CN101035968A - 柴油机废气后处理装置再生系统 - Google Patents

柴油机废气后处理装置再生系统 Download PDF

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CN101035968A
CN101035968A CNA2005800248364A CN200580024836A CN101035968A CN 101035968 A CN101035968 A CN 101035968A CN A2005800248364 A CNA2005800248364 A CN A2005800248364A CN 200580024836 A CN200580024836 A CN 200580024836A CN 101035968 A CN101035968 A CN 101035968A
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fuel
exhaust
exhaust manifolds
vaporization member
treatment device
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CN101035968B (zh
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D·L·希尔登
C·C·克雷林
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Motors Liquidation Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/36—Arrangements for supply of additional fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F01N2260/02—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for cooling the device
    • F01N2260/024—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for cooling the device using a liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F01N2610/102—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance after addition to exhaust gases, e.g. by a passively or actively heated surface in the exhaust conduit
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1473—Overflow or return means for the substances, e.g. conduits or valves for the return path
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
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Abstract

一种柴油机废气后处理装置再生系统，包括一个适于引导废气排入废气后处理装置的排气导管。该系统进一步包括一个低压底部给料型燃料喷射器，该燃料喷射器具有一个完全容纳在一个连接件壳体的腔体中的入口部，所述连接件壳体具有一个连接到排气导管的较低部。所述壳体设置有燃料流开口，以允许低压燃料循环流动来冷却位于腔体中的燃料喷射器入口部。喷射入排气导管的燃料适宜地对准一个位于排气导管内的汽化部件，该部件吸收废气的热量并使沉积其上的燃料汽化。数个位于排气导管内的向内延伸的混合挡板将汽化部件和后处理装置隔开，从而延长了混合通道，进而提高燃料的汽化度以帮助所述装置的再生。

