CN101010348A - 通过喷雾聚合制备聚合物的方法 - Google Patents
通过喷雾聚合制备聚合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101010348A CN101010348A CNA2005800295401A CN200580029540A CN101010348A CN 101010348 A CN101010348 A CN 101010348A CN A2005800295401 A CNA2005800295401 A CN A2005800295401A CN 200580029540 A CN200580029540 A CN 200580029540A CN 101010348 A CN101010348 A CN 101010348A
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- monomer
- initiator
- carrier gas
- acid
- water
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- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylfumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)C(C)=CC(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XXQBGBUZLWZPKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-prop-2-enoylbuta-2,3-dienamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NC(=O)C=C=C XXQBGBUZLWZPKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-M nonanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-M pent-4-enoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC=C HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
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- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
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- C08F2/10—Aqueous solvent
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- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
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- C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
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- C08F20/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F20/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms, Derivatives thereof
- C08F20/04—Acids, Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
- C08F20/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
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Abstract
本发明涉及通过喷雾聚合制备聚合物的方法。根据该方法,单体溶液包含基于单体为0.01-0.2重量%的至少一种交联剂b)。本发明还涉及所述聚合物在增稠液体中的用途以及喷雾聚合制备聚合物的设备。
Description
本发明涉及一种通过喷雾聚合制备聚合物的方法,还涉及它们在增稠液体中的用途以及通过喷雾聚合生产聚合物的设备。
本发明的另外实施方案可由权利要求、说明书和实施例看出。应理解的是在不偏离本发明的范围下,上文所述的和将在下文更特别描述的本发明的主题特征不仅可用于所述具体组合,还可用于其它组合。
WO-A-99/14246描述了在可电离的稳定剂存在下通过乳液聚合制备聚合物。将聚合分散体喷雾干燥。由此得到的聚合物粉末可用作增稠剂或絮凝剂。
