CN101029590B - 静止混合器和排气处理装置 - Google Patents

静止混合器和排气处理装置 Download PDF

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CN101029590B
CN101029590B CN2006101658269A CN200610165826A CN101029590B CN 101029590 B CN101029590 B CN 101029590B CN 2006101658269 A CN2006101658269 A CN 2006101658269A CN 200610165826 A CN200610165826 A CN 200610165826A CN 101029590 B CN101029590 B CN 101029590B
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sheet material
flow direction
baffle plate
corrugated sheet
unit
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CN101029590A (zh
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格奥尔格·维尔特
费利克斯·诺依曼
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Ebbers Peixie Climate Control System Of Joint Venture Co
Eberspaecher Exhaust Technology GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/432—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction with means for dividing the material flow into separate sub-flows and for repositioning and recombining these sub-flows; Cross-mixing, e.g. conducting the outer layer of the material nearer to the axis of the tube or vice-versa
    • B01F25/4322—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction with means for dividing the material flow into separate sub-flows and for repositioning and recombining these sub-flows; Cross-mixing, e.g. conducting the outer layer of the material nearer to the axis of the tube or vice-versa essentially composed of stacks of sheets, e.g. corrugated sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/21—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media
    • B01F23/213—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
    • B01F23/2132—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids using nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/313—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
    • B01F25/3131—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/4316—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being flat pieces of material, e.g. intermeshing, fixed to the wall or fixed on a central rod
