CN116497290A - Stainless steel material with good machinability and cutting destructiveness - Google Patents
Stainless steel material with good machinability and cutting destructiveness Download PDFInfo
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- CN116497290A CN116497290A CN202310463928.2A CN202310463928A CN116497290A CN 116497290 A CN116497290 A CN 116497290A CN 202310463928 A CN202310463928 A CN 202310463928A CN 116497290 A CN116497290 A CN 116497290A
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 45
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 45
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 37
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 7
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CSJDCSCTVDEHRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular oxygen Chemical compound C.O=O CSJDCSCTVDEHRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000754 Wrought iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004881 precipitation hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
- B21B3/02—Rolling special iron alloys, e.g. stainless steel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
- B21B45/0239—Lubricating
- B21B45/0242—Lubricants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B9/00—Measures for carrying out rolling operations under special conditions, e.g. in vacuum or inert atmosphere to prevent oxidation of work; Special measures for removing fumes from rolling mills
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D3/00—Diffusion processes for extraction of non-metals; Furnaces therefor
- C21D3/02—Extraction of non-metals
- C21D3/04—Decarburising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B2201/00—Special rolling modes
- B21B2201/06—Thermomechanical rolling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a stainless steel material with good machinability and cutting destructiveness, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: c:0.02-0.25%; si:0.001-0.20%; mn:0.50-2.5%; p: less than 0.05%; s:0.05-0.40%; cr:16.0-20.0%; 7.0 to 14.0 percent of Ni; bi:0.01-0.25%; b:0.001-0.0050%; n: less than 0.04%; al:0.001-0.020%; mg: less than 0.01%; ca: less than 0.01%; pb: less than 0.01%; o:0.001-0.025%; se:0.02-0.30%; te:0.01-0.20%; the free cutting performance of the stainless steel is effectively improved through the improvement of the raw materials of the stainless steel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of free-cutting stainless steel, in particular to a stainless steel material with good machinability and cutting destructiveness.
Background
Stainless steel generally refers to iron-based corrosion resistant alloy steels having a chromium content of 12-30% and stability in air, water, aqueous salt solutions, acids, and other corrosive media; stainless steel has excellent corrosion resistance, formability, workability and toughness, and is an indispensable steel material in the fields of civil use, military industry, nuclear power, aerospace and the like.
In recent years, with the development of industry, the automation level is continuously improved, the performance of equipment for producing and processing stainless steel is also continuously improved, and with the improvement of the performance of cutting and processing equipment, the requirements on the performance of steel materials used for parts to be processed are also higher and higher. For the production of stainless steel, decarburization and chromium retention are the main tasks of smelting stainless steel and the main smelting characteristics of stainless steel different from other steel types. According to different requirements of carbon content of steel types, the carbon content in the high Cr molten steel is quickly reduced to target components, and meanwhile, the reduction of the oxidation burning loss of noble metal Cr in the process is a main difficulty in stainless steel smelting. The requirements for Cr and carbon content in stainless steel materials are different for different types of stainless steel materials, and the production requirements are different.
Therefore, how to prepare the free-cutting stainless steel material is a problem to be solved by many manufacturers.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the purpose of the application is to provide a stainless steel material with good machinability and cutting destructiveness.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a stainless steel material with good machinability and cutting destructiveness, and adopts the following technical scheme:
a stainless steel material with good machinability and cutting destructiveness, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: c:0.02-0.25%; si:0.001-0.20%; mn:0.50-2.5%; p: less than 0.05%; s:0.05-0.40%;
Cr：16.0-20.0％；
7.0 to 14.0 percent of Ni; bi:0.01-0.25%; b:0.001-0.0050%; n: less than 0.04%; al:0.001-0.020%; mg: less than 0.01%; ca: less than 0.01%; pb: less than 0.01%; o:0.001-0.025%; in addition to the above components, one or two cutting elements of Te and Se expressed in weight percent are contained: se:0.02-0.30%; te:0.01-0.20%; and the main cutting elements satisfy the following formula: 0.01 < wS+0.15wBi+0.4wSe+0.25wTe < 0.5;1 < [ Mn ]/[ (S+1.5Se+2.5Te) ] < 4; [ Se ]/[ S ] < 0.3; [ Te ]/[ S ] < 0.3; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The four elements S, bi, se, te play a key role in the cutting performance of stainless steel, but the four elements are different.
