可以通过本领域技术人员已知的技术,例如通过蒸馏进行。
在本发明方法的步骤(d)中,水解N-甲基-N-戊基-β-丙氨酸甲酯和随后形成氢卤化物,制备式IV的化合物。
所述水解通常通过以下方法进行:在稀释的无机酸中,但是优选至少在水中,将N-甲基-N-戊基-β-丙氨酸甲酯回流,直至再也检测不到离析的酯为止。随后的氢卤化物的形成,如氢溴化物或氢氯化物、优选氢氯化物(X=Cl)的形成,通常是通过加入盐酸水溶液进行的。通过水的蒸馏,并且通过在合适的溶剂如甲苯/丙酮或甲基乙基酮中、优选在甲基乙基酮中进行残余物的结晶,可以分离出得到的N-甲基-N-戊基-β-丙氨酸盐酸盐。
本发明的步骤(e)包括用磷酰氯和亚磷酸将式IV化合物二磷酸化,并且形成一钠盐一水合物。
N-甲基-N-戊基-β-丙氨酸盐酸盐的二磷酸化可以在非芳族溶剂的存在下或者在不存在溶剂的情况下进行。优选使用非芳族溶剂。
合适的非芳族溶剂是磷酸酯,膦酸酯或碳酸酯。优选的溶剂是碳酸二乙酯。
作为磷酸化试剂,使用磷酰氯和亚磷酸的混合物。N-甲基-N-戊基-β-丙氨酸盐酸盐/磷酰氯/亚磷酸的摩尔比通常选自1∶3∶3至1∶1.4∶2.4,优选1∶1.6∶2.4至1∶1.4∶2.4。
在二磷酸化过程中,适宜将反应温度保持在60℃~100℃、优选80℃~90℃的范围内。
在使用非芳族溶剂的情况下,理想的是通过加入水并且随后进行共沸蒸馏将其除去。
为了分离3-(N-甲基-N-戊基)氨基-1-羟基丙烷-1,1-二膦酸的一钠盐一 水合物,在约20℃~25℃范围内的温度,用氢氧化钠水溶液将剩余水性反应混合物的pH调节到pH约3.5~6、优选4.4~4.5。
可以将如此获得的伊班膦酸盐在合适的溶剂如脂族醇/水或脂族酮/水中、优选在乙醇/水和丙酮/水中结晶。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种用于制备式I的3-(N-甲基-N-戊基)氨基-1-羟基丙烷-1,1-二膦酸一钠盐一水合物的方法,
该方法包括用磷酰氯和亚磷酸将式IV化合物二磷酸化,
其中X是卤素,
以及形成一钠盐一水合物。
该方法的优选实施方案描述于如上的步骤e)中。步骤e)的描述通过引用结合在此。
本发明的方法可以以优异的产率和质量制备式I的3-(N-甲基-N-戊基)氨基-1-羟基丙烷-1,1-二膦酸一钠盐一水合物。
实施例:
a)N-苯亚甲基-N-戊胺的制备
在22℃的温度将100g(1.15mol)N-戊胺加入到200ml甲醇中。加入121.8g(1.15mol)苯甲醛。回流混合物,并且随后蒸馏除去甲醇。将剩余的N-苯亚甲基-N-戊胺(199.8g(99.4%))用于下一步骤。
b)N-甲基-N-戊胺的制备
将60g(475.7mmol)硫酸二甲酯和67g(382.2mmol)N-苯亚甲基-N-戊胺在90-100℃的温度搅拌,并且向混合物中加入117ml纯水。通过水蒸汽蒸馏除去产生的苯甲醛。加入133ml二异丙醚和54ml氢氧化钠溶液(50%)。分离水层。蒸馏出二异丙醚。向残余物中加入3.3g氢氧化钠薄片以结合残留的水。通过蒸馏纯化残余物,N-甲基-N-戊胺粗品(29.4g;76%)。
c)N-甲基-N-戊基-β-丙氨酸甲酯的制备
将106g(1.05mol)N-甲基-N-戊胺加入到0-5℃温度的冷却甲醇中。向溶液中加入108g(1.25mol)丙烯酸甲酯并且将混合物在室温搅拌8小时。然后真空蒸馏除去甲醇,并且通过蒸馏纯化残余物,从而获得188.6g
N-甲基-N-戊基-β-丙氨酸甲酯(96.1%)。
d)N-甲基-N-戊基-β-丙氨酸盐酸盐的制备
通过与138ml水一起回流,将68.8g(367.4mmol)N-甲基-N-戊基-β-丙氨酸甲酯水解。然后将水部分蒸馏除去,并且加入83ml(472.7mmol)盐酸(19%)。再次蒸馏除去水,并且加入230ml甲基乙基酮以通过共沸蒸馏除去残余的水。然后将反应混合物冷却到24℃。分离结晶产物,并且用甲基乙基酮洗涤,随后在真空中干燥。获得63.7g(82.7%)N-甲基-N-戊基-β-丙氨酸盐酸盐。
e1)在作为稀释剂的碳酸二乙酯存在下,制备3-(N-甲基-N-戊基)氨基-1-羟基丙烷-1,1-二膦酸一钠盐一水合物。
