CN101003877A - Low carbon fast machine steel possessing good machinability, and crumbliness of swarf - Google Patents
Low carbon fast machine steel possessing good machinability, and crumbliness of swarf Download PDFInfo
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- CN101003877A CN101003877A CN 200610098231 CN200610098231A CN101003877A CN 101003877 A CN101003877 A CN 101003877A CN 200610098231 CN200610098231 CN 200610098231 CN 200610098231 A CN200610098231 A CN 200610098231A CN 101003877 A CN101003877 A CN 101003877A
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Abstract
This invention provides low-carbon composite steel with good machinability and chip breakability. The low-carbon composite steel does not contain lead, and has machinability and chip breakability comparable to or even better than those of easily machinable steel. The low-carbon composite steel comprises: Se 0.02-0.30 wt. % or Te 0.01-0.20 wt. %. 0.01 less than wS + 0.15wBi + 0.4wSe + 0.25wTe less than 0.5.1 less than [Mn] / [(S + 0.4Se + 0.25Te)] less than 4. [Se] / [S] less than 0.3. [Te] / [S] less than 0.4.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to free-cutting steel, particularly the compound low-carbon (LC) resulfurizing series free cutting steel that does not add lead of plumbous system of the sulphur of low carbon element in the past or sulphur specifically is a kind of low-carbon free-cutting steel with good machinability and cutting breaking performance for physical construction.
Background technology
For the soft widget that not too needs intensity,, used the good steel of processed performance (machinability and boring property) usually, promptly so-called free-cutting steel for enhancing productivity in the past.The most well-known free-cutting steel is by adding as easily cutting the lead (Pb) of element and the compound free-cutting steel of low-carbon (LC) sulphur that sulphur (S) is given the steel free-cutting machinability.As: added a large amount of sulphur (S), owing to the existence of MnS has improved the sulphur free-cutting steel that is cut performance; Add the lead and easy-cutting steel of plumbous (Pb) and contained S and the two compound free-cutting steel of Pb.The free-cutting steel that particularly contains Pb, machinability, drilling performance are good, can prolong life tools.Above-mentioned free-cutting steel is mainly used in the mechanical part of trolley part, Personal Computer periphery and the parts of the electrical type consumer's goods, and is widely used on the various mechanical parts such as electrical equipment and mould.
In recent years, owing to improved the performance of machining machinery, the mechanical cutting operation is carried out at high speed.Meanwhile, also wish to improve the used steel of mechanical part to be processed, the machinability when High Speed Machining.As the free-cutting machinability of steel, especially show to prolong the machining tool life-span, and the breaking property that reduces the cutting chip that produced, claim smear metal to handle property again.This is very important in the machinery production course of processing of automatic assembly line.
Lead Treated Steel and have good above-mentioned machinability with plumbous and other compound free-cutting steels that improve the machinability element.Yet, in smelting, steel add Pb, need equipment such as sizable exhaust equipment, and the environmental problem of the Pb in follow-up production process is wayward.And lead is familiar with by people day by day to the pollution hazard of environment.In order to protect environment, strengthen the control that Pb uses, wish a kind of free-cutting steel of increasing work efficiency and not containing Pb strongly.
In order to achieve the above object, promptly to propose a kind of improving one's methods, meet or exceed cutting and other performances of lead series free cutting steel.
The Japanese Patent spy opens 2000-160284 and has disclosed by heavy addition S and increase sulfide quantity, utilizes not addition type free cutting steel of Pb that oxygen controls the form of sulfide simultaneously.The Japanese Patent spy opens 2000-319753 and discloses a kind of containing and surpass 0.40% S and increase the MnS amount, but does not add the low-carbon (LC) resulfurizing series free cutting steel of Pb, thinks that this kind steel has improved life tools to a certain extent.The Japanese Patent spy opens 2-6824 and has disclosed by adding the Cr element of easier than Mn of S formation compound, forms CrS and substitutes MnS, to improve the free-cutting steel of machinability.The disclosed free-cutting steel of above patent all is to wish that quantity and its form of control by increasing the sulfide in the steel increase the cutting ability of free-cutting steel when High-speed machining.But as the S element that plays main shear action in steel, itself be to exist as the impurity form, a large amount of existence can increase smelting difficulty and the hot-work extension property and the cold-working extension property of steel.On the other hand, thick sulfide be formed on melting and rolling on the crystal segregation also takes place easily, cause stress concentration, the material produce difficulty increases, and is very unreasonable on the structure design.
Owing in steel, increase more sulfide inclusion, bring too much oxygen easily into, and oxygen forms thick oxide compound in steel, cause steel body surface flaw defective easily.Japanese patent laid-open 1-309946 proposes oxygen level is reduced below 0.0080%, can form surface preferably.The low size of having controlled oxide morphology easily that makes of oxygen level, but lower oxygen level causes sulfide not form in a large number on the one hand, the also just not talkative formation that can control fully the effective oxide morphology of machinability, still may there be the form of various unfavorable cuttings in sulfide, and effect is abundant inadequately concerning the raising of machinability like this.On the other hand, when the oxide morphology that can play shear action controlled, generally all make it to contain a large amount of oxygen in the compound shaped steel of sulphur.But since be not used oxygen can both solid solution in sulfide, so can produce thick oxide impurity simultaneously inevitably, cause flaw to form, so just cause converted products to produce significant deficiency.Therefore, the interpolation quantity of sulphur and oxygen should have certain qualification and ratio.
Japanese Patent is open have been disclosed for 10-287953 number and a kind ofly to add calcium magnesium and form the free-cutting steel that easy calcium oxide/magnesium is the class spindle body sulfide inclusion of core, and has shown cutting ability preferably.
