CN100553481C - 含糖用甜菜果胶和类胡萝卜素的组合物 - Google Patents

含糖用甜菜果胶和类胡萝卜素的组合物 Download PDF

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CN100553481C
CN100553481C CNB02809784XA CN02809784A CN100553481C CN 100553481 C CN100553481 C CN 100553481C CN B02809784X A CNB02809784X A CN B02809784XA CN 02809784 A CN02809784 A CN 02809784A CN 100553481 C CN100553481 C CN 100553481C
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M·I·贝克
K·库恩尼
B·莱尤恩伯格
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Abstract

用作食品、饮料、动物饲料、化妆品或药物的着色剂或添加剂的类胡萝卜素组合物，其含有细分散在糖用甜菜基质中的类胡萝卜素。

Description

含糖用甜菜果胶和类胡萝卜素的组合物
本发明涉及含有细分散型类胡萝卜素的新组合物以及该组合物的制备方法。本发明的新组合物可以用作食品、饮料、动物饲料、化妆品或药物的着色剂或添加剂。
更具体说，本发明涉及含有糖用甜菜果胶和类胡萝卜素的新组合物，本发明还涉及这种组合物的制备方法；它们作为食品、饮料、动物饲料、化妆品或药物的着色剂的用途以及含有这种组合物的食品、饮料、动物饲料、化妆品或药物。
果胶基本上是α，1→4连接的聚半乳糖醛酸，其被甲基所部分酯化，并且可以从诸如柑橘类水果、苹果和糖用甜菜等植物中获得。本文中，术语“糖用甜菜果胶”是指可从糖用甜菜中获得的果胶，其特征并且与柑橘和苹果果胶的区别在于仲羟基被部分乙酰化，并且缺乏胶凝特性。尽管这种果胶也可以从梨和马铃薯中获得，但在商业上容易获得的这种类型的果胶都是从糖用甜菜生产的，例如GENU Beta型果胶BETA，CP Kelco出品(Copenhagen Pectin A/S，DK-4623 Lille Skensved，丹麦)。因此，术语“糖用甜菜果胶”意图指本质上具有获得自糖用甜菜的果胶的特性的所有果胶，并且包括获得自其它来源例如梨和马铃薯的果胶，只要它们本质上具有获得自糖用甜菜的果胶的特性即可。本发明中，糖用甜菜果胶优选是其10wt.％水溶液在50℃下的粘度为20-10000mPa·s的果胶。这种果胶的平均分子量据假设是在5-150k道尔顿的范围，但鉴于分子量测定方法中公知存在的问题，这个数字不被看作是十分重要的。
本文中，术语“类胡萝卜素”包括胡萝卜素或结构上相关的多烯化合物，这些化合物可以用作食品、饮料、动物饲料、化妆品或药物的着色剂。这种类胡萝卜素的实例是α-或β-胡萝卜素；8′-阿朴-β-胡萝卜醛；8′-阿朴-β-胡萝卜酸(carotenoic acid)酯，如乙酯；角黄素；虾青素；番茄红素；叶黄素；玉米黄质或藏红花酸或其混合物。优选的类胡萝卜素是β-胡萝卜素。
在本发明的组合物中，糖用甜菜果胶的量为约0.5至约60.0wt.％是适宜的，并且类胡萝卜素的量为约0.1至约20.0wt.％是适宜的。
适宜地，本发明的新组合物中还含有辅料和/或赋形剂，如单糖、双糖、低聚糖或多糖、甘油三酯、水溶性抗氧化剂、脂溶性抗氧化剂、硅酸和水中的一种或多种。
可以在本发明组合物中存在的单糖和双糖的实例是蔗糖、转化糖、葡萄糖、果糖、乳糖和麦芽糖。可以在本发明的组合物中存在的低聚糖或多糖的实例是淀粉和淀粉水解物，如糊精和麦芽糖糊精，特别是5-65葡萄糖值(此后：DE)的糊精和麦芽糖糊精，以及葡萄糖糖浆，特别是20-95 DE的葡萄糖糖浆。术语“葡萄糖值”(DE)是指水解的程度并且是以D-葡萄糖的干重为基础计算的还原糖的量的量度。天然淀粉的DE接近于0，而葡萄糖的DE＝100。
适宜地，甘油三酯是植物油或脂肪，如玉米油、向日葵油、大豆油、红花油、菜籽油、花生油、棕榈油、棕榈仁油、棉籽油或椰子油。
水溶性抗氧化剂可以是抗坏血酸及其盐，例如，抗坏血酸钠等等。脂溶性抗氧化剂可以是生育酚，例如，dl-α-生育酚(即，合成生育酚)、d-α-生育酚(即，天然生育酚)、β-和γ-生育酚及其混合物；脂肪酸的抗坏血酸酯，如棕榈酸抗坏血酸酯或硬脂酸抗坏血酸酯；丁基羟基甲苯；丁基羟基苯甲醚；没食子酸丙酯或叔丁基羟基喹啉。
