CN101016265A - 一种新型hiv-1逆转录酶抑制剂的制备及其用途 - Google Patents
一种新型hiv-1逆转录酶抑制剂的制备及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101016265A CN101016265A CN 200710086564 CN200710086564A CN101016265A CN 101016265 A CN101016265 A CN 101016265A CN 200710086564 CN200710086564 CN 200710086564 CN 200710086564 A CN200710086564 A CN 200710086564A CN 101016265 A CN101016265 A CN 101016265A
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Abstract
本发明涉及以非核苷类HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂1-〔(2-羟基乙氧基)-甲基〕-6-(苯硫代)胸腺嘧啶(HEPT)和4-苯硫代吡啶酮为先导物,将其各自的结构和活性关系联系起来,并融合在一个分子中,设计出一类具有HEPT和吡啶酮相关结构的新分子,见通式I,式中各个基团的定义如权利要求书所述。使合成出的新化合物的构象更有利于与HIV-1逆转录酶结合,从而更有利于其抑制逆转录酶的活性,而成为新一类高活性的HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂。进一步涉及对化合物的逆转录酶活性评价及此类化合物作为HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂的应用。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及以非核苷类HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂1-〔(2-羟基乙氧基)-甲基〕-6-(苯硫代)胸腺嘧啶(HEPT)和4-苯硫代吡啶酮为参照物,将其各自的结构和活性关系联系起来,并融合在一起,设计出一类具有HEPT和吡啶酮相关结构的新分子。新分子因加合作用兼具两种化合物的药理活性。使合成出的新化合物的构象更有利于与HIV-1逆转录酶结合,从而更有利于其抑制逆转录酶的活性,而成为新一类高活性的HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂。其中,增大5位取代基的体积更有利于发挥它的立体位阻作用使得化合物6位芳环转位,从而更好地与HIV-1逆转录酶的疏水性口袋上部的芳香族氨基酸的芳环相互作用,影响酶的构象而更好地产生对酶的抑制作用。进一步涉及对化合物的逆转录酶活性评价及此类化合物作为HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂的应用。
背景技术
艾滋病又称获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS),是由于感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)所导致的以CD4+T淋巴细胞减少为特征的免疫衰竭,患者常于感染后10-15年因并发各种机会性感染或恶性肿瘤而死亡。自1981年美国发现首例艾滋病患者以来,HIV蔓延十分迅速,目前已在全球范围内迅速蔓延,直接威胁着人类的生命和健康,是当今最危险的流行病之一。到目前为止,还没有能治愈艾滋病的药物。而且,国内临床上所用的抗艾滋病药物几乎全部是进口药,价格十分昂贵。因此,研发具有自主产权的高效低毒的价格便宜的抗HIV药物是摆在我国政府和科学家面前的一个十分迫切和重要的课题。
目前发现的HIV有HIV-1和HIV-2两种类型,其中,HIV-1是艾滋病的主要致病原。现有的药物主要是针对HIV-1,按其作用机制分为四类:核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂,非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂,蛋白水解酶抑制剂和融合抑制剂。现有这些药物可以在一定程度上延缓病人病情的恶化,但不能彻底清除患者体内的病毒,大部分病人一直生活在病毒低水平复制的状态中,长期用药患者易产生耐药性,而且一旦停止用药,病人体内的病毒水平很快又恢复到甚至超过用药前的水平。同时这些药物在杀伤病毒的同时,也破坏了身体内正常的生理机能,使病人产生很大的药物反应。且这些药物价格不菲,很多患者没有能力负担。目前,抗病毒组合疗法(又称鸡尾酒疗法)是临床上较为有效的疗法。该疗法是让病人同时服用作用于不同靶点的多种药物,主要为HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂和蛋白水解酶抑制剂,从而对病毒的复制产生更有效的抑制。其疗效明显优于单药处方,并能延缓药物抗药性的产生。但它用药剂量大,药物与药物之间相互作用而产生的副作用往往使病人难以忍受;更重要的是昂贵的价格使得病人特别是发展中国家的病人难以忍受。
在HIV的复制循环中,逆转录酶(RT)在完成RNA指导的DNA合成、RNA水解反应和DNA指导的DNA合成过程中起着十分重要的作用。因此,HIV逆转录酶是抗艾滋病药物发展中的一个重要生物靶点。逆转录酶抑制剂分为核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂和非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂两类。核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂是合成DNA的天然底物的衍生物,通过阻断病毒RNA的逆转录,即阻止病毒双链DNA形成,病毒失去复制的模板而起作用。它们首先进入被感染的细胞,然后磷酸化,形成具有活性的三磷酸化合物。这些三磷酸化合物是HIV逆转录酶的竞争抑制剂,当插入长的DNA链时,可导致病毒DNA合成受阻,从而抑制病毒复制,长期大剂量使用可使CD4+细胞计数升高。属于NRTIs的抗人免疫缺陷综合征病毒药物共有9个品种,即齐多夫定(AZT)、去羟肌苷(ddI)、扎西他滨(ddC)、司他夫定(d4T)、拉米夫定(3TC)、阿巴卡韦(abacavir)、泰诺福韦(tenofovir)及复合制剂双肽芝-combivir(AZT+3TC)和三协维-trivizir(AZT+3TC+ABC)。它们作用于逆转录酶与天然底物核苷结合的活性部位,但这些核苷类药物也抑制宿主细胞DNA的多聚酶活性,因此具有依赖剂量的特异毒性。