The addition of sulfur (S) causes the stainless steel to generate hot shortness, reduces the ductility and toughness of the steel, and the added sulfur (S) can form sulfide in the stainless steel, thereby reducing the toughness and improving the cutting performance of the stainless steel.
The addition of selenium (Se) reduces the toughness of the stainless steel, so that the cutting performance of the stainless steel can be improved; the addition of tellurium (Te) improves the machinability of the stainless steel, and the addition of only a small amount of tellurium improves the machinability and machinability of the stainless steel. Selenium (Se) and tellurium (Te) are added to optimize the sulfide formation morphology, increase the amount of sulfide, and form a certain amount of sulfide inclusions in the stainless steel, thereby increasing the free cutting effect of the stainless steel.
The addition of bismuth (Bi) can significantly improve the chemical composition and forging properties of the wrought iron and improve the mechanical properties, and the added bismuth can exist alone or together with sulfide in the form of an adherent substance on the outer surface of sulfide-type inclusion fine particles, thereby improving the machinability of stainless steel.
The main cutting element (S, bi, se, te) added in the present application satisfies the following formula: 0.01 < wS+0.15wBi+0.4wSe+0.25wTe < 0.5;1 < [ Mn ]/[ (S+1.5Se+2.5Te) ] < 4; [ Se ]/[ S ] < 0.3; [ Te ]/[ S ] < 0.3;
the content of the composite phase forming amount in the above formula can be expressed as the relative content of atoms, that is, the content range of the most suitable composite compound is expressed in terms of the weight of S converted to the same number of atoms. The weight content of the main cutting element (S, bi, se, te) is adjusted, so that the free-cutting performance of the stainless steel is effectively improved.
Preferably, the stainless steel material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
c:0.04-0.2%; si:0.005-0.10%; mn:0.7-2%; p: less than 0.05%; s:0.1-0.30%;
Cr：17.0-19.0％；
9.0 to 13.0 percent of Ni; bi:0.05-0.2%; b:0.001-0.004%; n: less than 0.04%; al:0.005-0.01%; mg: less than 0.01%; ca: less than 0.01%; pb: less than 0.01%; o:0.001-0.020%.
The free cutting performance of the stainless steel is effectively improved by adjusting the addition amount of the raw materials.
Preferably, the stainless steel material further comprises MgO, caO, al 2 O 3 、SiO 2 More than one oxide of MnO, wherein the particles of the oxide occupy an area of not more than 20 μm in maximum average diameter under a microscopic field of 400 times, and the number of the oxide is not more than 5 particles and not more than 1000 particles per mm 2 。
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a stainless steel material with good machinability and cutting destructiveness, which adopts the following technical scheme:
and smelting, continuous casting, hot rolling, thermal annealing and pickling the raw materials of the stainless steel to obtain the stainless steel material.
Preferably, in the hot rolling step, the heating furnace is sequentially provided with a preheating zone, a heating zone and a soaking zone.
When hot rolling production is carried out in the preheating zone, the temperature of the preheating zone is 900-950 ℃ and the reaction time is 10-20min;
when hot rolling production is carried out in a heating zone, the temperature of the heating zone is 1000-1200 ℃ and the reaction time is 100-150min;
when hot rolling production is carried out in the heat transfer area, the temperature of the heat transfer area is 1210-1300 ℃, and the reaction time is 100-170min.
Preferably, carbon dioxide is blown into the heating furnace during hot rolling production in the preheating zone; blowing argon into a heating furnace when hot rolling production is carried out in a heating zone; when hot rolling production is performed in the soaking zone, carbon dioxide and argon are blown into the heating furnace.
Preferably, the flow rate of the carbon dioxide is 1200-1400NM 3 And/h, the flow rate of the introduced argon is 1000-1100NM 3 /h。
Decarburization and chromium retention are important steps for smelting stainless steel, and carbon dioxide is blown into a heating furnace when hot rolling production is carried out in a preheating zone; the introduced carbon dioxide can protect the steel billet, so that the oxidation of metal elements in the steel billet due to oxygen is effectively prevented in the hot rolling process, and the stability of the performance of the steel billet is effectively improved.
Blowing argon into a heating furnace when hot rolling production is carried out in a heating zone; argon is introduced in the process of hot rolling of the steel billet, and the introduced argon can promote carbon-oxygen mass transfer of the steel in the hot rolling process and accelerate carbon-oxygen action in the hot rolling process, so that carbon can be removed.
