CN100538321C - Microfluidic chip device for measuring surface tension of liquid - Google Patents
Microfluidic chip device for measuring surface tension of liquid Download PDFInfo
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- CN100538321C CN100538321C CNB2006101715115A CN200610171511A CN100538321C CN 100538321 C CN100538321 C CN 100538321C CN B2006101715115 A CNB2006101715115 A CN B2006101715115A CN 200610171511 A CN200610171511 A CN 200610171511A CN 100538321 C CN100538321 C CN 100538321C
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Abstract
The invention relates to a microfluidic chip device for measuring the surface tension of a liquid, which comprises: the upper surface of the substrate is provided with a vertical first groove and a vertical second groove which are arranged in parallel, and a transverse third groove which is communicated with one end of the vertical first groove and one end of the vertical second groove and is vertical to the vertical first groove and the vertical second groove; the first vertical groove and the second vertical groove have different sizes; the other ends of the first and second vertical grooves extend out of the edge of the substrate; a cover plate closely attached to the upper surface of the substrate; and a transparent material marking plate which is stuck on the outer surface of the cover plate and is marked with standard international length unit scales; when the sample is measured, only liquid is introduced from the tail end of the groove, and the liquid automatically enters the chip under the driving of the capillary force and reaches an equilibrium state. And measuring the height difference of the liquid level and combining the density of the liquid to obtain the surface tension of the liquid. The method has simplified measurement, can realize rapid real-time field detection, and has wide application prospect in basic research and industrial production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to micro flow control chip device, particularly a kind of micro flow control chip device that is used for liquid surface tension detection.
Background technology
Early 1990s, the analytical chemistry worker has proposed the thought of micro-total analysis system (μ TAS).Micro-total analysis system be the common function with whole Experiment of Analytical Chemistry chamber be integrated into centimetre in addition the platform of mm-scale on, make it microminiaturization, robotization, Highgrade integration and portability.This " chip lab " comprised needed function in the analyzing and testing commonly used, comprises sample introduction, pre-service, separation, detection etc., can greatly reduce reagent consumption, shortens analysis time and can reduce the consumption of sample.Be fit to very much special experimental works such as sampling, online detection, process control on the spot.At present micro-total analysis system has produced significant impact in analytical instrument and analysis science field, becomes present research focus, and guiding analytical chemistry and Measurement for Biochemistry are towards the trend development of microminiaturized, integrated and portability.In the micro-total analysis system field, micro-fluidic chip is topmost research direction.Utilize micro fabrication on glass or high polymer material, to produce functional units such as micro groove, little valve, microreactor, little detecting device, thus constitute one can independent operating miniature detection system.The micro-fluidic chip most important function is to carry out controlled operation to liquid in chip, comprises operations such as sample introduction, conveying, location, mixing, separation and reaction, thereby is widely used in fields such as chemistry, biology.
Surface tension is that the top layer molecule of liquid is subjected to the acting force of liquid internal molecule and liquid external molecular action force unbalance and a kind of effect of producing, and it is one of physicochemical property of liquid.By measuring the surface tension of solution, can study the dynamic processes such as molecular adsorption of solution surface.At industrial circles such as weaving, papermaking, mining, process such as that the surface tension of liquid is being controlled is wetting, foaming, dissolving must be studied and monitor and control product quality.Have several different methods can measure the surface tension of liquid at present, method commonly used has: measure the method for power, as ring method and flat band method, need accurate annulus or the dull and stereotyped acting force that is subjected to measured when contacting with liquid level; Measure the method for pressure,, need to measure the pressure of bubble inside in forming process as maximum bubble method; Measure the method for shape,, need measure accurately and the complex mathematical processing the appearance profile of drop as rotating liquid drop method and sessile drop method; Drop-weight method, the weight of the drop that mensuration liquid fell from kapillary in a period of time is calculated the surface tension of liquid, needs the accurate quality of measuring drop; Capillary rise method is measured the surface tension that the lifting height of liquid in kapillary calculated liquid.These method ubiquity sample consumptions are big, and minute is long, needs exact instrument or optics and imaging device, can not carry out deficiencies such as high throughput assay.
