CN100531966C - Production and apparatus for preparing non-dendritic and semi-solid alloy by low-voltage pulse electric field - Google Patents
Production and apparatus for preparing non-dendritic and semi-solid alloy by low-voltage pulse electric field Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN100531966C CN100531966C CNB2004100876750A CN200410087675A CN100531966C CN 100531966 C CN100531966 C CN 100531966C CN B2004100876750 A CNB2004100876750 A CN B2004100876750A CN 200410087675 A CN200410087675 A CN 200410087675A CN 100531966 C CN100531966 C CN 100531966C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- electric field
- alloy
- semi
- solid
- pulse
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000048 melt cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010063560 Excessive granulation tissue Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001640034 Heteropterys Species 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001126 granulation tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000753 refractory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010118 rheocasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010099 solid forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009718 spray deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003319 supportive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
Abstract
A process for preparing the non-dendritic semi-solid alloy by low-voltage pulse electric field includes such steps as smelting alloy in crucible, holding its temp, connecting the positive and negative outputs of a pulse power supply respectively to both end of molten alloy, applying a pulse electric field to the molten alloy, and solidifying. Its apparatus is composed of pulse electric field generator, pulse electric field applicator, and heating-insulating unit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the semi-solid-state metal processing technique field, the use low-voltage pulse electric field of particularly a kind of semi-solid metal slurry or blank prepares the method and apparatus of non-dendrite semi-solid alloy.
Background technology
From eighties of last century the seventies, U.S. scientist has proposed since the metal semi-solid moulding notion first, and the semi-solid-state metal process technology is subjected to the extensive concern of international material circle, has become one of current most active research field.This method not only can reduce cost, and improves casting quality and yield rate, has advantage efficient, energy-conservation, that be beneficial to environmental protection simultaneously.Some developed countries have begun to be applied to auto manufacturing, communication, electrical equipment, computer and fields such as auxiliary equipment field, Aero-Space thereof at present, and have vast potential for future development.General two classes of dividing of metal and alloy semi-solid state forming technique, one class is that semi-solid-state metal or thixotropic alloy are shaped, promptly allow the metal or alloy semi solid slurry of spherical primary crystal be frozen into blank fully earlier, again the blank of suitable length is carried out the semisolid remelting heating, the semi-solid blank that will be in solid-liquid two-phase region delivers to die casting machine or forging machine forms; Another kind of is the metal or alloy semi solid slurry of ring initial crystal directly to be delivered to die casting machine or forging machine carries out direct forming, i.e. rheological molding.No matter be rheological molding or thixotropic forming, wherein the preparation of semisolid (or claim non-dendritic structure) alloy be the basis of whole process with crucial, its objective is that the primary phase that obtains to be suitable for the semisolid moulding is spherical or granular non-dendritic structure.
The preparation of semi-solid alloy is the research focus in semi-solid processing field, realize Semi-Solid Metals Forming, must at first prepare semi-solid metal slurry or blank that primary phase is a non-dendrite structure, guarantees the supply of semi-solid metal.The researcher has done a large amount of research work in this regard both at home and abroad, has proposed many preparation methods and thought.Wherein mainly comprise:
1. mechanical mixing method.This method is the method that adopts the earliest, is mainly used in the rheological property and the rheocasting of research metal.United States Patent (USP) discloses the mechanical agitation method of several preparation metal semi-solid slurries for the 3902544th, 3948650 and No. 3954455, this method utilizes rotating vane or the stirring rod nascent solid phase dendrite in will solidifying to smash, and obtains the metal semi-solid slurry of spherical or granular primary crystal.There is following shortcoming in mechanical mixing method: the life-span of (1) teeter chamber and stirring rod is not long, and metal is easier to oxidation and pollution, and the metal inside quality is very low; (2) there is the stirring dead angle, influences the slurry uniformity; (3) equipment heaviness, operating difficulties, production efficiency are low, and fraction solid can only be limited in 30%～60% scope.