When hot rolling production is carried out in the soaking zone, carbon dioxide and argon are blown into the heating furnace, so that the carbon in the steel billet is removed while the steel billet is prevented from being oxidized, and the performance of the stainless steel is effectively improved.
Preferably, when hot rolling production is carried out in the heat transfer area, nanometer graphite powder is sprayed into the heating furnace, and the spraying speed is 5-10g/min.
According to the method, the nano graphite powder is sprayed into the heating furnace, the sprayed nano graphite powder forms a graphite lubricating film on the surface of the steel billet, the hot rolling speed can be improved, meanwhile, under the action of blown carbon dioxide and argon, the flowing speed of the nano graphite powder is accelerated, the sprayed nano graphite powder is adsorbed on the surface of the steel billet, an antioxidation layer is formed on the surface of the steel billet, the steel billet can be effectively prevented from being oxidized in the hot rolling process, secondly, the added nano graphite powder exists on the steel billet in the form of an adhesive substance, and the nano graphite powder is melted after being contacted with a cutting tool, so that the lubricant is used, and the cutting is broken, so that the cutting property of the stainless steel is improved.
Influence of elements on steel properties in the invention:
c:0.02-0.25%; the stainless steel contains a proper amount of C element, so that the strength of the stainless steel can be obviously improved, and the machinability of the stainless steel is improved; in addition, when the carbon (C) element in the stainless steel is high, the C element adversely affects the corrosion resistance and ductility of the stainless steel. Si:0.001-0.20%; the silicon element improves the electrode potential of the base metal, and can effectively improve the corrosion resistance of the steel. Mn:0.50-2.5%; mn is a chemical element added into stainless steel as deoxidizing agent or desulfurizing agent during steelmaking, and Mn can improve tempering hardenability of the stainless steel and reduce cracking, distortion and deformation. P: less than 0.05%; in general, phosphorus is a harmful element in steel, increases cold brittleness of steel, deteriorates welding efficiency, reduces plasticity, and deteriorates cold bending efficiency. S:0.05-0.40%; sulfur is also a detrimental element in the normal case, causing hot shortness to the steel, reducing ductility and toughness of the steel, and causing cracks during forging and rolling.
Cr:16.0-20.0%; chromium combines with oxygen to form Cr which is resistant to oxidation corrosion 2 O 3 A passivation film; the presence of Cr element also enhances the degree of refinement between grains in the stainless steel structure, thereby increasing the strength, hardness and wear resistance of the stainless steel.
7.0 to 14.0 percent of Ni; the existence of Ni element can slow down the corrosion phenomenon of steel, and can expand crystal grains in the stainless steel when the stainless steel is heated, so that the stability of crystal phase structures in the stainless steel is protected and maintained; the presence of Ni element also reduces the hardening speed of the stainless steel during cold working, thereby improving or enhancing the workability of the stainless steel. Bi:0.01-0.25%; the bismuth element can improve the cutting performance of steel, when the bismuth is uniformly dispersed in the steel, the particulate bismuth is melted after contacting with a cutting tool, plays a role of a lubricant, and breaks the cutting, so that overheating is avoided, and the cutting speed can be increased. B:0.001-0.0050%; boron has good effect on improving the heat intensity of steel, and can obviously improve the heat intensity of stainless steel; the boron content in stainless steel reduces the plasticity and impact toughness of the steel. N: less than 0.04%; the nitrogen element can improve the strength of the stainless steel without significantly impairing the plasticity and toughness of the steel. Al:0.001-0.020%; al is mainly used for precipitation hardening stainless steel and plays a role in refining grains and strengthening solid solution; can be used for improving the strength of stainless steel at room temperature and high temperature. Mg: less than 0.01%; the Mg element can reduce the number of inclusions in steel, reduce the size, uniformly distribute the inclusions, improve the morphology and the like. Ca: less than 0.01%; calcium is added into cast steel to greatly improve the fluidity of molten steel; the surface finish of the casting is improved, and the casting performance, the hot cracking resistance, the mechanical performance and the cutting processing performance are all increased to different degrees. The calcium element in the steel can improve the hydrogen-induced crack resistance and lamellar tearing resistance, and can prolong the service life of equipment and tools. Pb: less than 0.01%; lead Pb not only makes the chip break easily during cutting, but also plays a lubricating role.