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/30—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
    • F01N2330/38—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details flow channels with means to enhance flow mixing,(e.g. protrusions or projections)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/10—Tubes having non-circular cross section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F01N2610/102—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance after addition to exhaust gases, e.g. by a passively or actively heated surface in the exhaust conduit
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于内燃机、特别是机动车内燃机用排气系统静止混合器，具有设置在管内横向流动方向上的壁结构(10)，含有层叠地设置于横向流动方向上的波形板材料(12)的若干层(11)，其中单元(13)形成于相邻层(11)的板材料(12)之间，流体可沿流动方向通过该单元，其中，板材料(12)具有用于全部或者若干单元(13)的挡板(14)，所述挡板设置在板材料(12)上，以使它们设置于所述单元的外流端侧上并在横过其的流动方向上延伸。

Description

静止混合器和排气处理装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种内燃机、特别是机动车内燃机的排气系统用静止混合器。本发明也涉及一种装有这种混合器的内燃机、特别是机动车内燃机的排气系统用排气处理装置。
背景技术
在内燃机内，如果使一种气体或液体与排气相混合，那么可以在其排气系统内使用前述的混合器。为了能够产生尽可能均匀的气体混合物和/或完成所导入液体的有效蒸发并将该蒸发液体与排气彻底地混合，该混合应该特别强烈。同时，该混合器应该不会引起排气系统内的压力过度增加。由于静止混合器通过流体的偏转而工作，因此必然导致一定的压力增加。所以，现在需求一种仅具有相对低的流体阻力的有效混合器。另外，应用于机动车内还需考虑的另一个因素是通常在那里使用的排气系统内仅仅具有很小的容纳这种混合器的空间。
由专利EP1 371 824 A1可知，在排气系统的排气管内可以设置混合元件，在其帮助下，反应物可以与排气相混合，该反应物可用于下游选择性催化还原的催化排气净化器内的氮氧化物的选择性催化还原。该混合元件可设计为档板元件。
由专利DE 197 41 199 A1可知，在排气净化系统的流动管内可使用膨胀金属网作为静止混合器以便获得非常短的混合区域。
DE 43 13 393 A1公开了另一种静止混合器，该混合器例如可逆流通过排气系统的DeNOx催化剂加以使用。公知的混合器具有设置在排气系统载气管内的框架结构，其具有横穿过流动方向的多个载体，以及伸进并横过该流动方向的载体的多个平面梯形挡板。
专利DE 41 09 305 A1公开了一种将反应物导入到气体流中的装置，该装置具有若干出口，反应物通过其从流体以相反的方向进入。每个出口在出流端都安装一个混合元件以产生反应物与排气的湍流。
发明内容
本发明涉及的问题，即提供一种前文中所定义类型的混合器和前文中所定义类型的排气处理装置的改进实施方案，其优点特别在于设计便宜并且具有相对强的混合效果和/或具有相对低的流动阻力的蒸发效果。
这一问题通过独立权利要求的主题得以解决。优选实施方案是从属权利要求的主题。
本发明基于的总体思想是借助波形板材料实施混合器，该板材料沿流动方向多层层叠以便在相邻的层间形成可供流体沿直接的流动方向通过的单元。该板材料备有挡板，该挡板的流动方向与多个单元，优选全部单元的出流端方向倾斜设置。该波形板材料的造价很便宜。同时，混合器也具有简单的设计，使得该混合器可以经济的实施。另外，具有以预定方式布置的档板的独立单元确保了强烈的蒸发效果和/或混合效果指标。同时，由于具有载流单元的选定设计，因此能够使通过该混合器的流体保持较低的压力下降。最后，该混合器在流动方向上具有相对短的设计。
在优选的实施方案中，板材料的波形经均匀地选择，以使发生的波状具有相同的波长和振幅。这样简化了该板材料的廉价制备。
在进一步优选的实施方案中，对该板材料进行设置以使其在每层上相对下一相邻层的板材料沿流动方向上偏移一半的波长。随后，一层的波峰与另一相邻层的波谷相接触，由此在这些接触点间形成单元。在这种结构中，单元具有最大的流动横截面，有利于低的流动阻力。