But the oxide compound with calcium magnesium in the steel is the sulfide that core forms, on producing technical requirements higher, the hardware condition harshness lacks general practicality.
The Japanese Patent spy opens clear 50-20917 and discloses a kind of free-cutting steel better to the sintered carbide tools machinability that adds Ti (perhaps Zr or both have), but it is similar with above-mentioned calcium series free cutting steel, it is that core forms sulfide (MnS) with cutting form that this steel is based on the oxide compound of Ti/Zr and sulfide, the formation of its sulfide and the control of form are accurate and accurate to production requirement, the melting of such steel and production technology such as rolling are to have higher technology level, production cost is higher, but does not still have practicality at home at present.
Summary of the invention
What the present invention will solve is exactly the existing problem of above-mentioned existing free-cutting steel, for people provide a kind of compound easy-to-cut structural steel of low-carbon (LC) with good machinability and cutting breaking performance for physical construction, make it not contain harmful element lead, and have roughly the same even be better than the machinability of plumbous in the past system, resulfurizing series free cutting steel and other compound free-cutting steels and drilling and smear metal and handle property, and keeping under the good situation of its hot workability the hot rolling surface flaw defective that causes because of bubble when hope reduces the smelting casting by the suitable oxygen level of realization control.
The present invention contains following component in weight %:
C：0.02-0.25％；
Si：0.001-0.20％；
Mn：0.50-2.50％；
Below the P:0.05;
S：0.05-0.40％；
Bi：0.01-0.25％；
B：0.0001-0.0050％；
Below the N:0.04;
Al：0.001-0.020％；
Below the Mg:0.01%;
Below the Ca:0.01%;
Below the Pb:0.001%;
O：0.001-0.025％；
Above-mentioned each component preferably contains promising:
C：0.05-0.09％；
Si：0.001-0.010％；
Mn：0.80-1.50％；
Below the P:0.03;
S：0.15-0.35％；
Bi：0.05-0.25％；
B：0.0010-0.0030％；
Below the N:0.015;
Al：0.001-0.010％；
Below the Mg:0.01%;
Below the Ca:0.01%;
Below the Pb:0.001%;
O：0.010-0.020％。
Except that said components, also contain one or both cutting elements among the Te that represents with weight % and the Se:
Se：0.02-0.30％；
Te：0.01-0.20％；
And mainly cut element and satisfy following formula:
0.01＜wS+0.15wBi+0.4wSe+0.25wTe＜0.5；
1＜[Mn]/[(S+0.4Se+0.25Te)]＜4；
[Se]/[S]＜0.3；
[Te]/[S]＜0.4；
Surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
As further improvement, the present invention also contains among As, Sn, Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, Hf and the V that represents with weight % at least aly except that the above-mentioned alloy compositions that must contain, and aforementioned each component is in the content range of weight %: 0.01-0.50%.
As further improvement, the present invention is meeting this composition of base steel of the present invention and may be selected to especially except that above-mentioned alloy, also has to be characterized as: contain MgO, CaO, Al
2O
3, SiO
2, a kind of oxide inclusion among the MnO or more than one composite oxide be mingled with.The area that the particulate that aforesaid oxides is mingled with occupies maximum average diameter under 400 times microscopic field is not more than 20 μ m, and quantity is: below above 1000 particulates of 5 particulates/and mm
2
The applicant is by to lead series free cutting steel and the research of not adding the machinability mechanism of action of plumbous low-carbon (LC) sulphur or the compound free-cutting steel of sulphur, and in the steel of the present invention because of having added easy cutting element form that causes existence and the research that is cut the direct relation of effect, obtain following understanding:
The element that three kinds of the S that exists among the present invention, Bi, Se (or Te or the two) mainly play shear action to raising steel of the present invention be cut performance risen jointly crucial, but three's effect has nothing in common with each other.Since common the existence, and meet condition proposed by the invention, just can play expected effect.As sulphur bismuth selenium (tellurium) is compound free cutting steel, and wherein the effect of each element is as follows.
It is for forming spherical or point-like MnS inclusion, destroyed the continuity of steel matrix, resistance to cutting being reduced in the present invention that sulphur (S) adds.The interpolation of selenium (Se) and tellurium (Te) is to have the sulfide of spindle body form and increase its number in order to optimize the generation form of sulfide, to impel to generate.The thick sulfide inclusion that these produced forms stress raiser in cutting, owing to encouraged crevasse crack propagation, so produced the effect of free-cutting machinability.Bismuth (Bi) in this steel substantially not solid solution in sulfide, but with superfine particulate state uniform distribution in steel, and separately or and sulfide be present in the outside surface of the inclusion particulate of sulfide type together with the form of dirt settling.Just because of the existence of this fine particle, its smear metal is easy to fragmentation.So with present sulphur free-cutting steel and compare with the compound free-cutting steel of lead, cutting effect can guarantee to be equal to even to be better than, and has obtained the disconnected fragility of excellent smear metal simultaneously.Therefore, the present invention is that a kind of machinability and smear metal processing are better than in the past, and oxygen level is lower than in the past, the new type compound free cutting steel that surface spots is less.
One of maximum feature of the present invention is to contain " inside and/or border exist the MnS of the sulfide of bismuth to be mingled with ".
Bismuth (Bi) but minute quantity solid solution in MnS, so that (Mn, Bi) S exists, but because the Bi of solid solution in this MnS amount is few, so in fact this sulfide be still MnS.
For the micro-scale testing sheet that cuts from steel, by methods such as electronics line microdetermination instrument, carry out qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, the sulfide of above-mentioned form that can more safe definite proposition.