2. electromagnetic stirring method.In order to overcome many shortcomings of mechanical mixing method, developed electromagnetic stirring method.United States Patent (USP) discloses the electromagnetic agitation method of several preparation metal semi-solid slurries or continuous casting material for the 4229210th, No. 4434837, utilize strong electromagnetic induction power to suppress separating out of primary dendrite, prepare spherical or granular primary crystal semi-solid metal slurry, utilize continuous casting technology to produce the continuous casting material of globular crystal semi-solid-state metal then.Electromagnetic agitating technology is relatively ripe, has obtained application in suitability for industrialized production.But generally all more than 50 ℃, requirement must be carried out strong electromagnetic agitation to the degree of superheat of molten metal among this preparation method, and promptly the shear rate that electromagnetic agitation produced is generally at 500～1500S
-1, under such shear rate, the rotary speed that is stirred molten metal is very high, generally all surpasses 500 rev/mins, at this moment could obtain tiny and semi-solid metal slurry ring initial crystal.If shear rate is less than 500S
-1, the form variation of primary crystal mostly is the rosiness primary crystal, and the dendrite layer on continuous casting material surface is thicker, and the thixotropy of this blank is bad, is unsuitable for semi-solid-state shaping.In order to carry out strong electromagnetic agitation, electromagnetic stirring equipment is huge, invest too high, and electromagnetic agitation power is very big, efficient is very low, the power consumption is very big, therefore the cost of spherical or granular primary crystal semi-solid-state metal continuous casting material is higher, the preparation of inapplicable big specification (Φ〉150mm) blank also can not directly be made part.
3. strain inducing melt activating technology (Strain-induced melt Activation Process) is called for short SIMA (No. the 4415374th, United States Patent (USP)), is except that electromagnetic stirring method, at present the industrial another kind of method that is used to produce semi solid slurry.This technology is that the routine casting arborescent structure is at high temperature carried out crimp, broken arborescent structure, apply enough cold deformation amounts again after, be heated to two-phase section.In heating process, crystallization at first takes place and forms subgrain and sub boundary in alloy, and crystal boundary place low melting point solute element melts mutually with low melting point subsequently, causes subsphaeroidal solid phase to be surrounded by the low melting point liquid phase, forms semi solid slurry.This technology has unique advantages to the non-dendritic structure alloy of preparation higher melt, successfully is applied to series such as stainless steel, tool steel, copper alloy.But this method has increased the predeformation operation one, has improved the blank production cost, and it is only applicable to the small dimension blank simultaneously, also can not the direct forming part.
4. the liquidus curve casting (Liu Dan, Cui Jianzhong, Xia Kenong. the journal .1999 of Northeastern University, 20 (2): 173-176).Under non-stirring condition, only utilize the control pouring temperature, also can prepare the globular crystal semi-solid metal slurry, this method is called as the liquidus curve casting, but the pouring temperature that this method requires molten metal is very near the liquidus temperature of this molten metal, promptly than the high 1-5 of this liquidus temperature ℃, could obtain the globular crystal semi-solid metal slurry, this makes the metal bath temperature controlling become very difficult, the mobile variation of molten metal especially is difficult to realize in low heat conductivity molten metal or large quantitative metal liquid and continuous casting and operation.If improve the pouring temperature of molten metal, the spherical-like morphology of nascent solid phase worsens immediately, spherical rosiness or the dendritic crystalline of changing into when pouring into a mould by liquidus curve, the thixotropy of this semi-solid metal slurry is very poor, distortion during semi-solid-state shaping is inhomogeneous, be prone to the liquid-solid phase segregation, be unfavorable for very much the semi-solid-state shaping of metal.
5. spray deposition (BP GB2172900A number).Is drop by gas ejector with atomization of liquid metal, and under the gas jet effect, the metal particle of partial coagulation deposits on the cooled target with semisolid.The enough shearing forces of impact generation by the semisolid particulate are smashed its inner dendrite, form non-dendritic structure.After heating again, obtain semi-solid metal slurry with spheric granules solid phase.This method has been applied to industrial production at present, and crystallite dimension can be as small as 20 μ m.But this method production cost is higher, only is applicable to some specialities.
6. the semi-solid isothermal facture (Zhu Mingfang, Su Huaqin. the research of semi-solid isothermal Processing of Preparation granulation tissue ZA12 alloy, the casting, 1996 (4): 1-5).Add alterant to alloy liquid in advance, obtain the crystalline tissue of withe after, be heated to two-phase section again and promptly form non-dendritic crystalline slurry for semi-solid formation.This method has been saved predeformation technology than strain-induced fusing activation method, has saved the step of special preparation microstructure of semisolid than dendrite fragmentation method in the metal bath.But the semi-solid isothermal facture also is in laboratory stage, and this method needs to add alterant at the melting ingot casting in advance, and alterant will influence the uniformity of microstructure of semisolid and cause the pollution of molten metal in the even distribution of melt.
7. other method.In addition to the above methods, also have many pulping techniques to be among research or the exploitation.As powder metallurgic method, promptly make ingot blank by PM technique after, obtain semi solid slurry through heating again after making low melting point become fractional melting, this method is specially adapted to refractory alloy (Ti-Co).In addition, also have turbulence effect method, grain refinement method, ultrasonic wave facture, shearing-cooling-rolling (Shearing-Cooling-Rolling), passive paddling process etc.These methods all are in the laboratory research stage at present, do not drop into industrial production as yet.
