CN100590208C - 42CrMoE heat treatment technique - Google Patents
42CrMoE heat treatment technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN100590208C CN100590208C CN200710012469A CN200710012469A CN100590208C CN 100590208 C CN100590208 C CN 100590208C CN 200710012469 A CN200710012469 A CN 200710012469A CN 200710012469 A CN200710012469 A CN 200710012469A CN 100590208 C CN100590208 C CN 100590208C
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 5
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000034189 Sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001337 iron nitride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a heat processing technique of 42CrMoE material used for a reciprocating compressor. The technique is suitable for the heat processing technique for the 42CrMoE piston rods used for all the reciprocating compressors and can also be applied to the mechanical devices which require high rigidity, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The invention can solve the problems of cracks, low surface hardening rigidity as well as poor wear resistance, poor acid resistance and poor corrosion resistance generated when the traditional surface heating processing technique is applied to the 42CrMoE piston rod, and the like. The invention includes the forging and shaping, hardening and tempering, stabilizing, nitriding, middle frequency or high frequency quenching as well as low temperature annealing of the 42CrMoE material; a surface compounded heat processing technology combined with nitriding and middle frequency or high frequency quenching is adopted: the 42CrMoE material is arranged in a nitriding furnace; ammonia gas is pumped in after the treatments of temperature rising and pro-oxidation to carry out nitriding treatment; then the middle frequency or high frequency quenching on the surface is carried out. The heat processing technique can be adopted to completely prevent the quenching cracks generated during the traditional high frequency quenching, improve the surface rigidity to be more than HRC60, improve the wear resistance by 34 percent and improve the acid and corrosion resistance by 40 percent.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to reciprocation compressor 42CrMoE material heat treatment process, be applicable to that all reciprocation compressors adopt 42CrMoE piston rod thermal treatment process.Also can be applicable to require hardness height, the corrosion-resistant mechanical means of wear resistance.
Background technology:
At present, reciprocation compressor comprises forging forming, normalizing, modified, stress-removal, high-frequency quenching and low-temperature tempering heat treatment technology with 42CrMoE piston rod thermal treatment process, and surface hardening hardness can only reach about HRC50, and wear resistance is very poor.The user proposes to improve the requirement of 42CrMoE piston rod surface hardness and wear resistance.Tend to cause the generation of hard surfacing crackle and scrap or in user's operational process, rupture if adopt traditional heat treating method to improve hardness value, cause huge direct or indirect financial loss to the user.Its acidproof brine corrosion of hardening of 42CrMoE piston rod induction-hardened surface is very poor, and particularly hydrochlorate is very serious in the atmosphere of coastland, forms spot corrosion or crackle and scraps at the 42CrMoE piston rod surface.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned conventional art, provide a kind of reciprocation compressor 42CrMoE thermal treatment process, problems such as crackle, the sclerosis hardness that solution 42CrMoE piston rod adopts conventional surface thermal treatment to be produced is low, the acidproof brine corrosion difference of wear resistance.Technology of the present invention can improve 42CrMoE piston rod surface hardness and reach more than the HRC60, and wear resistance improves 34%, and corrosion resistance nature (acidproof brine corrosion) improves about 40%.
In order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, technical scheme of the present invention comprises: with 42CrMoE material forging forming, normalizing, modified, stress-removal, nitrogenize, intermediate frequency or high-frequency quenching and low-temperature tempering heat treatment.Key step is as follows:
(1) normalizing: the 42CrMoE material is placed resistance furnace internal heating to 880 ℃ ± 10 ℃ insulation 2～4 hours, and the air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature.
(2) carry out modifier treatment after the machining, resistance furnace internal heating to 850 ℃～880 ℃ insulation 2～6 hours, the oil cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature; Change tempering stove internal heating to 560 ℃～600 ℃ insulation 2.5～6.5 hours over to, the air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature.
(3) carry out 3～5 hours stress-removal of 540 ℃～570 ℃ insulations after the semi-finishing and handle, stove is chilled to room temperature; 0.15～0.20 millimeter of corase grind allowance.