板材料的波形优选设计为正弦曲线，以使层层设置的板材料在流动方向上具有特别高的挠度。这也预示着要使用适合的柔韧性材料。钢、特别是不锈钢可以用于排气系统中。同样，设计板材料的波形基本上是可能的，所以它们可以是矩形，并使实现具有矩形横截面的单元成为可能。同样，也可以得到梯形波结构，以使单元具有六边形和/或蜂巢形横截面。
特别优选的实施方案中，板材料经过至少两个相邻的层、优选在全部的层连续地延伸。板材料然后在各层的侧端折叠并弯曲到相邻层中。因而借助层叠的板材料构成的壁结构可仅由单一元件制备，所以使得该壁结构和混合器的造价很便宜。特别是不必将该板材料单独地连接到管道上或者连接到在每层的圆周方向上包围壁结构的环上。
根据另一个优选的实施方案，对特别是整体成型在板材料上的挡板进行关于流动方向的尺寸设计和方向设置，以使它们在流动方向上能以完全防光的方式密封和/或交叠至少80％或至少90％或至少95％或100％的单元。由于该设计，可能会完成强烈的混合和/或完全的蒸发。例如，这会确保从该混合器逆流喷射的液滴极有可能撞击档板，从而不能无阻碍的流过混合器。液体一旦粘到档板上，就容易受排气流极其蒸发的影响。
本发明的其它重要特征和优点来自从属权利要求，附图和基于附图的分别说明。
不言而喻的是上述特征和下文还将阐述的那些特征不仅可以通过给定的特殊结合方式使用，而且可以通过其它结合方式或者单独地使用，都不超出本发明的范围。
附图说明
附图描述了本发明的优选示例性实施方案，并且在以下阐述中将对其进行详细说明。其中，相同的附图标记用以指代相同、相似或功能相同的部件。
附图示例性地显示：
图1a是排气处理装置的基本剖视简图。
图1b是排气系统的基本剖视简图。
图2是沿图1a和/或1b中剖面线II通过排气处理装置和/或排气系统的横截面图。
图3是混合器入流侧放大的透视详图。
图4是混合器入流侧的流动方向上的放大详图。
图5是混合器出流侧放大的透视详图。
图6是沿流动方向上的混合器的局部的放大图。
图7是另一实施方案中类似附图2的横截面图。
图8是根据图7的实施方案中类似附图5的透视图。
图9是来自图8的混合器的纵向图。
具体实施方式
根据图1a，排气处理装置1具有一带管状体32的壳体2，该管状体形成壳体2的封套。至少一个排气处理插件4设置在管状体32中。该排气处理装置1插入到优选设置于机动车内的内燃机(未示出)的排气系统5内。该排气处理装置1可以是消音器、微粒过滤器、催化式排气净化器或前述装置的任意理想的组合。相应地，该排气处理插件4可以是例如，催化式排气净化器元件或微粒过滤器元件。类似地，它也可以是消音器组件。
在排气处理插件4的上游处的管状体32内，安装有静止混合器6，并参照图2-9以下做更详细的说明。借助设置在混合器6上游的喷嘴7，将用箭头8表示的液体喷进混合器6上游用箭头9表示的排气流中。在SCR催化式排气净化器的情况下，喷入排气中的液体8可以是氨水或含水尿素溶液。在具有综合或逆流氧化催化式排气净化器的微粒过滤器的情况下，喷入排气的液体可以是液体燃料。
排气系统5和/或排气处理装置1内的混合器6用于尽可能广泛地蒸发喷入该装置的液体8，并使其尽可能彻底地与排气流相混合，以这样的方式产生向混合器6下游流动的尽可能均匀的蒸气-排气混合物。同时，混合器6应该具有最可能紧凑的设计以允许其容易地一体结合到这种排气处理装置1和/或排气系统5内。另外，对混合器6来说，理想的是具有尽可能低的流体阻力以减小排气系统5内的排气背压。
排气系统5具有排气管31，排气处理装置1连接其上。在图1b所示例的实施方案中，混合器6设置于该排气管31内，即排气处理装置1的上游。喷射装置7依次设置在混合器6的上游，因而也安装在排气管31上。该实施方案因此也允许使用常规的排气处理装置1，这是因为借助混合器6，在排气管31内的上游已经生成了改良混合物。
根据图2，静止混合器6具有壁结构10，其设置在管状体32(图1a)和/或排气管31(图1b)内的横过流动的方向上。对混合器6和/或其壁结构10来说，管状体32和/或排气管31中的每一个都具有其中插有壁结构10的管3。当下文指代管3时，因而既指代根据图1a的管状体32，也指代根据图1b的排气管31。管3，即管状体32和排气管31，根据特殊的安装情况可以具有基本不同的横截面。例如圆形、椭圆形和矩形截面都是可行的。
壁结构10具有基本上充满管3的横截面的尺寸。该壁结构10由若干波形板材料12的层11组成。单个的层11在横过流动方向上延伸，并且在横过流动方向和横过其自身纵向方向上于彼此顶部进行放置。将这里的板材料12安装在单个层11之中，以使与板材料12邻近的相邻层11间形成多个单元13，每个单元允许流体在流动方向上将其通过。
根据图3-8，板材料12具有为多个单元13，优选为全部单元13设置的档板14。这些档板14以这样一种方式设置在板材料上，即将其设置在上述单元13的出流侧。然后档板14沿流动方向延伸，也可横过流动方向，也就是说，对档板14进行设置，以使其与流动方向相反。
