CN101925687B - Steel for machine structural use with excellent machinability - Google Patents
Steel for machine structural use with excellent machinability Download PDFInfo
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- CN101925687B CN101925687B CN2009801031517A CN200980103151A CN101925687B CN 101925687 B CN101925687 B CN 101925687B CN 2009801031517 A CN2009801031517 A CN 2009801031517A CN 200980103151 A CN200980103151 A CN 200980103151A CN 101925687 B CN101925687 B CN 101925687B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/11—Making amorphous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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Abstract
A steel for machine structural use which is reduced in the content of S and thus can keep mechanical characteristics such as strengths and which exerts excellent machinability (particularly, tool life) both in intermitted cutting with a high-speed-steel tool and in continuous cutting with a cemented carbide tool, more specifically, a steel for machine structural use, wherein the oxide inclusion present in the steel consists of CaO: 10 to 55mass%, SiO2: 20 to 70mass%, Al2O3: more than 0 to 35mass%, MgO: more than 0 to 20mass%, MnO: more than 0 to 5mass%, and one or more selected from the group consisting of Li2O, Na2O, K2O, BaO, SrO, and TiO2: 0.5 to 20mass% in total, when the sum of average composition of the oxide inclusion is taken as 100mass%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to implement for manufacturing mechanical components the steel for mechanical structure of machining, in detail, relate to such interrupted cut two aspects of the such continuous cutting of turning and hobboing cutter (hob) processing and all demonstrate excellent cutting property of quilt, even and after the surface hardening of implementing carburizing treatment and carbonitriding processing etc. is processed, also can not cause the steel for mechanical structure of the reduction of toughness.
Background technology
Be utilized gear, axle, pulley (pulley) and the constant velocity joint etc. that are set up with the various loading drive gears headed by variable-speed motor and the differential motion with automobile, the physical construction parts that also have in addition bent axle, connecting rod etc., generally after implementing the processing such as forging, finishing is net shape by implementing machining.Because the needed cost of this machining shared ratio in manufacturing cost is very large, therefore require to consist of above-mentioned physical construction good by cutting property with the steel of parts.
On the other hand, use in the parts in above-mentioned such physical construction, after becoming net shape, can implement the surface hardening of carburizing and carbonitriding processing (comprising normal atmosphere, low pressure, vacuum, plasma atmosphere) etc. processes, and implement as required quenching-tempering and high-frequency quenching etc. to guarantee set intensity, but, strength decreased can occur when carrying out this processing.Particularly exist with respect to the rolling direction of steel and the incidental problem of strength decreased of vertical direction (generally claiming this direction to be " laterally ").
As the strength decreased that can not make steel for mechanical structure, and improve by the element of cutting property, always known have lead (Pb), and this Pb is extremely effective element cutting property improvement.But Pb is pointed out there is hazardous property in human body, on the point of the processing of the flue dust of the lead when melting and cutting swarf etc. a lot of problems is arranged also in addition, therefore requires in recent years not add Pb (without Pb) and will bring into play good cutting property of quilt.
Guarantee the technology of good cutting property of quilt as not adding Pb, known have make S content increase to steel about 0.06%.But, in this technology, there is the easy problem that reduces of characteristic (toughness, fatigue strength) of machinery, make the increase of S content also have limitation.It is considered to because sulfide (MnS) can stretch very longways along rolling direction, therefore horizontal toughness drop.Particularly in requiring the parts of high strength, need to do one's utmost to reduce S content.Thus, needs do not add energetically Pb and S and are used for making by the establishment of the technology of cutting property raising.
Under this background, do not add energetically Pb and S, be suggested for the various technology of bringing into play good cutting property of quilt.Particularly for steel inclusion with by the relation of cutting property conduct a research (for example non-patent literature 1).In addition, the technology of the control of relevant inclusion is also proposed one after another.
For example disclose a kind of technology in patent documentation 1, it is by adding Ca under certain oxygen and Ti amount, and making the effective Ca of cutting property of quilt is that sulfide and Ca are the oxide compound coexistence, thereby makes Ti add cutting property of the quilt raising of high-strength steel.Disclose in addition a kind of technical pattern steel in patent documentation 2, recently to control Ca be sulfide or oxide compound by adjusting Ca/Al for it, suppresses thus the deviation of life tools and obtain stable cutting property of quilt.
In patent documentation 3 or 4, disclose a kind of technology, it is by in containing the sulfide-based inclusion of Ca, guarantee more than set that Ca content is the area occupation ratio of 0.3～40% sulfide, guarantee to contain the number of the sulfide of 0.1～10% Ca more than perhaps set, this all can suppress by the deviation of cutting property.Disclose in addition a kind of technology in patent documentation 5 and 6, it utilizes a kind of secondary structure inclusion and makes cutting property of the quilt raising of steel for mechanical structure, and this its core of secondary structure inclusion is the oxide compound that contains Ca, is the sulfide that contains Ca around it.
