CN100554651C - 电磁液压阀 - Google Patents

电磁液压阀 Download PDF

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CN100554651C
CN100554651C CNB2005800471422A CN200580047142A CN100554651C CN 100554651 C CN100554651 C CN 100554651C CN B2005800471422 A CNB2005800471422 A CN B2005800471422A CN 200580047142 A CN200580047142 A CN 200580047142A CN 100554651 C CN100554651 C CN 100554651C
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control piston
valve
electromagnetic hydraulic
hydraulic valve
sleeve
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CN101107426A (zh
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克劳斯·达乌特
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Fifth Schaeffler Investment Management & CoKg GmbH
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0603—Multiple-way valves
    • F16K31/061—Sliding valves
    • F16K31/0613—Sliding valves with cylindrical slides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L1/3442—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
    • F01L2001/34423—Details relating to the hydraulic feeding circuit
    • F01L2001/34426—Oil control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L1/3442—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
    • F01L2001/34423—Details relating to the hydraulic feeding circuit
    • F01L2001/34426—Oil control valves
    • F01L2001/3443—Solenoid driven oil control valves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86493—Multi-way valve unit
    • Y10T137/86574—Supply and exhaust
    • Y10T137/8667—Reciprocating valve
    • Y10T137/86694—Piston valve
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86493—Multi-way valve unit
    • Y10T137/86574—Supply and exhaust
    • Y10T137/8667—Reciprocating valve
    • Y10T137/86694—Piston valve
    • Y10T137/86702—With internal flow passage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86493—Multi-way valve unit
    • Y10T137/86574—Supply and exhaust
    • Y10T137/8667—Reciprocating valve
    • Y10T137/86694—Piston valve
    • Y10T137/8671—With annular passage [e.g., spool]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种电磁液压阀(1)，特别是比例阀，用于控制相对于内燃机的曲轴调整凸轮轴旋转角的装置，该液压阀由电磁铁(2)及阀门件(3)组成，该电磁铁具有空心圆柱体磁性外壳(4)、至少一个线圈绕组(5)和可轴向移动的电枢(6)以及第一、第二极靴(7、8)，该阀门件(3)具有空心圆柱体的阀门外壳(9)，里面容纳可由电磁铁(2)的电枢(6)通过推杆(11)轴向移动的控制活塞(12)。本发明的目的在于，控制活塞(12)处于推杆(11)方向的末端上设置由底部(18)和空心圆柱体的侧壁(19)组成的套筒(17)，其硬度高于控制活塞(12)。通过这种结构的活塞，与现有技术相比可以更加简单地制造阀门件(3)。