(4) the cleaning material surface places in the nitriding furnace that adds active rare earth, carries out pre-oxidation treatment and begins to warm to 510 ℃～520 ℃ from 450 ℃, begin for ammonia, and ammonia dissociation rate 18%～25%, furnace pressure 50～70 millimeter water column are incubated 16～20 hours; Be warmed up to 540 ℃～550 ℃ ammonia dissociation rates 30%～55% again, furnace pressure 60～80 millimeter water column are incubated 16～20 hours, and stove is as cold as below 250 ℃ and comes out of the stove air cooling to room temperature, 0.4～0.7 millimeter of total nitrogenize layer depth, hardness HV480～520.
Among the present invention, active rare earth is the conventional commercially available prod that is used for nitrogenize, and active rare earth atom plays clean activated metal surface, catalyst action, quickens [N] atom in metal surface diffusion, raising metallic surface active atomic concentration, provide passage for [N] atom infiltrates metal in a large number, accelerate infiltration rate.
(5) carry out intermediate frequency or high-frequency quenching without processing and handle, induction heating to 830 ℃～850 ℃ adopts water-soluble quenching agent to carry out shower cooling, and 1.5～2.0 millimeters of hardened depths carry out alignment and handle after the quenching.Then, 240 ℃～280 ℃ tempering, soaking time 1～2 hour is more than the hardness HRC60.
Described water-soluble quenching agent can be PAG class water-soluble quenching agent, as: mass concentration is 3%～5% polyether aqueous solution.
Technology of the present invention compared with prior art has following technique effect:
1, improves surface hardness and wear resistance, reduce producing quenching crack.With the 42CrMoE steel of art breading of the present invention, the surface hardness value reaches more than the HRC60, and surperficial layer depth reaches more than 1.8 millimeters.Only about HRC50, about the nitriding treatment surface hardness HV500, layer depth also has only 0.5 millimeter to tradition induction-hardened surface hardness value.That the tradition induction-hardened surface forms is quenched martensite tissue (Fig. 1), uses through low-temperaturetempering.Need to be heated to 880 ℃～900 ℃ hydrojet coolings in the quenching process, there is stealthy quenching crack danger in the Heating temperature height or directly cracks.Because nitrogenize has reduced the stagnation point of steel, Combined Processing has reduced the temperature of quenching, and this helps reducing the generation of workpiece quenching strain and quenching crack; Fabric analysis after the Combined Processing points out that ε that forms during nitriding and γ all dissolve in austenite and the ferrite mutually when inferior temperature heats, make the nitrided case thickening simultaneously.What hardened face formed is that the quenched martensite tissue adds iron nitride (Fig. 2), uses through low-temperaturetempering.Iron nitride occupies the ferrite position phase that low temperature quenching forms, the hard nitride add tempering martensite formed high rigidity and improve wear resistance 34% (table 1, Fig. 5, Fig. 6).
2, improve corrosion resistance nature 40%.ε that forms when forming nitriding through top layer behind the nitriding treatment and γ all dissolve in austenite and the ferrite when inferior temperature heats mutually, make the nitrided case thickening simultaneously, thereby improve corrosion resistance nature (table 2).
3, improve temper resistance.From 200 ℃～400 ℃ every 50 ℃ of detections a bit, the result shows since 300 ℃ of high frequencies and handles the obviously decline fast of sample hardness values.And Combined Processing sample hardness value does not obviously descend.Component of rod category is carried out carry out long nitridation process again after the stabilization treatment of standard general equal can being controlled in the 0.15mm scope of the deflection that produces in underway frequency or the high frequency treating processes (2.5mm is long).
4, to after the 42CrMoE steel employing surface recombination heat treatment technics, workpiece surface hardness reaches HRC60～67, has improved anti-temper resistance simultaneously; Combined Processing has thickened case depth, and hardened layer the inside is the quenched case of steel, thereby has improved the heavy loading ability of bearing of workpiece, and Combined Processing has improved the fastness to wear of workpiece.
5, Combined Processing is in the maximum value that hardness is arranged in surperficial 0.5mm, and HV0.2 surpasses 920, its corresponding HRC＞67; From 0.5mm～1.8mm, hardness drops to 760 (HV0.2) gradually, and this is worth corresponding HRC62.5; Portion's (arrive approximately apart from surperficial 2.5mm after) entad again reaches the hardness of core structure very soon, and average HV0.2 is 320, and corresponding HRC is about 32.The maximum value HV0.2 that high frequency is handled hardness has only 500, is roughly equal to HRC49.Hardened depth 1.3～1.8mm, core structure hardness HRC about 32.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 (a)-Fig. 1 (b) is high-frequency quenching treat surface and heart portion metallograph; Wherein, Fig. 1 (a) is the specimen surface metallograph; Fig. 1 (b) is a sample heart portion metallograph.