The impulse electric field treatment technology has advantages such as pollution-free, easy to operate, that effect is remarkable, has been subjected to people's great attention.Existing research has shown that this technology has very wide application prospect.In the past discover the tissue of impulse electric field when can refining normal solidifying, change the primary phase form.At the beginning of the nineties in last century, people such as the M.Nakada of the U.S. and M.C.Flemings at first use high voltage electric pulse research Sn-15%Pb solidification of Al, find that applying electric pulse at the initial period that solidifies can change primary phase form in the solidified structure.This result of study is published in " ISIJ International " 30 volumes 1 phase 27-33 page or leaf (1990), and Yan Hongchun etc. have also reported similar result at " Acta Metallurgica Sinica " 33 volumes the 4th phase 352-358 page or leaf (1997).The research of use extra-high pressure electric pulses such as Li Jianming is published in " Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia " 31 volumes 12 phase 1691-1694 pages or leaves (1994).But the electric pulse that they adopted is high or ultra high voltage, generally from several kilovolts to several ten thousand volts, so high voltage has brought great inconvenience to the operator, security performance is also poor; And in the pulsed discharge experiment, metal or alloy all is to cool off naturally in air or cool off with stove, and the controlled time of process of setting is short, can not give full play to the control action of impulse electric field to solidified structure.The more important thing is that they do not utilize electric pulse to prepare the spherical semi-solid alloy of non-dendrite.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the deficiency that exists at existing preparation semi-solid alloy technology, provide a kind of charging/discharging voltage is low, technology is simple, the scope of application is broad, energy loss is low use low-voltage pulse electric field to prepare the method and apparatus of non-dendrite semi-solid alloy.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The tissue of semi-solid-state metal wishes that primary phase is tiny and uniform spherical or granular non-dendritic structure, and under usual conditions, nearly all commercial Application alloy organizing, all the form with dendrite exists.Principle of the present invention: when alloy graining begins preceding or in process of setting, alloy melt is carried out pulsed discharge, utilize the reciprocation of the effects such as fluctuation effect, fuel factor and stress effect of low-voltage pulse electric field liquid towards metal, suppressing the growth of primary phase dendrite in the nucleation rate that increases crystallization, is the semi-solid alloy of spherical or gritty texture to obtain primary phase.
The inventive method realizes according to the following steps:
The first step in melting furnace, is carried out alloying ingredient, fusing and refining.
Second step: the preheating insulation crucible is heated to crucible certain temperature as required.
The 3rd step: cast.Guarantee that alloy liquid has certain degree of superheat.The degree of superheat scope of alloy melt is 30～60 ℃;
The 4th step: add impulse electric field.When alloy graining begins preceding or in process of setting, alloy melt carried out the discharge of a period of time.
The 5th step: the alloy melt cooling is cooled to semi-solid blank or makes semi solid slurry.
The present invention also can directly be melted alloy in the insulation crucible, first three step has just become a step like this, then directly enters for the 4th step.
Technological parameter of the present invention:
1, the preheat temperature of crucible is determined according to the mode of producing or testing, if produce semi-solid blank, 400～600 ℃ of the general preheatings of crucible; If the production semi-solid metal slurry, crucible is preheated to and is lower than 100～200 ℃ of alloy melting points;
2, discharge parameter comprises discharge voltage, discharge time, pulse frequency, determines different discharge parameters according to different-alloy kind and composition.Alloy must be controlled the cooling velocity of alloy by heating and heat-insulating device during pulsed discharge, guarantee that the interdischarge interval alloy temperature is between liquidus curve and the solidus.The two ends up and down that will be incubated alloy melt in the crucible earlier link with the both positive and negative polarity of pulse power output respectively, before solidifying beginning or in process of setting, the starting impulse power supply, alloy melt is carried out pulsed discharge, apply impulse electric field, pulse discharging voltage is in the 50-400V scope, be 3-25 minute discharge time, pulse frequency is 0.1-10Hz, the average cooling rate of alloy is controlled at 0.5-30 ℃/min in the pulsed discharge process, and alloy temperature is between liquidus curve and the solidus during the pulsed discharge;
A kind of equipment that uses low-voltage pulse electric field to prepare non-dendrite semi-solid alloy, it is made up of impulse electric field generating means, impulse electric field acting device and three parts of heating and heat-insulating device, and the pulse current that the impulse electric field generating means produces is applied on the alloy melt that places heating and heat-insulating device by the impulse electric field acting device;
Described impulse electric field generating means comprises AC power, pressure regulator, step-up transformer, full-bridge rectifier, alternating current is through pressure regulator, pass through step-up transformer again, rectification becomes the dc source that capacitance group is charged to this alternating current through full-bridge rectifier, and capacitance group is the pulsed discharge power supply of alloy melt.