Be that qualification reason to each component concentration scope among the present invention describes below, wherein be meant weight % about component content %:
C：0.02----0.2 5％。Carbon is the important element that guarantees that the free-cutting steel material has certain degree of hardness and intensity, also is one of the element of the machinability key of steel.The hardness of steel presents normal distribution to the influence of the cutting ability of steel.When C content was higher, the hardness of steel increased, and machinability worsens.Yet C content is very low, is lower than at 0.02% o'clock, and the excessive deliquescing of steel easily produces the squeeze crack form in the working angles, quickened tool wear on the contrary, causes the deterioration of the smear metal property handled.Therefore, the applicant is limited to the scope of 0.02---0.25 with research repeatedly with C, and for obtaining better machinability, C content scope preferably is 0.05---0.09%.
Si：0.001-0.20％。Silicon is used for adjusting the oxygen level of steel as deoxidant element.Yet, if its content surpasses at 0.2% o'clock, the hot workability meeting deterioration of steel, and because the solid molten steel body of having strengthened, the cutting impedance is increased, and has damaged machinability.Therefore, the upper limit of Si content is taken as 0.2%, is lower than 0.02% but be more preferably to be controlled at, and can improve the toughness of steel integral body like this.For the needs of deoxidation link, with mode deoxidations such as following interpolation Al or Ca, and Si content is can be controlled in more than 0.005%, promptly the oxygen level in the steel can be adjusted in the proper range, degradation phenomena can not take place in machinability yet.Since Si be present stage deoxidation in steel making technology can not or media but, only may reduce as far as possible and can not avoid fully.The height of considering the smelting level also will cause the difference of actual content in the steel, and it is rational that the optimum content of Si is fixed on 0.001-0.010%.
Mn：0.50---2.5％。Manganese is a kind of element that improves the hardening capacity of steel and improve intensity.Mn and S form the sulfide type inclusion, are to being cut the most key important element of performance influence.The content of manganese is lower than at 0.50% o'clock, as the absolute magnitude deficiency of sulfide, can not get satisfied machinability.And too high levels can increase the intensity and the toughness of steel, and the cutting impedance meeting of steel raises.In addition, the life-span of instrument can reduce.And then, can fully form the manganese sulfide form that is beneficial in order to guarantee Mn and S in the steel, improve the smear metal property handled of steel and improve hot workability, need make this constituent content with atomic ratio, must keep meeting the relation of 1＜[Mn]/[S]＜4.In order to obtain these performances really, Mn content is preferably 0.80-1.5%.
Below the P:0.05%.On the one hand, phosphorus is the element that improves the machinability effect, and P is dissolved in the ferritic phase, can improve its hardness, plays the steel surface smoothness of improving after processing is extended in cold-working, and the chip-breaking performance when improving machining.On the other hand, when P content is higher, can encourage the segregation in the steel, and the hot workability deterioration.Therefore,, wish that upper limit content is 0.05%, be limited to 0.03% on preferable for the consideration that helps producing.
S：0.05---0.40％。Sulphur is one of main easy cutting element, and the cutting ability of improving steel is had significant effect, and along with the increase of S content in the steel, its machinability rating can be improved significantly.S forms sulfide or carbon sulfide with Mn, is to improve the effective element that machinability must add.Particularly improve the effect of machinability, improve with its growing amount by MnS.Yet, be lower than at 0.05% o'clock, just can not get the fully manganese sulfide compound of amount, can not obtain satisfied machinability.If S adds too much, S except forming the compound with Mn, also forms with other material and is unfavorable for the tissue that cuts in steel., can form complicated sulfide jointly with ferrous iron, ferric iron as S under certain condition, its hardness can reach more than the HRC50, has harmed the cutting ability of steel greatly.In addition, S content surpasses at 0.40% o'clock usually, and the hot workability of steel can cause deterioration, produces the S segregation in the steel billet centre, easily brings out each during forging to fracture.Therefore, the upper limit content of S is 0.6% in the present invention; If consider the qualification rate when making, be limited to 0.4% on the best of S content, and its content range preferably fix on 0.15-0.35%.
B：0.0001-0.0050％。Boron is the effective element that hardenability is improved, and too softish is sorry can to remedy this steel.Yet because can reduce hot workability and toughness, so maximum upper limit was 0.0050% content when transition was added.For obtaining significant effect, be preferably and add more than 0.0001% quality.Because steel of the present invention is low carbon element free-cutting steel, towards use range comparatively extensive, the ratio that its derived product need improve performance by quenching is little, therefore is controlled in certain zone of reasonableness B content comparatively suitable.The applicant thinks the 0.0001-0.0030% optimum.
Below the N:0.040%.Nitrogen is the element that is used to be beneficial to grain refining, it can with in steel, form the nitride or the carbonitride of hard with elements such as Al, Ti, B or Nd, these nitride have the effect that makes the crystal grain granular, and can improve the intensity of steel.These nitride can be used as sulfide and separate out core in smelting process of setting, help the uniform distribution of sulfide in steel, thereby improve cutting ability.N content can produce this effect 0.0001% when above.These nitride are excessive when existing, and are easy to generate the inclusion of big particle, cause machinability to worsen, and the wearing and tearing that increased cutting tool.In order to obtain longer life tools, the present invention fixes on the content of N below 0.04%.But the content of considering the N element plays responsive regulating effect in steel of the present invention, so in the smelting of reality, to should being controlled at below 0.015% of N element actual content.