非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂(NNRTIs)是一组与核苷无关、化学结构完全不同的特异性抑制HIV-1逆转录酶的化合物,但对HIV-2无活性。这组化合物的共同特点是:可高度抑制HIV-1,但并不抑制HIV-2和其他逆转录病毒;不是HIV-1逆转录酶底物竞争抑制剂,而是通过与酶活性点附近的p66疏水区结合,并取代聚合酶结合位点的具有催化作用的天门冬氨酸残基,而达到抑制HIV-1复制的作用;不抑制其他的DNA聚合酶,故毒性很小,有很高的抗病毒选择指数,体内外使用迅速产生耐药毒株。这类药物多半与核苷类药物联合应用。属于NNRTIs的抗人免疫缺陷综合征毒药物共有3个,即奈韦拉平(Neviapine)、地拉韦啶(Delavirdine)及依非韦伦(Efavirenz),它们抑制HIV-1的作用很强,但对HIV-2和猴艾滋病毒(SIV)均无抑制活性。这类药物易产生耐药性,只需一个核苷酸变异,即产生耐药,且与其他NNRTIs产生交叉耐性。由于抑制HIV-1作用强,依非韦伦被选为一线药物,与其他NRTIs联合用药。
非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂具有结构多样、高效、低毒以及与其他药物的协同作用等特性,加之药物作用位点明确,酶的结构清楚,因而一直是寻找新的抗艾滋病毒药物的重要方向之一。1-〔(2-羟基乙氧基)-甲基〕-6-(苯硫代)胸腺嘧啶(HEPT)类化合物作为NNRTIs的典型代表,显示出较强的抗交叉耐药性,已成为国内外药物研究的重点。而吡啶酮也具有很好的对HIV-1逆转录酶的抑制作用。发明人以非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂HEPT和4-苯硫代吡啶酮为参照物,将其各自的结构和活性关系联系起来,根据生物电子等排原理等设计出了一类兼具有HEPT和吡啶酮相关结构的新分子。使所设计的化合物兼具有HEPT和吡啶酮的结构,且使化合物的嘧啶环5位取代基的体积增大,更有利于发挥它的立体位阻作用使得化合物6位芳环转位,从而更好地与HIV-1逆转录酶的疏水性口袋上部的芳香族氨基酸Tyr181、Tyr188、Trp229等的芳环相互作用,影响酶的构象而产生对酶的抑制作用,而使合成的化合物抗HIV-1逆转录酶的活性更高。
发明内容
发明人以非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂HEPT和4-苯硫代吡啶酮为先导化合物,按照药物合理设计中先导化合物优化的方法,将其各自的结构和活性关系联系起来,根据生物电子等排原理等设计了一类新型化合物,从而得到一类生物活性更好的HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂。
本发明涉及以非核苷类HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂HEPT和4-苯硫代吡啶酮为参照物,设计出了一类新型结构化合物,并对其进行结构修饰,制备出一系列兼具HEPT和4-苯硫代吡啶酮结构的新化合物,使新化合物的构象与HIV-1逆转录酶结合后,更有利于其抑制HIV-1逆转录酶的活性,从而成为活性更好的新一类HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂。且使新化合物的嘧啶环5位取代基的体积增大,更有利于发挥它的立体位阻作用使得化合物6位芳环转位,从而更好地与HIV-1逆转录酶的疏水性口袋上部的芳香族氨基酸的芳环相互作用,影响酶的构象而更好地产生对酶的抑制作用。进一步涉及对化合物的逆转录酶活性评价及此类化合物作为HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂的应用。
本发明的部分化合物可按照图1的合成路线制备,通过下图将有助于理解本发明,但并不限制本发明的内容。
具体实施方式
为了进一步阐述本发明,下面给出一系列实施例。这些实施例完全是例证性的,它们仅用来对本发明进行具体描述,不应当理解为对本发明的限制。如无特殊说明,下述实施例中“减压旋干溶剂”一般指“水泵减压条件下用旋转蒸发仪蒸干溶剂。
实施例13-氧代-4-苯基丁酸乙酯的制备(化合物1)
将活化了的锌粉(依次用3N的盐酸、蒸馏水、无水乙醇、无水乙醚洗涤,后真空干燥,18g,275mmol),混悬于干燥的THF(125ml)中加热回流,滴入几滴溴代乙酸乙酯来激发反应,当出现绿色(约45分钟)时,一次性加入苄腈(1.56ml,13.5mmol),再在大约1小时的时间里慢慢地滴加溴代乙酸乙酯(3.33ml,30mmol),滴加完毕后再回流10分钟。用四氢呋喃(375ml)稀释,碳酸钾(50%,54ml)破坏锌试剂,快速搅拌45分钟,形成两相。分出四氢呋喃相,剩下的相用四氢呋喃(2×100ml)洗涤,合并四氢呋喃相加入10%的盐酸50ml在室温下搅拌45分钟,用旋转蒸发仪减压除去THF,用二氯甲烷300ml稀释,取有机相。有机相用饱和NaHCO3洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,用旋转蒸发仪减压蒸干二氯甲烷,得到液体产物3-氧代-4-苯基丁酸乙酯2.58g,产率92.8%。
ESIMS:m/z=207[M+H]+
实施例2 6-苄基尿嘧啶的制备(化合物2)
将4g(174mmol)金属钠溶于无水乙醇90ml中,加入9.28g(120mmol)硫脲,和1.64g(8.0mmol)3-氧代-4-苯基丁酸乙酯,反应混合物加热回流6小时。在40-50℃减压至几乎全干,剩余物溶于水(80ml)中。加入浓盐酸(14ml)析出沉淀,加冰醋酸调节直到pH4,用抽滤漏斗过滤出沉淀,得到白色固体2-硫-6-苄基尿嘧啶1.53g,产率87.5%,将该产物溶于10%的氯乙酸(200ml)中,加热回流24小时。冷却至室温,析出白色针状固体,用抽滤漏斗过滤出此固体,依次用冷乙醇和冷乙醚洗涤,干燥,得到6-苄基尿嘧啶1.08g,产率76.0%,mp 224~226℃。
ESIMS:m/z=203.0[M+H]+
1H-NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:11.00(s,1H,N3-H),10.96(s,1H,N1-H),7.37~7.27(s,5H,Ph-H),5.23(s,1H,C5-H),4.63(s,2H,CH2).