Fig. 2 for Combined Processing sample of the present invention from the surface to the metallographic structure of heart portion according to (a) and (b), (c), (d) order metallograph of portion's transition entad.
Fig. 3 is the X-ray diffraction spectrum of high-frequency quenching sample.
Fig. 4 is the X-ray diffraction spectral line of Combined Processing sample of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the photomacrograph of high frequency sample polishing scratch.
Fig. 6 is macroscopical form photo of composite sample polishing scratch of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the microscopic pattern of polishing scratch: (a) high frequency sample (10N load); (b) composite sample of the present invention (10N load); (c) high frequency sample (15N load); (d) composite sample of the present invention (15N load).
Embodiment:
Thermal treatment process of the present invention is to place resistance furnace internal heating to 880 ℃ ± 2～4 hours air coolings of coming out of the stove of 10 ℃ of insulations to room temperature in the 42CrMoE piston rod.Carry out modifier treatment after the machining, resistance furnace internal heating to 850 ℃～2～6 hours oil coolings of coming out of the stove of 880 ℃ of insulations are to room temperature, change tempering stove internal heating to 560 ℃～2.5～6.5 hours air coolings of coming out of the stove of 600 ℃ of insulations over to room temperature.Carry out 3～5 hours stress-removal of 540 ℃～570 ℃ insulations after the semi-finishing and handle, stove is chilled to room temperature; 0.15～0.20 millimeter of corase grind allowance.Cleaning piston bar Surface Vertical is lifted in the nitriding furnace and (adds conventional commercially available active rare earth in the nitriding furnace, as: the active rare earth of the embodiment of the invention can adopt the YF-series organic rare-earth energizer of Harbin Yifeng RE Material Development Co., Ltd.'s production etc., little bulk for lumpiness 20～30mm, calculate by equipment volume, add-on is about 0.2 kilogram/cubic metre), carry out pre-oxidation treatment and begin to warm to 510 ℃～520 ℃ from 450 ℃, begin after the pre-oxidation treatment for ammonia, ammonia dissociation rate 18%～25%, furnace pressure 50～70 millimeter water column are incubated 16～20 hours; Be warmed up to 540 ℃～550 ℃ again, ammonia dissociation rate 30%～55%, furnace pressure 60～80 millimeter water column are incubated 16～20 hours, and stove is as cold as below 250 ℃ and comes out of the stove air cooling to room temperature, 0.4～0.7 millimeter of total nitrogenize layer depth, hardness HV480～520.Carry out high-frequency quenching without processing and handle, induction heating to 830 ℃～850 ℃ adopts quenching medium (mass concentration is 3%～5% polyether aqueous solution) to spray, and 1.5～2.0 millimeters of hardened depths carry out alignment and handle after the quenching.Then, 240 ℃～280 ℃ tempering, soaking time 1～2 hour is more than the hardness HRC60.
Operational path:
Former route: forging and pressing-normalizing-processing-modified-processing-stress-removal-corase grind-high-frequency quenching-tempering-precision work
The present invention: forging and pressing-normalizing-processing-modified-processing-stress-removal-corase grind-nitrogenize (or ion nitriding)-intermediate frequency or high-frequency quenching-tempering-precision work
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment concrete steps are as follows:
(1) conventional forging and pressing;
(2) normalizing: 3 hours air coolings of coming out of the stove of 880 ℃ ± 10 ℃ insulations are to room temperature;
(3) conventional machining;
(4) modifier treatment: 2.5 hours oil coolings of coming out of the stove of 860 ℃ of insulations change tempering stove internal heating to 580 ℃ 4 hours air coolings of coming out of the stove of insulation over to room temperature to room temperature;
(5) conventional semi-finishing: generally be used for the part geometry tolerance when higher, in order to stay the cutting of less process redundancy to precision work, can require and the work material characteristics be used flexibly according to part tolerance;
(6) stress-removal is handled: 4 hours stress-removal of 560 ℃ of insulations is handled, and stove is chilled to room temperature;
(7) conventional corase grind;
(8) nitriding treatment: the preoxidation temperature of nitrogenize since 450 ℃ to 510 ℃～520 ℃, heat-up rate is 100 ℃/hour; Then, begin to carry out active rare earth catalysis nitriding for ammonia; Ammonia dissociation rate 20%, furnace pressure 60 millimeter water column are incubated 18 hours; Be warmed up to 540 ℃～550 ℃ again, ammonia dissociation rate 45%, furnace pressure 70 millimeter water column are incubated 18 hours, and stove is as cold as below 250 ℃ and comes out of the stove air cooling to room temperature;
(9) high-frequency quenching is handled: induction heating to 840 ℃ jet quenching agent is quenched;
(10) temper: 260 ℃ of tempering, soaking time 1.5 hours;
(11) conventional precision work.