Described impulse electric field generating means has formed charge circuit part and discharge loop part, the charge circuit part is by AC power, automatic coupling voltage regulator, step-up transformer, four full-bridge rectifier, current-limiting resistance, charge switch and capacitance group formations that diode is formed, alternating current is through pressure regulator, pass through step-up transformer again, rectification becomes dc source to this alternating current through full-bridge rectifier, and dc source and current-limiting resistance, charge switch, capacitance group constitute series loop; Discharge loop part by capacitance group, magnetic saturation switch, pulse switch, load and by trigger electric capacity, trigger resistance, the triggering loop of pulse switch that trigger switch is formed constitutes, capacitance group and magnetic saturation switch, load, pulse switch constitute series loop, and alloy melt is represented in load.
Described impulse electric field acting device comprises alloy melt, places insulation crucible, top electrode, the bottom electrode of alloy melt, two electrodes link from top and bottom and alloy melt respectively, and alloy melt links by upper and lower electrode and impulse electric field generating means.
Described heating and heat-insulating device is made of heating furnace, heating element heater and thermocouple, and thermocouple inserts in the alloy melt, and heating element heater is distributed in the heating furnace sidewall.
The capacitance group of described impulse electric field generating means is made of two above electric capacity parallel connections, and electric capacity is electrochemical capacitor.
The pulse switch of described impulse electric field generating means is the RSD switch.
Described impulse electric field generating means also is provided with control section, and control section is linked to each other with the programmable functions module respectively by charge switch, trigger switch and constitutes.
Semi-solid alloy preparation method of the present invention has following advantage:
1. the impulse electric field generating means adopts low pressure to discharge and recharge technology, and charging voltage is adjustable continuously in 0～450V scope; Pulse discharging voltage is low, and in 50～400V scope, handling safety is reliable, can be used in the production of preparation of metal semi-solid alloy and shaping.
2. technology simple, easy to operate, be easy to control, energy resource consumption is little.This method only needs discharge parameter and setting rate are controlled; Owing to be that the gap sparks, so it is few to expend the energy.
3. owing to do not need any stirring, melt liquid cave is steady, effectively avoids the air-breathing and slag inclusion of metal, improves the quality of products.
4. can produce big specification ingot blank.At present, when the ingot blank diameter surpassed 150mm, because the inhomogeneities that electromagnetic field distributes, electromagnetic stirring method can't obtain the blank of even tissue.And the controlling mechanism of this method is the control of setting rate and impulse electric field, therefore realizes the casting of big ingot casting easily.
5. pollution-free, effect significantly, to be suitable for alloys range wide.
6. the mode of production is flexible.Not only can the single-piece production semi-solid blank but also can produce the required slurry of semi-solid-state shaping continuously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 prepares the device structure schematic diagram for non-dendrite semi-solid alloy under the low-voltage pulse electric field.
Wherein, 1 is top electrode, and 2 is thermocouple, and 3 is bell, and 4 are the insulation crucible, 5 heating furnaces, and 6 is alloy melt, and 7 is heating element heater, and 8 is refractory material, and 9 is substrate, 10 is bottom electrode.
Fig. 2 (a)～(b) handles front and back Al-4.5%Cu for impulse electric field and organizes comparison diagram; Fig. 2 (a) is the original structure without the extra pulse electric field treatment, and Fig. 2 (b) is the typical organization after handling through impulse electric field.
Fig. 3 is another embodiment of the present invention impulse electric field generating means circuit theory diagrams.
Fig. 4 is the control section theory diagram of impulse electric field generating means.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment embodiments of the present invention are described further:
As can be seen from Figure 1, the impulse electric field preparation facilities of the present invention's employing is made up of three parts: first is the impulse electric field generating means, and purpose is in order to produce Pulse Electric Current with High Density.When work, at first be single-phase 220V AC power, through pressure regulator, pass through step-up transformer again, obtained the alternating current that voltage meets the demands.Rectification becomes dc source to this alternating current through full-bridge rectifier, as charge switch K
1When closed, dc source charges to capacitance group C.After charging finishes, charge switch K
1Disconnect trigger switch K
2Closure is promptly carried out pulsed discharge to alloy melt.Second portion is a heating and heat-insulating device, be made up of heating furnace 5 and heating element heater 7 and thermocouple 2, the effect of this part is that alloy melt is incubated, the setting rate of control alloy, guarantee that alloy temperature is between liquidus curve and solidus during the pulsed discharge.Third part is the impulse electric field acting device, and it is made up of alloy melt 6, insulation crucible 4, refractory material 8, top electrode 1, bottom electrode 10, and its effect links the alloy melt and the pulse power, and alloy melt is under the effect of impulse electric field.3 are the insulation bell among the figure, and 9 is substrate, plays a supportive role.