13C-NMR(75MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:37.4(CH2Ph),98.8(C-5),151.6(C-2),155.6(C-6),164.1(C-4)127.0,128.6,129.0,136.2(Carom).
实施例3 5-碘-6-苄基尿嘧啶的制备(化合物3)
将101mg(0.5mmol)6-苄基尿嘧啶溶于3ml冰醋酸中,加入66mg(0.275mmol)PbO2,70mg(0.275mmol)I2,50℃加热反应9小时,后向反应液中加入6ml冰醋酸,使反应液澄清,用抽滤漏斗过滤出PbO2,并用少量冰醋酸洗涤PbO2,向滤液中加入120ml H2O,立即有白色棉絮状物质出现,用抽滤漏斗过滤出白色物质,并用H2O洗涤数次,最后用冷的乙醚洗涤,使之置于真空干燥器中干燥,得标题化合物152mg,产率92.7%,mp 247-249℃。
ESIMS:m/z=387.3[M+H]+
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:11.531(s,1H,N3-H),11.494(s,1H,N1-H),7.343~7.277(s,5H,Ph-H),3.900(s,2H,CH2Ph).
13C-NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:41.64(CH2Ph),73.44(C-5),151.00(C-2),155.57(C-6),161.94(C-4),127.04,128.42,128.70,135.45(Carom).
实施例4 5-溴-6-苄基尿嘧啶的制备(化合物4)
将101mg(0.5mmol)6-苄基尿嘧啶溶于3ml冰醋酸中,加入66mg(0.275mmol)PbO2,0.24ml Br2和甲醇的混合液(其中含21ul,0.41mmol Br2),室温反应10小时后向反应液中加入6ml冰醋酸,使反应液澄清,用抽滤漏斗过滤出PbO2,并用少量冰醋酸洗涤PbO2,向滤液中加入120ml H2O,立即有白色棉絮状物质出现,用抽滤漏斗滤出白色物质,并用H2O洗涤数次,最后用冷的乙醚洗涤,使之干燥,置于真空干燥器中保存,最后得标题化合物131mg,产率93.6%,mp 233-235℃。
ESIMS:m/z=281.0,283.0[M+H]+
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:11.531(s,1H,N3-H),11.494(s,1H,N1-H),7.343~7.277(s,5H,Ph-H),3.900(s,2H,CH2Ph).
13C-NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:38.49(CH2Ph),96.55(C-5),150.86(C-6),152.95(C-2),160.69(C-4),127.50,128.85,129.13,135.69(Carom).
实施例5 1-苄氧甲基-5-碘-6-苄基尿嘧啶的制备(化合物5)
将98mg(0.3mmol)5-碘-6-苄基尿嘧啶溶于5ml无水氯仿中,后加入0.31ml(1.05mmol)BSA,室温反应40分钟后加入91.3ul(0.45mmol)ClCH2OCH2Ph和40mg(0.3mmol)LiI,室温再反应50分钟后向反应液中加入8ml饱和NaHCO3终止反应,后加入12ml CH2Cl2进行萃取,H2O层再用2×12ml CH2Cl2进行萃取,合并有机层,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干溶剂,常压硅胶柱层析分离产物,最后得标题化合物120mg,产率89.3%,mp 165-166℃。
ESIMS:m/z=449.2[M+H]+
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.893(s,1H,N3-H),7.402~7.301(m,10H,Ph-H),5.323(s,2H,NCH2),4.680(s,2H,OCH2),4.572(s,2H,CH2Ph).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:42.11(CH2Ph),72.12(OCH2),74.00(NCH2),79.32(C-5),151.46(C-2),155.85(C-6),159.94(C-4),127.49,127.68,127.89,128.21,128.58,129.38,133.49,136.92(Carom).
实施例6 1-苄氧甲基-5-溴-6-苄基尿嘧啶的制备(化合物6)
将98mg(0.35mmol)5-溴-6-苄基尿嘧啶溶于5ml无水乙腈中,加入0.36ml(1.23mmol)BSA,室温反应40分钟后加入85ul(0.45mmol)ClCH2OCH2CH3和46mg(0.35mmol)LiI,室温反应1小时后向反应液中加入15ml饱和NaHCO3溶液终止反应,后加入20ml乙酸乙酯进行萃取,H2O层再用2×15ml乙酸乙酯进行萃取,合并有机层,用旋转蒸发仪减压旋干溶剂,后加入少许乙醇旋至彻底干燥,常压硅胶柱层析分离产物,得标题化合物89mg,回收原料11mg,产率71.6%,mp 168-170℃。
ESIMS:m/z=401.0,403.0[M+H]+
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.093(s,1H,N3-H),7.402~7.269(m,10H,Ph-H),5.559(s,2H,NCH2),4.686(s,2H,O CH2),4.476(s,2H,CH2Ph).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:37.52(CH2Ph),72.12(OCH2),73.70(NCH2),101.99(C-5),127.56,127.70,127.89,128.25,128.31,128.58,129.38,133.51,136.87(Carom),150.89(C-6),152.96(C-2),158.57(C-4).