Al：0.001-0.020％。Aluminium is as deoxidant element, and the present invention allows the highest theoretical content can arrive 0.20%.Yet the oxide compound that generates by deoxidation is a hard, when Al content surpasses 0.02%, can generate the hardening oxidation thing in a large number, causes the deterioration of machinability.Utilize above-mentioned Si fully during deoxidation, can add Al.But owing to about Si bad in steel, should when practical application, rationally use, so the highest reasonable content of Al should be decided to be 0.010% in conjunction with Al and Si.Consider that impurity exists, its content is actual to be more than 0.001%.
Below the Ca:0.01%; Below the Mg:0.01%.Calcium and magnesium have very big avidity to S in the steel and O, with the sulfide or the oxide compound of these formation, is solid-solubilized in simultaneously among the MnS, with (Mn, Mg) S exists, and these oxide compounds are as product nucleus, and separate out the MnS crystallization, suppress the effect that MnS extends so have.Like this, Ca and Mg have suppressed the form of sulfide, have improved machinability.Therefore also can add a spot of Ca and Mg as required.But add Ca or Mg and also can reduce product percent of pass, make the composition aspect and see, unsatisfactory.From the principle of shear action of the present invention, important result is not played in the interpolation of Ca and Mg, and production is brought difficulty, and therefore, its upper content limit is respectively 0.01% and 0.01%.Consider in the attached batchings such as covering slag in the existing smelting technology, refractory brick must contain just like compositions such as CaO and MgO, with the contacting of high-temperature molten steel in inevitably to bring in the steel, therefore be controlled at 0.01% also be reality reasonably.
Below the Pb:0.001%.Lead is the element that tool improves cutting ability in steel.For environmental requirement, in steel, can not add Pb.But the Pb that can have minute quantity in ore and the raw scrap material.Because plumbous fusing point, is obscured also can volatilizing of micro Pb in steel far below steel.Therefore, the content of Pb in the steel being limited to below 0.001% is that reality is feasible.
O：0.001--0.0250％。Oxygen is the effective elements of sulfide elongation when suppressing hot-work such as steel rolling, also is the important element that machinability is increased by this effect.Contain suitable oxygen in the steel, and oxygen can be melted in MnS admittedly, can prevent that the anisotropy of mechanical properties is very little, and then also can improve machinability and hot workability, has effectively prevented the segregation of S because of rolling processing causes that MnS is mingled with generation and extends.On the other hand, if the content of oxygen surpasses 0.025%, even add sulphur again, oxygen is also saturated to the strick precaution effect of sulfide.In addition, too much interpolation is unfavorable for reducing cost, and can produce casting flaws such as bubble simultaneously.Therefore, the content of oxygen can be more than 0.0010%.Yet, surpass at 0.025% o'clock, can bring drawbacks such as refractory body is impaired during melting.Therefore be limited to 0.025% on.In order to obtain better technique effect, optimum range is 0.010---0.020%.
Bi：0.01-0.25％。Bismuth is to improve one of important element of machinability as the inherent thing of LMP metal.Bi is as the inherent thing in the steel, Individual existence or and sulfide be present in the outside surface of sulfide type inclusion particulate together with the form of coherent substance, and improve machinability.But the Bi of excessive interpolation can not be dissolved in the steel fully, and its cutting effect does not increase along with Bi content after reaching capacity and increases without limitation, to such an extent as to unnecessary on the contrary Bi can be reunited in steel ingot, form in defective, cause the hot workability deterioration.Conscientiously study through the applicant, the content of Bi is decided to be 0.01-0.25%.
Se：0.02---0.30％，Te：0.01---0.20％。Selenium and tellurium and sulphur are congeners, all are the effective elements that improve machinability.Se and Te can form the compound (as MnSe, MnTe) of the similar sulfide that can improve cutting effect with element such as Mn in steel, and can with Mn and S form as Mn (S, Se) or Mn (S, compound compound Te).The existence of these compound sulfide has tangible effect to the machinability that improves steel.When Se and Te element are lower than 0.02% respectively and 0.01% the time, DeGrain.And Se surpasses 0.30%, Te surpasses at 0.20% o'clock, and its effect not only reaches capacity, and is also uneconomical economically, and causes hot workability to worsen.Conscientiously study through the applicant, the optimal scope of above-mentioned two elements should be: Se 0.10-0.15%; Te0.10-0.15%.
As:0.01-0.50%. arsenic can with the ferrite solid solution, thereby improve its cutting ability.When As content was higher than 0.5%, the hot workability of steel worsened, and reduces its qualification rate easily.
Sn：0.01-0.50％。Tin is as the inherent thing of LMP metal, and steel can have been given play to lubricant effect when being cut, and improves machinability.When Sn was higher than 0.01%, its effect was just apparent in view.But when its content surpassed 0.30%, not only effect reached capacity, and hot workability also can worsen.
Ti：0.01-0.50％；Zr：0.01-0.50％。Ti and S or C form Ti sulfide or Ti carbon sulfide.These are present in compound among the MnS with inherent form, can improve the machinability and the hot workability of steel.Ti compares with Mn, also is the same strong element that generates sulfide that easily combines with S.If Ti content forms Ti sulfide or Ti carbon sulfide more than 0.01%, owing to be present among the MnS with inherent form, so the effect of the machinability that can fully be improved.And when Ti surpasses 0.50%, then form the hard Ti sulfide or the Ti carbon sulfide of excessive Individual existence, and cutting impedance height, machinability can be worsened.Zr plays same effect, and OK range is 0.01-0.50%.
Nb：0.01-0.50％。At high temperature, niobium is for preventing that the grain coarsening in the steel from being limited, because when addition increases, this effect is saturated, so the addition of Nb is 0.50% to the maximum among the present invention, and minimum quantity is 0.01.