Embodiment 1
With fusing and the refining in the insulation crucible of Al-4.5%Cu alloy,, guarantee that the alloy liquid temp is even, and electrode is connected with alloy melt 675 ℃ of insulations 30 minutes.When the alloy melt temperature drops to 651 ℃, the starting impulse generating means, begin alloy melt is discharged, discharge voltage is 300V, be 10 minutes discharge time, and pulse frequency is 0.13Hz, and the average cooling rate of alloy is controlled to be 2 ℃/min in the pulsed discharge process, discharge is taken off top electrode after finishing, and alloy pig cools off with stove.By Fig. 2 (a), Fig. 2 (b) as seen, the microstructure through low-voltage pulse electric field processing back ingot casting is transformed into spherical or granular non-dendritic structure by original thick dendrite.
In addition, as shown in Figure 3, impulse electric field generating means of the present invention can also be divided into two parts, i.e. charge circuit part, discharge loop part.
1. charge circuit part: by 220V AC power, automatic coupling voltage regulator T
1, step-up transformer T
2, four diode D
1～D
4The full-bridge rectifier, the current-limiting resistance R that form
C, charge switch K
1And capacitor C
1～C
4The capacitance group that composes in parallel constitutes.Wherein electric capacity is electrochemical capacitor, and charged in parallel can be according to the same model electric capacity of the needs of discharge power some in parallel.The concrete course of work of charging is the 220V alternating current, through automatic coupling voltage regulator T
1, pass through step-up transformer T again
2, having obtained the alternating current that voltage meets the demands, rectification becomes dc source to this alternating current through full-bridge rectifier, as charge switch K
1When closed, dc source charges to capacitance group, as charge switch K
1During disconnection, charging finishes.
2. discharge loop part: by capacitance group, voltmeter V, magnetic saturation switch L, pulse switch RSD, load R
LWith by triggering capacitor C
T, trigger resistance R
T, trigger switch K
2The triggering loop of the pulse switch RSD that forms constitutes.Wherein capacitance group is used for storage power, and voltmeter V is used for observing the voltage at capacitance group two ends, and magnetic saturation switch L is a satiable inductor coil, unsaturation unshakable in one's determination when capacitance group is discharged, so the induction reactance of inductance coil is bigger, the electric current rate of climb is little.Iron core is saturated when electric current reaches certain numerical value, and inductance coil is ineffective, and electric current rises to peak value rapidly.Therefore this coil has played the function of pulse compression and time-delay.Pulse switch RSD is reverse trigger impulse switch, as the trigger switch K that triggers the loop
2During connection, trigger capacitor C
TBy triggering resistance R
TPaired pulses switch RSD back discharge, pulse switch RSD could conducting.Load R
LRepresent liquid metal.The concrete course of work of discharge is trigger switch K
2Closure, after the compression and time-delay through magnetic saturation switch L, pulse switch RSD conducting, the discharge loop conducting, capacitance group begins load R
LDischarge.
The impulse electric field generating means can also add control section:
3. control section: as shown in Figure 4, by charge switch K
1, trigger switch K
2Form with a programmable functions module.Programmable functions module wherein (adopting the AF-20MR-A type programmable functions module of the inferior sharp Electronics Co., Ltd. in Taiwan) is used for setting the cycle of pulse generating unit discharge, accurately controls charge switch K
1With trigger switch K
2Closure, thereby realize the control of charging of paired pulses generating means and discharge, guarantee the discharge portion operate as normal.
With fusing and the refining in the insulation crucible of AZ91D alloy,, guarantee that the alloy liquid temp is even, and electrode is connected with alloy melt 650 ℃ of insulations 20 minutes.When the alloy melt temperature drops to 593 ℃, the starting impulse generating means, begin alloy melt is discharged, discharge voltage is 400V, be 20 minutes discharge time, and pulse frequency is 0.125Hz, and the average cooling rate of alloy is controlled to be 15 ℃/min in the pulsed discharge process, discharge is taken off top electrode after finishing, and alloy pig cools off with stove.