0.4～0.7 millimeter of the piston rod nitriding layer depth of process nitriding treatment, 1.8～2.5 millimeters of the hardened depths of process quench treatment are more than the hardness HRC60 after the Combined Processing.
The frictional wear data that table 1. sample records under concrete test conditions
The corrosion rate of table 2. sample under concrete test conditions
Fig. 1 (a)-Fig. 1 (b) is high-frequency quenching treat surface and heart portion metallograph; Wherein, Fig. 1 (a) is the specimen surface metallograph; Fig. 1 (b) is a sample heart portion metallograph.Fig. 2 for Combined Processing sample of the present invention from the surface to the metallographic structure of heart portion according to (a) and (b), (c), (d) order metallograph of portion's transition entad.Fig. 3 is the X-ray diffraction spectrum of high-frequency quenching sample.Fig. 4 is the X-ray diffraction spectral line of Combined Processing sample of the present invention.Fig. 5 is the photomacrograph of high frequency sample polishing scratch.Fig. 6 is macroscopical form photo of composite sample polishing scratch of the present invention.Fig. 7 is the microscopic pattern of polishing scratch: (a) high frequency sample (10N load); (b) composite sample of the present invention (10N load); (c) high frequency sample (15N load); (d) composite sample of the present invention (15N load).
Embodiment 2
Difference from Example 1 is:
(1) conventional forging and pressing;
(2) normalizing treatment: 2 hours air coolings of coming out of the stove of 880 ℃ ± 10 ℃ insulations are to room temperature;
(3) conventional machining;
(4) modifier treatment: 2 hours oil coolings of coming out of the stove of 880 ℃ of insulations change tempering stove internal heating to 600 ℃ 2.5 hours air coolings of coming out of the stove of insulation over to room temperature to room temperature;
(5) conventional semi-finishing;
(6) stress-removal is handled: 5 hours stress-removal of 550 ℃ of insulations is handled, and stove is chilled to room temperature;
(7) conventional corase grind;
(8) nitriding treatment: the preoxidation temperature of nitrogenize since 450 ℃ to 510 ℃～520 ℃, heat-up rate is 100 ℃/hour; Then, begin to carry out active rare earth catalysis nitriding for ammonia; Ammonia dissociation rate 18%, furnace pressure 50 millimeter water column are incubated 20 hours; Be warmed up to 540 ℃～550 ℃ again, ammonia dissociation rate 30%, furnace pressure 60 millimeter water column are incubated 20 hours, and stove is as cold as below 250 ℃ and comes out of the stove air cooling to room temperature;
(9) high-frequency quenching is handled: induction heating to 830 ℃ jet quenching agent is quenched;
(10) temper: 240 ℃ of tempering, soaking time 2 hours;
(11) conventional precision work.
0.4～0.7 millimeter of the piston rod nitriding layer depth of process nitriding treatment, 1.5～2.0 millimeters of the hardened depths of process quench treatment are more than the hardness HRC60 after the Combined Processing.
Embodiment 3
(1) conventional forging and pressing;
(2) normalizing treatment: 4 hours air coolings of coming out of the stove of 880 ℃ ± 10 ℃ insulations are to room temperature;
(3) conventional machining;
(4) modifier treatment: 6 hours oil coolings of coming out of the stove of 850 ℃ of insulations change tempering stove internal heating to 560 ℃ 6 hours air coolings of coming out of the stove of insulation over to room temperature to room temperature;
(5) conventional semi-finishing;
(6) stress-removal is handled: 3 hours stress-removal of 570 ℃ of insulations is handled, and stove is chilled to room temperature;
(7) conventional corase grind;
(8) nitriding treatment: the preoxidation temperature of nitrogenize since 450 ℃ to 510 ℃～520 ℃, heat-up rate is 100 ℃/hour; Then, begin to carry out active rare earth catalysis nitriding for ammonia; Ammonia dissociation rate 25%, furnace pressure 70 millimeter water column are incubated 16 hours; Be warmed up to 540 ℃～550 ℃ again, ammonia dissociation rate 55%, furnace pressure 80 millimeter water column are incubated 16 hours, and stove is as cold as below 250 ℃ and comes out of the stove air cooling to room temperature;
(9) high-frequency quenching is handled: induction heating to 850 ℃ jet quenching agent is quenched;
(10) temper: 280 ℃ of tempering, soaking time 1 hour;
(11) conventional precision work.