EP-A-0 398 151描述了通过喷雾干燥聚合物水溶液或分散体制备聚合增稠剂。
DE-A-195 06 287描述了制备用于印刷浆的增稠剂。该增稠剂通过乳液聚合、共沸脱水和过滤制备。
GB-A-0 777 306描述了通过喷雾聚合制备聚合物。该反应通过酰胺如丙烯酰胺、乙酰胺以及部分水解的聚丙烯腈催化。该聚合物也可用作用于合成树脂分散体的增稠剂。
US-A-3,644,305公开了喷雾聚合制备低分子聚合物的方法。该聚合在高压下进行。
根据WO-A-96/40427专利申请,喷雾聚合方法通过将单体溶液喷雾到基本静态的热气中进行。在此过程中,喷雾液滴中的单体聚合并且液滴同时得以干燥。在减压时,产生的聚合物球中的含水量明显降低,但聚合物颗粒表面粗糙。在高压下,得到光滑的聚合物球。该申请教导粒度可以通过喷嘴孔来调节。
J.Appl.Pol.Sci.,第87卷,2003,第1034-1043页,以及J.Appl.Pol.Sci.,第88卷,2003,第928-935页描述了丙烯酸钠的喷雾聚合。仅过硫酸盐用作引发剂。试验在空气气氛中逆流进行。所得聚合物的增稠效果很小。尽管采用高的交联剂浓度,10重量%的含水溶液的粘度也不超过3900mPas。
本发明的目的是提供一种用于生产聚合增稠剂的改进方法。
我们发现该目的通过包含如下组分的单体溶液喷雾聚合的方法而实现:
a)至少一种水溶性烯属不饱和单体,
b)至少一种交联剂,
c)至少一种引发剂,
d)水,
其中所述单体溶液包含基于单体a)为0.01-0.2重量%以及优选0.05-0.15重量%的交联剂b)。
反应可以在惰性载气存在下进行,在此惰性应理解为载气不会与单体溶液中的成分反应。载气优选为氮气。惰性载气中的氧含量有利地低于1体积%,优选低于0.5体积%,更优选低于0.1体积%。
惰性载气可与单体溶液的自由下落的液滴并流或逆流,优选并流通过反应空间。优选地,载气一次通过后至少部分,优选不少于50%以及更优选不少于75%作为循环气体返回反应空间。通常,每次通过后部分载气,优选不少于10%从体系中除去。
优选气体速度使得由于例如相对于流体的常规方向无对流漩涡而使反应器中流体为层状,并且例如为0.02-1.5m/s以及优选0.05-0.4m/s。
反应温度优选为70-250℃,更优选80-190℃,最优选90-140℃。
单体a)在单体溶液中的浓度通常为2-80重量%,优选5-70重量%,更优选10-60重量%。
单体a)在水中的溶解度通常为不小于1g/100g水,优选不小于5g/100g水,更优选不小于25g/100g水,最优选不小于50g/100g水。
烯属不饱和单体a)例如为烯属不饱和C3-C6羧酸。这些化合物例如为丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、乙基丙烯酸、α-氯丙烯酸、巴豆酸、马来酸、马来酸酐、衣康酸、柠檬酸、中康酸、戊烯二酸、丙烯三甲酸和富马酸以及这些酸的碱金属盐或铵盐。
其它可聚合的单体a)为丙烯酰胺丙烷磺酸、乙烯基膦酸和/或乙烯基磺酸的碱金属盐或铵盐。在聚合中同样可以未中和的形式或部分中和或100%中和的形式使用其它酸。
也可使用单烯属不饱和磺酸或膦酸,如烯丙基磺酸、丙烯酸磺乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸磺乙基酯、丙烯酸磺丙基酯、甲基丙烯酸磺丙基酯、2-羟基-3-丙烯酰基氧基丙磺酸、2-羟基-3-甲基丙酰基氧基丙磺酸、烯丙基膦酸、苯乙烯磺酸和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸。
其它单体a)例如为丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、巴豆酰胺、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙基酯、丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙基酯、丙烯酸二甲基氨基丙基酯、丙烯酸二乙基氨基丙基酯、丙烯酸二甲基氨基丁基酯、甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸二乙基氨基乙基酯、丙烯酸二甲基氨基新戊基酯和甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基新戊基酯及它们例如用氯代甲烷的季铵化物、丙烯酸羟乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙基酯、丙烯酸羟丙基酯和甲基丙烯酸羟丙基酯。
其它单体a)为可通过含氮杂环和/或羧酰胺如乙烯基咪唑、乙烯基吡唑以及乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯基己内酰胺和乙烯基甲酰胺与乙炔反应得到的单体,且所述单体也可以例如用氯代甲烷季铵化,以及可通过含氮化合物如二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵与烯丙醇或烯丙基氯反应而得到的单体。