Embodiment 3
With fine aluminium fusing and refining in the insulation crucible,, guarantee that the alloy liquid temp is even, and electrode is connected with alloy melt 700 ℃ of insulations 40 minutes.When the alloy melt temperature drops to 670 ℃, the starting impulse generating means, begin alloy melt is discharged, discharge voltage is 350V, be 15 minutes discharge time, and pulse frequency is 0.5Hz, and the average cooling rate of alloy is controlled to be 28 ℃/min in the pulsed discharge process, discharge is taken off top electrode after finishing, and alloy pig cools off with stove.
Embodiment 4
Difference from Example 1 is:
In melting furnace, carry out alloying ingredient, fusing and refining; To be incubated crucible then and be preheated to 400 ℃; To melt the alloy of furnace refining 700 ℃ (50 ℃ of degrees of superheat), pour in the crucible, the starting impulse generating means, begin alloy melt is discharged, discharge voltage is 200V, and be 5 minutes discharge time, pulse frequency is 5Hz, the average cooling rate of alloy is controlled to be 10 ℃/min in the pulsed discharge process, and discharge is taken off top electrode after finishing, and alloy pig cools off with stove.
Embodiment 5
Difference from Example 2 is:
In melting furnace, carry out alloying ingredient, fusing and refining; To be incubated crucible then and be preheated to 400 ℃; To melt the alloy of furnace refining 650 ℃ (55 ℃ of degrees of superheat), pour in the crucible, the starting impulse generating means, begin alloy melt is discharged, discharge voltage is 350V, and be 25 minutes discharge time, pulse frequency is 10Hz, the average cooling rate of alloy is controlled to be 5 ℃/min in the pulsed discharge process, and discharge is taken off top electrode after finishing, and alloy pig cools off with stove.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of method of using low-voltage pulse electric field to prepare non-dendrite semi-solid alloy is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
The first step: in melting furnace, carry out alloying ingredient, fusing and refining;
Second step: the preheating insulation crucible, produce semi-solid blank, 400～600 ℃ of crucible preheatings; Perhaps, produce semi-solid metal slurry, crucible is preheated to and is lower than 100～200 ℃ of alloy melting points;
The 3rd step: melt cast is in crucible, and the degree of superheat scope of alloy melt is 30～60 ℃;
The 4th step: add impulse electric field, the two ends up and down that will be incubated alloy melt in the crucible earlier link with the both positive and negative polarity of pulse power output respectively, before solidifying beginning or in process of setting, the starting impulse power supply, alloy melt is carried out pulsed discharge, apply impulse electric field, pulse discharging voltage is in the 50-400V scope, be 3-25 minute discharge time, pulse frequency is 0.1-10Hz, the average cooling rate of alloy is controlled at 0.5-30 ℃/min in the pulsed discharge process, and alloy temperature is between liquidus curve and the solidus during the pulsed discharge;
The 5th step: the alloy melt cooling is cooled to semi-solid blank or makes semi solid slurry.
2, a kind of method of using low-voltage pulse electric field to prepare non-dendrite semi-solid alloy is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
The first step: with directly fusing and refining in the insulation crucible of alloy;
Second step: add impulse electric field, the two ends up and down that will be incubated alloy melt in the crucible earlier link with the both positive and negative polarity of pulse power output respectively, before solidifying beginning or in process of setting, the starting impulse power supply, alloy melt is carried out pulsed discharge, apply impulse electric field, pulse discharging voltage is in the 50-400V scope, be 3-25 minute discharge time, pulse frequency is 0.1-10Hz, the average cooling rate of alloy is controlled at 0.5-30 ℃/min in the pulsed discharge process, and alloy temperature is between liquidus curve and the solidus during the pulsed discharge;
The 3rd step: the alloy melt cooling is cooled to semi-solid blank or makes semi solid slurry.
3, the method for preparing non-dendrite semi-solid alloy according to the described use low-voltage pulse electric field of claim 1, it is characterized in that: pulse discharging voltage is in the 100-400V scope, be 5-15 minute discharge time, pulse frequency is 0.125-1Hz, and the average cooling rate of alloy is controlled in the 0.5-3 ℃/min scope in the pulsed discharge process.
