CN100574811C - 一种高强度聚焦超声治疗用微粒类助剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种高强度聚焦超声治疗用微粒类助剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种能够增加HIFU治疗时靶区组织能量沉积的HIFU治疗用微粒类助剂,该助剂包括由成膜材料包裹芯构成的非连续相和水性介质构成的连续相,其中所述非连续相均匀地分散在所述连续相中,所述非连续相的粒径为0.1~8μm,所述成膜材料在助剂中的含量为0.1~100g/L,所述芯材料采用在38~100℃不产生液/气相变的液体,在助剂中的含量为5~200g/L。本发明提供的HIFU治疗用微粒类助剂能够显著改善靶区的声环境,增加HIFU治疗时靶区组织能量沉积,最终可显著提高临床HIFU对肿瘤细胞的损伤效果。本发明还相应地公开了一种HIFU治疗用微粒类助剂在HIFU治疗时的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药及医疗领域,具体地说,本发明涉及超声治疗领域,更具体地说,本发明涉及一种能够增加HIFU治疗时靶区组织能量沉积的HIFU治疗用微粒类助剂及其应用。
背景技术
高强度聚焦超声(High-intensity focused ultrasound,HIFU)技术作为一种治疗肿瘤和其他疾病的新方法已经得到临床的认可。它通过聚焦超声波,在病灶上形成高强度、连续超声能量,从而产生瞬态高温效应(65~100℃)、空化效应、机械效应和声化学效应,选择性地使病灶组织凝固性坏死,使肿瘤失去增殖、浸润和转移的能力。
有研究表明,超声波在人体组织中传播的过程,其能量随传播距离的增加呈指数级衰减(刘宝琴等人,中国超声医学杂志,2002,18(8):565-568)。另外,超声波在软组织中传播的能量衰减来自组织吸收、散射、折射、衍射等,其中最主要的能量损失来自于吸收和散射(冯若,王智彪主编,实用超声治疗学,北京:中国科学技术文献出版社,2002.14)。因此,运用HIFU技术治疗位置较深、体积较大的肿瘤时,由于能量的衰减必将导致靶区能量偏低,治疗效率下降,治疗时间延长。
当然,为了提高治疗效率,可以单纯地加大超声换能器的发射功率,但是,在高强度的超声环境中,超声波传播通道上的正常组织被烧伤的可能性就会大大增加。
另外,目前临床上在运用HIFU技术治疗声通道上有肋骨阻挡的肝脏肿瘤时,为了增加治疗靶区的能量沉积,提高治疗速度和治疗效果,常要在切除声通道上的肋骨后再治疗,这有悖于HIFU无创治疗的理念,因而很难得到患者和医生的认可。
这些因素的存在必会在一定程度上影响和限制HIFU作为一门临床适用技术的推广和普及。因此,如何增加HIFU治疗时靶区的能量沉积,使得能高效率地治疗深部肿瘤而又不损伤声通道上的正常组织或在不切除肋骨的情况下治疗被肋骨阻挡的肝脏肿瘤,就成为迫切需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种能够增加HIFU治疗时靶组织能量沉积的HIFU治疗用微粒类助剂。
本发明的另一个目的是提供本发明HIFU治疗用微粒类助剂增加HIFU治疗时靶区能量沉积的方法。
本发明的再一个目的是提供本发明HIFU治疗用微粒类助剂用于增强HIFU治疗疾病效果的用途。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种HIFU治疗用微粒类助剂。本发明的助剂能够在施用给生物体后有助于加强待HIFU治疗靶区吸收超声能量,即能降低单位体积的靶组织(肿瘤/非肿瘤组织)被损伤所需的超声能量的物质。在本发明中,对作为HIFU治疗用助剂的物质的类型没有过多的限制,只要该物质是脂类乳剂并在施用给靶组织后能改变该靶组织的声环境,促进靶组织对治疗性超声能量的吸收和沉积即可。
本文所用的术语“损伤”是指肿瘤或正常组织的生理状态发生实质性改变,通常是指肿瘤或正常组织的凝固性坏死。所述单位体积的靶组织被损伤所需的超声能量的多少,可用能效因子(energyefficiency factor,EEF)来量化。EEF=ηPt/V(单位是J/mm3),即定义为损伤单位体积的肿瘤或正常组织所需的超声能量。式中η表示HIFU换能器聚焦系数,它反映HIFU换能器对超声能量汇聚的能力,取η=0.7;P是HIFU源总声功率,单位是瓦(W);t是治疗总时间,单位是秒(s);V是损伤体积,单位是立方毫米(mm3)。在一种物质施用给靶组织后,如果靶组织的能效因子下降程度的越大,该物质越适合用作本发明的HIFU助剂。