本发明的组合物可以是含水乳液(即水包油分散液)或粉末。
一方面，本发明涉及固体组合物，即稳定的、水溶性或水可分散性粉末。另一方面，本发明涉及液体组合物，即，所述粉末的含水胶体溶液或水包油分散液。
一般来说，本发明的粉末组合物含有
约1至约60wt.％、优选约5至约30wt.％的糖用甜菜果胶；
约0.2至约20wt.％、优选约0.5至约10wt.％的类胡萝卜素；
0至约70wt.％、优选约0至约40wt.％的单糖或双糖；
0至约50wt.％、优选约0至约35wt.％的淀粉；
0至约70wt.％、优选约0至约40wt.％的淀粉水解物；
约0.5至约50wt.％、优选约1.5至约30wt.％的甘油三酯；
0至约5％、优选约0.5至约2wt.％的水溶性抗氧化剂；
0至约5％、优选约0.01至约2wt.％的脂溶性抗氧化剂；
0至约2wt.％、优选约1wt.％的硅酸；和
0至约10wt.％、优选约1至约5wt.％的水；所有成分的百分数总计100。
根据本发明，新的类胡萝卜素组合物可以通过按照本领域已知的制备水溶性或水可分散性类胡萝卜素组合物的方式对各种成分进行加工来制备。因此，组合物可以通过以下方法来制备，所说的方法包括将果胶以及任选存在的水溶性赋形剂和辅料的水溶液或含水胶体溶液、类胡萝卜素和任选存在的脂溶性辅料在甘油三酯中的溶液或分散液均质，并且如果需要的话，将所获得的分散液转化成粉末。
一般来说，将糖用甜菜果胶以及任选存在的水溶性赋形剂和辅料溶解于水中。将类胡萝卜素以及任选存在的脂溶性赋形剂和辅料溶解或悬浮于甘油三酯中。然后，将类胡萝卜素溶液(或分散液)在搅拌下添加到果胶水溶液中并且使用常规技术将混合物均质，例如，通过高压均质、通过EP1008380-A中所述的混合设备、高剪切乳化(转子-定子系统)、微粉化或湿法研磨。
可以使用常规技术，如喷雾干燥、喷雾干燥联合流化床粒化(后一种技术通常称为流化型喷雾干燥或FSD)，或者通过捕粉技术(其中将喷雾的乳液滴捕集至吸收剂如淀粉的床中并且随后干燥)，将所获得的水包油分散液转化成固体组合物。
本发明的新组合物可以用作食品、饮料、动物饲料、化妆品或药物的着色剂或维生素A补剂。本发明中，优选提供含有β-胡萝卜素作为着色剂的组合物。这些组合物，当用水溶解、分散或稀释至最终的β-胡萝卜素浓度为10ppm时，其一般可用紫外线/可见光谱学来表征，使用去离子水作为参照。在样品厚度为1cm时，分散液在400-600nm的最大光密度波长下显出至少0.3(优选大于1.0)吸光度单位的消光度。这相当于β-胡萝卜素的含水分散液的形式消光系数E(1％，1cm)为300(优选＞1000)。
以下实施例将进一步举例说明本发明。
实施例1
制备80g甜菜果胶(GENU Beta型果胶，Copenhagen Pectin A/S；该果胶的10％水溶液在50℃下的粘度为大约4000mPa·s)、160g蔗糖和80g麦芽糖糊精(DE 20-23)的干预混物。将此干预混物溶解在1200ml 60℃的去离子水中，并且添加另一份335g麦芽糖糊精(DE 20-23)。待完全溶解后，将8.0g固体抗坏血酸钠添加到混合物中(＝溶液 A)。
将136g甘油三酯(Durkex 500，部分氢化的大豆油，Loders CroklaanB.V.；1520 AA Wormerveer，荷兰)和0.9g dl-α-生育酚混合，并且加热至140℃。随后，将11g β-胡萝卜素悬浮于甘油三酯和生育酚的混合物中。在140℃下搅拌约10分钟，获得β-胡萝卜素的澄清溶液(＝溶液B)。
将溶液A加热至70℃，并且通过向溶液A中添加135g溶液B并轻微搅拌来制备粗制乳液。通过将此预制乳液在50/300巴压力下经过五次高压均质处理(APV Lab均质机，Gaulin Lab 40-10 RBFI型，APV瑞士AG，CH-3076 Worb)，获得细乳液。通过添加等体积的60℃去离子水，将乳液稀释，然后在实验室型喷雾干燥器中(Mobile Minor，GEA Niro A/S，DK-2860 
Figure C0280978400071
)喷雾干燥，其中入口温度为200℃-210℃并且出口温度为70-75℃。将该喷雾干燥的粉末在真空箱中于室温下干燥过夜。