4, a kind of equipment that uses low-voltage pulse electric field to prepare non-dendrite semi-solid alloy, it is characterized in that: it is made up of impulse electric field generating means, impulse electric field acting device and three parts of heating and heat-insulating device, and the pulse current that the impulse electric field generating means produces is applied on the alloy melt that places heating and heat-insulating device by the impulse electric field acting device;
The impulse electric field generating means comprises AC power, pressure regulator, step-up transformer, full-bridge rectifier, alternating current is through pressure regulator, pass through step-up transformer again, rectification becomes the dc source that capacitance group is charged to this alternating current through full-bridge rectifier, and capacitance group is the pulsed discharge power supply of alloy melt;
Described impulse electric field generating means has formed charge circuit part and discharge loop part, and the charge circuit part is by AC power, automatic coupling voltage regulator (T
1), step-up transformer (T
2), four diode (D
1～D
4) full-bridge rectifier, the current-limiting resistance (R that form
C), charge switch (K
1) and the capacitance group formation, alternating current is through automatic coupling voltage regulator (T
1), pass through step-up transformer (T again
2), rectification becomes dc source, dc source and current-limiting resistance (R to this alternating current through full-bridge rectifier
C), charge switch (K
1), capacitance group constitutes series loop; The discharge loop part is by capacitance group, magnetic saturation switch (L), pulse switch, load (R
L) and by triggering electric capacity (C
T), trigger resistance (R
T), trigger switch (K
2) the triggering loop of the pulse switch formed constitutes capacitance group and magnetic saturation switch (L), load (R
L), pulse switch constitutes series loop, load (R
L) represent alloy melt.
5, the equipment for preparing non-dendrite semi-solid alloy according to the described use low-voltage pulse electric field of claim 4, it is characterized in that: described impulse electric field acting device comprises alloy melt (6), places insulation crucible (4), refractory material (8), top electrode (1), the bottom electrode (10) of alloy melt (6), two electrodes link from top and bottom and alloy melt respectively, and alloy melt (6) links with the impulse electric field generating means by top electrode (1), bottom electrode (10).
6, the equipment for preparing non-dendrite semi-solid alloy according to the described use low-voltage pulse electric field of claim 4, it is characterized in that: described heating and heat-insulating device is made of heating furnace (5), heating element heater (7) and thermocouple (2), thermocouple (2) inserts in the alloy melt, and heating element heater (7) is distributed in heating furnace (5) sidewall.
7, prepare the equipment of non-dendrite semi-solid alloy according to the described use low-voltage pulse electric field of claim 4, it is characterized in that: the capacitance group of described impulse electric field generating means is made of two above electric capacity parallel connections, and electric capacity is electrochemical capacitor.
8, prepare the equipment of non-dendrite semi-solid alloy according to the described use low-voltage pulse electric field of claim 4, it is characterized in that: the pulse switch of described impulse electric field generating means is the RSD switch.
9, prepare the equipment of non-dendrite semi-solid alloy according to the described use low-voltage pulse electric field of claim 4, it is characterized in that: described impulse electric field generating means also is provided with control section, and control section is by charge switch (K
1), trigger switch (K
2) formation links to each other with the programmable functions module respectively.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100876750A CN100531966C (en) | 2004-11-26 | 2004-11-26 | Production and apparatus for preparing non-dendritic and semi-solid alloy by low-voltage pulse electric field |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100876750A CN100531966C (en) | 2004-11-26 | 2004-11-26 | Production and apparatus for preparing non-dendritic and semi-solid alloy by low-voltage pulse electric field |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1778496A CN1778496A (en) | 2006-05-31 |
| CN100531966C true CN100531966C (en) | 2009-08-26 |
Family
ID=36769026
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100876750A Expired - Fee Related CN100531966C (en) | 2004-11-26 | 2004-11-26 | Production and apparatus for preparing non-dendritic and semi-solid alloy by low-voltage pulse electric field |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100531966C (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013106953A1 (en) * | 2012-01-21 | 2013-07-25 | 唐山文丰山川轮毂有限公司 | Metallurgical tank electric-pulse device |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101733380B (en) * | 2008-11-05 | 2012-08-29 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Preparation method of fine crystalline metal material under action of low-voltage pulse magnetic field |
| CN101941066B (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2012-07-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Ceramic casting mold applied to metal casting under electric field treatment and method for casting titanium aluminum-based alloy by using same |
| CN102409187B (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2013-06-12 | 上海交通大学 | Method and equipment for preparing semi-solid metal slurry/blank with current |
| CN102573163B (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2013-08-21 | 桂林电子科技大学 | High-voltage power supply of electron beam melting furnace |