本发明的HIFU治疗用助剂,在施用给靶组织后,能使靶组织的EEF下降,从而该组织在施用HIFU助剂前测得的基础EEF(即,EEF(基 础)与该组织在施用HIFU助剂后测得的EEF(即,EEF(测量))间的比率大于1,优选大于2,更优选大于4。对于该比率的上限没有限制,应该是越大越好。
具体而言,本发明作为HIFU治疗用的助剂,包括由成膜材料包裹芯构成的非连续相和水性介质构成的连续相,其中所述非连续相均匀地分散在所述连续相中,所述非连续相的粒径为0.1~8μm,优选为0.5~5μm,更优选为2.5~5μm;所述成膜材料在助剂中的含量为0.1~100g/L,优选为5~50g/L,更优选为5~20g/L;所述芯材料采用在38~100℃不产生液/气相变的液体,在助剂中的含量为5~200g/L,优选为10~100g/L,更优选为20~80g/L。
在本发明的上述技术方案中,所述成膜材料包括脂类,如3-sn-磷脂酰胆碱(卵磷脂)、1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰甘油基-钠盐、1,2-二硬脂酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰胆碱、1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰酸-钠盐、1,-2二棕榈酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰丝氨酸、氢化磷脂酰丝氨酸、胆固醇、糖脂;糖类,包括(例如)葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、淀粉及其不同链长的降解产物;蛋白类,包括(例如)白蛋白、球蛋白、纤维蛋白原、纤维蛋白、血红蛋白和植物蛋白的不同链长的降解产物等。
在本发明的上述技术方案中,所述芯材料包括,水,饱和脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸如大豆油、花生油等,以及碘油等。所述芯材料优选为油性液体,选自大豆油和碘油。
本发明提供的HIFU治疗用微粒类助剂优选以生物相容性的、可降解的生物材料如脂类为成膜材料,这使得该助剂能够经静脉注射,顺利通过血液循环,并很快被人体内富含网状内皮细胞的组织所吞噬,一定时间里能够大量沉积于人体组织内,从而能显著改变人体组织的声环境,进而显著增强人体组织对声波的吸收特性,增加HIFU治疗时靶区组织的能量沉积,最终可显著提高HIFU治疗肿瘤的效率。
在本发明的上述技术方案中,所述水性介质为蒸馏水、生理盐水或葡萄糖溶液。所述葡萄糖溶液浓度可达50%(W/V),但糖尿病患者使用的HIFU治疗用微粒类助剂,水性介质不可采用葡萄糖溶液。
当所述芯采用油性液体时,所述助剂还可含有乳化剂,该乳化剂一般可选用单乙二醇单C16-18脂肪酸酯、二乙二醇单C16-18脂肪酸酯、二乙二醇二C16-18脂肪酸酯、三乙二醇单C16-18脂肪酸酯、失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯(司盘系列)乳化剂、聚山梨醇酯(吐温系列)乳化剂、聚乙二醇单月桂酸酯系列乳化剂、聚氧乙烯月桂酸酯系列乳化剂、3-sn-磷脂酰胆碱(卵磷脂)、胆酸等。该乳化剂在所述助剂中的含量为5~150g/L。另外,所述助剂也可包含稳定剂如羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)、羧甲基纤维素钾、羧乙基纤维素钠、羧乙基纤维素钾、羧丙基纤维素钠、羧丙基纤维素钾、丙三醇(甘油)等。所述CMC-Na在助剂中的含量为0.01~10g/L,优选为0.05~0.6g/L,更优选为0.1~0.3g/L。所述丙三醇在助剂中的含量为5~100g/L。
在更为优选的技术方案中,为了增加所述助剂的稳定性,调节该助剂的pH值至7.0~9.0,优选调至7.5~8.5。无机或有机的酸、碱都可用于调节所述助剂的pH值。
另外,为了使本发明的HIFU治疗用微粒类助剂靶向特定的肿瘤组织或病灶部位,还可在该助剂中加入对所述肿瘤组织或病灶部位有特异亲和性的物质,如识别肿瘤的抗体等。
本发明的又一个技术方案提供了本发明HIFU治疗用微粒类助剂的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)分别按照0.1~100g/L、5~200g/L的含量计算称取成膜材料和芯材料,混合,形成油相;
(2)向所述步骤(1)所得的油相中加入水性介质至预定体积,经搅拌形成初乳;
(3)将所述步骤(2)所得的初乳在声功率为300~500W、声振时间为30秒~3分钟的条件下进行超声乳化。