Description

电磁液压阀
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电磁液压阀，特别是比例阀，用于控制相对于内燃机的曲轴调整凸轮轴旋转角的装置。
背景技术
利用凸轮轴调整装置使内燃机的燃料需求与其各自所要输出的功率相配合。在这种情况下进气门的开度这样调整，使所要输出的功率所需的燃料量喷入燃烧室内。为改变气门开度，凸轮轴相对于曲轴扭转。作为压力油使用内燃机的液压油。作为压力油源使用内燃机的润滑油回路。调整装置的操作通过电磁液压阀进行。
DE 198 53 670 A1公开了一种分类构成的电磁液压阀，该液压阀作为比例阀构成，用于控制相对于内燃机的曲轴调整凸轮轴旋转角的装置并基本上由电磁铁和固定在该电磁铁上的液压阀件组成。电磁铁在此方面具有空心圆柱体的磁性外壳，里面设置至少一个线圈绕组和可轴向移动的电枢。此外，磁性外壳内设置第一和第二极靴。比例阀的阀门件与此相对通过端面敞开的空心圆柱体阀门外壳构成，在其空心圆柱体内容纳可从电磁铁的电枢通过推杆轴向移动的控制活塞。此外，阀门外壳在其外圆周上具有多个轴向彼此相距的连续环形槽，里面各自加工多个通入阀门外壳的空心圆柱体内并作为横孔构成的径向孔。在此方面，阀门件空心圆柱体构成的控制活塞在一个端面上与电枢的推杆以及在另一个端面上与反作用于电枢力的压力弹簧连接，并在其外圆周上具有两个环形的控制段，根据电磁铁的绕流上面或者下面覆盖阀门外壳内至少两个环形槽的径向孔。此外，控制活塞轴向具有作为纵向孔构成的空腔，在压力弹簧侧敞开并在推杆侧通过多个作为径向孔构成的径向窗口与阀门外壳的空心圆柱体连接并用于在阀门外壳内部输送液压油。
其他依据分类构成的电磁液压阀在DE 197 45 411 A1、DE 199 38884 A1、DE 199 56 160 A1、DE 100 56 200 A1、DE 102 39 207 A1和DE 103 00 974 A1中有所介绍。
这种作为空隙活塞构成的控制活塞一般由铁材料制造。因为液压阀内在推杆与控制活塞之间出现明显摩擦，所以后者需要进行例如表面硬化处理的淬火过程。为防止在这种淬火过程中会对阀门的作用产生不利影响的控制活塞的尺寸变形，仅对紧贴在推杆上的活塞端面进行淬火。这一点这样进行，使控制活塞的其余部分由还需附加进行冷却的铜套接收。淬火后对整个控制活塞进行冲洗并随后附加对靠近推杆的端面进行磨削过程。显而易见的是，这样制造控制活塞非常复杂并因此成本很高。
发明内容
从所公开的现有技术这些缺点出发，本发明的目的在于为电磁液压阀提供一种空心圆柱体的控制活塞，该活塞特别易于加工并具有良好的耐磨特性。
该目的依据本发明由一种电磁液压阀得以实现，其用于控制相对于内燃机的曲轴调整凸轮轴旋转角的装置，由电磁铁和阀门件组成，电磁铁具有空心圆柱体磁性外壳、至少一个线圈绕组和可轴向移动的电枢以及第一、第二极靴，阀门件具有空心圆柱体的阀门外壳，阀门外壳内容纳可由电磁铁的电枢通过推杆轴向移动的控制活塞，其中，在阀门外壳内构成压力油连接，该压力油连接取决于控制活塞的位置而相互连接或断开，以及控制活塞的复位通过与电枢的力反作用的压力弹簧进行。控制活塞处于推杆方向的末端上设置由底部和空心圆柱体的侧壁组成的套筒，其硬度高于控制活塞。
这种由两个部件组成结构的控制活塞的优点在于，本身的活塞在其加工上得到明显简化并因此降低成本。特别是取消了为提高靠近推杆部件的硬度其复杂的热处理。同样取消了活塞靠近推杆该端面的磨削加工。所属套筒可以与各自的控制活塞相配合的极其不同的形状和尺寸以简单方式作为批量产品制造。所要求的硬度可以连续方法同样毫无问题地调整。随后仅需将控制活塞与套筒相互连接，其中，可以设想专业人员熟悉的所有连接类型，例如压配合、模压、咬边或者也可以采用粘接。
也可以设想取消控制套筒在控制活塞上的定位，因为后者通过压力弹簧压向推杆。由此确保控制套筒不会与控制活塞松开。
根据本发明的进一步发展，套筒由铁材料制造，作为无切削件构成并为提高硬度进行热处理。如已经详细介绍的那样，这样一种部件可以极其不同的形状变化和尺寸以低成本的方式加工。
依据本发明的另一方面，套筒的底部内设置对着推杆方向的中心凸起部。这一点特别是在下述情况下具有优点，即控制活塞靠近推杆的端面在其中心具有凸起部，该凸起部通过控制活塞的转动而在两个尖端之间产生。这种设置在控制活塞中心部分内的凸起部然后由套筒的中心凸起部容纳，从而实现控制活塞与套筒完好和配合精确的结合。
依据本发明的另一方面，套筒的空心圆柱体侧壁在远离底部的末端上具有弯边，其壁厚小于该侧壁。通过这种降低的壁厚可以形成一种特别简单的咬边。
在依据本发明的进一步构成中，控制活塞可以由塑料或者轻金属制成。两种材料由于其与钢相比更小的密度，起到明显降低控制活塞总重量的作用。这样控制活塞例如可以作为铸铝件或者作为通过压力注塑的塑料件制造。按照这种方式，取消控制活塞复杂的切削再加工。只要活塞的轴向负荷允许，该活塞就可以如已经详细介绍的那样由塑料构成。塑料在其摩擦学特性方面证明是相当有利的，特别是在内燃机重新点火后且液压油尚不足够的情况下。具有优点地，在这种相互关系上证明适用聚酰胺类型的塑料，它可以含有如纤维或者颗粒这样的加固填料。在这种相互关系上重要的是，所使用的塑料在液压阀的温度范围内耐用以及对其上面存在的介质具有足够的耐抗性。聚酰胺因此特别适用，因为其在受热下的良好耐变形性、对燃料和润滑材料的耐抗性以及出色的机械特性提供了广泛应用的可能性。
最后根据本发明的另一方面，塑料活塞与套筒通过压力注塑连接。对此将由铁材料组成的、最好采用热处理方法淬火的套筒装入注塑模具内，从而以简单的方式在控制活塞与套筒之间产生形状接合的连接。
附图说明
下面借助实施例对本发明进行详细说明。其中：
图1示出按照以往现有技术电磁液压阀的纵剖面；
图2示出依据本发明液压阀的阀门件的纵剖面；以及
图3示出与控制活塞连接的套筒的放大图。
具体实施方式
图1示出从现有技术中公开的电磁液压阀1，它作为比例阀构成，用于控制相对于内燃机的曲轴调整凸轮轴旋转角的装置。该液压阀基本上由电磁铁2和固定在其上的阀门件3组成。电磁铁2在此方面具有空心圆柱体的磁性外壳4，里面设置线圈绕组5和可轴向移动的电枢6。线圈绕组5由第一极靴7以及第二极靴8轴向限制。阀门件3与此相对通过空心圆柱体的阀门外壳9构成，在其空心圆柱体10内容纳可从电磁铁2的电枢6通过推杆11轴向移动的控制活塞12，且该活塞在外圆周上具有多个同样未详细示出的连续环形槽连同用于液压油流入和流出的通入其空心圆柱体10内的径向孔。控制活塞12的复位在此方面通过与电枢6的力反作用的压力弹簧13进行，该弹簧一端处于控制活塞12端面上的弹簧容纳孔14内且另一端处于固定在阀门外壳9的空心圆柱体10内的支承件15上。该支承件15固定在阀门外壳9内加工的槽16内。
特别是如从图2所示的阀门件3可看到的那样，液压阀1以公知的方式具有采用P标注的压力连接管。通过该连接管，有选择地将液压油输送到工作连接管A、B，例如输送到液压凸轮轴调整装置的活塞端面前面的压力室。液压油从所称的压力室通过工作连接管A、B向回流方向的排放通过油箱连接管T示出。在这里取消对阀门件工作原理的详细说明，因为它不是本发明的组成部分，而且专业人员对此也足够了解。因此，例如工作原理的说明可参阅作为现有技术所称的DE 19853670A1。正如从两个附图可进一步看出的那样，作为空心圆柱体构成的控制活塞12在阀门外壳9内可通过推杆11在轴向上移动。
正如从图2和3可看到的那样，本发明的特征在于，控制活塞12在其对着推杆11方向的末端上具有套筒17，该套筒由底部18和所属的侧壁19组成。该套筒17例如可以压在控制活塞12上并最终起到保证调整各自工作状态的硬度值的作用，该硬度值用于降低推杆11与控制活塞12之间的摩擦。
图3放大示出无控制活塞的套筒17，其作为无切削件制造并在远离底部18的面上具有弯边21，该弯边的横截面厚度小于侧壁19。此外，底部18具有对着推杆11方向的中心凸起部20，推杆处于该凸起部上面。在套筒17的内部形成通过中心凸起部20产生的自由空间22。该自由空间22起到在控制活塞12的中间部位内容纳其中存在的凸起部的作用。套筒进行表面硬化处理和退火并具有710+100HV1的硬度。
附图标记
1  液压阀
2  电磁铁
3  阀门件
4  磁性外壳
5  线圈绕组
6  电枢
7  第一极靴
8  第二极靴
9  阀门外壳
10 空心圆柱体
11 推杆
12 控制活塞
13 压力弹簧
14 弹簧容纳孔
15 支承件
16 槽
17 套筒
18 底部
19 侧壁
20 中心凸起部
21 弯边
22 自由空间
A  工作连接管
B  工作连接管
P  压力连接管
T  油箱连接