O:0.001-0.025%; oxygen is an effective element for suppressing elongation of sulfide during hot working such as rolling, and is also an important element for improving machinability by this action.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the application discloses stainless steel material with good machinability and cutting destructiveness, through the improvement to the raw materials of stainless steel, add main cutting element S, bi, se, te to adjust the weight content of main cutting element S, bi, se, te, thereby effectively improved the free-cutting performance of stainless steel.
2. According to the method, through improvement of the hot rolling process, carbon dioxide and argon are blown into the heating furnace, so that the carbon in the steel billet is removed while the steel billet is prevented from being oxidized, and the performance of the stainless steel is effectively improved.
3. According to the method, through improvement of the hot rolling process, the nano graphite powder is sprayed into the heating furnace, so that the hot rolling speed can be improved, and the added nano graphite powder plays a role of a lubricant when cutting is performed, so that the machinability of stainless steel is improved.
Detailed Description
The raw materials used in the present application are all commercially available, wherein the nano graphite powder is purchased from Jiangsu ryan environmental protection technology Co.
The present application is described in further detail below in connection with examples and comparative examples.
Examples
Examples 1 to 6
As shown in table 1, the main differences between examples 1-6 are: the stainless steel materials used are different in raw materials.
The following description will take example 1 as an example.
A preparation method of a stainless steel material with good machinability and cutting destructiveness comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting: weighing the raw materials according to the formula, smelting molten steel and continuously casting into billets;
(2) Continuous casting process: forging and cogging, wherein the heating temperature of a casting blank is 1100 ℃, the final forging temperature is 950 ℃, and slow cooling is performed;
(3) Hot rolling: and (3) carrying out hot rolling on the cold blank in a heating furnace, wherein the heating furnace is sequentially provided with a preheating zone, a heating zone and a soaking zone along the length direction of the furnace.
The temperature of the actual measurement heating furnace is:
when hot rolling production is carried out in the preheating zone, the temperature of the preheating zone is 900 ℃, and the reaction time is 15min;
when hot rolling production is carried out in a heating zone, the temperature of the heating zone is 1100 ℃, and the reaction time is 130min;
when hot rolling production is carried out in the heat transfer area, the temperature of the heat transfer area is 1270 ℃ and the reaction time is 120min.
Blowing carbon dioxide into a heating furnace when hot rolling production is carried out in a preheating zone; blowing argon into a heating furnace when hot rolling production is carried out in a heating zone; blowing carbon dioxide and argon into a heating furnace when hot rolling production is carried out in the heat equalizing area; wherein the flow rate of the introduced carbon dioxide is 1200NM 3 And/h, the flow rate of the introduced argon is 1000NM 3 /h。
When hot rolling production is carried out in the heat-equalizing area, nanometer graphite powder is sprayed into the heating furnace, and the spraying speed is 8g/min.
(4) Thermal annealing and acid washing procedures: and (3) carrying out continuous annealing and acid washing on the hot rolled plate strip, keeping the annealing temperature at 1000 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 minutes, and naturally cooling by air to obtain the stainless steel material.
Table 1 raw material ratio table of molten steel
Example 7:
the difference from example 1 is that: the flow rate of carbon dioxide is 1300NM 3 Flow rate of argon is 1050NM 3 /h。
Example 8:
the difference from example 1 is that: the flow rate of carbon dioxide is 1400NM 3 Flow rate of argon is 1100NM 3 /h。
Example 9:
the difference from example 1 is that: when hot rolling production is carried out in the heat-equalizing area, nanometer graphite powder is sprayed into the heating furnace, and the spraying speed is 5g/min.
Example 10:
the difference from example 1 is that: when hot rolling production is carried out in the heat-equalizing area, nanometer graphite powder is sprayed into the heating furnace, and the spraying speed is 10g/min.
Comparative example 1:
the difference from example 1 is that: when hot rolling production is performed in the preheating zone, carbon dioxide is not blown into the heating furnace.
Comparative example 2:
the difference from example 1 is that: when hot rolling is performed in the heating zone, argon is not blown into the heating furnace.
Comparative example 3:
the difference from example 1 is that: when hot rolling production is performed in the soaking zone, carbon dioxide and argon are not blown into the heating furnace.
Comparative example 4:
the difference from example 1 is that: during hot rolling production, no gas is introduced.
Comparative example 5:
the difference from example 1 is that: during hot rolling production, nano graphite powder is not sprayed into the heating furnace.
Comparative example 6
The difference from example 1 is that: when hot rolling production is carried out, no gas is introduced, and nano graphite powder is not sprayed into the heating furnace.