在本发明HIFU治疗用微粒类助剂的制备方法中,在所述步骤(1)中优选采用加热溶解的方式使所述成膜材料和芯材料充分溶解形成油相。更为优选的是,在所述成膜材料和芯材料充分溶解前可加入稳定剂。在所述步骤(2)中水性介质中还可含有乳化剂。
本发明还提供了一种增加HIFU治疗时靶区能量沉积的方法,其特征在于,在HIFU治疗前0~24小时通过静脉连续快速滴注或团注方式给患者注射有效剂量的本发明HIFU治疗用微粒类助剂。所述有效剂量会随肿瘤类型、患者的体重、肿瘤位置、肿瘤体积等因素有所变化。但是,医师或药剂师有能力为不同的患者确定出合适的注射量。例如,可在0.01~5ml助剂/kg体重的范围内选择,优选在0.01~2.5ml助剂/kg体重的范围内选择。
具体实施方式
实施例1
分别称取注射用碘油(购自上海化学试剂公司)4g、注射用蛋黄卵磷脂(购自上海化学试剂公司)0.6g、注射用甘油(购自上海化学试剂公司)1.25g,混合,加热至70℃使之溶解形成油相,向油相中加入含1%(W/V)乳化剂F-68(购自Sigma公司)的蒸馏水至17.5ml,剧烈振荡后形成初乳。将上述初乳置于大试管内,在功率350W下对初乳进行超声乳化2分钟,形成均匀的乳化碘油,再经100℃流通蒸汽30分钟消毒备用,其pH值7.5~8.5,含碘量0.13g/ml。粒径<1μm,渗透压350mosm/千克水。
实施例2~4
按照与实施例1所述的相同的方法和步骤,使用注射用大豆油代替注射用碘油作为芯材料,使用注射用卵磷脂代替蛋黄卵磷脂作为成膜材料,按照下表1所列的配比获得了下列本发明的HIFU治疗用微粒类助剂。所获得助剂为白色乳状液体,适用于动物及人体静脉注射,相应的参数如下表1所示:
表1
实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | |
注射用大豆油在助剂中的含量(W/V) | 10% | 20% | 10% |
注射用大豆油用量 | 100g | 200g | 100g |
注射用卵磷脂用量 | 12g | 12g | 12g |
注射用甘油用量 | 22g | 22g | 16.7g |
注射用水(加至) | 1000ml | 1000ml | 1000ml |
pH值约为 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
非连续相的粒径 | 0.1~2μm | 1~5μm | 0.5~2μm |
渗透压(mosm/千克水) | 300 | 350 | 310 |
能量MJ(kcal) | 4.6(1100) | 8.4(2000) | 12.6(3000) |
下文结合HIFU肿瘤治疗设备的使用,以试验例的方式说明本发明实施例制得的助剂的技术效果。
试验例1
实施例3制得的助剂和JC型HIFU肿瘤治疗系统的联合使用
新西兰大白兔50只(重庆医科大学动物实验中心提供),雌雄不限,月龄3个月左右,平均分成A、B两组,A、B两组兔体重分别为2.22±0.21kg和2.24±0.19(P>0.05)。
肌肉注射麻醉大白兔,将其固定于HIFU治疗床上,用JC型HIFU肿瘤治疗系统(由重庆海扶(HIFU)技术有限公司生产)对实验大白兔进行辐照。JC型HIFU肿瘤治疗系统主要由可调功率发生器、B超监控系统、治疗探头、机械运动控制系统、治疗床和声耦合装置等五部分组成。该系统治疗头的直径为150mm,焦距150mm,声焦域2.3×2.4×26mm,工作频率1MHz,循环脱气水标准为含气量≤3ppm,平均声强为5500W/cm2。
采用HIFU随机带B超预扫描兔肝脏,选择≥2cm的间隔及2.0cm的损伤深度的两个层面,A组以左侧(左/中叶)兔肝脏为对照叶(给予生理盐水侧),右侧(右叶)为实验叶(给予实施例3制得的助剂,给药侧),B组与A组相反。治疗深度均为2.0cm(皮肤外侧距焦点的距离)。选定好肝脏层面后,沿兔耳缘静脉输入生理盐水(50~60滴/分钟),20分钟后行定点或直线方式(线长1cm,扫描,速度3mm/s)对左侧(A组)或右侧(B组)兔肝脏进行HIFU损伤,记录靶区灰度变化、治疗时间。然后将HIFU治疗机焦点移至另一侧,以实施例3制得的助剂代替生理盐水静脉输入后(输液速度及时间同对照叶)进行HIFU损伤。同一只兔肝脏两侧损伤方式相同。
辐照后24小时解剖取材,测量兔肝脏损伤部位凝固性坏死区的径线(长、宽、厚),以公式:V=4/3π×1/2长×1/2宽×1/2厚,计算凝固性坏死的大小。按照公式EEF=ηPt/V(J/mm3)计算EEF,并进行A、B组间和组内比较。在一种物质施用给靶组织后,如果靶组织的能效因子下降的程度越大,该物质越适合用作HIFU助剂。结果如表2所示:
表2对照叶的EEF与实验叶的EEF的比较
上述表2的结果表明:给予生理盐水在A,B两组组间比较,没有显著性差异;给药本发明实施例3制得的微粒类HIFU助剂在A,B两组组间比较,也没有显著性差异。但是,将对照叶和实验叶的实验结果进行比较,无论是A组还是B组具有十分显著的差异。在A、B组合计的情况下,实验叶较施用生理盐水的对照叶,EEF平均下降2.22倍。
试验例2
实施例1制得的助剂乳化碘油和JC型HIFU肿瘤治疗系统的联合使用
取新西兰大白兔30只(重庆医科大学动物实验中心提供),体重2kg左右,随机分成实验组和正常组,每组15只,每只大白兔设两个辐照点。正常组大白兔按2.5ml/kg的量经耳缘静脉快速注射给予生理盐水。实验组大白兔按2.5ml/kg的量经耳缘静脉快速注射给予实施例1制得的助剂乳化碘油,并给予1ml生理盐水冲洗,确保药物完全进入体内。1小时后,使用JC型HIFU肿瘤治疗系统(重庆海扶(HIFU)技术有限公司生产)分别对实验组和正常组的大白兔肝脏进行定点辐照。辐照的功率为220W,频率为1.0MHZ,辐照深度为20mm,辐照时间以出现凝固性坏死为好。计量资料用平均值±SD表示,采用SPSS 10.0 for windows统计软件包,独立及配对t检验;计数资料用χ2检验。比较实验组和正常组的EEF,如下表3所示:
表3正常组的EEF与实验组的EEF的比较
n表示辐照点数。*与对照组相比,P<0.001。
上表结果表明:实施例1制得的乳化碘油可使HIFU损伤肝脏组织的EEF明显降低。
试验例3实施例3制得的助剂的体外实验研究
取新西兰大白兔10只(由重庆医科大学动物实验中心提供),雌雄不限,月龄3个月左右。随机分成实验组(给予实施例3制得的助剂)与对照组(给予生理盐水),兔体重分别为2.40±0.45kg和2.32±0.08kg(P>0.5)。实验前24小时禁食。采用CZF-1型HIFU妇科治疗仪(由重庆海扶(HIFU)技术有限公司生产)实施对兔肝脏的辐照。CZF-1型HIFU妇科治疗仪由功率源、治疗头和循环水三部分组成,参见中国发明专利No.01144259.X。本实验设置参数为:功率4.05W、频率11MHz、脉冲1000Hz。
肌肉注射麻醉大白兔后,经兔耳缘静脉输入实施例3制得的助剂(实验组)或生理盐水(对照组),输液速度均为50~60滴/分钟,输液时间均为20分钟。
输液完成后约1小时,将兔仰卧固定于手术台上,取上腹部正中切口约长4~5cm,逐层切开腹壁全层进入腹腔,暴露并轻轻牵出肝脏。每叶兔肝在每个时段损伤1~2个点,本实验设定的损伤时段为3s,6s,9s三个时段。设计好损伤点后即按上述实验参数进行实验。损伤结束后,将兔肝送回腹腔,逐层缝合腹壁全层。
次日过量麻醉处死兔,取出肝脏照相及测量损伤组织的径线并计算EEF。数据均用平均值±SD表示,采用SPSS 10.0for windows统计软件包,独立样本t检验,p<0.05为统计有意义。实验测得对照组每个损伤时段各21个点,共计63(21×3)个点的组织损伤体积;实验组每个损伤时段30个点,共计90(30×3)个点的组织损伤体积。根据公式计算出EEF,结果如下表4所列:
表4对照组的EEF值与实验组的EEF值的比较
上表4所列结果说明:对照组在3s,6s,9s时段的EEF值分别为实验组相应时段的EEF值的2.34倍,1.30倍,1.26倍。总下降倍数为:1.59倍。因9s时差异已无显著性,如不计算在内则EEF下降倍数为:1.78倍。
产业上的实用性
本发明提供的HIFU治疗用微粒类助剂能够显著改善靶区的声环境,能降低单位体积的靶组织(肿瘤/非肿瘤组织)被损伤所需的超声能量,使得在一定功率下,可以高效率地治疗位置较深、体积较大的肿瘤,而又不损伤声通道上的正常组织。采用本发明的助剂使得在不切除患者的治疗声通道上的肋骨的情况下对肝肿瘤患者有效实施HIFU治疗成为可能。
尽管结合优选实施例对本发明进行了说明,但本发明并不局限于上述实施例,应该理解,在本发明构思的引导下,本领域技术人员可进行各种修改和改进,所附权利要求概括了本发明的范围。
Claims (11)
1.一种乳化碘油,该乳化碘油由非连续相和连续相构成,其中所述非连续相均匀地分散在所述连续相中,所述非连续相由碘油、磷脂、乳化剂构成,所述连续相由水性介质构成,所述非连续相的粒径为0.1~8μm,所述磷脂在乳化碘油中的含量为0.1~100g/L,所述碘油在乳化碘油中的含量为5~200g/L。
2.根据权利要求1所述的乳化碘油,其特征在于,所述非连续相的粒径为0.5~5μm。