Description

柴油机废气后处理装置再生系统
技术领域
本发明涉及运行中的废气后处理装置的再生，尤其，涉及一种启动这种再生的废气燃料喷射系统(exhaust fuel injection system)。
背景技术
柴油机后处理装置如催化柴油机颗粒过滤器(CDPF)和NOx吸收催化转换器(NAC)在控制柴油机排放领域是公知的。在柴油机运行过程中，作为燃烧的副产物产生了氮氧化物和碳颗粒。随后这些物质由NAC和CDPF收集。当这些氮氧化物和碳颗粒在这些后处理装置中积聚时，后处理装置必需再生。这主要通过减少这些装置上的氮氧化物和氧化碳颗粒来完成的。
通常，通过在发动机运行过程中每隔几分钟的几秒钟内将发动机运行至富油状态，从而提供能将储存在NAC内的氮氧化物还原的还原剂，使NAC装置得以再生。然而，当发动机运行至富油状态时，可能会造成燃料浪费，并且在所述还原剂被用来再生NAC前，多余的燃料可能已经被完全氧化或产生过度的油烟。
CDPF装置需要在一个较长的时间间隔内进行再生，例如车辆每行驶200英里。CDPF的再生通常这样完成：在发动机排气冲程中将燃料喷射入发动机气缸中以形成燃料蒸汽，所述蒸汽被废气携带着以便在CDPF内进行燃烧。然而，由于依赖于定时和发动机的运行条件，在燃料蒸汽到达CDPF前，该后喷射燃料可能会被完全氧化或产生油烟。
一种再生CDPF的建议方法是后喷射，该方法包括将低压柴油燃料直接喷射到发动机废气的下游端。然而，由于依赖于排气温度，喷射的燃料可能不会完全汽化，从而导致在排放系统中碳沉积物的形成。
发明内容
本发明提供一种改进的柴油机废气后处理装置再生系统，该装置降低燃料喷射器的温度并提高了后处理再生过程中后喷射燃料的汽化度。
该系统包括一个排气管或导管，所述排气管或导管限定了一个接收发动机废气的内部通道和一个后处理装置，例如柴油机氧化催化转换器(DOC)和催化柴油机颗粒过滤器(CDPF)。所述排气导管包括一个位于后处理装置上游的内部燃料汽化部件和数个位于汽化部件和后处理装置之间的内挡板，所述内挡板通过延长混合通道提高了燃料汽化度。所述汽化部件可优选地为一个水平延伸盘，其通过一个连接支撑件支承在排气导管内。如果有需要，该盘可以具有一个周边凸起的边缘，以便在盘表面上暂时容纳未被汽化的燃料。
所述导管的连接件壳体形成了一个朝向导管的内部通道开口的腔体，并适于引导燃料通过所述腔体。该连接件的较低部与排气导管相连接。一个低压底部给料型燃料喷射器，其具有一个密封在所述腔体内的燃料入口和一个对准内部通道的喷嘴，在发动机运行时每隔一段时间将柴油喷射入内部通道。一对由连接件壳体限定的燃料流出口容许加压的燃料进入腔中，以便使燃料环绕着燃料喷射器的入口部循环。该循环流动的燃料为燃料喷射器和所述壳体提供冷却，以吸收从废气中传递来的热量。
一个燃料泵从例如车辆燃料箱的燃料补给部抽取燃料，以将加压的燃料提供给所述壳体和喷射器的入口部。
一个本领域公知的发动机控制模块(ECM)，在需要时控制燃料喷射器的燃料输送，以启动后处理装置的再生。
在发动机运行时，流经废气后处理系统的废气首先加热汽化单元，然后流经DOC到达CDPF，其中当净化的废气流经时碳颗粒被捕获。在一段时间或一定工作间隔后，碳颗粒在CDPF中沉积，ECM激活燃料喷射器，使雾化燃料喷射到汽化部件上。当喷射器喷射出的雾化燃料与热的汽化部件接触时，燃料被汽化并与废气相混合。当废气携带汽化燃料通过排气导管到达后处理装置时，挡板延长了混合通道并提高了燃料的汽化程度。
汽化燃料首先与DOC接触，启动汽化燃料的氧化。所述氧化燃料所产生的热量经由废气后处理装置传递，并氧化了收集于CDPF中的碳，从而再生CDPF。在一段预定的时段后，控制器使燃料喷射器关闭以停止再生过程。
本发明的这些和其他特点和优点将通过下面本发明的配有附图的特定具体的实施方式得到更充分的理解。
附图说明
附图1示出了根据本发明的废气后处理系统的示意图；
附图2示出了附图1中汽化部件和与一个燃料补给系统安装在一起的燃料喷射器的部分示意图。
具体实施方式
首先详细地参看附图1，附图标记10一般性地代表一个柴油废气排放控制装置再生系统，该系统用来再生内燃机的排气系统中的排放控制装置。系统10包括一个排气导管12，该排气导管限定一个内部通道13，该通道适于将废气引导入废气后处理装置14，例如安装在一个催化柴油机颗粒过滤器18(CDPF)之前的柴油氧化催化转换器16(DOC)。排气导管12包括一个安装于后处理装置14上游端的内部燃料汽化部件20和数个位于汽化部件和后处理装置之间的内挡板22。
汽化部件20优选地为一个水平延伸盘24，其由一个连接支撑件26支承于排气导管12内。如果需要，盘24可以具有一个凸起的边缘28，用于在盘表面上暂时存放还未汽化的燃料。
一个低压底部给料型喷射器30的喷嘴29定位为直接将柴油喷射入排气导管12内的汽化部件20之上，如附图2所示。燃料喷射器30的入口部31安装于连接件壳体34的腔体32中，所述连接件壳体34具有一个与排气导管12相连的较低部36。腔体32通过导管内的开口37朝向内部通道13开口。该壳体设置有燃料流开口38和39，它们允许燃料流入并通过腔体32。
在喷射器30和壳体34之间的上下密封40、41阻止腔体32发生燃料泄漏。喷射器30安装于腔体32中，用于接收来自腔体32的加压的柴油，并在发动机运行过程中每隔一段时间将柴油喷射到导管12的内部通道13内的汽化部件20上。此外，循环通过壳体的腔体32的加压燃料为壳体和喷射器提供冷却，以使它的运行不被废气的高温损害。
加压的燃料优选地由一个车辆燃料箱44供给。一个低压燃料泵46抽吸燃料箱44的柴油，并使低压燃料在一个流过壳体34再回到燃料箱的循环中流动。低压燃料持续不断地循环通过壳体34并围绕着燃料喷射器30，以冷却所述燃油喷射器和壳体。一个可选的热交换器48可以安装在壳体34和燃料箱44中间，以降低回到燃料箱的燃料的温度。
一个本领域公知的发动机控制模块(ECM)50，在需要的情况下控制喷射器30的燃料输送，以启动后处理装置的再生。
在发动机运行过程中，燃烧产生的废气中包括以碳烟形式存在的碳。此后该废气由发动机排入排气导管12。当废气流经排气导管12时，废气中的热量提高了汽化部件20和挡板22的温度。而后废气到达后处理装置14，在其中碳颗粒被催化柴油机颗粒过滤器18所吸收。一段时间后，在柴油颗粒过滤器18上沉积的碳颗粒会造成背压升高，进而损害发动机的运行效率。为了避免这种现象发生，有必要定期进行颗粒过滤器的再生。
在预定的间隔时间内或者有压力信号作信号提示时，发动机控制模块50激活燃料喷射器30喷射燃料到汽化部件20上。当燃料与热的汽化部件20接触时，来自汽化部件20和周围废气中的热量使燃料汽化并与流经排气导管12的废气相混合。
当在汽化部件20的盘24周围设置边缘28时，该边缘有助于在盘表面上存放未汽化的燃料，以给燃料的汽化留有更多的时间。
汽化燃料和未被汽化的液滴与废气一道流经排气导管12到达后处理装置14。当汽化的燃料被携带着流经排气导管12中时混合挡板22产生湍流，该湍流帮助燃料蒸汽与废气相混合。混合挡板22还可延长汽化部件20和后处理装置14之间的路程，以允许有更多的时间用来汽化。
当汽化燃料和废气接触柴油氧化催化剂16时，催化剂开始氧化汽化燃料并在后处理装置14中产生热量。由氧化燃料产生的热量引起沉积在催化柴油机颗粒过滤器18中的碳的氧化(燃烧)，由此再生颗粒过滤器。在一个预定的时间段后，发动机控制模块50关闭燃料喷射器30以中止再生过程。
应该可以理解，所述再生系统10可以被修改并应用到其他废气排放装置中，例如NOx吸收催化转换糊(NAC)。在这种情况下，燃料喷射器可以被用来与汽化部件和混合挡板相配合，以便在发动机和NAC之间提供汽化燃料，从而减少发动机运行过程中由NAC收集的氮氧化物。
虽然本发明由上述特定的优选实施例作为参考进行描述，但是应该可以了解到在本发明所述概念的精神和范围内可以作出很多变化。因此，本发明并不仅限于所述公开的实施例，它具有如下面权利要求书的语言所限定的全部范围。