Performance detection
1. Tensile mechanical property tests were performed on the stainless steel materials prepared in examples 1 to 10 and the samples prepared in comparative examples 1 to 6.
According to GB/T228.1-2010 first part of the metallic Material tensile test: room temperature test method the tensile strength and elongation after break of the stainless steel were measured and the results are shown in table 2.
Table 2 performance test table
As can be seen from Table 2, examples 1-10 and comparative examples 1-6, the stainless steel materials prepared in examples 1-10 have better tensile strength and elongation after break than the samples prepared in comparative examples 1-6, and the stainless steel materials with good machinability and cutting destructiveness are obtained by improving the stainless steel raw materials and the preparation process in the application.
As can be seen from example 1 and comparative example 1, the stainless steel material prepared in example 1 has better tensile strength and elongation after break than the sample prepared in comparative example 1, which means that carbon dioxide is blown into the heating furnace, and the carbon dioxide can protect the steel billet, effectively prevent oxidation of metal elements in the steel billet, and improve stability of steel billet performance.
As can be seen from example 1 and comparative example 2, the stainless steel material prepared in example 1 has better tensile strength and better elongation after break than the sample prepared in comparative example 2, which means that argon is introduced during hot rolling of the steel billet, and the introduced argon can accelerate the action of carbon and oxygen during hot rolling, thereby removing carbon and improving the stability of the steel billet performance.
As can be seen from example 1 and comparative example 3, the stainless steel material prepared in example 1 has better tensile strength and elongation after break than the sample prepared in comparative example 3, which shows that carbon dioxide and argon are blown into the heating furnace, so that the oxidation of the steel billet is prevented, and carbon in the steel billet is removed, thereby effectively improving the performance of the stainless steel.
As can be seen from example 1 and comparative example 4, the stainless steel material prepared in example 1 has better tensile strength and elongation after break than the sample prepared in comparative example 4, which means that gas (carbon dioxide and/or argon) is introduced during hot rolling production, thereby improving the performance of the stainless steel material.
As can be seen from example 1 and comparative example 5, the stainless steel material prepared in example 1 has better tensile strength and elongation after break than the sample prepared in comparative example 5, which indicates that the nano graphite powder is sprayed into the heating furnace, thereby improving the performance of the stainless steel material.
As can be seen from example 1 and comparative example 6, the stainless steel material prepared in example 1 has better tensile strength and elongation after break than the sample prepared in comparative example 6, which shows that the performance of the stainless steel material is improved by improving the preparation process in the application.
1. The cutting properties of the stainless steel materials prepared in examples 1 to 10 and the samples prepared in comparative examples 1 to 6 were evaluated.
The detection method comprises the following steps: the fixed cutting depth ap=2 mm, the cutting speed v=120 m/min, the feed rate f=0.3 mm/r, and the detection results are shown in table 3.
Table 3 cutting performance evaluation table
As can be seen from Table 2, examples 1-10 and comparative examples 1-6, the stainless steel materials prepared in examples 1-10 have cutting properties superior to those of the samples prepared in comparative examples 1-6, and it is demonstrated that the stainless steel materials with good machinability and cutting destructiveness are obtained by improving the stainless steel raw materials and the preparation process in the present application.
From example 1 and comparative example 1, the cutting performance of the stainless steel material prepared in example 1 is better than that of the sample prepared in comparative example 1, which means that carbon dioxide is blown into the heating furnace, and the introduced carbon dioxide can protect the billet, so that the cutting performance of the stainless steel material is improved.
As can be seen from example 1 and comparative example 2, the cutting performance of the stainless steel material prepared in example 1 is better than that of the sample prepared in comparative example 2, which indicates that argon is introduced during the hot rolling of the billet, so as to accelerate the action of carbon and oxygen during the hot rolling, and improve the cutting performance of the stainless steel material.
As is clear from example 1 and comparative example 3, the stainless steel material prepared in example 1 has cutting performance superior to that of the sample prepared in comparative example 3, which means that carbon dioxide and argon are blown into the heating furnace, so that the oxidation of the steel billet is prevented, and carbon in the steel billet is removed, thereby improving the cutting performance of the stainless steel material.
As is clear from example 1 and comparative example 4, the stainless steel material prepared in example 1 has cutting performance superior to that of the sample prepared in comparative example 4, which means that gas (carbon dioxide and/or argon) is introduced during hot rolling production to improve the cutting performance of the stainless steel material.