In patent documentation 7, disclose a kind of technology, it realizes that by adding Ca the eutectic of oxide compound reveals, to suppress Ca to the solid solution of sulfide-based inclusion (particularly MnS) by control steel-making condition on the other hand, so that sulfide-based inclusion miniaturization improves thus by cutting property (particularly smear metal treatability and life tools).
Non-patent literature 1: " the 182183rd Western Hills commemorate technology lecture ", (society) Japanese iron and steel institute compiles, the 181st～226 page " Control and Inclusion Removal " puts down into Tokyo on October 22nd, 16, November 12 Kobe
Patent documentation 1: JP 2005-272903 communique
Patent documentation 2: JP 2005-273000 communique
Patent documentation 3: JP 2000-34538 communique
Patent documentation 4: JP 2000-219936 communique
Patent documentation 5: JP 2003-55735 communique
Patent documentation 6: JP 2004-91886 communique
Patent documentation 7: JP 2003-213368 communique
For example in as the manufacturing process of physical construction with the gear of one of parts, generally be to forge for steel for mechanical structure (former material), carry out roughing cut by hobboing cutter processing, through shaving (shaving) and after the finishing, carry out again the thermal treatment of carburizing etc., implement once again attrition process (honing).But, in such technique, because the generation of thermal treatment strain is large, so only can't be revised the dimensional precision variation of parts by attrition process.In recent years, the noise countermeasure when using from gear and require good dimensional precision, as its countermeasure, what carry out is to implement ground finish (meticulous polishing hard finish) before above-mentioned attrition process.
No matter adopt which kind of manufacturing process, all need much more very operations, cutting and the needed cost of grinding uprise, so large to the demand of the cost of technique integral body.Therefore, the expectation to steel that can reduced cost in whole operations is large.Particularly in two kinds of techniques in the processing of general hobboing cutter, because its tool expense is high, so also very large to the expectation of the technology that improves life tools.
The processing of above-mentioned hobboing cutter is equivalent to interrupted cut, process employed instrument as this hobboing cutter, and main flow is the instrument (being designated hereinafter simply as " HSS instrument ") of rapid tool steel having been implemented the coating of AlTiN etc. now.With respect to this, in the instrument of the coating of superhard alloy being implemented AlTiN etc. (above referred to as " sintered carbide tools "), owing to existing when the normalizing material used the problem of breach occurs easily, so be applied in " continuous cutting " of turning etc. more.
Its topping machanism of above-mentioned interrupted cut and continuous cutting is different, select and the corresponding instrument of cutting separately, but in any one cutting as the steel for mechanical structure of being cut material, expect that all it possesses the characteristic of having given play to good cutting property of quilt.But, by the cutting that the hobboing cutter processing (interrupted cut) of using the HSS instrument is carried out, compare with the turning processing as the continuous cutting that uses sintered carbide tools, the drawback of the easy oxidation of instrument, wearing and tearing under low speed, low temperature is arranged.Therefore, the steel for mechanical structure of the interrupted cut of confession hobboing cutter processing etc., special requirement is to prolong life tools among cutting property of quilt.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is conceived to above-mentioned situation and does, its purpose is, a kind of steel for mechanical structure is provided, it keeps the characteristic of the machinery of intensity etc. by reducing S content, and the interrupted cut of carrying out with the HSS instrument (for example hobboing cutter processing) and the continuous cutting (for example turning) that carries out with sintered carbide tools two aspect can both give play to excellent cutting property of quilt (particularly life tools).
Can reach the steel for mechanical structure of the present invention of above-mentioned purpose, by the steel for mechanical structure of cutting property excellence, the oxide based inclusion that it is present in the steel when the average composition of establishing this oxide based inclusion adds up to 100 quality %, contains
CaO:10～55 quality %,
SiO
2: 20～70 quality %,
Al
2O
3: greater than 0 but below 35 quality %,
MgO: greater than 0 but below 20 quality %,
MnO: greater than 0 but below 5 quality % and
From Li
2O, Na
2O, K
2O, BaO, SrO and TiO
2In select more than a kind: add up to 0.5～20 quality %.
Average composition as the described oxide based inclusion in the steel for mechanical structure of the present invention is preferably,
CaO:10～50 quality %,
SiO
2: 20～70 quality %,
Al
2O
3: 7～35 quality %,
MgO:1～13 quality %,
MnO:1～3 quality % and
From Li
2O, Na
2O, K
2O, BaO, SrO and TiO
2In select more than a kind: add up to 2～6 quality %.