Ta：0.005-0.20％。Tantalum plays a part crystal grain thinning in steel, and helps to improve the toughness of steel.But excessively adding its effect can be saturated, thus among the present invention on the Ta limit be decided to be 0.50%.Again, in order to obtain significant effect, Ta comparatively adds more than 0.01%.
Hf：0.01---0.50％。Among the present invention, hafnium element and S and oxygen form sulfide or oxide compound jointly, simultaneously, and the form of may command sulfide.Yet content surpasses at 0.50% o'clock, and effect not only reaches capacity, and the same with Ca and Mg, even heavy addition also can reduce qualification rate, nor economical.Because the present invention is decided to be its interpolation scope: 0.01-0.50%
V：0.01---0.50％。Vanadium is similar with the Nb effect, and all nitride that can be trickle and oxycarbide are separated out, and can improve the intensity of steel.For obtaining this effect really, its content is preferably in more than 0.01%.Yet V surpasses 0.50%, and above-mentioned effect not only reaches capacity, and can generate too much nitride and carbide, causes by the deterioration of cutting property.
Be the explanation of four formula the present invention relates to below:
0.01＜wS+0.15wBi+0.4wSe+0.25wTe＜0.5 --------(1)
1＜[Mn]/[(S+0.4Se+0.25Te)]＜4 --------(2)
[Se]/[S]＜0.3 --------(3)
[Te]/[S]＜0.4 --------(4)
1. the weight content that easily cuts element S weight content and Bi, Se and Te must satisfy the reason of (1) formula:
Easy cutting element S and Bi, Se, the shear action of Te in steel have been set forth clear when mentioned component is analyzed, but will play best easy cutting effect in steel, and various Interaction of Elements effects are particularly crucial.Discover that through the applicant any single certain element all can't be in order to substitute the raising cutting effect of Pb in steel, even the element similar with the Pb mechanism of action can not reach gratifying result as Bi.Therefore, the composition range of the easy cutting element of the multiple raising machinability of suitable control mechanism then can be obtained and is equal to even is better than the cutting of lead series free cutting steel, drilling effect and cutting and handle property.
The applicant thinks, in steel, give the compound phase of the free-cutting machinability of steel, approximately certain as the relative metal ingredient in the MnX phase (X can represent similar elements such as S, Se, Te) in conjunction with stoichiometric ratio, the essence of giving free-cutting machinability is the formation area occupation ratio of this compound and controls.Therefore as the containing ratio of compound formation amount mutually can atom relative containing ratio represent, the containing ratio scope of promptly representing optimal compound compound with the form of the S weight that is converted into the same atoms number, as the X composition, it is because this purpose that the wSe in above-mentioned multiply by coefficient 0.4.And containing other easily the cutting composition time, the coefficient that then multiply by the S weight that is used to be converted into the same atoms number gets final product.We are preferable 0.01～0.5 to working as the total containing ratio of above-mentioned several elements by test and microscopic examination.
2. Mn and atomic ratio (S+0.4Se+0.25Te) must satisfy the reason of (2) formula:
S forges the element that brings out slight crack when making in heat, has kept the composition of 1≤[Mn]/[S]≤4 with atomic ratio, and S can separate out with the oxide morphology crystallization of Mn, can not cause strong influence for hot workability.And then, if Mn/S surpasses this scope, as greater than 4, can since easily the cutting element add inadequately, can produce this moment and increase the cutting impedance, shorten bad phenomenon such as life tools, thereby cause machinability significantly to reduce.When Mn/S less than 1 the time, may cause the hot-work type of steel to worsen, when utilizing Continuous casting process etc. to make, be difficult to red-tape operati production.Because Se and Te play a part to form compound with Mn in steel, principle is similar to sulfide and forms principle.The interpolation of coefficient is as 1. description.
The present invention has designed when proposing the composition design and has been fit to thermal process parameter of the present invention, be beneficial to and reduce the difficulty of steel of the present invention aspect large-scale production, especially aspect the hot-work as smelt and critical step such as hot rolling on difficulty.When utilizing domestic electric furnace that generally uses and continuous casting rolling equipment etc. to produce, can not bring obstacle, its practicality is good.Specify as follows:
The present invention can be with converter or electrosmelting, the same basically plain carbon stool of smelting technology.The selenium element can be when smelting in ladle alloy strand or the little quality ingot shape with selenium join in the steel, and make it even up and down by abundant stirring.The interpolation of tellurium element is analogous to selenium.Bismuth element can add by adding bismuth metal-powder form before the pouring molten steel steel ingot, makes it uniform distribution by the electronics alr mode again.