还可以使用乙烯基和烯丙基酯以及乙烯基和烯丙基醚,如乙酸乙烯酯、乙酸烯丙基酯、甲基乙烯基醚和甲基烯丙基醚作为单体a)。
单体a)可以单独使用或各自或相互混合使用,例如包含两种、三种、四种或更多种单体a)的混合物。
优选的单体a)为丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸和这些酸的碱金属盐或铵盐、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、衣康酸、乙烯基甲酰胺、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯基咪唑、季铵化的乙烯基咪唑、乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯基磺酸钠、乙烯基膦酸、丙烯酸羟乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙基酯、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸、二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵及其混合物。
单体a)优选用市售的阻聚剂稳定,更优选用仅与氧一起起作用的阻聚剂稳定,如氢醌单甲基醚。
市售阻聚剂是为了产品安全在各单体中用作储存稳定剂的阻聚剂。这样的储存稳定剂例如为氢醌、氢醌单甲基醚、2,5-二叔丁基氢醌和2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚。
优选的阻聚剂要求为了优化性能的溶解氧。因此,阻聚剂可在聚合前通过惰性化而除去溶解氧,即将惰性气体,优选氮气流过它们。聚合前单体溶液中的氧含量优选降低到小于1重量ppm,更优选小于0.5重量ppm。
单体a)的聚合在一种交联剂b)或各种交联剂b)的组合存在下进行。交联剂为具有两个或更多个可聚合基团的化合物。
合适的交联剂b)例如有多元醇的(甲基)丙烯酸酯,其可以已经用至多100,通常至多50个氧化乙烯和/或氧化丙烯单元烷氧基化。合适的多元醇尤其是具有2-6个羟基的C2-C10链烷多元醇,如乙二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇或山梨醇。优选的交联剂为聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯和聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯,各自衍生于分子量为200-2000的聚乙二醇(可以认为是乙氧基化的乙二醇)。另外有用的交联剂b)为亚甲基二丙烯酰胺、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、己二醇二丙烯酸酯、己二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯或由氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯形成的嵌段共聚物的二丙烯酸酯和二甲基丙烯酸酯。
有用的交联剂b)进一步包括碳酸二烯丙酯、多元醇的碳酸烯丙酯或烯丙基醚,该多元醇可以已经用至多100,通常至多50个氧化乙烯和/或氧化丙烯单元烷氧基化,以及多元羧酸的烯丙基酯。
多元醇的碳酸烯丙酯符合通式I:
其中A为可以已经用0-100,通常为0-50个氧化乙烯和/或氧化丙烯单元烷氧基化的多元醇的基团;且n表示醇的元数,如2-10,优选2-5的整数。这种化合物特别优选的实例为乙二醇二(碳酸烯丙酯)。尤其还合适的是衍生于分子量为200-2000的聚乙二醇的聚乙二醇二(碳酸烯丙酯)。
烯丙基醚的优选实例有:衍生于分子量为200-2000的聚乙二醇的聚乙二醇二烯丙基醚;季戊四醇三烯丙基醚或三羟甲基丙烷二烯丙基醚。还可以使用乙二醇二缩水甘油醚或聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚与2mol烯丙醇和/或季戊四醇三烯丙基醚的反应产物。
多官能羧酸的合适烯丙基酯例如为邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯。
单体在引发剂c)存在下在水溶液中各自或相互进行聚合。
引发剂c)以常规的量使用,例如基于待聚合的单体为0.001-5重量%,优选0-01-1重量%。
有用的引发剂c)包括在聚合条件下分解为自由基的所有化合物,如过氧化物、氢过氧化物、过氧化氢、过硫酸盐、偶氮化合物和氧化还原引发剂。优选使用水溶性引发剂。在某种情况下使用各种引发剂的混合物是有利的,如过氧化氢和过二硫酸钠或过二硫酸钾的混合物。过氧化氢和过二硫酸钠的混合物可以任意比例使用。
有用的有机过氧化物例如为乙酰丙酮过氧化物、甲乙酮过氧化物、叔丁基过氧化氢、异丙基苯过氧化氢、叔戊基过新戊酸酯、叔丁基过新戊酸酯、叔丁基过新己酸酯、叔丁基过异丁酸酯、叔丁基过-2-乙基己酸酯、叔丁基过异壬酸酯、叔丁基过马来酸酯、叔丁基过苯甲酸酯、二(2-乙基己基)过氧二碳酸酯、二环己基过氧二碳酸酯、二(4-叔丁基环己基)过氧二碳酸酯、二肉豆蔻基过氧二碳酸酯、二乙酰基过氧二碳酸酯、烯丙基过酸酯、枯基过氧新癸酸酯、叔丁基过-3,5,5-三甲基己酸酯、乙酰基环己基磺酰过氧化物、过氧化二月桂酰、过氧化二苯甲酰和叔戊基过新癸酸酯。