In the chemical composition of steel for mechanical structure of the present invention forms, if steel for mechanical structure then is not particularly limited, but as preferred, for example can enumerate and contain:
C:0.1～1.2 quality %,
Si:0.03～2 quality %,
Mn:0.3～1.8 quality %,
P: greater than 0 but below 0.03 quality %,
S: greater than 0 but below 0.02 quality %,
Cr:0.3～2.5 quality %,
Al:0.0001～0.01 quality %,
Ca:0.0001～0.005 quality %,
Mg:0.0001～0.005 quality %,
N: greater than 0 but below 0.009 quality %,
O: greater than 0 but below 0.005 quality %, contain in addition
At least the element more than at least a kind of from Li, Na, K, Ba and Sr, selecting: add up to 0.00001～0.0050 quality %, and
Among Ti:0.01～0.5 quality % at least one, surplus contain iron and inevitable impurity.
In above-mentioned preferred chemical composition forms, contain again as required Mo: greater than 0 but also effective below 0.5 quality %.The characteristic of steel plate is further improved thus.
According to the present invention, make excellent strength by reducing S content, and make all easily distortion under low melting point of inclusion by each composition of suitably adjusting oxide based inclusion, thus can access the interrupted cut of carrying out with the HSS instrument (for example hobboing cutter processing) and the continuous cutting (for example turning) that carries out with sintered carbide tools two aspect can both give play to the steel for mechanical structure of excellent cutting property of quilt (particularly life tools).
Embodiment
Steel for mechanical structure of the present invention, being suppressed at S content below the 0.02 quality % as chemical composition is one of feature.By reducing this S content, can guarantee the mechanical characteristics of the intensity etc. of steel.But, when reducing S content, to being reduced by the effective sulfide-based inclusion of cutting property raising.Therefore, the present invention utilizes oxide based inclusion to improve the cutting property of quilt (particularly life tools) of steel in order to replenish the minimizing along with the sulfide-based inclusion of reduction of S content, and this is very important main points.
Steel of the present invention is not to be that inclusion is controlled to the MnS sulfides, and mainly is that the composition of oxide based inclusion is controlled, and improves thus the cutting property of quilt (particularly life tools) of steel.Oxide based inclusion contained in the steel of the present invention is revealed by eutectic, therefore, itself since when cutting the heat that produces and melting, form the film of protection resultant (mulch film belag) in tool surfaces, thus, can suppress tool wear.The eutectic of contained oxide based inclusion is revealed in the steel, can reach in the following way: establish oxide based inclusion average composition add up to 100% the time, except containing respectively CaO:10～55%, SiO
2: 20～70%, Al
2O
3: (do not contain 0%) below 35%, MgO:20% following (not containing 0%), MnO:5% following (not containing 0%) in addition also will be from Li
2O, Na
2O, K
2O, BaO, SrO and TiO
2In at least a total selected adjust to 0.5～20%.Stipulate the reasons are as follows of these compositions.Also have, the average composition of oxide based inclusion for example can be measured according to following method.
The 25mm in the rolling direction cross section by steel
2The visual field in X-ray microanalysis (EPMA), measure CaO, MgO, Al
2O
3, MnO, SiO
2, Na
2O, K
2O, BaO, SrO and TiO
2Deng oxide content.But the Li of oxide based inclusion
2O concentration can not be measured, and therefore by second ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) method, measures in the steps below.
(1) standard test portion
1) a large amount of making comprises except Li
2The synthesis oxide that the inclusion of O forms, and added therein Li
2The synthesis oxide of O, by chemical analysis to its Li
2O concentration is carried out quantitative analysis, makes the standard test portion.
2) measure the Li of each made synthesis oxide to the relative secondary ions intensity of Si.
3) draw Li to the relative secondary ions intensity of Si with aforementioned (1)-1) the middle Li that analyzes
2The inspection amount line of O concentration.
(2) secondary standard test portion (measuring environmental correction uses)
1) environmental correction in order to measure is produced on separately and has carried out the ion implantation standard test portion of Li on the Si wafer, measures Li to the relative secondary ions intensity of Si, is implementing aforementioned (1)-2) time revises.
(3) actual mensuration
1) measures each concentration of the CaO etc. of steel inclusion by EPMA.
2) measure the Li of steel inclusion to the relative secondary ions intensity of Si, in aforementioned (1)-3) among the inspection amount line of trying to achieve, select near aforementioned (3)-1) the inspection amount line of analytical results, try to achieve thus the Li of inclusion
2O content.
Be present in the mechanism structure of the present invention ratio of the oxide based inclusion in the steel, if in the scope of the effect that can access expectation of the present invention then be not particularly limited, but preferred state is, among the composition of the oxide inclusion that the present invention stipulates, the formation oxide compound more than 1/2 of Al, the Ca that preferably actively adds in order to form low-melting composite oxides, the addition of each element of Mg, more preferably form oxide compound more than 3/4 of the addition of each element, the further preferred oxide compound that forms more than 4/5, the further preferred oxide compound that forms more than 9/10.