Test shows that continuous casting throwing temperature surpasses 950 ℃ and will guarantee not occur cracking phenomena.Hot rolled Heating temperature and start rolling temperature should be different from the ordinary steel of close carbon content, need maintain more than 1050 degree, and intermediate rolling temperature and finishing temperature must maintain more than 900 ℃ all the time.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is sample 01 sulfide inclusion figure
Fig. 2 is sample 03 sulfide inclusion figure
Fig. 3 is sample 07 sulfide inclusion figure
Fig. 4 is sample 09 sulfide inclusion figure
Figure 51 is 100 times a aspect graph of sample 01 oxide inclusion
Figure 52 is 400 times a aspect graph of sample 01 oxide inclusion
Figure 53 is 1000 times a aspect graph of sample 01 oxide inclusion
Figure 54 is 3000 times a aspect graph of sample 01 oxide inclusion
Figure 61 is (1100 ℃-1350 ℃) hot-work extension property pattern under differing temps
Figure 62 is (850 ℃-1050 ℃) hot-work extension property pattern under differing temps
Fig. 7 is the relative reduction in area synoptic diagram of sample under differing temps
Embodiment
The composition of test sample sees Table 1.To constitute various metallic element of the present invention and be added in the vacuum high frequency furnace and found, can be cast as the 100kg steel ingot.(production is different down because the experimental phase sample preparation is with actual environment, and its melting production process does not have too restricted publication of international news and commentary entitled except that product composition, therefore be not described specifically).The resulting steel ingot of melting is heated to 1200 ℃ of high temperature, keep more than 3 hours after, carrying out exquisiteness forging more than 1050 ℃ again, obtain the pole of diameter 60mm behind the air cooling (AC).And pole kept 1 hour down at 950 ℃, implement the normalizing of air cooling, promptly obtain steel of the present invention.The relevant physicals of described each sample is as follows:
1. inherent thing is formed form
From the vertical microscopic observation experiment slice that cuts out of section of the corresponding part of the Do/4 of above-mentioned forging extending material (Do is for forging the diameter of extending material), carry out SEM (scanning electron microscope) and EPMA (electronics line microdetermination instrument) after the grinding and carry out qualitative composition analysis.(perhaps this cross section being carried out deep and thorough test etc.).Analyze the state and the distribution of bismuth element in inclusion of sulfide in the steel, as Fig. 1～Fig. 4.
Oxide morphology is more near spindle body among the figure, and sulfide all round dispersive bismuth metallic particles is even more, illustrate that the cutting effect of this steel is outstanding more.Fig. 4 is the sulfide inclusion figure of perfect condition steel (sample 09).
2, machinability and the smear metal property handled
With utilization forge pole from outside be cut to diameter 20mm after, use for cutting test.The evaluation of machinability is the instrument wear loss evaluation that adds man-hour to be cut.Cutting tool uses rapid steel (or inserted tool), is determined under the identical cutting speed, used time when making tool abrasion reach certain thickness (test is set at 100um), has promptly reflected the data of the chip volume amount of cutting.And identical high-speed following, the degree of wear of (this test is set at 30 minutes) instrument in certain cutting time.
Use the straight line rig (bit diameter is 1.5mm) that is made into by rapid steel, get out the dark hole of 10mm, on different azimuth, bore three holes, be used for the smear metal handling property of sample is tested with identical cutting speed in feet per minute and transfer rate.If the sheet number that the smear metal of a grammes per square metre is gone out is estimated the smear metal handling property, and is calculated evaluation by the weight and the sum of the sheet of collecting from these three holes as standard.Method is foregoing description roughly the same.See Table 3 to representing sample to carry out the tool loss statistics that cutting experiment draws, represent the number of chips cartogram 4 of sample.
By table 3, table 4, the applicant thought in identical cutting speed and identical time, carrying out the tool wear amount at each sample adds up, think and obviously be better than not having two kinds of features of perfect condition or the sample steel that only has a kind of feature by the sample steel that has sulfide feature and bismuth element unbound state feature simultaneously.Be in particular in that the perfect condition steel makes the tool wear amount few in the identical time, and under the homologous state, the speed of cutting tool wearing and tearing wants slow.And the perfect condition steel is showing excellence equally on the boring performance and on the cutting handling property as can be seen.In the same way, during as if batch process, when using same tool to produce identical component, it is efficient more than the nonideality steel to use the perfect condition steel to process.
3. hot workability
Utilize creating conditions of continuous casting equipment in order to simulate, the invention steel ingot of being smelted is accomplished the bloom of 100kg, will be near the position of the Da/8 (Da is the diameter of bloom) of surface portion as the center, taking diameter from the bloom height is 10mm, length is the high temperature tension test rod of 150mm.Fixed spacing is taken as 120mm, and it is directly switched on is heated to 1300 degree, keeps being cooled to 1100 ℃ with 10 ℃/second speed of cooling after 10 minutes, keeps for 10 seconds again, carries out tension test with certain rate of straining.Measure the relative reduction in area of breaking portion this moment, section smooth finish and unit elongation.The hot workability of sample under differing temps seen Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.Temperature when hot-work has just determined the quality of processing characteristics, the relative reduction in area more easy extension of the bright steel of novel when hot-work more.Test-results draws a key conclusion: the hot processing temperature of this kind steel should be in more than 1050 ℃.
4. specularity evaluation
Carry out mechanical mill with the diamond drill runner mill, carefully carry out mirror ultrafinish successively with lapping paste number #150 → #400 → #800 → #1500 → #3000, on abrasive surface, select 5 positions to carry out surface roughness measurement arbitrarily by the method for GB GB/T 25231990 regulations at the long 15mm of benchmark place, obtain the mean value of arithmetic average roughness value Ra, represent it side by side as aforementioned 5 positions.And sample carried out basic mechanical performance test, and represent sample physicals statistics to see Table 5, the evaluation of minute surface roughness grade number sees Table 6.The physics and the mechanical property of each the sample steel described in the table are approaching, but the perfect condition steel slightly is better than other steel and comparative steel in relative reduction in area, and visible perfect condition steel inherence organizes crystal grain thinner, be beneficial to extension, and roughness is better under the equal conditions.
5. salt-fog test evaluation
Method with GB GB/T226-1991 regulation is implemented, and after the test, corrosion-resistant evaluation sees Table 6.Through comparing, at the invention steel of the oxide inclusion size condition that meets this perfect condition steel, corrosion resistance can be better than the nonideality steel.