板材料12优选用在所有层11内经均匀设计的单个波形体15(参见图4)加以制备，以使其特别具有相同的波长16(参见图4)和相同的振幅17(参见图4)。因此，相同的板材料12可用于制备所有的层11。另外，壁结构10可通过对该板材料12进行排列以使其在横过相邻层11的流动方向上滑移一半波长16而方便地加以制备。随后，板材料12的相邻层11的波峰和波谷在接触点18(参见图3、4和7)相接触。这样使得壁结构10内的单元13均匀排列，特别是对称排列。在此所示的实施方案中，网板材料12设计为正弦曲线，也就是说具有正弦波形。单个单元13因此具有基本上为圆形的横截面。在其它实施方案中，例如可能将板材料12的波形15设计成矩形或梯形，以便制备出横截面为矩形和/或六角形或蜂巢形的单个单元13。
对每个层11来说，使用单片的板材料12基本上是可能的。然而，优选的一实施方案中，板材料12经过至少两个相邻的层11不间断地延伸。然后板材料12在至少一个层11的侧端弯曲并折叠到各自的下个相邻的层11中。该板材料12优选不间断地，也就是例如如图2和图7所示例的所有层11以一个片进行延伸。在每层的侧端上，板材料12弯曲并折叠到各自的相邻层11中。
在图2所示例的实施方案中，板材料12和/或壁结构10在圆周方向上由一环体19包围。板材料12连接到该环体19上。例如，单个的固定点20可在此通过焊接点进行制备。优选对固定点20，也就是焊接点进行分布以使板材料12在至少各层11的侧端上连接到所有层内的环体19上。在连续的一片板材料12的情况下，在相邻层一端和另一端交替地提供固定点10可能是有利的。该固定点也可以通过软焊点形成。
壁结构10，即连同环体19的板材料12，可形成一个能完全进行预安装并以预安装状态插入到管3中的单元。为了简化该单元21插入到管3，例如可在22处对环体19开槽。为了插入到管3中，可对环体19进行压缩。同时，通过板材料12可将径向应变引入到环体19中，所述应变试图扩展环体19。随后，环体19和这种单元21可以补偿制造公差。安装状态下，环体19以合适的方式，例如通过台阶式轴向接触和/或焊接点或软焊点设置在排气处理装置1的管3上和/或管状体3上。
另外，根据图7，将没有环体19的壁结构10和/或板材料12直接插入到管3也是可能的。然后，该板材料12直接连接到管3。固定点20的设置可通过与其沿环体19的分布相类似地方便地完成。该板材料12再次通过焊接点或软焊点连接到管3上。
当使用连续的一片板材料12来实现壁结构10的所有层11时，极端情况下，完整的混合器6可仅仅通过单一的组件，即板材料12加以制备，该壁结构中，挡板14也整体成型在板材料12上。如果环体19视情况进行设置，那么单元21也可视情况仅包含这两种组件。这样使混合器6的制备比较便宜。
一个实施方案，其中板材料12与单个层11的侧端之间的相邻层松散地接触，其中两层11的板材料可以彼此连接和或与管3相连和或与环体19相连。换句话说，在接触点18处，板材料12的单个层11间没有固定连接。由于这一设计，相邻层11的板材料12间的相对移动成为可能，使得壁结构10特别是在温度改变，甚至热冲击下允许发生无应力反应。同时，共振也会通过摩擦加以阻尼。
根据图3-5，7-9，在此例示的优选实施方案中，档板14以一种板材料12内形成重复结构的方式沿该板材料12进行规则排列。这里选择的示例性实施方案中，沿连续方向的板材料12突出的单个挡板14与流动的方向彼此相对。
在根据图3-5的实施方案中，从与流动方向具有相同方向的板材料12突出来的挡板14沿该板材料12彼此相隔的距离正好为两个波长16。相反，对从与流动方向具有相反方向的板材料12突出来的挡板14进行设置，因此它们沿板材料12进行分布以使其在板材料12与流动方向相交的方向上相隔半个波长16和在相对方向上相隔三个半波长16。由于在层11内进行有目的的板材料12的设置，所以获得例示于图3-5中的结构是可能的，其中挡板14从与流动方向具有相反方向的板材料12突出，并具有形成于相邻层11间的邻近单元13。在此选定的挡板14的该设计产生了强烈的混合效果。
在示例于图7-9的实施方案中，从与流动方向具有相同方向的板材料12突出来的挡板14沿该板材料12彼此相隔的距离正好为一个波长16。相反，对从与流动方向具有相反方向的板材料12突出来的挡板14沿板材料12进行设置并且分布以使其直接在横过流动方向的板材料12的方向上相互跟随，彼此相隔半个波长16的距离。
在示例于图3-5的实施方案中，板材料12在每个层11内具有挡板14，所以在示例于图7和8的实施方案中，壁结构10是这种具有挡板14的层11与没有挡板14的层11交替的结构。
在示例于图7-9的实施方案中，挡板14设置在壁结构10之内，具有这样的一种分布，即具有相邻层11的相邻单元13，该挡板14从与流动方向具有相同方向的板材料12突出。图7因此显示了单元13与具有相同方向取向的挡板14的垂直排列。
与此相反，在图3-5所示的实施方案中，挡板14仅以这样一种方式分布在壁结构内，即具有相邻层11的相邻单元13，该挡板从与流动方向具有相反方向的板材料12突出。因此，这会产生与相同方向取向的挡板14对角排列的单元13的结构。