Below, the circumscription reason for the composition that is present in the oxide based inclusion in the steel for mechanical structure of the present invention is elaborated with regard to each composition.Also have, unless the % that records and narrates in this specification sheets is particularly limited, otherwise all represent quality %.
[CaO：10～55％]
CaO makes oxide based inclusion become complex tissue and makes it eutectic and reveals, and the tool surfaces when being attached to cutting as mulch film has the effect of inhibition instrument abrasion.In order to bring into play this effect, needing CaO content is more than 10% with respect to oxide based inclusion overall (following its composition too).But if CaO content too much surpasses 55%, then the crystallization of CaO generates, and the steel hardening makes reduce life tools during cutting.Also have, the preferred upper limit of the content of CaO is 50%.
[SiO
2：20～70％]
SiO
2Be and CaO and Al
2O
3Generate the soft necessary composition of oxide based inclusion Deng together under low melting point, when being lower than 20%, oxide based inclusion becomes with CaO and Al
2O
3Be the inclusion of the large-scale or hard of main body, become the starting point of destruction.Therefore must make it to contain more than 20%, preferably make it to contain more than 30%.If but SiO
2Content is too much, and then oxide based inclusion becomes with SiO
2Be the high-melting-point of main body and the inclusion of hard, the possibility of the starting point that becomes broken string and destroy is arranged.This tendency is at SiO
2Content shows significantly when surpassing 70%, so SiO
2Content is suppressed at below 70% of crucial importance.Preferably be suppressed at below 65%, more preferably below 45%, further preferably below 40%.
[Al
2O
3: greater than 0 but below 35%]
By containing CaO and SiO
2, contain in addition the Li that preferably contains in the present invention
2O, Na
2O, K
2O content etc. by the suitable composition control of oxide based inclusion, in fact also can not contain Al
2O
3If but contain an amount of Al
2O
3, then oxide based inclusion can reach more low melting point and easily become soft, therefore preferably makes it to contain more than about 7%, more preferably more than 10%.But, if the Al in the oxide based inclusion
2O
3Too much, the alumina series inclusion that then becomes hard and be difficult to miniaturization still is difficult to miniaturization and becomes the starting point of destroying and losing in hot-rolled process, therefore should be suppressed at the most below 35%, preferably is suppressed at below about 30%.
[MgO: greater than 0 but below 20%]
MgO becomes MgOSiO
2Be the generation source of hard inclusions thing, easily become the reason of destroying and losing, this obstacle shows significantly when MgO surpasses 20%.Therefore for this obstacle is not occured, preferably it is suppressed at below 20%.Also have, the lower of MgO content Cheng Xuan is limited to 1%, is limited to 13% on preferred.
[MnO: greater than 0 but below 5%]
MnO has the SiO of making
2Be the effect of the melting point depression of oxide compound, be preferably below 5% for the effect of offsetting CaO.Also have, the preferred lower limit of MnO content is 1%, and preferred upper limit is 3%.
[from Li
2O, Na
2O, K
2O, BaO, SrO and TiO
2In select at least a: 0.5～20%]
From Li
2O, Na
2O, K
2O, BaO, SrO and TiO
2In the most special important component among at least a the present invention of being of selecting, play an important role at the fusing point of the combined oxidation system inclusion that makes generation and the reduction of viscosity.And, reveal and hang down viscosity for the eutectic that advances oxide based inclusion, promote the miniaturization of inclusion, guarantee cutting property of the quilt raising effect of the level that the present invention seeks, contain at least Li
2O, Na
2O, K
2O, BaO, SrO and TiO
2More than one add up to more than 0.5%, more preferably more than 1%, more preferably more than 2%.But, if Li
2O, Na
2O, K
2O, BaO, SrO and TiO
2More than one total surpass 20%, then oxide based inclusion too eutectic reveal, significantly improve for the melting loss of refractory body, increase from the hard inclusions thing amount of the melting of the liner refractory body that uses, make on the contrary by the reduction of cutting property.Therefore, the Li in the oxide based inclusion
2O, Na
2O, K
2O, BaO, SrO and TiO
2More than one total must be suppressed at below 20%, preferably be suppressed at below 15%.
As above-mentioned, form machine structural parts by using the suitable mechanism structure of having adjusted each component proportions of oxide based inclusion with steel, no matter in continuous cutting or interrupted cut, can both bring into play excellent cutting property of quilt.
In steel for mechanical structure of the present invention, about the adjustment of the proportion of composing of oxide based inclusion, particularly about Si, Al and Ca, preferably determine the amount of Al and Ca according to Si content and make it to reach the low melting point zone of calculating on the thermodynamics.
It is the physical construction steel that parts were suitable for that the present invention sets, and is not particularly limited about its steel grade, but improves for the characteristic at machinery makes by cutting property and other characteristics, also preferably the chemical composition composition is adjusted in the suitable scope.The circumscription that the preferred chemical composition of the steel of setting from this viewpoint forms be the reasons are as follows.