Claims (11)

1、一种柴油机废气后处理装置再生系统，包括：
一个排气导管，其限定一个将发动机废气引导至下游后处理装置的相连的内部通道；
一个连接件壳体，其位于排气导管上并形成一个通向该内部通道的腔体，该壳体具有一个连接到该排气导管并且适于引导燃料通过所述腔体的下部；
一个底部供给燃料喷射器，其具有一个密封于前述腔体内的燃料入口和一个对准内部通道的喷嘴，该燃料喷射器被配置成被通过该壳体的再循环燃料流冷却，并且可在发动机运行期间间歇地将柴油喷射入所述内部通道中；
从而被喷射入该内部通道的燃料被热废气气化，并被运载到该后处理装置，有助于该装置的再生。
2、如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于包括一个被置于该排气导管内以拦截被喷入该内部通道的燃料的汽化部件，该汽化部件可吸收废气中的热量，用于汽化沉积在该部件上的燃料。
3、如权利要求2所述的系统，其特征在于包括多个置于该排气导管内的向内延伸的混合挡板，所述挡板被置于该汽化部件和该后处理装置之间，从而延长该内部通道以改善燃料汽化。
4、一种柴油机废气后处理装置再生系统，包括：
一个适于接收发动机废气的排气导管，被连接成将该废气运载到废气后处理装置的下游；
一个安装于该排气导管内的汽化部件，其吸收废气中的热量，以汽化沉积于其上的燃料；以及
一个燃料喷射器，其在发动机运行过程中间歇性地喷射柴油到该排气导管内的汽化部件上；
其中被喷射到该汽化部件上的燃料被废气热量汽化，并被运载到该废气后处理装置，以有助于该装置的再生。
5、如权利要求4所述的系统，其特征在于包括数个置于排气导管内的向内延伸的混合挡板，所述挡板置于汽化部件和后处理装置之间，用于延长内部通道以提高燃料汽化度。
6、如权利要求4所述的系统，其特征在于该汽化部件是一个在该排气管道内纵向延伸的盘子，并由一连接支撑件支承在该排气管道内。
7、如权利要求6所述的系统，其特征在于所述盘一般是水平的，并具有一个凸起的周边，以暂时地留住液态燃料。
8、如权利要求4所述的系统，其特征在于包括一个控制器，其用于控制燃料喷射器的燃料喷射。
9、如权利要求4所述的系统，其特征在于所述喷射器是一种电控底部供给燃料喷射器。
10、如权利要求9所述的系统，其特征在于该燃料喷射器具有一个被密封地安装在一个壳体中的燃料入口，该壳体具有一个连接到该排气导管的较低部和一些允许加压燃料流入并环绕该喷射器燃料入口循环来冷却该喷射器的燃料流开口。
11、一种柴油机排气后处理装置再生系统，包括：
一个适于接收发动机废气的排气导管，并被连接来将该排气运载到废气后处理装置的下游。
一个燃料喷射器，其在发动机运行过程中间歇性地将柴油喷射到该排气导管内；
数个置于该排气导管内的向内延伸的混合挡板，所述挡板置于该燃料喷射器和该后处理装置之间，从而延长在该燃料喷射器和该后处理装置之间的混合通道，以改善燃料汽化；
从而被喷射到该排气导管上的燃料被废气热量汽化，并当将其运载到该废气后处理装置时，借助于这些档板与该放心气混合，以有助于该后处理装置的再生。
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