优选的引发剂c)为偶氮化合物,如2,2’-偶氮二异丁腈、2,2’-偶氮二(2,4-二甲基戊腈)和2,2’-偶氮二(4-甲氧基-2,4-二甲基戊腈),尤其是水溶性偶氮引发剂,如2,2’-偶氮二{2-[1-(2-羟乙基)-2-咪唑啉-2-基]丙烷}二氢氯化物、2,2’-偶氮二(2-脒基丙烷)二氢氯化物、2,2’-偶氮二[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷]二氢氯化物和2,2’-偶氮二[2-(5-甲基-2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷]二氢氯化物。非常特别优选2,2’-偶氮二[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷]二氢氯化物和2,2’-偶氮二[2-(5-甲基-2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷]二氢氯化物。
氧化还原引发剂也是另外优选的引发剂c)。在氧化还原引发剂中,氧化组分为上述过氧化物中的至少一种,还原组分例如为抗坏血酸、葡萄糖、山梨糖、亚硫酸氢铵、亚硫酸铵、硫代硫酸铵、连二亚硫酸铵、焦亚硫酸铵、硫化铵、碱金属亚硫酸氢盐、碱金属亚硫酸盐、碱金属硫代硫酸盐、碱金属连亚二硫酸盐、碱金属焦亚硫酸盐、碱金属硫化物或羟甲基次硫酸钠。在氧化还原催化剂中的还原组分优选为抗坏血酸或焦亚硫酸钠。基于聚合中所用的单体量,例如使用1×10-5-1mol%的氧化还原催化剂的还原组分。
尤其优选的是通过高能辐射作用诱发聚合,在这种情况下通常使用光引发剂作为引发剂c)。有用的光引发剂例如包括α-分裂、H-夺取体系或叠氮化物。这种引发剂的实例有二苯甲酮衍生物如米蚩酮、菲衍生物、芴衍生物、蒽醌衍生物、噻吨酮衍生物、香豆素衍生物、苯偶姻醚及其衍生物、偶氮化合物如上面提到的形成自由基的化合物、取代的六芳基双咪唑或酰基氧化膦,尤其是2-羟基-2-甲基苯基.乙基酮(Darocure1173)。叠氮化物的实例有2-(N,N-二甲氨基)乙基4-叠氮肉桂酸酯、2-(N,N-二甲氨基)乙基4-叠氮萘基酮、2-(N,N-二甲氨基)乙基4-叠氮苯甲酸酯、5-叠氮-1-萘基2’-(N,N-二甲氨基)乙基砜、N-(4-磺酰基叠氮苯基)马来酰亚胺、N-乙酰基-4-磺酰基叠氮苯胺、4-磺酰基叠氮苯胺、4-叠氮苯胺、4-叠氮苯甲酰甲基溴、对-叠氮苯甲酸、2,6-二(对-叠氮亚苄基)环己酮和2,6-二(对-叠氮亚苄基)-4-甲基环己酮。
特别优选的引发剂c)为偶氮引发剂如2,2’-偶氮二[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷]二氢氯化物和2,2’-偶氮二[2-(5-甲基-2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷]二氢氯化物,以及光引发剂如2-羟基-2-甲基苯基·乙基酮和1-[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-2-羟基-2-甲基-1-丙-1-酮,氧化还原引发剂如过二硫酸钠/羟甲基亚磺酸、过二硫酸铵/羟甲基亚磺酸、过氧化氢/羟甲基亚磺酸、过二硫酸钠/抗坏血酸、过二硫酸铵/抗坏血酸和过氧化氢/抗坏血酸,光引发剂如1-[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-2-羟基-2-甲基-1-丙-1-酮,以及其混合物。
单体溶液包含水作为组分d)。
单体溶液的pH并不重要。但是,为了满足产品需要,本发明聚合物的pH可以借助单体溶液的pH而调节到所需范围。例如对于化妆品应用的聚合物的pH应该约为7。
反应优选在适于喷雾干燥的设备中进行。这样的反应器例如描述于K.Masters,Spray Drying Handbook,第五版,Longman,1991,第23-66页。
本发明方法中可使用一个或多个喷嘴。可用的喷嘴并不受任何限制。待喷雾分散的液体可在加压下供入该喷嘴中。此时可在液体达到某一最小速率之后在喷嘴孔中通过使液体减压而使待喷雾分散的液体雾化。对本发明而言,还可使用单材质喷嘴,例如缝式喷嘴或涡流或旋转室(全锥形喷嘴,例如可由德国的Düsen-Schlick GmbH得到,或由德国的Spraying SystemsDeutschland GmbH得到)。
对本发明而言,优选全锥形喷嘴。其中优选喷雾锥形开角为60-180°,特别优选喷雾锥形开角为90-120°的那些。对本发明而言,由于喷雾导致的平均液滴直径通常小于1000μm,优选小于200μm,更优选小于100μm且通常大于10μm,优选大于20μm,更优选大于50μm,并且可通过常规方法如光散射测定,或通过参考可由喷嘴制造商得到的特性曲线测定。有利的是每个喷嘴的喷出量为0.1-10m3/h,通常为0.5-5m3/h。