Claims (7)

1.电磁液压阀(1)，用于控制相对于内燃机的曲轴调整凸轮轴旋转角的装置，由电磁铁(2)和阀门件(3)组成，所述电磁铁具有空心圆柱体磁性外壳(4)、至少一个线圈绕组(5)和可轴向移动的电枢(6)以及第一、第二极靴(7、8)，所述阀门件(3)具有空心圆柱体的阀门外壳(9)，阀门外壳内容纳可由电磁铁(2)的电枢(6)通过推杆(11)轴向移动的控制活塞(12)，其中，在阀门外壳(9)内构成压力油连接，该压力油连接取决于控制活塞(12)的位置而相互连接或断开，以及控制活塞(12)的复位通过与电枢(6)的力反作用的压力弹簧(13)进行，其特征在于，在控制活塞(12)处于推杆(11)方向的末端上设置由底部(18)和空心圆柱体侧壁(19)组成的套筒(17)，其硬度高于控制活塞(12)。
2.按权利要求1所述的电磁液压阀(1)，其中，该电磁液压阀是比例阀。
3.按权利要求1所述的电磁液压阀(1)，其中，套筒(17)由铁材料制造，作为无切削件构成并为提高硬度而进行热处理。
4.按权利要求1所述的电磁液压阀(1)，其中，套筒(17)的底部(18)内设置对着推杆(11)方向的中心凸起部(20)。
5.按权利要求1所述的电磁液压阀(1)，其中，套筒(17)的空心圆柱体侧壁(19)在远离底部(18)的末端上具有弯边(21)，其壁厚小于该侧壁。
6.按权利要求1所述的电磁液压阀(1)，其中，控制活塞(12)由塑料或者轻金属制成。
7.按权利要求6所述的电磁液压阀(1)，其中，由塑料制成的控制活塞与套筒(17)通过压力注塑连接。
CNB2005800471422A 2005-01-27 2005-11-25 电磁液压阀 Expired - Fee Related CN100554651C (zh)

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