Usually use kapillary that the surface tension of liquid is measured at present; When using kapillary to measure, two capillaries that need thickness is different vertically insert in the liquid to be measured simultaneously, liquid can rise to certain altitude in kapillary under capillary effect, the difference in height of liquid level in two capillaries when measuring balance, and just can obtain the surface tension of liquid in conjunction with fluid density.Therefore this method needs a large amount of samples, generally needs several milliliters to tens milliliters sample; Measuring a sample needs the time of a few minutes, can not satisfy high-throughout needs.
Still do not have at present to supply the capillary micro flow control chip device of tracer liquid.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: a kind of micro flow control chip device that is used for liquid surface tension detection is provided, promptly adopts the double capillary rise method, replace traditional kapillary that the surface tension of liquid is measured by using micro-fluidic chip;
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The micro flow control chip device that is used for liquid surface tension detection provided by the invention comprises:
One substrate; Many parallel placements and the measure-alike parallel placement with many of vertical first groove and measure-alike vertical second groove are set on the upper surface of described substrate, and are connected with an end of described vertical first groove and vertical second groove and perpendicular to horizontal the 3rd groove of described vertical first groove and vertical second groove; Described horizontal the 3rd groove is connected size partly with vertical first groove with described vertical first groove, described horizontal the 3rd groove is connected size partly with vertical second groove with described vertical second groove; Described vertical first groove is different with the size of vertical second groove; The other end of described vertical first groove and vertical second groove extends an edge of described substrate respectively;
One cover plate; Described cover plate fits tightly on the upper surface that is provided with groove of described substrate; With
One is pasted on the dial plate of the transparent material on the described cover plate outside surface; The international length scale of the standard that is carved with on the described dial plate;
The area of section of described vertical first groove is 0.3-0.6mm
2
The area of section of described vertical second groove is 0.04-0.08mm
2
Described horizontal the 3rd groove be connected with described vertical first groove part area of section be 0.3-0.6mm
2, described horizontal the 3rd groove be connected with described vertical second groove part area of section be 0.04-0.08mm
2
Described substrate is glass substrate or silicon-based substrates.
Described vertical first groove is square groove or semi-circular groove.
Described vertical second groove is square groove or semi-circular groove.
Described horizontal the 3rd groove is square groove or semi-circular groove.
In the present invention, the photoetching of use standard processes different vertical first groove of internal diameter, vertical second groove and horizontal the 3rd groove with wet etching technique on glass substrate or silicon-based substrates, after using microslide to be assembled into chip as cover plate, testing sample is introduced groove, liquid is subjected to gravity and capillary effect and moves in groove, finally reaches the state of balance.Measure the liquid level difference in the thickness groove and just can obtain the surface tension numerical value of liquid in conjunction with the fluid density data.Using in the mensuration process of chip also is to carry out under the vertical state of retaining groove, and difference is not to be that chip is inserted liquid to be measured, and measures but insert the liquid in the chip, so the sample size that needs is considerably less, is generally tens microlitres.Simultaneously, utilize the chip manufacture technology can on a chip, process the identical groove of a lot of bar sizes, once measure and just can obtain the parallel data of many groups, thereby improve speed and the accuracy of measuring greatly.
The present invention utilizes traditional micro-fluidic chip process technology, uses glass material (or silicon chip) to produce micro-fluidic chip simple in structure, uses it for the surface tension of measuring liquid.The method of using is the double capillary rise method, its principle is identical with the test of using kapillary to carry out, all need to construct two kinds of different pipelines of internal diameter, thereby make liquid enter that the difference owing to internal diameter produces difference in height behind two kinds of pipelines, the surface tension of this difference in height and liquid is linear relation, based on this principle and just can obtain the surface tension numerical value of liquid in conjunction with density of liquid.Use to print graduated mylar among the present invention as the scale of measuring difference in height, simplified the step of elevation measurement greatly, thus the accurate adjustment that need carry out when having avoided using instrument such as reading microscope.Because the volume of chip is very little, can carry out water-proofing treatment to it easily, therefore can use the water-bath temperature control, easily sample is carried out the mensuration of different temperatures lower surface tension force.
The sample that device among the present invention is fit to measure comprises aqueous solution and most of organic solution, especially is fit to low viscous liquid.Also can obtain when measuring high volatile volatile liquid, because the volatilization process of liquid in groove significantly slows down than accurate data.It is also safer to measure toxic liquid, because amount of samples is few.