实施例7 1-苄氧甲基-5-N,N-二甲基氨基-6-苄基尿嘧啶的制备(化合物7)
将115mg(0.26mmol)1-苄氧甲基-5-碘-6-苄基尿嘧啶溶于0.5ml 1,4-二氧六环中,后加入1ml33%NH(CH3)2水溶液,60℃加热反应67小时,期间共补加了3ml NH(CH3)2水溶液到反应液中(约隔12小时补加一次,每次补加1ml)。停止反应后,向反应液中加入少许乙醇减压蒸干溶剂,后加入15ml乙酸乙酯,8ml H2O进行萃取,H2O层再用2×15ml乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机层,减压除去溶剂,加入少许乙醇,旋蒸至彻底干燥,常压硅胶柱层析分离产物,最后得标题化合物52mg,产率55.5%,mp 87-88℃。
ESIMS:m/z=366.2[M+H]+
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.168(s,1H,N3-H),7.393~7.247(m,10H,Ph-H),5.206(s,2H,NCH2),4.672(s,2H,OCH2),4.432(s,2H,CH2Ph),2.722(s,6H,N(CH3)2).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:32.27(CH2Ph),43.63(N(CH3)2),71.94(OCH2),73.29(NCH2),126.76(C-5),127.48,127.77,128.03,128.35,128.52,129.10,136.34,137.39(Carom),151.57(C-6),152.64(C-2),161.12(C-4).
实施例8 1-乙氧甲基-5-碘-6-苄基尿嘧啶的制备(化合物8)
将130mg(0.4mmol)5-碘-6-苄基尿嘧啶溶于5ml无水乙腈中,后加入0.41ml(1.4mmol)BSA到上述溶液中,室温反应50分钟后加入45ul(0.48mmol)ClCH2OCH2CH3和53mg(0.4mmol)LiI,室温再反应45分钟后向反应液中加入10ml饱和NaHCO3终止反应,后加入15ml乙酸乙酯进行萃取,H2O层再用2×15ml乙酸乙酯进行萃取,合并有机层,减压旋干溶剂,后加入少许乙醇旋蒸至彻底干燥,最后常压硅胶柱层析分离产物,得标题化合物138mg,产率90.2%,mp 175-177℃。
ESIMS:m/z=387.3[M+H]+
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.26(s,1H,N3-H),7.41~7.28(m,5H,Ph-H),5.46(s,2H,NCH2),4.58(s,2H,CH2Ph),3.62(q,2H,J=6Hz,OCH2),1.22(t,3H,J=6Hz,CH3).13C-NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ:15.01(CH3),42.05(CH2Ph),65.39(OCH2),74.05(NCH2),79.17(C-5),151.45(C-2),156.07(C-6),160.00(C-4),133.56,129.38,127.66,127.49(Carom).
实施例9 1-乙氧甲基-5-溴-6-苄基尿嘧啶的制备(化合物9)
将98mg(0.35mmol)5-溴-6-苄基尿嘧啶溶于5ml无水乙腈中,加入0.36ml(1.23mmol)BSA到上述溶液中,室温反应50分钟后加入40ul(0.42mmol)ClCH2OCH2CH3和46mg(0.35mmol)LiI,室温反应75分钟后向反应液中加入15ml饱和NaHCO3终止反应,后加入20ml乙酸乙酯进行萃取,H2O层再用2×15ml乙酸乙酯进行萃取,合并有机层,减压蒸干溶剂,后加入少许乙醇旋蒸至彻底干燥,常压硅胶柱层析分离产物,得标题化合物82mg,回收原料6mg,产率73.8%,mp 170-172℃。
ESIMS:m/z=339.0,340.9[M+H]+
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.224(s,1H,N3-H),7.396~7.211(m,5H,Ph-H),5.26(s,2H,NCH2),4.490(s,2H,CH2Ph),3.651(q,2H,J=7Hz,OCH2),1.224(t,3H,J=7Hz,CH3).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:15.02(CH3),37.49(CH2Ph),65.41(OCH2),73.76(NCH2),101.94(C-5),150.99(C-6),153.18(C-2),158.76(C-4),133.61,129.38,127.68,127.56(Carom).
实施例10 1-乙氧甲基-5-N,N-二甲基氨基-6-苄基尿嘧啶的制备(化合物10)
将70mg(0.18mmol)1-乙氧甲基-5-碘-6-苄基尿嘧啶溶于0.5ml 1,4-二氧六环中,后加入1ml 33%NH(CH3)2水溶液,60℃加热反应48小时,期间共补加了3ml 33%NH(CH3)2水溶液到反应液中(约隔12小时补加一次,每次补加1ml)。停止反应后,向反应液中加入少许乙醇减压旋干溶剂,后加入15ml乙酸乙酯,8ml H2O进行萃取,H2O层再用2×12ml乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机层,减压蒸干,加入少许乙醇,减压蒸至彻底干燥,常压硅胶柱层析分离产物,得标题化合物(油状物)29mg,回收原料6mg,产率57.7%。
ESIMS:m/z=304.1[M+H]+
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.442(s,1H,N3-H),7.359~7.135(m,5H,Ph-H),5.105(s,2H,NCH2),4.434(s,2H,CH2Ph),3.617(q,2H,J=7Hz,OCH2),1.209(t,3H,J=7Hz,CH2C
H 3),2.733(s,6H,N(CH3)2).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:15.07(CH3),32.28(N(CH3)2),43.64(CH2Ph),65.03(OCH2),73.13(NCH2),126.75(C-5),151.68(C-6),152.85(C-2),161.42(C-4),136.48,129.07,127.47,126.88(Carom).