喷射过程中产生的液滴直径有利地为10-1000μm,优选50-500μm,更优选10-150μm,最优选10-45μm。
该反应也可在单体溶液可以单分散液滴形式自由下落的设备中进行。适合于此的设备例如如US-A-5,269,980,第三栏,第25行至32行中所述。
同样可以通过层状喷射崩解形成液滴,如Rev.Sci.Instr.,第38卷(1966),第502-506页中所述。
优选通过喷雾形成液滴,尤其当使用光引发剂时。本发明方法中的液滴形成提供具有低粉尘、最佳堆积密度和良好流动性的聚合增稠剂。
然而,如果需要单体溶液的高处理量,优选将单体溶液喷雾到反应空间。
聚合反应器的反应空间可以在过压或低压下进行,优选低于环境压力达100毫巴的低压。
聚合速率和干燥速率通常具有不同的温度依赖性。这意味着,例如喷射液滴在达到所需转化之前干燥。因此,有利的是分开控制反应速率和干燥速率。
干燥速率可以通过惰性气体的水蒸气含量来控制。惰性气体的水蒸气含量通常为至多90体积%,优选至多50体积%。
聚合速率可以通过所用引发剂体系的特性和量来控制。
有利的是使用偶氮化合物或氧化还原引发剂作为引发剂c)用于控制聚合速率。例如与用纯过氧引发剂相比,用偶氮化合物或氧化还原引发剂经由引发剂的选择、引发剂浓度和反应温度可更好的控制聚合的启动(starting)特性。
光引发剂尤其有利。当使用光引发剂时,干燥速率可以通过温度而控制到所需值,不会由此同时对自由基形成过程产生明显影响。
有利的是将载气预热至反应器上游70-250℃,优选80-190℃,更优选90-140℃的反应温度。
反应废气,即离开反应空间的载气例如可在热交换器中冷却。水和未转化的单体在该工艺中冷凝。然后,可将反应废气至少部分再加热并作为再循环气体返回至反应器中。优选将再循环气体冷却,以使冷却的再循环气体具有反应所需的水蒸气含量。可从体系中除去部分反应废气并用新鲜载气代替,此时可分离出存在于反应废气中的未转化单体并将其再循环。
特别优选能量整合体系,其中将反应废气冷却中释放的部分热量用于加热循环气体。
反应器可以微加热。调节任何微加热以使壁温比反应器的内部温度高不低于5℃且可有效避免在反应器壁冷凝。
反应产物以常规方式,优选在底部经由输送螺杆从反应空间中取出,以及合适的话干燥至所需残留湿含量和所需残留单体含量。
本发明进一步提供通过用于喷雾聚合制备聚合物的设备,该设备包括:
i)可加热的反应空间,
ii)在反应空间i)上部区域至少一个用于产生液滴的设备,
iii)在反应空间i)上部至少一个载气入口,
iv)至少一个载气预热器,
v)在反应空间i)下部至少一个载气出口,
vi)合适的话,至少一个用于将从载气出口v)取出的至少部分载气返回到载气入口(iii的装置,
vii)在反应空间i)下部区域至少一个用于产物排出的输送装置,和
viii)至少一个辐射源,优选在反应空间i)上部,其中反应空间上部区域为反应空间体积上部30%,优选上部20%,尤其是上部10%,反应空间下部区域为反应空间体积下部30%,优选下部20%,尤其是下部10%。
装置vi)包括压缩机、定率计和可调解阀。压缩机提高载气的压力从而能够使它返回载气入口iii)。返回的载气速率通过定率计和可调解阀设定。
辐射源不受任何限制;该辐射源优选与使用的光引发剂一致。优选使用紫外灯,优选输出功率为0.5-20kW,更优选2-10kW的紫外灯,例如为镀铁的水银灯。
本发明方法有利的是将聚合增稠剂的生产与干燥结合在一个操作中,其中聚合热可以同时用于干燥。
本发明方法制备的聚合增稠剂由于其粒度小和相关的表面积大而能够快速溶解,同时由于液滴大小在单体溶液的喷雾过程设定而使该聚合增稠剂具有少量的细尘,特别是尺寸小于10μm的颗粒。
本发明方法也可用于制备较小的聚合物颗粒,该颗粒随后以常规方式例如通过悬浮在工业级白油中而粘液化。
可通过本发明方法制备的聚合增稠剂用于增稠液体,尤其是含水体系。
可通过本发明方法得到的聚合增稠剂为水溶性的,尽管在某些情况下也能得到轻微浑浊的胶状溶液。用本发明方法制备的聚合增稠剂而产生的增稠的液体不含微粒结构。
例如,如果水用本发明方法制得的聚合增稠剂增稠,并且通过加入水将增稠的溶液粘度调整至小于100mPas(根据德国标准DIN51562测量),滤过孔径约为5μm的过滤器(例如通过来自Schleicher&Schull的S&S 589Schwarzband过滤纸的方式)不会留下可检测的残余物。残余物的量通过用水清洗、干燥和后称重而测定。
通过本发明方法制备的聚合增稠剂用作含水体系的增稠剂,如作为纸张涂料、颜料印刷糊和水性涂料如建筑涂料。它们还用于化妆品,例如作为发用化妆品,如护理剂或头发定型组合物或用作增稠剂用于化妆品配制剂以及用于皮革的表面处理。
包含通过本发明方法生产的聚合物的2重量%水溶液的粘度在23℃下为不低于5000mPas,优选不低于10000mPas,更优选不低20000mPas。
实施例
实施例1(比较例)