[C：0.1～1.2％]
C is being used for guaranteeing that by the needed core hardness of the parts of steel for mechanical structure manufacturing be effective element.If but C content is superfluous, then hardness excessively rises, by the reduction of cutting property.Therefore C content be (more preferably more than 0.13%) more than 0.1%, (more preferably below 1.1%) below 1.2%.
[Si：0.03～2％]
Si is the element of raising that helps the softening resistance of cementation zone.But if Si content is superfluous, then the cutting property of quilt during mechanical workout and forging reduce.Therefore Si content be (be preferably more than 0.1%) more than 0.03%, (more preferably below 0.7%) below 2%.
[Mn：0.3～1.8％]
Mn is as the deoxidation effect of waving that volleys, and is effective element at the inside quality that improves steel part for reducing oxide based inclusion.Improving hardenability in addition, increasing core hardness and the case depth of steel part, guaranteeing on the strength of parts it also is effective element.But, if Mn content is superfluous, then encourage the grain boundary segregation of P, fatigue strength is reduced.Therefore Mn content be (more preferably more than 0.5%) more than 0.3%, (more preferably below 1.5%) below 1.8%.
[P: greater than 0 but below 0.03%]
P is inevitable involved element (impurity) in the steel, the crackle in the time of can encouraging hot-work, therefore preferred reduce.Therefore, the P amount is decided to be (more preferably below 0.02%, more preferably below 0.01%) below 0.03%.To be difficult to make its content be 0% to P industrial.
[S: greater than 0 but below 0.02%]
S and Mn reaction form the MnS inclusion, the anisotropy of the shock strength of steel part are increased, preferred reduce.Therefore, S content is decided to be (more preferably below 0.015%) below 0.02%.But S is inevitable involved impurity in the steel, is 0% difficulty at industrial its content that makes.
[Cr：0.3～2.5％]
Cr be used for to improve the hardenability of steel, guarantees that on stable case depth and the necessary core hardness be effective element.During particularly for structural member such as usefulness steel making foot wheels, it is being used for guaranteeing that the static strength of this member and fatigue strength are effective elements.But if Cr content is superfluous, then the Cr carbide is at old γ grain boundary segregation, and fatigue strength reduces.Therefore Cr content is decided to be (more preferably more than 0.8%) more than 0.3%, (is limited to more preferably below 2.0%) below 2.5%
[Al：0.0001～0.01％]
Al is effective elements being used to form low-melting composite oxides.But, if Al content is superfluous, the Al of high-melting-point and hard then
2O
3The a large amount of generation, the instrument abrasion when making cutting increase.Therefore Al content is decided to be (more preferably more than 0.002%) more than 0.0001%, (more preferably below 0.005%) below 0.01%.
[Ca：0.0001～0.005％]
Ca is effective elements being used to form aforementioned so low-melting composite oxides.In addition, Ca suppresses the stretching, extension of the sulfide in the steel, can suppress the anisotropy of impact characteristics.If but Ca content is superfluous, then the thick Ca composite oxides that contain generate, and intensity has maybe and can reduce.Therefore Ca content is decided to be (more preferably more than 0.0005%) more than 0.0001%, (more preferably below 0.003%) below 0.005%.
[Mg：0.0001～0.005％]
Mg is effective elements being used for making aforementioned so low-melting composite oxides.In addition, the Mg stretching, extension that can suppress sulfide in steel the same as Ca, thereby the anisotropy of inhibition impact characteristics.If but Mg content is superfluous, then the MgO of high-melting-point and hard forms in a large number, causes on the contrary the reduction of life tools.Therefore Mg content is decided to be (more preferably more than 0.0002%) more than 0.0001%, (more preferably below 0.002%) below 0.005%.
[N: greater than 0 but below 0.009%]
N and other elements (Ti etc.) form nitride, help to organize miniaturization.Therefore recommend be preferably more than 0.002%, more preferably the amount more than 0.004% contains N.But, if N content is superfluous, bring disadvantageous effect then for hot rolling and ductility.Therefore, N content on be defined as 0.009% (more preferably 0.007%).Also have, N contains in steel inevitably, and industrial its content that makes is 0% to have any problem.
[O: greater than 0 but below 0.005%]
If O content is superfluous, then thick oxide based inclusion generates, and hot workability and the ductility of steel are brought disadvantageous effect.Therefore will be defined as 0.005% on the O content (more preferably 0.003%).But, need O in order to ensure the low melting point composite oxides that form mulch film.Therefore, recommend be preferably more than 0.0005%, more preferably the amount more than 0.0010% contains O.