为了加强混合器6的混合效果和蒸发效果，挡板14也可以累积地或交替地实现以下特征。挡板14可以与流动方向呈约45°角，如上所述，优选一个方向、另一个方向交替。这种情况很清楚地在图3、5、7和8中表示。
在图4和7中，可以看出，挡板14适合具有对应于图4和7中观测方向的相关流动方向的尺寸和取向，以使单独的单元13或多或少地交叠在流动方向上并因此或多或少的以防光方式进行封闭。例如，挡板14在外流端的流动方向上获得至少80％交叠或者至少90％交叠或者至少95％交叠，所以将整个壁结构10在流动方向上至少80％、90％或者95％被密封为防光的。
为了增强蒸发效果，根据图6的挡板14在外流端23可具有分离边24或者可按这样进行设计。
为了实现最可能紧凑的混合器6的设计，板材料12可以适当地具有这种尺寸，以使单个单元13内，横过流动方向上测量的直径26大于流动方向上测量的长度27。单元13的长度27对应于板材料12的宽度25。另外或者作为选择，根据图6，流动方向上所测量的每个挡板14的纵向长度28都约等于流动方向上所测量的每个单元13的长度27。另外，每个挡板14具有与流动方向相交的横向长度29，并约等于横向流动方向上所测量的每个单元13的直径26。基本上所述的横向长度29对应于每个挡板14，特别是半个波长16。
如图5所示，每个挡板14具有入流侧30，其具有凸曲率。特别地，所述入流侧30可具有鞍状曲线。与此相反，图8中所示的实施方案中的挡板14可具有入流侧33，其具有凹曲率。特别地，这些入流侧33也可具有鞍状弧度。
图8显示了预安装单元21，其装有环体19并且可同样插入每个管3中。本质上图8也涉及所述管3的细节图，也就是说排气处理装置和/或排气系统5的细节图。
钢或钢片，优选不锈钢，即不锈钢钢片适合用作板材料12的材料，并视情况用于环体19。可能的钢合金包括，例如具有以下欧洲标准号或EN号的合金：1.4509、1.4435、1.4512、1.4438、1.4513、1.4541、1.4522、1.4571、1.4301和1.4828。
根据图9，挡板14优选以这样的方式进行成型，即有一种向与流动方向相交的方向上的稳定转变。该挡板14因此具有最大可能半径的圆形柔性转变。这样获得的结果是，流动偏转中的任何背压的增加保持得尽可能小。同时，降低了壁结构10内的电压峰值并且避免了热冲击下发生弯曲和断裂以及产生裂纹。在刃状挡板14的情况下，特别是入流端部分34，其直接连接到壁结构10和/或板材料12上并且以直线方式平行于入流排气流9延伸。因此有可能明确地区分部分34，该部分位于入流端且直接连接到壁结构10和/或板材料12上并且以直线方式平行于入流排气流9延伸，和位于出流端的部分35，其限定排气流9的方向并以直线方式延伸以及曲线中间部分36，其用平滑的过渡将两直线部分34和35连接起来。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于内燃机的排气系统(5)用静止混合器，
具有设置在管(3)内横过流动方向上的壁结构(10)，该壁结构具有层叠地设置于横向流动方向上的由波形板材料(12)构成的若干层(11)，
形成于波形板材料(12)的相邻层(11)之间的单元(13)，流体可沿流动方向通过该单元，
具有用于若干或者全部单元(13)的挡板(14)，所述挡板以这样一种方式设置在波形板材料(12)上，即它们设置在所述单元(13)的出流侧上并在横过流动方向上延伸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合器，其特征在于，
所述波形板材料(12)在所有层(11)内均匀地设计并且具有相同波长(16)和相同振幅(17)的波形(15)；
对相邻层(11)的所述波形板材料(12)进行设置，使其在横过流动方向上偏移一半波长(16)；和/或
所述波形板材料(12)的所述波形(15)具有正弦形状、矩形形状或梯形形状。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合器，其特征在于，所述波形板材料(12)经过全部或至少两个相邻的层连续地延伸，并且有至少一个层(11)，其在侧端经弯曲并折叠到相邻层(11)中。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合器，其特征在于，
所述挡板(14)沿着所述波形板材料(12)规则地进行排列；
从与流动方向具有相同方向的波形板材料(12)突出来的挡板(14)沿该波形板材料(12)彼此相隔的距离正好为两个波长(16)，
对从与流动方向具有相反方向的波形板材料(12)突出来的挡板(14)进行设置，因此它们沿波形板材料(12)进行分布以使其在波形板材料(12)与流动方向相交的方向上相隔半个波长(16)和在相对方向上相隔三个半波长(16)；且其中
在相邻层(11)的邻近单元(13)的挡板(14)以与流动方向相对的方向从所述板材料(12)突出，并且以与流动方向相对的方向从所述波形板材料(12)突出的挡板(14)直接邻近于或者沿着每个层(11)内的波形板材料(12)进行设置，