Specifically manufacturing of the micro flow control chip device that is used for liquid surface tension detection among the present invention is as follows:
1. chip design
Poor in order to produce liquid level, need on chip, construct the groove of different inner diameters, designed the groove of two kinds of sizes in the present invention, these two kinds of repeated arrangement that groove part is parallel to each other on the chip plane.Do not hold a vertical groove that they are coupled together at an end of these grooves, the other end of these grooves communicates with atmosphere and uses as injection port.
2. the making of chip
1) making of mask
With Adobe Illustrator CS vector plotting software design photo etched mask, groove is two kinds of thicknesses and is arranged in parallel, and links to each other by a perpendicular grooves that is positioned at notch end.With laser photocomposing machine output mask film.Make to use the same method, make mask, as graduated scale with exact scale striped.
2) photoetching
In the darkroom, cover mask on the sol evenning chromium plate and compress, place exposure under the uviol lamp, through developing and cleaning, the figure on the mask just is transferred on the optical cement layer of glue chromium plate.Chromium plate is put into baking oven reinforce photoresist.
3) wet etching
Chromium plate after will exposing under the room temperature is put into the chromium etching liquid, and corrosion does not have the chromium layer of optical cement layer protection, after high purity water is rinsed well, and oven dry.Use glass etching liquid etched recesses under the room temperature.After thin groove reaches desired size, with adhesive tape thin groove is protected, substrate is transferred in the etching liquid of high concentration and continued etching, adhere to specification up to thick groove.After etching is finished, remove remaining optical cement layer and chromium layer successively, and rinse well with high purity water and to obtain glass substrate.
4) chip assembling
Directly use microslide to need not special processing or processing as cover plate.Substrate and cover plate are cleaned the back drying, and fitting together then forms complete groove structure, and with clip the two is fixed.The mask that will be printed on graduated scale is attached on the chip, keeps scale mark vertical with groove.
3. measuring principle
After kapillary inserted liquid, the liquid in the kapillary can be under capillary effect and rise, and after liquid level rose to certain height, the surface tension in the gravity of fluid column and the kapillary on the liquid level balanced each other, and liquid level stops to rise immediately.According to Young's equation, this moment, the relation of each physical quantity was as follows:
πR
2hρg=2πRγcosθ
Wherein γ is the surface tension of liquid, and R is a capillary radius, and h is the height that liquid rises in kapillary, and ρ is a density of liquid, and g is an acceleration of gravity.The contact angle of water and most organic liquid and glass is 0 degree, so have:
In the process that the use single capillary is measured, the position of liquid level is difficult to measure accurately, uses the double capillary method to address this problem well.Two different kapillaries of internal diameter are inserted in the testing liquid, and the height that liquid rises in two kapillaries is different, can obtain:
R wherein
1, R
2, h
1, h
2The height of liquid level in the radius of corresponding two capillaries of difference and the kapillary, Δ is the difference in height of liquid level in two capillaries.This difference in height can be measured more convenient and accurately.By using the known sample of surface tension to proofread and correct, can avoid mensuration to capillary inner diameter as standard.The formula that obtains is:
Δ h wherein
0, ρ
0, γ
0Be respectively the normal fluid difference in height in kapillary, density and surface tension.Therefore according to the difference in height of liquid level inside and outside the kapillary and in conjunction with the density of testing liquid, just can extrapolate the surface tension of liquid.When using chip to replace kapillary to measure, principle is identical, and computing formula also has identical form.
4. workflow
According to the character of testing sample, select suitable standard model to measure earlier, the character of the two is approaching more good more.Insert the liquid in the chip, liquid flows in groove and finally reaches balance, and the liquid level that can measure in the thickness groove is poor.Introduce testing liquid again after cleaning chip, it is poor to measure liquid level once more, through calculating the surface tension that just can obtain testing sample.Density of liquid can be measured by using picnometer.
The micro flow control chip device that is used for liquid surface tension detection provided by the invention has following advantage:
1. the testing sample consumption is few, is generally 10-30 μ L.
2. working sample speed is fast, and is general consuming time less than 1 minute, and can obtain many group panel datas.
3. be fit to measure high volatile volatile and highly toxic sample.