3.根据权利要求2所述的乳化碘油,其特征在于,所述非连续相的粒径为0.5~1μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的乳化碘油,其特征在于,所述磷脂选自3-sn-磷脂酰胆碱、1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰甘油基-钠盐、1,2-二硬脂酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰胆碱、1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰酸-钠盐、1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰丝氨酸和氢化磷脂酰丝氨酸。
5.根据权利要求1所述的乳化碘油,其中所述乳化剂选自单乙二醇单C16-18脂肪酸酯、二乙二醇单C16-18脂肪酸酯、二乙二醇二C16-18脂肪酸酯、三乙二醇单C16-18脂肪酸酯、失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯、聚山梨醇酯、聚乙二醇单月桂酸酯、聚氧乙烯月桂酸酯和胆酸。
6.根据权利要求1所述的乳化碘油,其特征在于,所述水性介质为蒸馏水、生理盐水或葡萄糖溶液。
7.根据权利要求1所述的乳化碘油,其特征在于,所述碘油在乳化碘油中的含量为10~100g/L。
8.根据权利要求7所述的乳化碘油,其特征在于,所述碘油在乳化碘油中的含量为20~80g/L。
9.根据权利要求1所述的乳化碘油,其中所述乳化碘油还含有稳定剂羧甲基纤维素钠,在乳化碘油中的含量为0.01~10g/L。
10.根据权利要求1所述的乳化碘油,其中所述乳化碘油还含有稳定剂丙三醇,在乳化碘油中的含量为5~100g/L。
11.权利要求1-10中任一项所述的乳化碘油的用途,其用作制备高强度聚焦超声治疗用助剂。
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CN200510000348A CN100574811C (zh) | 2005-01-10 | 2005-01-10 | 一种高强度聚焦超声治疗用微粒类助剂及其应用 |
ES05781870T ES2348723T3 (es) | 2005-01-10 | 2005-09-02 | Adyuvante en forma de particulas para una terapia por hifu y su uso. |
KR1020077015585A KR20070094620A (ko) | 2005-01-10 | 2005-09-02 | 고강도 집적 초음파 처치용 입자 강화제 및 그의 용도 |
EP05781870A EP1842559B1 (en) | 2005-01-10 | 2005-09-02 | Particle adjuvant for hifu therapy and the use thereof |
JP2007549783A JP2008526787A (ja) | 2005-01-10 | 2005-09-02 | 高密度焦点式超音波治療のための微粒子増強剤およびその使用 |
BRPI0518497-5A BRPI0518497A2 (pt) | 2005-01-10 | 2005-09-02 | adjuvante particulado para terapia hifu e uso do mesmo |
RU2007127666/15A RU2360700C2 (ru) | 2005-01-10 | 2005-09-02 | Дисперсный активатор для высокоинтенсивной фокусированной ультразвуковой терапии и его применение |
US11/794,931 US20080139973A1 (en) | 2005-01-10 | 2005-09-02 | Particle Enhancement Agent For High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment And Use Thereof |
PCT/CN2005/001392 WO2006072201A1 (fr) | 2005-01-10 | 2005-09-02 | Adjuvant sous forme de particules pour un traitement hifu et son utilisation |