[element of more than one that from Li, Na, K, Ba and Sr, select: add up to 0.00001～0.0050 quality %, Ti:0.01～0.5 quality %]
O in these elements and the steel reacts and becomes oxide compound, is included into CaO-Al
2O
3-SiO
2It is oxide compound and form low melting point oxide (CaO-Al for example
2O
3-SiO
2-TiO
2), therefore the tool surfaces when being attached to cutting as mulch film can be improved by cutting property.Particularly use when being coated with the HSS instrument of AlTiN, the tack of the mulch film that is formed by the oxide compound that contains these elements improves, and makes further reduction of instrument abrasion.Altogether, Ti and C and N react and form TiN, TiC, Ti (C, N) etc., are also bringing into play the effect of the coarse grains when preventing carburizing.In order to bring into play such effect, preferably contain Li, Na, K, Ba, Sr adds up to (more preferably more than 0.0001%) more than 0.00001%, preferably contain more than the Ti:0.01%.But, if the elements such as Li, Na, K, Ba, Sr are superfluous, then also can keep the situation of the refractory body melting loss of molten steel, therefore preferably add up to below 0.0050%.If its content of Ti is superfluous, then the thick carbide of hard generates, and is deteriorated by cutting property and toughness, therefore is preferably below 0.5%.
The basal component of steel for mechanical structure of the present invention forms as mentioned above, and surplus essence is iron.But the inevitable impurity (such as As, Sb, Sn, Te, Ta, Co rare earth element etc.) that allows to sneak into according to the situation of raw material, goods and materials, producing apparatus etc. is included in the steel.In addition, in steel for mechanical structure of the present invention, also can contain as required following selection element.
[Mo: greater than 0 but below 0.5% and/or B: greater than 0 but below 0.005%]
Mo and B are effective elements on hardenability improves, and also can contain in steel as required.In detail, Mo is guaranteeing the hardenability of mother metal, and is effective in the generation of inhibition slack quenching tissue.B also makes crystal grain boundary strengthen except making hardenability significantly improves in addition, has the effect of the shock strength that improves steel.Therefore be recommended in the steel with preferred 0.05%, more preferably the amount more than 0.10% contains Mo, with preferred more than 0.0005%, more preferably the amount more than 0.0008% contains B.
Superfluous but if Mo becomes, then the hardness of core is too hard, and cutting property of quilt and forging during mechanical workout are deteriorated.If B becomes superfluous in addition, then form the amount increase of B White Bone Demon compound with N, cold working and hot workability reduce.Therefore when containing them, be defined as 0.5% on the Mo (more preferably 0.4%), be defined as 0.005% on the B (more preferably 0.003%).
[Bi: greater than 0 but below 0.1%]
Bi is the element that makes cutting property of the quilt raising of steel, also can contain in steel as required.In order to bring into play this effect, recommend Bi to contain in steel with the amount more than 0.02%.If but Bi content is superfluous, then strength decreased.When therefore in steel, containing Bi, be defined as 0.1% (being preferably 0.08%) on it.
[Cu: greater than 0 but below 0.5%]
Cu is effective element on weathering resistance improves, and also can contain in steel as required.Therefore recommend in steel, to contain Cu with preferred amount more than 0.1%.If but the Cu amount is superfluous, then the hot workability of steel and ductility reduce, and crackle and flaw easily occur.Therefore when containing Cu, be defined as 0.5% on its content (more preferably 0.3%).
[Ni: greater than 0 but below 2%]
Ni is solid solution in matrix, is for improving the effective element of toughness, also can containing in steel as required.Therefore recommend in steel, to contain Ni with preferred amount more than 0.1%.If but the Ni amount is superfluous, then bainite or martensitic stucture are too flourishing, cause the reduction of toughness.Therefore when containing Ni, be defined as 2% on it (more preferably 1%).
[from Zr: greater than 0 but below 0.02%, V: greater than 0 but below 0.5% and W: greater than 0 but 1.0% with lower select at least a]
Zr, V and W form fine carbide, nitride, carbonitride with C and/or N respectively, being used for preventing that thickization of crystal grain from being effective element, also can contain in steel as required.Therefore the amount of stating more than recommending respectively contains select a kind of from Zr, V and W in steel.If but its content is superfluous, then hard carbide generates, and coating is deteriorated, and therefore cut-off is above-mentioned content.
Embodiment
Below, enumerate embodiment and be described more specifically the present invention, but the present invention is not limited by the examples below, within can meeting the scope of aforementioned, aftermentioned aim, can certainly suitably be changed enforcement, these all are included in the technical scope of the present invention.
Steel 150kg with the composition of the chemical composition shown in the following table 1 of vacuum induction furnace melting, be cast as the ingot casting of φ 200mm, forge (soaking (soaking): about 1250 ℃ * 3hr, Forge Heating: about 1000 ℃ * 1hr) and the cutting, be processed into the tabular of thick 30mm * wide 100mm * long 145mm, and this tabular forging material carried out normalizing (air cooling behind the 900 ℃ * 2hr), make tabular sample.At this moment, the adjustment of the proportion of composing of oxide based inclusion determines Al and Ca according to Si content, makes it to reach the low melting point zone of calculating on the thermodynamics.