4. process technology is simple, is easy to produce in batches.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the substrate of the micro flow control chip device that is used for liquid surface tension detection of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that is used for the micro flow control chip device of liquid surface tension detection of the present invention;
Wherein: substrate 1 cover plate 2 dial plates 3
Horizontal the 3rd groove 13
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
1) mask design of substrate 1:
The structure of mask film upper groove and size design are as shown in Figure 1.Article 3, wide vertical first groove 11 and 5 narrow vertical second grooves 12 are arranged in parallel, width is respectively 0.6mm and 0.15mm, these two groups of grooves are connected with described vertical first groove 11 horizontal three groove 13 vertical with vertical second groove 12 endways by one, and described horizontal the 3rd groove 13 width are 0.15mm.The quantity of described vertical first groove 11 and vertical second groove 12 can suitably increase and decrease and controls amount of samples.
2) making of substrate 1:
The mask film is placed on the sol evenning chromium plate of 63mm * 31.5mm * 1.5mm and compress, use the uviol lamp exposure 200 seconds of wavelength 365nm, in 0.5% NaOH developer solution, developed 40 seconds then.After washed with de-ionized water, heat half an hour down at 100 ℃.At room temperature use chromium etching liquid (Cericammoniumsulfate: perchloric acid: water=50 grams: 15 milliliters: 300 milliliters) remove the chromium layer, rinse well and dry with high purity water then.With 0.5M HF/0.5M NH
4The exposed glass of F glass etching agent corrosion, etching is after a period of time, and groove cross section semicircular in shape is measured groove diameter under stereomicroscope.After thin groove diameter reaches 0.43mm, with adhesive tape thin groove is protected, substrate 1 is put into mordant continue etching, stop etching during for 1.28mm up to thick groove diameter.Use acetone, chromium etching liquid to remove residual light glue-line and chromium layer successively, obtain having the glass substrate of groove structure of the present invention, its structure and size are as shown in Figure 1.
3) assembling of device of the present invention:
The microslide that uses 75 * 25 * 1mm is as cover plate 2, and substrate 1 and cover plate 2 successively after ethanol and deionized water for ultrasonic are cleaned 10min, are put into dense H
2SO
4/ H
2O
2(3:1, in mixed solution V:V), heated and boiled half an hour.After cooling, be neutral with its taking-up and with deionized water rinsing to glass sheet surface.Substrate 1 and cover plate 2 are fitted tightly formation groove structure of the present invention, and use clip that the two is fixed together closely.The mask reduction that will be printed on scale mark is the size of 60 * 25mm, and sticks on the cover plate 2, and its scale mark will guarantee with described vertical first groove 11 and vertical second groove 12 perpendicular.
Embodiment 2:
1) mask design of substrate 1:
The structure of mask film upper groove and size design are as shown in Figure 1.Article 3, wide vertical first groove 11 and 5 narrow vertical second grooves 12 are arranged in parallel, width is respectively 0.6mm and 0.15mm, these two groups of grooves are connected with described vertical first groove 11 horizontal three groove 13 vertical with vertical second groove 12 endways by one, and described horizontal the 3rd groove 13 width are 0.15mm.The quantity of described vertical first groove 11 and vertical second groove 12 can suitably increase and decrease and controls amount of samples.
2) making of substrate 1:
The mask film is placed on the sol evenning chromium plate of 63mm * 31.5mm * 1.5mm and compress, use the uviol lamp exposure 200 seconds of wavelength 365nm, in 0.5% NaOH developer solution, developed 40 seconds then.After washed with de-ionized water, heat half an hour down at 100 ℃.At room temperature use chromium etching liquid (Cericammoniumsulfate: perchloric acid: water=50 grams: 15 milliliters: 300 milliliters) remove the chromium layer, rinse well and dry with high purity water then.With 0.5M HF/0.5M NH
4The exposed glass of F glass etching agent corrosion, etching are after a period of time, and thin groove cross section is rectangular, and thick groove cross section semicircular in shape is measured thin recess width under stereomicroscope.After thin recess width reaches 0.35mm, with adhesive tape thin groove is protected, substrate 1 is put into mordant continue etching, stop etching during for 1mm up to thick groove diameter.Use acetone, chromium etching liquid to remove residual light glue-line and chromium layer successively, obtain having the glass substrate of groove structure of the present invention.Measuring the thin groove part degree of depth at microscopically is 0.35mm.