或者，在相邻层(11)的邻近单元(13)内的挡板(14)以与流动方向相同的方向从所述波形板材料(12)突出。
5.根据权利要求4所述的混合器，其特征在于，
在壁结构(10)内的带有挡板(14)的层(11)与不带有挡板的层(11)彼此交替相对，和/或
所述挡板(14)与流动方向成45°角。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合器，其特征在于，所述挡板(14)整体模制到波形板材料(12)上。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合器，其特征在于，所述挡板(14)具有对应于流动方向的尺寸和取向，以使它们在流动方向上与密封单元(13)交叠至少80％。
8.根据权利要求7所述的混合器，其特征在于，所述挡板(14)在流动方向上与密封单元(13)交叠至少90％。
9.根据权利要求8所述的混合器，其特征在于，所述挡板(14)在流动方向上与密封单元(13)交叠至少95％。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合器，其特征在于，
横过流动方向上测量的每个单元(13)的直径(26)大于流动方向上测量的其长度(27)，每个挡板(14)在其每个出流端(23)上具有分离边(24)，
流动方向上所测量的每个挡板(14)的纵向长度(28)都约等于流动方向上所测量的每个单元(13)的长度(27)，
沿着流动方向上测量的每个挡板(14)的横向长度(29)约等于横过流动方向上所测量的每个单元(13)的直径(26)，和/或
每个挡板(14)的入流侧(30，33)都具有凸或凹曲率。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合器，其特征在于，
在圆周方向上，所述波形板材料(12)包围着安装状态下插入所述管(3)的环体(19)和/或
所述波形板材料(12)连同所述环体(19)形成单元(21)，其可进行预安装并在安装状态下设置于所述管(3)内。
12.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合器，其特征在于，
所述波形板材料(12)在所有或若干层(11)的侧端连接到所述管(3)或环体(19)上，和/或
所述波形板材料(12)在相邻层(11)的侧端之间设置成松散的接触。
13.一种用于内燃机排气系统(5)的排气处理装置，
具有至少一个排气处理插件(4)，其设置于排气处理装置(1)的管状体(32)中，
具有根据权利要求1-12任一所述的混合器(6)，其设置在排气处理插件(4)上游的管形体(32)中，所述混合器的管(3)通过排气处理装置(1)的管形体(32)形成，
具有从所述混合器(6)上游导入液体的喷射装置(7)。
14.一种用于内燃机的排气系统，
具有至少一个排气处理装置(1)，其连接到排气系统(5)的排气管(31)上并且具有至少一个设置在排气处理装置(1)的管形体(32)内的排气处理插件(4)，
具有设置于排气处理装置(1)上游的排气管(31)内的根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的混合器，混合器中的管(3)通过所述排气系统(5)的所述排气管(31)形成，
具有从所述混合器(6)上游导入液体的喷射装置(7)。
CN2006101658269A 2006-03-02 2006-12-12 静止混合器和排气处理装置 Expired - Fee Related CN101029590B (zh)

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CN1370092A (zh) * 1999-08-17 2002-09-18 排放技术有限公司 用于在内燃机的废气中减少氮的氧化物成份的装置
CN1429130A (zh) * 2000-04-25 2003-07-09 排放技术有限公司 从废气中去除炭黑颗粒的方法和对应的捕集元件

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EP1830042B1 (de) 2011-01-19
DE502006008762D1 (de) 2011-03-03
US7793494B2 (en) 2010-09-14
US20070204751A1 (en) 2007-09-06
JP2007231947A (ja) 2007-09-13
EP1830042A2 (de) 2007-09-05
EP1830042A3 (de) 2009-03-25
JP5059447B2 (ja) 2012-10-24
CN101029590A (zh) 2007-09-05
DE102006024778B3 (de) 2007-07-19

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