将7.8kg丙烯酸、22g Irgacure2959(来自瑞士CibaSpezialittenchemie的1-[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-2-羟基-2-甲基-1-丙-1-酮)和12g 2,2’-偶氮二(N,N’-二亚甲基异丁脒)二氢氯化物(来自德国WakoDeutschland的V44偶氮引发剂)溶于10kg水中。将该溶液喷雾分散在加热的喷雾塔中,所述喷雾塔8m高和2m宽并充满氮气(100℃,气体速度为0.1m/s,并流)。在最上面的第三个喷雾塔,液滴经过6个镀铁的水银紫外灯(每个6kW)。在喷雾塔的底部得到干燥的白色粉末。平均粒度为11μm。该粉末在水中形成清液。1重量%溶液的pH为7,粘度为2000mPas。
实施例2
将7.8kg丙烯酸、7.8g聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯400、22g Irgacure2959(来自瑞士Ciba Spezialittenchemie的1-[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-2-羟基-2-甲基-1-丙-1-酮)和12g 2,2’-偶氮二(N,N’-二亚甲基异丁脒)二氢氯化物(来自德国Wako Deutschland的V44偶氮引发剂)溶于10kg水中。将该溶液喷雾分散在加热的喷雾塔中,所述喷雾塔8m高和2m宽并充满氮气(100℃,气体速度为0.1m/s,并流)。在最上面的第三个喷雾塔,液滴经过6个镀铁的水银紫外灯(每个6kW)。在喷雾塔的底部得到干燥的白色粉末。平均粒度为12μm。该粉末在水中形成清液。1重量%溶液的pH为7,粘度为41000mPas。
实施例3
将7.0kg丙烯酸、0.8g丙烯酰胺、7.8g聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯400、22gIrgacure2959(来自瑞士Ciba Spezialittenchemie的1-[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-2-羟基-2-甲基-1-丙-1-酮)和12g 2,2’-偶氮二(N,N’-二亚甲基异丁脒)二氢氯化物(来自德国Wako Deutschland的V44偶氮引发剂)溶于10kg水中。将该溶液喷雾分散在加热的喷雾塔中,所述塔8m高和2m宽并充满氮气(100℃,气体速度为0.1m/s,并流)。在最上面的第三个喷雾塔,液滴经过6个镀铁的水银紫外灯(每个6kW)。在喷雾塔的底部得到干燥的白色粉末。平均粒度为12μm。该粉末在水中形成清液。1重量%溶液的pH为7,粘度为36000mPas。
实施例4
将7.0kg丙烯酸、0.8g丙烯酰胺、7.8g聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯400和33g 2,2’-偶氮二(N,N’-二亚甲基异丁脒)二氢氯化物(来自德国WakoDeutschland的V44偶氮引发剂)溶于10kg水中。将该溶液喷雾分散在加热的喷雾塔中,所述喷雾塔8m高和2m宽并充满氮气(120℃,气体速度为0.1m/s,并流)。在喷雾塔的底部得到干燥的白色粉末。平均粒度为15μm。该粉末在水中形成清液。1重量%溶液的pH为7,粘度为32000mPas。
实施例5
将33g 2,2’-偶氮二(N,N’-二亚甲基异丁脒)二氢氯化物(来自德国Wako Deutschland的V44偶氮引发剂)和7.8g聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯400溶于20.8kg含水丙烯酸钠溶液(37.5%)中。将该溶液喷雾分散在加热的喷雾塔中,所述喷雾塔8m高和2m宽并充满氮气(120℃,气体速度为0.1m/s,并流)。在喷雾塔的底部得到干燥的白色粉末。平均粒度为15μm。该粉末在水中形成清液。1重量%溶液的pH为7,粘度为30000mPas。
实施例6
将33g 2,2’-偶氮二(N,N’-二亚甲基异丁脒)二氢氯化物(来自德国Wako Deutschland的V44偶氮引发剂)、0.8g丙烯酰胺和4g聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯400溶于18.7kg含水丙烯酸钠溶液(37.5%)和2.1kg水中。将该溶液喷雾分散在加热的喷雾塔中,所述喷雾塔8m高和2m宽并充满氮气(120℃,气体速度为0.1m/s,并流)。在喷雾塔的底部得到干燥的白色粉末。平均粒度为14μm。该粉末在水中形成清液。1重量%溶液的pH为7,粘度为40000mPas。
实施例7
将33g 2,2’-偶氮二(N,N’-二亚甲基异丁脒)二氢氯化物(来自德国Wako Deutschland的V44偶氮引发剂)、7.8g聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯400和0.8g丙烯酸溶于18.7kg含水丙烯酸钠溶液(37.5%)和2.1kg水中。将该溶液喷雾分散在加热的喷雾塔中,所述喷雾塔8m高和2m宽并充满氮气(120℃,气体速度为0.1m/s,并流)。在喷雾塔的底部得到干燥的白色粉末。平均粒度为15μm。该粉末在水中形成清液。1重量%溶液的pH为7,粘度为37000mPas。
Claims (12)
1.一种通过包含如下组分的单体溶液喷雾聚合而制备聚合物的方法:
a)至少一种水溶性烯属不饱和单体,
b)至少一种交联剂,
c)至少一种引发剂,
d)水,
其中所述单体溶液包含基于单体a)为0.01-0.2重量%的交联剂b)。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述反应在惰性载气存在下进行。
3.根据权利要求2的方法,其中所述载气一次通过后至少部分再循环到反应空间。
4.根据权利要求2或3的方法,其中所述载气并流通过反应空间。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的方法,其中所述单体a)为丙烯酸、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、季铵化的乙烯基咪唑、丙烯酰胺、季铵化的丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙基酯和/或二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的方法,其中所述引发剂c)为偶氮化合物、氧化还原引发剂或光引发剂。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的方法,其中所述引发剂c)为光引发剂。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项的方法,其中调节喷雾分散的单体溶液的液滴大小致使得到的聚合物初始粒度为10-150μm。
9.用于喷雾聚合的设备,其中反应空间包括至少一个辐射源。
10.根据权利要求9的设备,包括至少一个用于载气再循环的装置。
11.通过根据权利要求1-8中任一项的方法得到的聚合物在增稠液体中的用途。
12.一种用于增稠含水流体的方法,包括一种根据权利要求1-8中任一项的制备聚合物的方法。
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CN103304722A (zh) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-09-18 | 合肥聚合辐化技术有限公司 | 利用喷雾聚合法制备高吸水树脂的方法 |
CN103554385A (zh) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-05 | 淄博德信联邦化学工业有限公司 | 由光引发剂引发合成聚合物多元醇 |
CN114388749A (zh) * | 2020-10-21 | 2022-04-22 | 湖南中科星城石墨有限公司 | 一种硅基负极材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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DE102005019398A1 (de) * | 2005-04-25 | 2006-10-26 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Fällungspolymeren durch Sprühpolymerisation |
WO2007093531A1 (de) * | 2006-02-17 | 2007-08-23 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung wasserabsorbierender polymerpartikel durch polymerisation von tropfen einer monomerlösung |
EP2046403B1 (de) | 2006-07-19 | 2015-09-16 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung wasserabsorbierender polymerpartikel mit hoher permeabilität durch polymerisation von tropfen einer monomerlösung |
EP2046400B1 (de) | 2006-07-19 | 2015-09-09 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung nachvernetzter wasserabsorbierender polymerpartikel mit hoher absorption durch polymerisation von tropfen einer monomerlösung |
WO2008009611A1 (de) | 2006-07-19 | 2008-01-24 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung wasserabsorbierender polymerpartikel durch polymerisation von tropfen einer monomerlösung |