As can be seen from example 1 and comparative example 5, the cutting performance of the stainless steel material prepared in example 1 is better than that of the sample prepared in comparative example 5, which indicates that the cutting performance of the stainless steel material is improved by spraying the nano graphite powder into the heating furnace.
As can be seen from example 1 and comparative example 6, the stainless steel material prepared in example 1 has cutting performance superior to that of the sample prepared in comparative example 6, which indicates that the performance of the stainless steel material is improved by improving the preparation process in the application.
The present embodiment is merely illustrative of the present application and is not intended to be limiting, and those skilled in the art, after having read the present specification, may make modifications to the present embodiment without creative contribution as required, but is protected by patent laws within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A stainless steel material with good machinability and cutting destructiveness, characterized in that the stainless steel material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: c:0.02-0.25%; si:0.001-0.20%; mn:0.50-2.5%; p: less than 0.05%; s:0.05-0.40%;
Cr：16.0-20.0％；
7.0 to 14.0 percent of Ni; bi:0.01-0.25%; b:0.001-0.0050%; n: less than 0.04%; al:0.001-0.020%; mg: less than 0.01%; ca:0.01% of Pb: less than 0.01%; o:0.001-0.025%; in addition to the above components, one or two cutting elements of Te and Se expressed in weight percent are contained: se:0.02-0.30%; te:0.01-0.20%; and the main cutting elements satisfy the following formula: 0.01 < wS+0.15wBi+0.4wSe+0.25wTe < 0.5;1 < [ Mn ]/[ (S+1.5Se+2.5Te) ] < 4; [ Se ]/[ S ] < 0.3; [ Te ]/[ S ] < 0.3; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
2. The stainless steel material with good machinability and cutting destructiveness according to claim 1, characterized in that the stainless steel material comprises the following raw materials in weight percent:
c:0.04-0.2%; si:0.005-0.10%; mn:0.7-2%; p: less than 0.05%; s:0.1-0.30%;
Cr：17.0-19.0％；
9.0 to 13.0 percent of Ni; bi:0.05-0.2%; b:0.001-0.004%; n: less than 0.04%; al:0.005-0.01%; mg: less than 0.01%; ca: less than 0.01%; pb: less than 0.01%; o:0.001-0.020%.
3. A stainless steel material having good machinability and cutting destructiveness according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the stainless steel material also comprises oxide MgO, caO, al 2 O 3 、SiO 2 At least one of MnO.
4. A stainless steel material having good machinability and cutting destructiveness according to claim 3, characterized in that: the diameter of the oxide is not more than 20 mu m; the oxide amount is 5-1000 particles/mm 2 。
5. A method for preparing a stainless steel material with good machinability and cutting destructiveness, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: stainless steel material is obtained by smelting, continuous casting, hot rolling, thermal annealing and pickling the stainless steel raw materials according to any one of claims 1-4.
6. The method for producing a stainless steel material having good machinability and cutting destructiveness according to claim 5, characterized by: in the hot rolling step, a preheating zone, a heating zone and a soaking zone are sequentially arranged on the heating furnace, the temperature of the preheating zone is 900-950 ℃, the temperature of the heating zone is 1000-1200 ℃, and the temperature of the soaking zone is 1210-1300 ℃.
7. The method for producing a stainless steel material having good machinability and cutting destructiveness according to claim 6, characterized by: when hot rolling production is carried out in the preheating zone, the reaction time is 10-20min; when hot rolling production is carried out in the heating zone, the reaction time is 100-150min; when hot rolling production is carried out in the heat equalizing area, the reaction time is 100-170min.
8. The method for producing a stainless steel material having good machinability and cutting destructiveness according to claim 7, characterized by: blowing carbon dioxide into a heating furnace when hot rolling production is carried out in a preheating zone; blowing argon into a heating furnace when hot rolling production is carried out in a heating zone; when hot rolling production is performed in the soaking zone, carbon dioxide and argon are blown into the heating furnace.
9. The method for producing a stainless steel material having good machinability and cutting destructiveness according to claim 8, characterized by: the flow rate of the introduced carbon dioxide is 1200-1400NM 3 And/h, the flow rate of the introduced argon is 1000-1100NM 3 /h。
10. The method for producing a stainless steel material having good machinability and cutting destructiveness according to claim 9, characterized by: when hot rolling production is carried out in the heat-equalizing area, nanometer graphite powder is sprayed into the heating furnace, and the spraying speed is 5-10g/min.
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