实施例11 1-苄氧甲基-5-甲基氨基-6-苄基尿嘧啶的制备(化合物11)
将80mg(0.2mmol)1-苄氧甲基-5-溴-6-苄基尿嘧啶加入到2ml 30%NH2CH3水溶液中,70℃加热反应46小时,停止反应后,向反应液中加入少许乙醇减压旋干溶剂,后加入20ml乙酸乙酯,15ml H2O进行萃取,H2O层再用2×15ml乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机层,减压蒸除溶剂后,加入少许乙醇,旋蒸至彻底干燥,常压硅胶柱层析分离产物,最后共得标题化合物26mg,回收原料8mg,产率41.2%,mp 131-132℃。
ESIMS:m/z=352.1[M+H]+
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.536(s,1H,N3-H),7.389~7.128(m,10H,Ph-H),5.214(s,2H,NCH2),4.656(s,2H,OCH2),4.330(s,2H,CH2Ph),3.320(s,1H,N
HCH3),2.579(s,3H,CH3).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:32.30(NHCH3),37.15(CH2Ph),71.85(OCH2),72.99(NCH2),125.34(C-5),143.34(C-6),137.31,136.11,129.12,128.49,128.01,127.82,127.52,127.12(Carom),151.04(C-2),162.03(C-4).
实施例12 1-乙氧甲基-5-甲基氨基-6-苄基尿嘧啶的制备(化合物12)
将80mg(0.24mmol)1-乙氧甲基-5-溴-6-苄基尿嘧啶后加入2ml 30%NH2CH3水溶液中,70℃加热反应36小时,停止反应后,向反应液中加入少许乙醇减压蒸干溶剂,后加入20ml乙酸乙酯,15ml H2O进行萃取,H2O层再用2×20ml乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机层,减压除去溶剂,加入少许乙醇,旋蒸至彻底干燥,常压硅胶柱层析分离产物,得标题化合物28mg,回收原料6mg,产率44.3%,mp 112-113℃。
ESIMS:m/z=290.1[M+H]+
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.086(s,1H,N3-H),7.368-7.185(m,5H,Ph-H),5.115(s,2H,NCH2),4.339(s,2H,CH2Ph),3.610(q,2H,J=7Hz,OCH2),3.335(s,1H,NHCH3),1.204(t,3H,J=7Hz,CH2CH3),2.593(s,3H,NHCH3).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:15.05(CH2 CH3),32.30(NHCH3),37.14(CH2Ph),65.00(OCH2),72.90(NCH2),125.31(C-5),143.45(C-6),150.89(C-2),161.93(C-4),136.24,129.12,127.50,127.10(Carom).
实施例13 1,3,6-三苄基-5-碘尿嘧啶的制备(化合物13)
将147mg(0.45mmol)5-碘-6-苄基尿嘧啶溶于3ml无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,后加入165mg(1.2mmol)K2CO3,室温反应75分钟后反应液变为乳白色粘稠液体,此时向上述溶液中加入0.13ml(0.99mmol)溴苄,室温反应过夜后停止反应,向反应液中加入10ml H2O减压蒸除溶剂,后加入20ml乙酸乙酯,15ml H2O进行萃取,H2O层再用2×20ml乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机层,用30ml饱和NaCI溶液洗涤,减压旋干有机层,加入少许乙醇,旋蒸至彻底干燥,常压硅胶柱层析分离产物,最后共得标题化合物169mg,产率73.9%,mp113-114℃。
ESIMS:m/z=509.3[M+H]+
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.598~7.092(m,15H,Ph-H),5.302(s,2H,NCH2Ph),5.088(s,2H,NCH2Ph),4.281(s,2H,CCH2Ph).
13C-NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ:43.29(C
CH2Ph),46.94(NCH2Ph),49.63(NCH2Ph),78.49(C-5),152.16(C-2),154.13(C-6),159.82(C-4),125.69,127.37,127.77,127.89,127.93,128.50,129.21,129.49,129.51,133.30,135.93,136.42(Carom).
实施例14 1,3,6-三苄基-5-溴尿嘧啶的制备(化合物14)
将98mg(0.35mmol)5-溴-6-苄基尿嘧啶溶于3ml无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,后加入131mg(0.95mmol)K2CO3,室温反应35分钟后反应液变为乳白色粘稠液体,此时向上述溶液中加入0.1ml(0.77mmol)溴苄,室温反应2小时后停止反应,向反应液中加入10mlH2O旋干反应液,后加入20ml乙酸乙酯,15ml H2O进行萃取,H2O层再用2×20ml乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机层,用30ml饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,减压蒸除乙酸乙酯,加入少许乙醇,旋蒸至彻底干燥,硅胶柱层析分离产物,最后共得标题化合物144mg,产率89.4%,mp119-120℃。
ESIMS:m/z=461.0,462.9[M+H]+
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.598~7.098(m,15H,Ph-H),5.291(s,2H,NCH2Ph),5.146(s,2H,NCH2Ph),4.182(s,2H,CCH2Ph).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:38.55(CC
H 2Ph),46.49(NCH2Ph),49.06(NCH2Ph),101.33(C-5),151.32(C-6),151.72(C-2),158.81(C-4),125.70,127.45,127.77,127.93,127.96,128.51,129.23,129.48,129.50,133.36,135.84,136.34(Carom).