Table 1
| Specimen coding | 0.02- 0.25 | 0.01 - 0.20 | 0.5- 2.5 | 0.001- 0.05 | 0.05- 0.4 | 0.01- 0.30 | 0.01- 0.25 | 0.0001- 0.0050 | 0.001- 0.04 | 0.001- 0.020 | 0.001- 0.020 | ≤ 0.001 | ≤ 0.001 | Mass component | Atomic ratio |
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Se | Bi | B | N | 0 | Al | Ca | Mg | S+0.15Bi +0.4Se | Mn/(S+ 0.4Se) | |
| 01 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.92 | 0.027 | 0.33 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.0021 | 0.0066 | 0.0170 | 0.001 | 0.4005 | 1.3770 | ||
| 02 | 0.07 | 0.17 | 0.98 | 0.018 | 0.30 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.0015 | 0.0104 | 0.0150 | 0.001 | 0.3315 | 1.7652 | ||
| 03 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 1.17 | 0.023 | 0.39 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.0037 | 0.0087 | 0.0091 | 0.005 | 0.001 | 0.4290 | 1.6493 | |
| 04 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.95 | 0.020 | 0.35 | 0.021 | - | 0.0019 | 0.0048 | 0.0135 | - | 0.3584 | 1.5469 | ||
| 05 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.024 | 0.39 | 0.018 | - | 0.0027 | 0.0063 | 0.0158 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.3972 | 1.4693 | |
| 06 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.89 | 0.018 | 0.47 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.0028 | 0.0056 | 0.0190 | 0.001 | 0.5005** | 1.0600 | ||
| 07 | 0.19 | 0.29 | 0.69 | 0.016 | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.12 | 0.0030 | 0.0061 | 0.0020 | 0.003 | 0.3520 | 1.2056 | ||
| 08 | 0.09 | 0.19 | 0.82 | 0.015 | 0.37 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.0011 | 0.0098 | 0.0064 | - | 0.4450 | 1.1449 | ||
| 09 | 0.08 | - | 1.02 | 0.067 | 0.33 | 0.19 | 0.12 | 0.0016 | 0.0066 | 0.0150 | 0.002 | 0.4240 | 1.4662 | ||
| 10 | 0.19 | 0.08 | 1.86 | 0.008 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.07 | 0.0041 | 0.0019 | 0.0180 | 0.002 | 0.3665 | 3.0491 | ||
| 11 | 0.35** | - | 0.60 | 0.019 | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.01 | 0.0031 | 0.0079 | 0.0188 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.3115 | 1.1295 | |
| 12 | 0.01** | 0.05 | 0.89 | 0.013 | 0.33 | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.0024 | 0.0046 | 0.0058 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.3940 | 1.3183 | |
| 13 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 2.53 | 0.018 | 1.05** | 0.27 | 0.11 | 0.0033 | 0.0072 | 0.0210** | 0.001 | 1.1745** | 1.2751 | ||
| 14 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 1.10 | 0.060 | 0.32 | 0.23 | 0.09 | 0.0030 | 0.0090 | 0.0135 | 0.002 | 0.4255 | 1.5582 | ||
| 15 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 1.02 | 0.022 | 0.34 | 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.0025 | 0.0043 | 0.0110 | 0.003 | 0.4330 | 1.4448 | ||
| 16 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 1.17 | 0.023 | 0.39 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.0020 | 0.0054 | 0.0160 | 0.003 | 0.4770 | 1.4779 |
Annotate: " * * " represents that this composition exceeds pre-determined range in the table 1; Blank expression does not detect
Table 2
| Specimen coding | Quantity/mm 2 | Area compares % | Mean diameter μ m | Average area μ m 2 |
| 01 | 553 | 4.7 | 16.5 | 49.92 |
| 02 | 612 | 5.4 | 11.5 | 50.78 |
| 03 | 918 | 7.7 | 10.0 | 31.00 |
| 04 | 673 | 5.9 | 12.0 | 42.04 |
| 05 | 721 | 6.3 | 11.0 | 38.62 |
| 06 | 815 | 6.8 | 11.0 | 36.45 |
| 07 | 784 | 6.5 | 13.5 | 59.56 |
| 08 | 580 | 5.1 | 15.0 | 51.75 |
| 09 | 353 | 3.4 | 14.0 | 39.76 |
| 10 | 379 | 3.5 | 18.5 | 63.54 |
| 11 | 430 | 3.9 | 17.0 | 53.54 |
| Comparative steel | 450 | 4.2 | 27.5 | 79.71 |
Table 3
| Specimen coding | 30 minutes tool wear amounts (um) | Reach the time of VB=100um | The smear metal property handled (number/g) |
| 01 | 35 | 96 | 12 |
| 02 | 29 | 102 | 21 |
| 03 | 38 | 101 | 15 |
| 04 | 35 | 116 | 14 |
| 05 | 42 | 108 | 12 |
| 06 | 34 | 121 | 15 |
| 07 | 29 | 117 | 14 |
| 08 | 39 | 99 | 13 |
| 09 | 24 | 135 | 20 |
| 10 | 29 | 121 | 19 |
| 11 | 28 | 130 | 17 |
| 12 | 42 | 122 | 15 |
| 13 | 35 | 113 | 15 |
| 14 | 44 | 91 | 14 |
| 15 | 38 | 97 | 13 |
| Comparative steel | 54 | 108 | 9 |
Table 4
| Specimen coding | The speed of mainshaft (change/min) | The depth of cut (mm) | The linear velocity m/min on bar surface | The sheet number that every gram is contained |
| 01 | 4500 | 0.1 | 97.54 | 14 |
| 02 | 4500 | 0.1 | 97.54 | 18 |
| 03 | 4500 | 0.1 | 97.54 | 15 |
| 04 | 4500 | 0.1 | 97.54 | 11 |
| 05 | 4500 | 0.1 | 97.54 | 20 |
| 06 | 4500 | 0.1 | 97.54 | 19 |
| 07 | 4500 | 0.1 | 97.54 | 17 |
| 08 | 4500 | 0.1 | 97.54 | 18 |
| 09 | 4500 | 0.1 | 97.54 | 17 |
| 10 | 4500 | 0.1 | 97.54 | 22 |
| 11 | 4500 | 0.1 | 97.54 | 16 |
| 12 | 4500 | 0.1 | 97.54 | 17 |
| Comparative steel | 4500 | 0.1 | 97.54 | 10 |
Table 5
| Specimen coding | Cold drawn relative reduction in area % | Section smooth finish | Unit elongation % | Tensile strength MPa | Yield strength MPa | Brinell hardness HV | Grain fineness number |