AT05781870T ATE478683T1 (de) | 2005-01-10 | 2005-09-02 | Teilchenförmiges adjuvans für hifu-therapie und seine verwendung |
CA2593658A CA2593658C (en) | 2005-01-10 | 2005-09-02 | Particle enhancement agent for high intensity focused ultrasound treatment and use thereof |
AU2005324274A AU2005324274B2 (en) | 2005-01-10 | 2005-09-02 | Particle adjuvant for HIFU therapy and the use thereof |
DE602005023217T DE602005023217D1 (de) | 2005-01-10 | 2005-09-02 | Teilchenförmiges adjuvans für hifu-therapie und seine verwendung |
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CA2781904A1 (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-06-30 | Avon Products, Inc. | Coupling emulsions for use with ultrasound devices |
EP2768396A2 (en) | 2011-10-17 | 2014-08-27 | Butterfly Network Inc. | Transmissive imaging and related apparatus and methods |
CN104334197B (zh) * | 2012-05-09 | 2017-03-15 | 辛维特有限公司 | 超声接触液 |
US9667889B2 (en) | 2013-04-03 | 2017-05-30 | Butterfly Network, Inc. | Portable electronic devices with integrated imaging capabilities |
CN107261197B (zh) * | 2017-07-12 | 2020-05-01 | 安疗生命科学(武汉)有限公司 | 一种乳化碘油血管栓塞材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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JP2008526787A (ja) | 2008-07-24 |
DE602005023217D1 (de) | 2010-10-07 |
CA2593658A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
ATE478683T1 (de) | 2010-09-15 |
EP1842559A4 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
WO2006072201A1 (fr) | 2006-07-13 |
RU2007127666A (ru) | 2009-01-27 |
AU2005324274B2 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
KR20070094620A (ko) | 2007-09-20 |
CN1803198A (zh) | 2006-07-19 |
EP1842559A1 (en) | 2007-10-10 |
CA2593658C (en) | 2011-06-07 |
RU2360700C2 (ru) | 2009-07-10 |
US20080139973A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
EP1842559B1 (en) | 2010-08-25 |
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BRPI0518497A2 (pt) | 2008-11-25 |
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