实施例15 1,3,6-三苄基-5-N,N-二甲基氨基尿嘧啶的制备(化合物15)
将165mg(0.32mmol)1-苄氧甲基-5-碘-6-苄基尿嘧啶溶于1ml 1,4-二氧六环中,后加入1ml33%NH(CH3)2水溶液,室温反应24小时后,60℃加热反应24小时,期间共补加了1ml33%NH(CH3)2水溶液,1ml 1,4-二氧六环到反应液中。停止反应后,向反应液中加入少许乙醇,用旋转蒸发仪蒸干溶剂,后加入20ml乙酸乙酯,15ml H2O进行萃取,H2O层再用2×20ml乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机层,用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,加入少许乙醇,旋蒸至彻底干燥,常压硅胶柱层析分离产物,得标题化合物76mg,产率55.1%,mp 91-92℃。
ESIMS:m/z=426.5[M+H]+
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.529~7.069(m,15H,Ph-H),5.250(s,2H,NCH2Ph),4.961(s,2H,NCH2Ph),4.193(s,2H,CCH2Ph),2.757(s,6H,N(CH3)2).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:33.12(C
CH2Ph),43.74(N(CH3)2),44.72(NCH2Ph),48.17(NCH2Ph),125.91(C-5),151.25(C-6),152.18(C-2),160.83(C-4),126.99,127.52,127.58,128.44,129.00,129.11,129.21,136.22,136.77,137.17(Carom).
实施例16 1,3,6-三苄基-5-甲基氨基尿嘧啶的制备(化合物16)
将120mg(0.26mmol)1,3-二苄基-5-溴-6-苄基尿嘧啶溶于1ml 1,4-二氧六环和1ml四氢呋喃中,后加入2ml 30%NH2CH3水溶液中,60℃加热反应27小时,停止反应后,向反应液中加入少许乙醇用旋转蒸发仪蒸干溶剂,再加入20ml乙酸乙酯,12ml H2O进行萃取,H2O层再用2×15ml乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机层,用旋转蒸发仪蒸除溶剂,加入少许乙醇,旋蒸至彻底干燥,硅胶柱层析分离产物,最后得标题化合物72mg,回收原料8mg,产率71.9%,mp 115-116℃。
ESIMS:m/z=412.2[M+H]+
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.599~7.054(m,15H,Ph-H),5.280(s,2H,NCH2Ph),4.944(s,2H,NCH2Ph),4.072(s,2H,CCH2Ph),2.550(s,3H,CH3).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:33.21(C
CH2Ph),37.50(CH3),45.50(NCH2Ph),47.85(NCH2Ph),124.49(C-5),142.52(C-6),151.57(C-2),161.86(C-4),125.75,127.21,127.43,127.61,127.68,128.48,129.01,129.09,129.25,130.11,136.00,136.73,136.88(Carom).
实施例17 1,6-二苄基-5-N,N-二甲基氨基尿嘧啶的制备(化合物17)
将60mg(0.14mmol)1,3,6-三苄基-5-甲基氨基尿嘧啶溶于10ml无水甲醇里,后向上述溶液中加入204mg 10%的Pd/C和242mg(3.84mmol)无水HCOONH4,80℃加热回流45分钟后停止反应,过滤出Pd/C,并用乙酸乙酯反复洗涤Pd/C,合并滤夜,减压旋干,用常压硅胶柱层析分离产物,最后共得标题化合物42mg,产率62.7%,mp 179-180℃。
ESIMS:m/z=336.7[M+H]+
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.791(s,1H,N3-H),7.485~7.287(m,10H,Ph-H),5.069(s,2H,NCH2Ph),3.958(s,2H,CCH2Ph),2.764(s,6H,N(CH3)2).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:34.76(C
CH2Ph),43.45(N(CH3)2),43.73(NCH2Ph),123.44(C-5),149.04(C-6),152.19(C-2),161.68(C-4),127.32,127.53,128.39,128.96,129.02,129.15,135.73,136.91(Carom).
实施例18 1,6-二苄基-5-甲基氨基尿嘧啶的制备(化合物18)
将75mg(0.18mmol)1,3,6-三苄基-5-甲基氨基尿嘧啶溶于10ml无水甲醇中,后向上述溶液中加入180mg 10%的Pd/C和209mg(3.32mmol)无水HCOONH4,80℃加热回流40分钟后停止反应,用抽滤漏斗过滤出Pd/C,并用乙酸乙酯反复洗涤Pd/C,合并滤液,用旋转蒸发仪旋干溶剂,用硅胶常压柱层析分离产物,最后共得标题化合物24mg,回收原料9mg,产率46.6%,mp 170-171℃。
ESIMS:m/z=322.0[M+H]+
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.265(s,1H,N3-H),7.511~7.284(m,10H,Ph-H),5.087(s,2H,NCH2Ph),3.930(s,2H,CCH2Ph),3.930(s,1H,NH),2.659(s,3H,CH3).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:34.51(C
CH2Ph),36.90(NHCH3),44.45(NCH2Ph),122.36(C-5),139.63(C-6),152.25(C-2),162.67(C-4),127.55,127.68,128.43,129.03,129.09,135.17,136.65(Carom).
实施例19 1,3,6-三苄基尿嘧啶的制备(化合物19)
将151mg(0.75mmol)6-苄基尿嘧啶溶于3ml无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,后加入258mg(1.87mmol)K2CO3,室温反应1小时后反应液变为乳白色粘稠液体,此时向上述溶液中加入0.22ml(1.65mmol)溴苄,室温再搅拌过夜后停止反应,向反应液中加入10ml H2O,用旋转蒸发仪减压蒸干反应液,后加入20ml乙酸乙酯,15ml H2O进行萃取,H2O层再用2×20ml乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机层,用30ml饱和NaCl溶液洗,分出有机层,用旋转蒸发仪减压除去溶剂,加入少许乙醇,旋蒸至彻底干燥,常压硅胶柱层析分离产物,最后共得标题化合物187mg,产率65.3%,mp 119-120℃。
ESIMS:m/z=383.7[M+H]+
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.515~7.101(m,15H,Ph-H),5.551(s,1H,C5-H),5.261(s,2H,NCH2Ph),5.060(s,2H,NCH2Ph),3.701(s,2H,CCH2Ph).