将250g(1.19mol)N-甲基-N-戊基-β-丙氨酸盐酸盐、233g(2.84mol)亚磷酸、151ml(1.65mol)磷酰氯和900ml碳酸二乙酯逐步加热到80℃。在连续加热下反应2小时后,将混合物冷却到60℃,并且加入1733ml水,接着在90~101℃进行碳酸二乙酯/水的共沸蒸馏。加入358ml水,回流混合物并且蒸馏出水。加入316ml水并且两次蒸馏除去水。最后加入2040ml水,并且将残余物冷却到24℃。在23℃用氢氧化钠溶液(50%)将pH调节到4.4。之后,加入1100ml乙醇以开始结晶。在21~22℃搅拌悬浮液8小时。然后分离固体,用344ml冷乙醇/纯水(7/5V/V)洗涤,随后用344ml丙酮/纯水(5/2V/V)洗涤并且在60℃干燥。
获得无色晶体形式的315.6g(73.7%)标题产物。
分析(络合滴定法):100.6%
e2)制备3-(N-甲基-N-戊基)氨基-1-羟基丙烷-1,1-二膦酸一钠盐一水合物。
将36.3g(172.8mmol)N-甲基-N-戊基-β-丙氨酸盐酸盐、33.9g (413.2mmol)亚磷酸、22.75ml(248.6mmol)磷酰氯逐步加热到80℃。在连续加热下反应2小时后,将混合物冷却到60℃并且加入251.7ml水。回流混合物并且蒸馏除去水。加入46ml水并且两次蒸馏除去水。加入296.5ml水并且将残余物冷却到24℃。在23℃用氢氧化钠溶液(50%)将pH调节到4.5。之后,加入159.7ml乙醇以开始结晶。于21-22℃搅拌悬浮液8小时。然后分离固体,用90ml冷乙醇/纯水(3/2V/V)洗涤,随后用90ml丙酮/纯水(5/2V/V)洗涤,并且在60℃干燥。
获得无色晶体形式的42.6g(68.6%)标题产物。
分析(络合滴定法):99.8%。
Claims (14)
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,步骤a)中的缩合是在合适的溶剂中在40℃~90℃的温度进行的。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,步骤b)中的转化是在80℃~110℃的温度进行的。
4.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,步骤b)中的转化是使用硫酸二甲酯作为甲基化试剂而进行的。
5.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,步骤c)中的转化是在合适的溶剂中在10℃~65℃的反应温度进行的。
6.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂是碳酸二乙酯。
7.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,在步骤e)的二磷酸化中,N-甲基-N-戊基-β-丙氨酸盐酸盐/磷酰氯/亚磷酸的摩尔比选自1∶3∶3至1∶1.4∶2.4。
8.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,在步骤e)的二磷酸化中,反应温度选自60℃~100℃。
9.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,一钠盐一水合物的形成是通过用氢氧化钠水溶液将水性反应混合物的pH调节到约3.5~6而进行的。
11.根据权利要求10的方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂是碳酸二乙酯。
12.根据权利要求10或11的方法,其特征在于,N-甲基-N-戊基-β-丙氨酸盐酸盐/磷酰氯/亚磷酸的摩尔比选自1∶3∶3至1∶1.4∶2.4。
13.根据权利要求10或11的方法,其特征在于,所述二磷酸化是在60℃~100℃的反应温度进行的。
14.根据权利要求10或11的方法,其特征在于,一钠盐一水合物的形成是通过用氢氧化钠水溶液将水性反应混合物的pH调节到约3.5~6而进行的。
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WO2009020483A1 (en) * | 2007-08-09 | 2009-02-12 | Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. | Crystalline forms of ibandronate sodium |
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