| Standard | ≥36 | 3 grades | ≥22 | ≥390 | ≤170 | ||
| 01 | 60 | 3 grades | 35 | 498 | 330 | 143 | 8 |
| 03 | 59.5 | 3 grades | 32.5 | 516 | 410 | 130 | 9 |
| 04 | 61 | 3 grades | 32 | 500 | 405 | 135 | 9 |
| 07 | 57.5 | 4 grades | 33.5 | 535 | 355 | 124 | 10 |
| 09 | 62 | 4 grades | 36 | 488 | 320 | 144 | 8 |
| 14 | 59 | 3 grades | 33 | 510 | 405 | 131 | 9 |
| 15 | 58.5 | 3 grades | 32 | 515 | 410 | 128 | 9 |
| Comparative steel | 45.7 | 3 grades | 25.8 | 475 | 350 | 165 | 8 |
Table 6
| Specimen coding | Surface roughness Ra (um) | The range estimation evaluation of corrosion back | Inclusion length evaluation (20 μ m are following) |
| 01 | 0.82 | A | √ |
| 02 | 0.69 | B | √ |
| 03 | 1.22 | B | √ |
| 04 | 2.31 | B | √ |
| 05 | 4.29 | B | √ |
| 06 | 1.02 | D | × |
| Comparative steel 01 | 3.32 | C | × |
| Comparative steel 02 | 6.98 | D | × |
| Comparative steel 03 | 3.56 | C | × |
Above comparative steel is import 12L14 steel
Claims (4)
1, a kind of have good machinability and a destructive low-carbon free-cutting steel of smear metal, it is characterized in that containing by weight percentage:
C：0.02-0.25％；
Si：0.001-0.20％；
Mn：0.50-2.50％；
Below the P:0.05;
S：0.05-0.40％；
Bi：0.01-0.25％；
B：0.0001-0.0050％；
Below the N:0.04;
Al：0.001-0.020％；
Below the Mg:0.01%;
Below the Ca:0.01%
Below the Pb:0.01%;
O：0.001-0.025％；
Except that said components, also contain one or both cutting elements among Te as expressed in weight percent and the Se:
Se：0.02-0.30％；
Te：0.01-0.20％；
And mainly cut element and satisfy following formula:
0.01＜wS+0.15wBi+0.4wSe+0.25wTe＜0.5；
1＜[Mn]/[(S+0.4Se+0.25Te)]＜4；
[Se]/[S]＜0.3；
[Te]/[S]＜0.4；
Surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
2, low-carbon free-cutting steel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: it also contains among As expressed in weight percent, Sn, Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, Hf and the V at least a: the consumption of above-mentioned each component is 0.01-0.50%.
3, low-carbon free-cutting steel according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the weight percentage of following each component is:
C：0.05-0.09％；
Si：0.001-0.010％；
Mn：0.80-1.50％；
Below the P:0.03;
S：0.15-0.35％；
Bi：0.05-0.25％；
B：0.0010-0.0030％；
Below the N:0.015;
Al：0.001-0.010％；
Below the Mg:0.01%;
Below the Ca:0.01%;
Below the Pb:0.001%;
O：0.010-0.020％。
4, low-carbon free-cutting steel according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: also contain MgO, CaO, Al
2O
3, SiO
2, a kind of oxide compound among the MnO or more than one oxide compound, the area that the particulate of described oxide compound occupies maximum average diameter under 400 times microscopic field is not more than 20 μ m, quantity is: above 1000 particulates of 5 particulates are following/mm
2
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101925687B (en) * | 2008-01-28 | 2013-01-02 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | Steel for machine structural use with excellent machinability |
| CN108265228A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-07-10 | 湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司 | A kind of production method of high cutting ability steel |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101925687B (en) * | 2008-01-28 | 2013-01-02 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | Steel for machine structural use with excellent machinability |
| CN108265228A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-07-10 | 湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司 | A kind of production method of high cutting ability steel |
| CN111621710A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-09-04 | 启东市荣盛铜业有限公司 | Free-cutting stainless steel and application thereof |
| CN111621710B (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2021-02-19 | 启东市荣盛铜业有限公司 | Free-cutting stainless steel and application thereof |
| CN111876689A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-11-03 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Low-carbon selenium-containing free-cutting steel for instruments and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN111876689B (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2022-05-13 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Low-carbon selenium-containing free-cutting steel for instruments and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113462983A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-10-01 | 安徽工业大学 | Lock body steel easy to drill and fast in chip removal and preparation method thereof |
| CN116497290A (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2023-07-28 | 江苏三鑫特殊金属材料股份有限公司 | Stainless steel material with good machinability and cutting destructiveness |
| CN116497290B (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2023-11-07 | 江苏三鑫特殊金属材料股份有限公司 | Stainless steel material with good machinability and cutting destructiveness |
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