13C-NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ:38.50(C
CH2Ph),44.64(NCH2Ph),47.36(NCH2Ph),103.41(C-5),152.75(C-2),153.77(C-6),162.14(C-4),125.80,127.57,127.77,128.39,128.64,128.95,129.10,129.48,129.21,134.12,136.17,136.86(Carom).
实施例20 1,6-二苄基尿嘧啶的制备(化合物20)
将165mg(0.43mmol)1,3,6-三苄基尿嘧啶溶于10ml无水甲醇中,后向上述溶液中加入0.43g10%的Pd/C和0.49g(7.8mmol)无水HCOONH4,80℃加热回流40分钟后停止反应,用抽滤漏斗过滤出Pd/C,并用乙酸乙酯反复洗涤Pd/C,合并滤液,用旋转蒸发仪减压除去溶剂,用常压硅胶柱层析分离产物,最后共得标题化合物72mg,产率57.1%,mp 214-216℃(dec)。
ESIMS:m/z=293.1[M+H]+
实施例21 1,6-二苄基-5-碘尿嘧啶的制备(化合物21)
将38mg(0.13mmol)1,6-二苄基尿嘧啶溶于3ml冰醋酸中,后加入17mg(0.072mmol)PbO2,18mg(0.072mmol)I2,50℃搅拌反应8小时,过滤出PbO2,并用少量冰醋酸洗涤PbO2,向滤液中加入60ml H2O,立即有白色棉絮状物质出现,抽滤出白色物质,并用H2O洗涤数次,最后用冷的乙醚洗涤,使之置于真空干燥器中干燥保存,最后得标题化合物46mg,产率84.7%,mp 186-188℃。
ESIMS:m/z=419.1[M+H]+
1H-NMR(300MHZ,DMSO-d6)δ:11.84(s,1H,N3-H),7.35~7.23(m,10H,Ph-H),5.00(s,2H,NCH2Ph),3.99(s,2H,CCH2Ph).
13C-NMR(75MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:42.17(C
CH2Ph),44.88(NCH2Ph),73.21(C-5),151.35(C-2),154.78(C-6),161.18(C-4),127.46,127.68,128.14,128.81,128.86,129.11,135.74,137.47(Carom).
实施例22 1,6-二苄基-5-溴尿嘧啶的制备(化合物22)
1,6-二苄基尿嘧啶(29mg,0.1mmol)溶于3ml冰醋酸中,加入14mg(0.055mmol)PbO2,0.12ml Br2和甲醇的混合液(其中含10ul,0.21mmol Br2),室温反应10小时后向反应液中加入2ml冰醋酸,用抽滤漏斗过滤出PbO2,并用少量冰醋酸洗涤PbO2,向滤液中加入70ml H2O,立即有白色棉絮状物质出现,用抽滤漏斗过滤出白色物质,并用H2O洗涤数次,最后用冷的乙醚洗涤,使之置于真空干燥器中干燥,最后得标题化合物31mg,产率83.8%,mp 201-203℃。
ESIMS:m/z=371.0,373.0[M+H]+
1H-NMR(500MHZ,DMSO-d6)δ:11.979(s,1H,N3-H),7.713~7.906(m,10H,Ph-H),4.982(s,2H,NCH2Ph),3.931(s,2H,CCH2Ph).
13C-NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:38.50(C
CH2Ph),44.70(NCH2Ph),96.12(C-5),150.88(C-6),151.92(C-2),159.88(C-4),127.54,127.72,128.13,128.44,128.70,128.83,128.91,129.15,135.57,137.31(Carom).
实施例23 对所合成的化合物进行HIV-1逆转录酶的生物活性评价
一实验原理
1.逆转录酶:
逆转录酶是以单链RNA为模板,合成双链DNA的DNA聚合酶。是多功能酶,拥有分别以RNA或DNA为模板合成聚合酶及核糖核酸酶H活性。
2.核苷酸微孔板共价键交联
核酸分子杂交按作用环境分为固相杂交和液相杂交两种类型。固相杂交是将参加反应的一条核酸固定在固相支持物上,另一条核酸反应链游离在溶液中。本实验将作为引物的oligo(dT)15的5’端磷酸化后与NUNC公司的96孔氨基板的表面发生共价交联,从而使反应在固相支持物上进行。
CovaLinkTM NH:是一种在聚苯乙烯的表面附有NH2基团的微孔板。在微孔表面大约含有1014个NH2基团/cm2,蛋白质和多肽可以通过C端或N端结合到微孔板上,核苷酸的5’端磷酸化后可以结合到微孔板表面上,使得整个反应在固相支持物上进行。
3.反应原理:以oligo(dT)15为引物,poly A(mRNA 3’端聚腺苷酸)为模板,dTTP和生物素标记的dUTP为底物,在逆转录酶的作用下,掺入合成DNA。生物素标记的dUTP和碱性磷脂酶(ALP)标记的链亲合素(SA)特异性结合,而与链亲和素共轭的碱性磷脂酶与PNPP能发生显色反应,在405nm可根据吸光度的大小,判定逆转录酶的反应活性。
二材料与方法
2.1材料与仪器
HIV-1逆转录酶HIV-1 RT为基因工程重组酶;AMV逆转录酶(AMV-RT)由SIGMA公司提供;膦甲酸钠(PFA,由江苏正大天晴制药有限公司生产,批号:0406012);奈韦拉平(NVP,上海迪赛诺制药有限公司,批号:DH027-4-0409016)。Oligo(dT)15(5’末端磷酸化的寡聚胸苷,由大连宝生物工程有限公司合成);96孔酶标板(CovaLink NH,丹麦NUNC公司);biotin-11-dUTP(生物素标记的三磷酸脱氧尿苷,上海申友),其它试剂均为进口试剂。酶标仪(Bio-Rad,BenchmarkPlus,USA)。
2.2实验方法
2.2.1 Oligo(dT)15包被板的制备
将Oligo(dT)15溶于100mM的1-甲基-咪唑的盐酸缓冲液中(pH 7.4),加入96孔酶标板中,与水溶性碳化二亚胺混匀,于50℃水浴中反应4小时,反应结束后用洗液(50mmol/LTris-HCl,pH 7.5)洗三遍,除去未结合的Oligo(dT)15,将包被后的96孔板置4℃保存。