[table 1]
* surplus: iron and inevitable impurity.
For as the aforementioned sample that obtains in contained oxide based inclusion, the 25mm in the rolling direction cross section by steel
2The visual field in X-ray microanalysis (EPMA), measure CaO, MgO, Al
2O
3, MnO, SiO
2, Na
2O, K
2O, BaO, SrO and TiO
2Deng oxide content.Resulting result is presented in the following table 2.
But the Li of oxide based inclusion
2O concentration can not be measured by EPMA, therefore by second ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) method, measures in the steps below.Resulting result is presented in the table 2.
(1) standard test portion
1) a large amount of making comprises except Li
2The synthesis oxide that inclusion beyond the O forms, and added therein Li
2The synthesis oxide of O, by chemical analysis to its Li
2O concentration is carried out quantitative analysis, makes the standard test portion.
2) measure the Li of each made synthesis oxide to the relative secondary ions intensity of Si.
3) draw Li to the relative secondary ions intensity of Si with aforementioned (1)-1) the middle Li that analyzes
2The inspection amount line of O concentration.
(2) secondary standard test portion (measuring environmental correction uses)
1) environmental correction in order to measure is produced on separately and has carried out the ion implantation standard test portion of Li on the Si wafer, measures Li to the relative secondary ions intensity of Si, is implementing aforementioned (1)-2) time revises.
(3) actual mensuration
1) measures each concentration of the CaO etc. of steel inclusion by EPMA.
2) measure the Li of steel inclusion to the relative secondary ions intensity of Si, in aforementioned (1)-3) among the inspection amount line of trying to achieve, select near aforementioned (3)-1) the inspection amount line of analytical results, try to achieve thus the Li of inclusion
2O content.
[table 2]
For resulting various steel plates, measure horizontal toughness with following condition, and when estimating continuous cutting and the cutting property of quilt during interrupted cut.
[horizontal toughness]
Along the direction perpendicular to rolling direction, cutting out notch geometry is pendulum impact test sheet (shape: 10mm * 10mm * 55mm), measure impact value (laterally pendulum impact value) of R10 (mm) from each steel.Its result is presented in the table 4.
[cutting property of the quilt evaluation during continuous cutting]
Cutting property of quilt when estimating continuous cutting, with the pole (normalizing material) of φ 80mm * long 350mm except behind the descaling, with the about 2mm of surfacing, after using this test portion to carry out external cutting processing, by average rear knife face abrasion width (tool grinder consumption) Vb of light microscope determining.At this moment external cutting processing conditions is as follows.Its result is presented in the following table 4.
(external cutting processing conditions)
Instrument: superhard alloy P10 (JIS B4053)
Cutting speed: 200m/min
Cutting is long: 3000m
The amount of giving: 0.2mm/rev
Incision: 1.5mm
Lubricating system: dry type
[cutting property of the quilt evaluation during interrupted cut]
Cutting property of quilt when estimating interrupted cut is estimated the tool wear of end mill processing.Except behind the descaling, the about 2mm of grinding skin is as end mill cutting test sheet to above-mentioned sheet material (normalizing material).Specifically, be exactly the work in-process heart (machining center) main shaft installation end milling cutter tools, the sample by the fixing thick 30mm that is made by aforesaid way of HSS * wide 100mm * long 145mm carries out incision processing under the cutting atmosphere of dry type.Detailed processing conditions is presented in the following table 3.After carrying out 200 interrupted cuts, with light microscope determining average flank wear width Vb.Its result is presented in the table 4.
[table 3]
The interrupted cut condition
[table 4]
By the result of table 1～4 as can be known, satisfy the sample No.A1～A19 of important document of the present invention, behind the continuous cutting and after the interrupted cut aspect two, the rear knife face abrasion width of instrument is little, and is in any one, all excellent by cutting property in continuous cutting and interrupted cut.
With respect to this, its Al content of test portion No.B1～B3 is all superfluous, Al
2O
3The a large amount of generation, the instrument abrasion during cutting increase.
Understand in detail the present invention with reference to specific embodiment, can not apply various changes and correction but do not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention, those skilled in the art should be clear.
This case is based on the Japanese patent application (patent 2008-016653) of on January 28th, 2008 application, its content with it with reference to and quote.
Utilize possibility on the industry
According to the present invention, make excellent strength by reducing S content, and make all easily distortion under low melting point of inclusion by each composition of suitably adjusting oxide based inclusion, thus can access the continuous cutting that carries out in the interrupted cut of carrying out with the HSS instrument with sintered carbide tools two aspect can both give play to the steel for mechanical structure of excellent cutting property of quilt (particularly life tools).