3) assembling of device of the present invention:
The microslide that uses 75 * 25 * 1mm is as cover plate 2, and substrate 1 and cover plate 2 successively after ethanol and deionized water for ultrasonic are cleaned 10min, are put into dense H
2SO
4/ H
2O
2(3:1, in mixed solution V:V), heated and boiled half an hour.After cooling, be neutral with its taking-up and with deionized water rinsing to glass sheet surface.Substrate 1 and cover plate 2 are fitted tightly formation groove structure of the present invention, and use clip that the two is fixed together closely.The mask reduction that will be printed on scale mark is the size of 60 * 25mm, and sticks on the cover plate 2, and its scale mark will guarantee with described vertical first groove 11 and vertical second groove 12 perpendicular.
Embodiment 3:
1) mask design of substrate 1:
The structure of mask film upper groove and size design are as shown in Figure 1.Article 3, wide vertical first groove 11 and 5 narrow vertical second grooves 12 are arranged in parallel, width is respectively 0.6mm and 0.15mm, these two groups of grooves are connected with described vertical first groove 11 horizontal three groove 13 vertical with vertical second groove 12 endways by one, and described horizontal the 3rd groove 13 width are 0.15mm.The quantity of described vertical first groove 11 and vertical second groove 12 can suitably increase and decrease and controls amount of samples.
2) making of substrate 1:
The mask film is placed on the sol evenning chromium plate of 63mm * 31.5mm * 1.5mm and compress, use the uviol lamp exposure 200 seconds of wavelength 365nm, in 0.5% NaOH developer solution, developed 40 seconds then.After washed with de-ionized water, heat half an hour down at 100 ℃.At room temperature use chromium etching liquid (Cericammoniumsulfate: perchloric acid: water=50 grams: 15 milliliters: 300 milliliters) remove the chromium layer, rinse well and dry with high purity water then.With 0.5M HF/0.5M NH
4The exposed glass of F glass etching agent corrosion, etching is after a period of time, and the groove cross section is rectangular, measures recess width under stereomicroscope.After thin recess width reaches 0.3mm, with adhesive tape thin groove is protected, substrate 1 is put into mordant continue etching, stop etching during for 0.8mm up to thick recess width.Use acetone, chromium etching liquid to remove residual light glue-line and chromium layer successively, obtain having the glass substrate of groove structure of the present invention, its structure and size are as shown in Figure 1.Measuring thick depth of groove at microscopically is 0.3mm; The degree of depth of thin groove is 0.12mm.
3) assembling of device of the present invention:
The microslide that uses 75 * 25 * 1mm is as cover plate 2, and substrate 1 and cover plate 2 successively after ethanol and deionized water for ultrasonic are cleaned 10min, are put into dense H
2SO
4/ H
2O
2(3:1, in mixed solution V:V), heated and boiled half an hour.After cooling, be neutral with its taking-up and with deionized water rinsing to glass sheet surface.Substrate 1 and cover plate 2 are fitted tightly formation groove structure of the present invention, and use clip that the two is fixed together closely.The mask reduction that will be printed on scale mark is the size of 60 * 25mm, and sticks on the cover plate 2, and its scale mark will guarantee with described vertical first groove 11 and vertical second groove 12 perpendicular.
Embodiment 4: the step that is used for liquid surface tension detection is as follows:
Before the working sample, the vertical placement of micro flow control chip device that is used for liquid surface tension detection of the present invention.
1) before each working sample, need to use surface tension and the known liquid of density to demarcate, then unknown sample is measured, concrete determination step is identical.At first use liquid-transfering gun to pipette the liquid of 15 μ L, join thick groove (the vertical first groove 11) end identical with atmosphere.Under the driving of capillary force, liquid is introduced in the groove automatically.Chip is vertically fixed on the surface level, and the liquid in the chip groove finally is issued to balance in the acting in conjunction of gravity and capillary force, and this process generally can be finished in 30 seconds.Behind the liquid level stabilizing, can read the difference in height of liquid level by the scale mark on the transparent mask.After using picnometer to obtain density of liquid, can calculate the surface tension of liquid.