RU2464284C2 (ru) | 2006-07-19 | 2012-10-20 | Басф Се | Способ получения водопоглощающих полимерных частиц с высокой проницаемостью путем полимеризации капель мономерного раствора |
MY148533A (en) * | 2006-07-19 | 2013-04-30 | Basf Se | Method for producing water-absorbent polymer particles with a higher permeability by polymerising droplets of a monomer solution |
ATE501178T1 (de) | 2006-10-05 | 2011-03-15 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung wasserabsorbierender polymerpartikel durch polymerisation von tropfen einer monomerlösung |
US7951304B2 (en) | 2006-12-22 | 2011-05-31 | Basf Se | Method for producing mechanically stable water-absorbent polymer particles |
EP2125047B1 (de) | 2006-12-22 | 2015-09-16 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung mechanisch stabiler wasserabsorbierender polymerpartikel |
DE102008043523A1 (de) * | 2007-11-16 | 2009-05-20 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyvinylpyrrolidonen durch Sprühpolymerisation |
JP5322816B2 (ja) * | 2009-07-15 | 2013-10-23 | キヤノン株式会社 | 撮像装置およびその制御方法 |
US9139692B2 (en) | 2010-12-03 | 2015-09-22 | Basf Se | Process for polymerizing lactam |
EP2460838A1 (de) * | 2010-12-03 | 2012-06-06 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur Polymerisation von Lactam |
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EP2787012B1 (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2017-03-29 | LG Chem, Ltd. | Method for preparing superabsorbent polymer |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103304722A (zh) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-09-18 | 合肥聚合辐化技术有限公司 | 利用喷雾聚合法制备高吸水树脂的方法 |
CN103554385A (zh) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-05 | 淄博德信联邦化学工业有限公司 | 由光引发剂引发合成聚合物多元醇 |
CN103554385B (zh) * | 2013-10-31 | 2016-01-13 | 淄博德信联邦化学工业有限公司 | 由光引发剂引发合成聚合物多元醇 |
CN114388749A (zh) * | 2020-10-21 | 2022-04-22 | 湖南中科星城石墨有限公司 | 一种硅基负极材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN114388749B (zh) * | 2020-10-21 | 2024-02-27 | 湖南中科星城石墨有限公司 | 一种硅基负极材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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KR20070067115A (ko) | 2007-06-27 |
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