Claims (3)
1. steel for mechanical structure of implementing cutting property of the quilt excellence of machining, it is characterized in that, described steel contains: C:0.1～1.2 quality %, Si:0.03～2 quality %, Mn:0.3～1.8 quality %, P: greater than 0 but below 0.03 quality %, S: greater than 0 but below 0.02 quality %, Cr:0.3～2.5 quality %, Al:0.0001～0.01 quality %, Ca:0.0001～0.005 quality %, Mg:0.0001～0.005 quality %, N: greater than 0 but below 0.009 quality %, O: greater than 0 but below 0.005 quality %, and, also contain: add up to 0.00001～0.0050 quality % from by Li, Na, K, the element more than at least a kind and/or the Ti:0.01～0.5 quality % that select among the group that Ba and Sr consist of, surplus contains iron and inevitable impurity
And, be present in the oxide based inclusion in the steel for mechanical structure, when the total of average composition that will this oxide based inclusion is decided to be 100 quality %, contain:
CaO:10～55 quality %,
SiO
2: 20～70 quality %,
Al
2O
3: greater than 0 but below 35 quality %,
MgO: greater than 0 but below 20 quality %,
MnO: greater than 0 but below 5 quality % and
From Li
2O, Na
2O, K
2O, BaO, SrO and TiO
2In select more than a kind: add up to 0.5～20 quality %.
2. steel for mechanical structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the average composition of described oxide based inclusion is,
CaO:10～50 quality %,
SiO
2: 20～70 quality %,
Al
2O
3: 7～35 quality %,
MgO:1～13 quality %,
MnO:1～3 quality % and
From Li
2O, Na
2O, K
2O, BaO, SrO and TiO
2In select more than a kind: add up to 2～6 quality %.
3. steel for mechanical structure according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, also contains Mo: greater than 0 but below 0.5 quality %.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008-016653 | 2008-01-28 | ||
| JP2008016653A JP2009174033A (en) | 2008-01-28 | 2008-01-28 | Steel for machine structure having excellent machinability |
| PCT/JP2009/050721 WO2009096260A1 (en) | 2008-01-28 | 2009-01-20 | Steel for machine structural use with excellent machinability |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101925687A CN101925687A (en) | 2010-12-22 |
| CN101925687B true CN101925687B (en) | 2013-01-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009801031517A Expired - Fee Related CN101925687B (en) | 2008-01-28 | 2009-01-20 | Steel for machine structural use with excellent machinability |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8273292B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2248925B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2009174033A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20100099749A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101925687B (en) |
| TW (1) | TW200942624A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009096260A1 (en) |
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| JP5137082B2 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2013-02-06 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Steel for machine structure and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP5299104B2 (en) * | 2009-06-15 | 2013-09-25 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Induction hardening steel |
| KR101423439B1 (en) * | 2010-07-14 | 2014-07-24 | 신닛테츠스미킨 카부시키카이샤 | Steel having excellent machinability for mechanical structure |
| KR101357846B1 (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2014-02-05 | 신닛테츠스미킨 카부시키카이샤 | High-carbon steel wire having excellent drawability and fatigue properties after drawing |
| JP5856485B2 (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2016-02-09 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Forged product and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP5768757B2 (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2015-08-26 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Steel for machine structure |
| JP5833984B2 (en) * | 2012-07-24 | 2015-12-16 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Bearing steel and bearing parts with excellent rolling fatigue characteristics |
| JP5976584B2 (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2016-08-23 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Steel for bearings and bearing parts with excellent rolling fatigue characteristics and machinability |
| RU2530909C1 (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-10-20 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Steel |
| JP6462376B2 (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2019-01-30 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Bearing steel and bearing parts with excellent rolling fatigue characteristics |
| CN105385817A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-03-09 | 芜湖天金机械有限公司 | Universal joint spherical shell normalizing process with cutting performance improving function |
| CN105671434A (en) * | 2016-03-19 | 2016-06-15 | 上海大学 | Magnesium, calcium and sulfur containing 20MnCr free-cutting gear steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN106319349A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-01-11 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | Alloy structural steel for pre-stressed anchorage device |
| JP7189053B2 (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2022-12-13 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Non-tempered forging steel and non-tempered forged parts |
| CN113737112B (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2022-06-24 | 常州世竟液态金属有限公司 | Method for refining oxide inclusions in Zr-based bulk amorphous alloy |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101925687A (en) | 2010-12-22 |
| EP2248925B1 (en) | 2017-06-21 |
| EP2248925A4 (en) | 2013-12-11 |
| TW200942624A (en) | 2009-10-16 |
| US20110229363A1 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
| JP2009174033A (en) | 2009-08-06 |
| KR20100099749A (en) | 2010-09-13 |
| WO2009096260A1 (en) | 2009-08-06 |
| US8273292B2 (en) | 2012-09-25 |
| EP2248925A1 (en) | 2010-11-10 |
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