2) device among use the present invention can be measured the surface tension of liquid under the different temperatures easily.Use adhesive tape that the part of whole device except that injection port sealed, then chip is vertically fixed in the water bath.Start thermostat, be set at required temperature, treat behind the temperature stabilization of water-bath testing sample to be incorporated in the device.Because the internal diameter of device further groove is very little, the transmission of heat is very fast, soon can be in the liquid of device in the groove formation temperature balance.Can carry out the mensuration of liquid level difference behind the liquid level stabilizing, thereby obtain the surface tension of liquid under this temperature.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of micro flow control chip device that is used for liquid surface tension detection comprises:
One substrate; Many parallel placements and the measure-alike parallel placement with many of vertical first groove and measure-alike vertical second groove are set on the upper surface of described substrate, and are connected with an end of described vertical first groove and vertical second groove and perpendicular to horizontal the 3rd groove of described vertical first groove and vertical second groove; Described horizontal the 3rd groove is connected size partly with vertical first groove with described vertical first groove, described horizontal the 3rd groove is connected size partly with vertical second groove with described vertical second groove; Described vertical first groove is different with the size of vertical second groove; The other end of described vertical first groove and vertical second groove extends an edge of described substrate respectively;
One cover plate; Described cover plate fits tightly on the upper surface that is provided with groove of described substrate; With
One is pasted on the dial plate of the transparent material on the described cover plate outside surface; The international length scale of the standard that is carved with on the described dial plate;
The area of section of described vertical first groove is 0.24-0.6mm
2
The area of section of described vertical second groove is 0.036-0.08mm
2
Described horizontal the 3rd groove be connected with described vertical first groove part area of section be 0.3-0.6mm
2, described horizontal the 3rd groove be connected with described vertical second groove part area of section be 0.04-0.08mm
2
By the described micro flow control chip device that is used for liquid surface tension detection of claim 1, it is characterized in that 2, described substrate is glass substrate or silicon-based substrates.
By the described micro flow control chip device that is used for liquid surface tension detection of claim 1, it is characterized in that 3, described vertical first groove is square groove or semi-circular groove.
By the described micro flow control chip device that is used for liquid surface tension detection of claim 1, it is characterized in that 4, described vertical second groove is square groove or semi-circular groove.
By the described micro flow control chip device that is used for liquid surface tension detection of claim 1, it is characterized in that 5, described horizontal the 3rd groove is square groove or semi-circular groove.
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CNB2006101715115A CN100538321C (en) | 2006-12-30 | 2006-12-30 | Microfluidic chip device for measuring surface tension of liquid |
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CNB2006101715115A CN100538321C (en) | 2006-12-30 | 2006-12-30 | Microfluidic chip device for measuring surface tension of liquid |
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CN1987415A CN1987415A (en) | 2007-06-27 |
CN100538321C true CN100538321C (en) | 2009-09-09 |
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CN101799392B (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2011-11-16 | 奚明 | Portable surface tension tester |
CN104897611A (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2015-09-09 | 黄辉 | Biochemical analyzer based on optofuidic sensor with inner cavity structure |
CN105181981A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2015-12-23 | 厦门大学 | Method for rapid high-sensitivity on-site quantitative detection |
CN105388089A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-03-09 | 长安大学 | Test method for calculating surface energy components of aggregate of asphalt mixture by means of microcalorimetry |
CN108955587B (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2020-07-03 | 赛纳生物科技(北京)有限公司 | Substrate surface detection equipment and method |
CN109813636B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2024-03-22 | 陕西科技大学 | Surface tension coefficient measuring device and measuring method thereof |
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CN1195984C (en) * | 2002-07-12 | 2005-04-06 | 厦门大学 | Surface tension driving liquid flow chiplized high-density micro-array liquid transferring equipment |
JP2006170589A (en) * | 2004-12-14 | 2006-06-29 | Nichirei Kogyo Kk | Gas-liquid separator and refrigerating apparatus equipped therewith |
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US20020174686A1 (en) * | 2001-05-07 | 2002-11-28 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Method for producing microchannels having circular cross-sections in glass |
CN1195984C (en) * | 2002-07-12 | 2005-04-06 | 厦门大学 | Surface tension driving liquid flow chiplized high-density micro-array liquid transferring equipment |
US20040187565A1 (en) * | 2002-11-06 | 2004-09-30 | Sutton Stephen P. | Capillary devices for determination of surface characteristics and contact angles and methods for using same |
EP1464948A1 (en) * | 2003-04-03 | 2004-10-06 | Krüss GmbH Wissenschaftliche Laborgeräte | Bubble pressure tensiometer |
JP2006170589A (en) * | 2004-12-14 | 2006-06-29 | Nichirei Kogyo Kk | Gas-liquid separator and refrigerating apparatus equipped therewith |
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