2.2.2 HIV-1 RT活性检测
反应系统总体积为100ul,含50mmol/L Tris-HCl,pH8.3,3mmol/L MgCl2,75mmol/LKCl,5mmol/L DTT,0.13mg/ml BSA(小牛血清白蛋白),10ug/ml poly(A),0.75μMbiotin-11-dUTP,1.5μM dTTP及适量酶,37℃水浴1小时,用洗液(50mmol/L Tris-HCl,pH 7.5,0.15mol/L NaCl,0.05mmol/L MgCl2,0.02%Tween20)洗三次,除去未结合的游离底物;每孔加入100ul 1%BSA,室温封闭30分钟,阻止生物素与链亲和素蛋白的非特异性结合,洗板;每孔加入50μl的SA-ALP稀释液(100ng/ml),37℃水浴1小时,洗板;每孔加入50μl PNPP(1mg/ml,pH=9.5),37℃水浴30分钟;每孔加入0.5mol/L的NaOH终止反应,酶标仪测定405nm波长处A值,以确定HIV-1 RT的活性;同时设置不加酶的阴性对照,计算实验孔A值/阴性孔A值(P/N值)。
三实验结果(见表1)
表1
由上表实验结果可看出,在C5位上的取代基相同时,N1位连有苄氧甲基的化合物对HIV-1逆转录酶的抑制率最高,其次是N1乙氧甲基化合物,活性最差的是N1苄基取代化合物,分析原因可能是苄基的脂肪碳链长度较短,不利于与HIV-1逆转录酶结合;而当N1位上的取代基相同时,C5位连有碘或二甲氨基时化合物的活性最高,溴次之,甲氨基活性最弱。在上述化合物中,化合物5、6、7、8、9、10这六个化合物的活性比奈韦拉平(NVP)高出3.6-627倍。可深入研究此类化合物的构效关系,以便合成出活性更高的抗HIV-1逆转录酶的化合物。
Claims (4)
1.通式I化合物
其中,R1为NO2,X,NH2,NHCH3、N(CH3)2等取代氨基;
R2为H、Ph、取代芳烃;
R3为CH3,C2H5,X,NO2,NH2,NHCH3、N(CH3)2等取代氨基;
R为O、CH2.
某些所保护的化合物名称举例为:
1-苄氧甲基-5-碘-6-苄基尿嘧啶,1-苄氧甲基-5-溴-6-苄基尿嘧啶,1-苄氧甲基-5-N,N-二甲基氨基-6-苄基尿嘧啶,1-乙氧甲基-5-碘-6-苄基尿嘧啶,1-乙氧甲基-5-溴-6-苄基尿嘧啶,1-乙氧甲基-5-N,N-二甲基氨基-6-苄基尿嘧啶,1-苄氧甲基-5-甲基氨基-6-苄基尿嘧啶,1-乙氧甲基-5-甲基氨基-6-苄基尿嘧啶,1,6-二苄基-5-N,N-二甲基氨基尿嘧啶,1,6-二苄基-5-甲基氨基尿嘧啶,1,6-二苄基-5-碘尿嘧啶,1,6-二苄基-5-溴尿嘧啶。
2.合成上述化合物的图1描述的方法。(图1见第2页)
3.对上述化合物进行HIV-1逆转录酶生物活性评价方法。
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CN111909100A (zh) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-11-10 | 武汉大学 | 一种高效制备尿嘧啶和胸腺嘧啶衍生物的方法 |
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2007
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US8334295B2 (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2012-12-18 | Korea Research Institute Of Chemical Technology | Pyrimidine derivatives as HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors |
US8354421B2 (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2013-01-15 | Korea Research Insitute Of Chemical Technology | HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors |
US8119800B2 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2012-02-21 | Korea Research Institute Of Chemical Technology | Processes for preparing HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors |
CN102001994A (zh) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-04-06 | 北京大学 | 新型吡啶酮类hiv-1逆转录酶抑制剂的制备及其应用 |
CN102001994B (zh) * | 2010-10-22 | 2014-07-09 | 北京大学 | 吡啶酮类hiv-1逆转录酶抑制剂的制备及其应用 |
CN102838549A (zh) * | 2011-06-23 | 2012-12-26 | 北京大学 | 具有抗hiv病毒作用的新一类1,5,6-取代嘧啶衍生物 |
CN103864699A (zh) * | 2012-12-11 | 2014-06-18 | 北京大学 | 具有抗HBV病毒且兼具抗HIV和HCV病毒作用的新一类非核苷S-DABOs嘧啶酮衍生物的制备和应用 |
CN104119283A (zh) * | 2013-04-24 | 2014-10-29 | 北京大学 | Hiv逆转录酶/整合酶双靶点抑制剂6-苯甲酰基取代尿嘧啶类化合物的制备及应用 |
CN111909100A (zh) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-11-10 | 武汉大学 | 一种高效制备尿嘧啶和胸腺嘧啶衍生物的方法 |
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