获得含水量为2.2％的细粉。按分光光度法和HPLC-分析法测定，该粉末的β-胡萝卜素含量为1.1％。将该粉末分散在去离子水中并且在1cm石英精密比色皿中，以水为对照，测定该分散液的消光度。对10ppm的β-胡萝卜素分散液来说，经计算在464nm波长下的消光度为2.109(E(1％，1cm)＝2109)。
实施例2
制备160g甜菜果胶(Copenhagen Pectin A/S；该果胶的10％水溶液在50℃下的粘度为大约500mPa·s)、160g蔗糖和335g麦芽糖糊精(DE 20-23)的干预混物。将此干预混物溶解在1400ml 60℃的去离子水中。待完全溶解后，将8.0g固体抗坏血酸钠添加到混合物中(＝溶液A)。
将136g甘油三酯(Durkex 500)和0.9g dl-α-生育酚混合，并且加热至140℃。随后，将11g β-胡萝卜素悬浮于甘油三酯和生育酚的混合物中。在140℃下搅拌约10分钟，获得β-胡萝卜素的澄清溶液(＝溶液B)。
将溶液A加热至70℃，并且通过向溶液A中添加135g溶液B并轻微搅拌来制备粗制乳液。通过将此预制乳液在50/300巴压力下经过三次高压均质处理(APV Lab均质机，Gaulin Lab 40-10 RBFI型)，获得细乳液。通过添加等体积的60℃去离子水，将乳液稀释，然后在实验室型喷雾干燥器中(Mobile Minor，GEA Niro A/S)喷雾干燥，其中入口温度为200℃-210℃并且出口温度为70-75℃。将该喷雾干燥的粉末在真空箱中于室温下干燥过夜。
获得含水量为2.5％的细粉。按分光光度法和HPLC-分析法测定，该粉末的β-胡萝卜素含量为1.2％。将该粉末分散在去离子水中并且在1cm石英精密比色皿中，以水为对照，测定该分散液的消光度。对10ppm的β-胡萝卜素分散液来说，经计算在463nm波长下的消光度为2.051(E(1％，1cm)＝2051)。
实施例3
制备28.6g甜菜果胶(GENU Beta型果胶，Copenhagen Pectin A/S；该果胶的10％水溶液在50℃下的粘度为大约4000mPa·s)和121.4g蔗糖的干预混物。将此干预混物溶解在180ml 50℃的去离子水中，同时搅拌30分钟(＝溶液A)。
将β-胡萝卜素在玉米油中的通过dl-α-生育酚稳定的30％悬浮液(β-胡萝卜素30％FS，Roche Vitamins)在搅拌条件下于160℃下加热约30分钟(＝溶液B)。
通过向溶液A中添加溶液B制备乳液。在50℃下剧烈搅拌30分钟，获得细乳液。通过添加200ml去离子水，将乳液稀释。
取300g稀释的乳液，并且再用50ml水稀释。将最终的乳液喷入经过冷却的玉米淀粉的流化床中。通过过筛去除多余的玉米淀粉，并且获得粗糙粉末。将该粉末在室温下的空气流中干燥约2小时。
获得含水量为6.4％的粉末。通过分光光度分析测定，该粉末的β-胡萝卜素含量为2.5％。粉末的淀粉含量为54％。将该粉末分散在去离子水中并且在1cm石英精密比色皿中，以水为对照，测定该分散液的消光度。对10ppm的β-胡萝卜素分散液来说，经计算在530nm下的消光度为0.401(E(1％，1cm)＝401)。
实施例4
按照以下组成制备速溶饮料粉末：
  成分   #1[g]   #2[g]
  蔗糖，细晶体   920.0   920.0
  抗坏血酸，细粉   2.0   2.0
  柠檬酸，无水粉末   55.0   55.0
  橙香精，<sup>1</sup>   7.0   7.0
  无水柠檬酸三钠   6.0   6.0
  磷酸三钙   5.0   5.0
  实施例1的粉末   5.0   -
  实施例2的粉末   -   5.0
1例如，橙香精76905-71，Givaudan Duebendorf Ltd
制备方法：
将所有成分过0.7mm筛。
将筛过的成分在涡轮式混合器中共混20分钟。
实施例5
按照以下组成制备布丁粉末：
  成分   #1[g]   #2[g]
  蔗糖，细晶体   840.0   840.0
  玉米淀粉，冷溶胀的   129.0   129.0
  稳定剂<sup>1</sup>   23.0   23.0
  香草香精<sup>2</sup>   4.0   4.0
  实施例1的粉末   4.0   -
  实施例2的粉末   -   4.0
1例如，Flanogen ADG 56，SKW Biosystems
2例如，香草香精75016-32，Givaudan Dubendorf Ltd
制备方法：
将所有成分过0.7mm筛。
将筛过的成分在涡轮式混合器中共混20分钟。