0.4～0.7 millimeter of the piston rod nitriding layer depth of process nitriding treatment, 1.8～2.0 millimeters of the hardened depths of process quench treatment are more than the hardness HRC60 after the Combined Processing.
Sample result shows, adopts thermal treatment process of the present invention, can solve problems such as crackle, sclerosis hardness that the 42CrMoE piston rod adopts conventional surface thermal treatment to be produced are low, the acidproof brine corrosion difference of wear resistance.The present invention can prevent fully that traditional high-frequency quenching from producing quenching crack, improves surface hardness and reaches more than the HRC60, improves wear resistance 34%, acidproof brine corrosion 40%.
Experiment showed, that the present invention not only can be used on the piston rod, and can be used in all employing 42CrMoE materials, require on the mechanical component of hardness abrasion resistant and corrosion resistant.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of 42CrMoE thermal treatment process is characterized in that, this technology may further comprise the steps:
(1) forging forming of 42CrMoE material;
(2) modifier treatment of 42CrMoE material, 850 ℃～880 ℃ insulations 2～6 hours, the oil cooling of coming out of the stove was to room temperature; Carry out 560 ℃～600 ℃ tempering 2.5～6.5 hours again, air cooling is to room temperature; 42CrMoE material through modifier treatment is carried out semi-finishing, and 0.15～0.20 millimeter of corase grind allowance is carried out 540 ℃～570 ℃ insulations 3～5 hours then, and stove is chilled to room temperature;
(3) the 42CrMoE material surface is cleaned be placed in the nitriding furnace, feed ammonia after being warming up to 510 ℃～520 ℃ pre-oxidation treatment, ammonia dissociation rate 18%～25%, furnace pressure 50～70 millimeter water column are incubated 16～20 hours; Be warmed up to 540 ℃～550 ℃, ammonia dissociation rate 30%～55%, furnace pressure 60～80 millimeter water column are incubated 16～20 hours, and stove is as cold as below 250 ℃ and comes out of the stove air cooling to room temperature;
(4) the 42CrMoE material is carried out surperficial intermediate frequency or high-frequency quenching, induction heating to 830 ℃～850 ℃ adopts water-soluble quenching agent to carry out shower cooling.
2,42CrMoE thermal treatment process according to claim 1 is characterized in that, 0.4～0.7 millimeter of the material nitriding layer depth of process nitriding treatment, and 1.5～2.0 millimeters of the hardened depths of process quench treatment are more than the hardness HRC60 after the Combined Processing.
3,42CrMoE thermal treatment process according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in step (2), before the modifier treatment, carries out normalizing treatment, and 880 ℃ ± 10 ℃ insulations 2～4 hours, the air cooling of coming out of the stove was to room temperature.
4,42CrMoE thermal treatment process according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in step (3), pre-oxidation treatment begins to warm to 510 ℃～520 ℃ from 450 ℃, for ammonia, carries out active rare earth catalysis nitriding after the pre-oxidation treatment.
5,42CrMoE thermal treatment process according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in step (4), carries out alignment behind intermediate frequency or the high-frequency quenching, carries out 240 ℃～280 ℃ temper again, soaking time 1～2 hour.
6,42CrMoE thermal treatment process according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in step (4), quenching medium is a PAG class water-soluble quenching agent, and the employing mass concentration is 3～5% quenching medium aqueous solution shower cooling.
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| CN200710012469A CN100590208C (en) | 2007-08-15 | 2007-08-15 | 42CrMoE heat treatment technique |
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| CN200710012469A CN100590208C (en) | 2007-08-15 | 2007-08-15 | 42CrMoE heat treatment technique |
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| CN100590208C true CN100590208C (en) | 2010-02-17 |
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