| CN103212697B (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2015-04-01 | 西北工业大学 | Casting mould method for improving casting aluminium alloy solidification structure by adopting variable-frequency low-voltage modulating pulse electric field |
| CN103949631B (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2017-12-22 | 上海大学 | The device of melt temperature in pulsed current measurement liquid surface fluctuation solidifying fine crystal technique |
| CN104451494B (en) * | 2014-11-29 | 2017-01-18 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Preparation method for reducing thermal-magnetic integrated control of columnar crystal in copper or copper alloy ingot |
| CN105964989A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-09-28 | 北京工业大学 | Semi-solid aluminum-silicon alloy electromagnetic stirring preparation device suitable for laboratories |
| CN109283464B (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2021-01-19 | 许继集团有限公司 | Thermal running test device for thyristor converter valve |
| CN111146967B (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2023-08-15 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | High-reliability edge surface breakdown discharge trigger type pulse arc striking power supply |
| CN111549237B (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2021-08-06 | 北京科技大学 | Method for separating iron element impurities from pulse current in secondary aluminum melt |
| CN115338389B (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2024-05-03 | 北京科技大学 | Method for improving as-cast structure and high-temperature plasticity of medium manganese steel and medium manganese steel |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4291742A (en) * | 1977-11-09 | 1981-09-29 | Korytov Vladimir A | Method and apparatus for obtaining an ingot |
| CN1411982A (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2003-04-23 | 帝国印刷油墨制造株式会社 | Resin forming article with metal glossy surface |
| CN1415444A (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2003-05-07 | 上海大学 | Technical method for thinning the solidification structure of aluminun alloy |
| CN1866722A (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2006-11-22 | 陈俊宇 | Magnetic power unit |
-
2004
- 2004-11-26 CN CNB2004100876750A patent/CN100531966C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4291742A (en) * | 1977-11-09 | 1981-09-29 | Korytov Vladimir A | Method and apparatus for obtaining an ingot |
| CN1411982A (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2003-04-23 | 帝国印刷油墨制造株式会社 | Resin forming article with metal glossy surface |
| CN1415444A (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2003-05-07 | 上海大学 | Technical method for thinning the solidification structure of aluminun alloy |
| CN1866722A (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2006-11-22 | 陈俊宇 | Magnetic power unit |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013106953A1 (en) * | 2012-01-21 | 2013-07-25 | 唐山文丰山川轮毂有限公司 | Metallurgical tank electric-pulse device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1778496A (en) | 2006-05-31 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN100531966C (en) | Production and apparatus for preparing non-dendritic and semi-solid alloy by low-voltage pulse electric field | |
| CN101181736B (en) | Semi solid rheoforming method for metal parts and device therefor | |
| CN100566890C (en) | A kind of preparation of semi-solid alloy slurry and the equipment of rheoforging | |
| CN104209499B (en) | Low frequency pulsed magnet field fine-grain solidification method for causing melt oscillation through electromagnetic force | |
| KR100526096B1 (en) | Apparatus for producing a semi-solid metallic slurry | |
| US4964455A (en) | Method of making thixotropic metal products by continuous casting | |
| CN101367123A (en) | Method for manufacturing and shaping semi-solid alloy slurry | |
| US20050167073A1 (en) | Rheoforming apparatus | |
| CN103056344A (en) | Method for controlling electroslag melting casting by added transient magnetic field and electroslag smelting casting device | |
| CN1327013C (en) | Fast production of subsphaeroidal crystal tissue semi-solid aluminium alloy | |
| EP0093248A2 (en) | Process and apparatus for providing improved slurry cast structures by hot working | |
| CN102409188A (en) | Method for preparing semisolid alloy through centrifuging and chilling | |
| CN102409187B (en) | Method and equipment for preparing semi-solid metal slurry/blank with current | |
| CN102358922B (en) | Light alloy semi-solid slurry preparation device | |
| CN101804446A (en) | Method and device for preparing semi-solid metal slurry by alternating magnetic field intensifying, overflowing and cooling | |
| CN100337772C (en) | Composite electromagnetic stirring process of preparing semi-solid metal slurry continuously | |
| JP3496833B1 (en) | Method for producing metallic material in solid-liquid coexistence state | |
| CN106890962A (en) | A kind of compound method and device for preparing semi solid slurry | |
| CN1208152C (en) | High-smelting point thixotropic metal bland and composite material intermittent preparing process and apparatus | |
| CN1044500A (en) | A kind of less energy-consumption esr is produced the method for fine crystal ingot | |
| CN103212697B (en) | Casting mould method for improving casting aluminium alloy solidification structure by adopting variable-frequency low-voltage modulating pulse electric field | |
| CN1163328C (en) | Process for preparing semi-solid metallic grout | |
| CN206425510U (en) | A kind of compound device for preparing semi solid slurry | |
| CN201308985Y (en) | Low-voltage pulse magnetic field coagulation device | |
| CN1411932B (en) | Ring initial crystal semi-solid metal or alloy slurry directly-forming method and device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20090826 Termination date: 20121126 |