Claims (6)

1、一种组合物，其是粉末，含有
1至60wt.％的果胶；
0.2至20wt.％的类胡萝卜素；
0至70wt.％的单糖或双糖；
0至50wt.％的淀粉；
0至70wt.％的淀粉或淀粉水解物；
0.5至50wt.％的甘油三酯；
0至5％的水溶性抗氧化剂；
0至5％的脂溶性抗氧化剂；
0至2wt.％的硅酸；和
0至10wt.％的水。
2、一种组合物，其是水包油分散液，含有
0.5至30wt.％的果胶，
0.1至10wt.％的类胡萝卜素，
0至35wt.％的单糖或双糖，
0至35wt.％的淀粉或淀粉水解物，
0.25至25wt.％的甘油三酯，
0至2.5％的水溶性抗氧化剂，
0至2.5％的脂溶性抗氧化剂，和
5至95wt.％的水。
3、权利要求1或2的组合物，当将其用水溶解、分散或稀释至最终的β-胡萝卜素浓度为10ppm时，其在最大消光度下的消光系数E(1％，1cm)≥300。
4、权利要求1-3任一项的组合物的制备方法，包括将类胡萝卜素和任选存在的脂溶性辅料在甘油三酯中的溶液或分散液均质在果胶以及任选存在的水溶性赋形剂和辅料的水溶液或含水胶体溶液中，并且还包括或不包括将所获得的分散液转化成粉末的步骤。
5、权利要求1-3任一项的组合物作为食品、饮料、动物饲料、化妆品或药物的着色剂的用途。
6、含有权利要求1-3任一项的组合物的食品、饮料、动物饲料、化妆品或药物。
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