CN104209499B - Low frequency pulsed magnet field fine-grain solidification method for causing melt oscillation through electromagnetic force - Google Patents
Low frequency pulsed magnet field fine-grain solidification method for causing melt oscillation through electromagnetic force Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a metal material preparative technology, in particular to a low frequency pulsed magnet field fine-grain solidification method for causing melt oscillation through electromagnetic force. A low frequency pulsed magnet field exciting coil is mounted outside a casting mold, when metal melt enters the casting mold through pouring equipment, a low frequency pulsed power supply is started, a pulse current generated by the low frequency pulsed power supply can generate a low frequency pulsed magnet field through the exciting coil, and the low frequency pulsed magnet field acts on the metal melt in the casting mold. The pulse discharge frequency fT is 1-25 Hz, the pulse waveform frequency fw is 1-50 Hz, and the pulse voltage Um is 0-500 V. The instantaneous magnetic field intensity of the low frequency pulsed magnet field technology is large, electromagnetic oscillation force with the direction varied in a reciprocating mode in the melt enables dendritic crystals to be broken more easily, no contact with the metal melt is achieved, pollution can be avoided, and the method can be applied to the solidification process of metal large-sized casting blank.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of metal material technology of preparing, more particularly, to a kind of low frequency of utilization electromagnetic force cause melt vibration
Pulsed magnetic field solidifying fine crystal method.
Background technology
The equiaxed zone ratio of metal strand improves the rolling performance being conducive to improving strand, reduces implosion, the center of strand
The tissue defects of segregation.At present, during metallurgical technology produces, general method is, reduces the cast degree of superheat, electromagnetic agitating technology
Come into operation.Facts have proved：Less than 15 DEG C of the cast degree of superheat, just can significantly improve the equiaxed zone ratio of metal, and low overheated
Degree makes fluidity molten steel be deteriorated, and causes the mouth of a river easily to block, the problems such as field trash is difficult to float.The making of electromagnetic agitating technology
With properly increasing cast degree of superheat scope, but practical application faces problems with again：1st, the limitation of electromagnetic force size, makes
Axialite ratio is not high and unstable；2nd, the presence of Kelvin effect makes utilization rate of electrical not high；3rd, secondary cooling zone electromagnetic agitation skill
Art uses, and strand haves such problems as negative segregation and V-type segregation；4th, equipment spends greatly, and later period maintenance is complicated.
Electromagnetic viscosimeter technology is that using electromagnetic field, melt is produced with the effect of vibration, can significant fining metal solidification
Tissue.Scholars propose various forms of electromagnetic viscosimeter technology, the nineties in 20th century, and Radjai utilizes magnetostatic field and alternation
Electric current serves the effect luring that melt occurs vibration into.Iwai proposes also may be used with magnetostatic field generation oscillation action using DC current
To be significantly expanded equiaxial crystalline region.Nakada inserts electrode in the melt, is passed through single pulse current, to produce vibration.Above-mentioned
Three class methods are required for inserting in the melt electrode, therefore there is pollution metal, the problem of impact metal degree of purity.Vives
Produce an alternating electromagnetic force etc. having invented to interact using magnetostatic field and alternating magnetic field inside melt, force melt to occur
Vibration, thus fining metal crystal grain, removal gas and raising mold-filling capacity, although this method can avoid metallic pollution to ask
Topic, but magnitude of field intensity limited it is impossible to reach more than 1T.
In recent years, slander bright great waves and be passed through magnet exciting coil to produce pulsed magnetic field first with pulse current, electricity is produced to melt
Magnetic oscillation acts on.Then, Chinese patent 0510030736.4 is disclosed and a kind of is shaken oscillation technology fining metal crystal grain using magnetic
Method.The method that both produces pulsed magnetic field mainly adopts high voltage, the bulky capacitor formula pulse power, and its principle is all to utilize
Bulky capacitor energy storage abrupt release, produces high-intensity magnetic field.The oil immersed type electric capacity that the type power supply adopts is bulky, expensive, and
And need in the special safe normal work of laboratory guarantee, it is unfavorable for being applied to actual industrial production.And this species
The power source charges of type and discharge time are long, and in the unit interval, discharge time is too low（About 3 times about）, it is unfavorable for metal is coagulated
Gu process is controlled.And, due to power supply and mating of loading, pulsed magnetic field waveform frequency is big, and the impact of Kelvin effect makes
Obtain small size sample effect substantially, but industrial production large scale strand thinning effect is still not clear.
Chinese patent 200810228547.1 discloses a kind of preparation of fine crystalline metal material under action of low-voltage pulse magnetic field
Method, the method adopts low-voltage pulse magnetic field to act on the process of setting of the metal tissue to obtain refinement, it is to avoid above-mentioned two
High voltage problem in the method for kind.Its principle is early solidification, when solidified shell is not yet formed, promotes to swim using low-voltage pulse magnetic field
Come off from type wall from nucleus, but in the presence of solidified shell, because the free crystalline substance that supercooling generates disappears on type wall, now utilize low
Pressure pulsed magnetic field can not obtain good thinning effect.This principle exists for the application of many continuous casting type operations necessarily asks
Topic, the casting process of such as steel, according to the principle of this kind of method, magnet exciting coil should be installed on crystallizer upper end, now molten steel
Entered by submersed nozzle, the free nucleus that crystallization wall produces will be melted, and be installed on crystallizer hypomere, now casting blank solidification
Shell generates it is impossible to provide free nucleus.In addition, this kind of method is still not clear for the thinning effect of large scale strand.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of utilization electromagnetic force causes the low frequency pulsed magnetic fields solidifying fine crystal side of melt vibration
Method, the instantaneous field strength of the low frequency pulsed magnetic fields technology of the method is big, produces the electromagnetism of the reciprocal change in direction inside melt
Oscillating force is more easy to make dendrite fragmentation, and with metal bath noncontact, pollution-free, can be applicable to metal large scale casting blank solidification mistake
Journey.
In order to realize above-mentioned technical purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of utilization electromagnetic force causes the low frequency pulsed magnetic fields solidifying fine crystal method of melt vibration, by low frequency pulsed magnetic fields excitation
Coil is arranged on outside casting mold, when metal bath is entered in casting mold by casting equipment, opens low-frequency pulse power supply, low-frequency pulse
The pulse current that source produces, produces low frequency pulsed magnetic fields through magnet exciting coil, acts on the metal bath in casting mold；Pulsed discharge
Frequencyf T For 1～25Hz, impulse waveform frequencyf w For 1～50Hz, pulse voltageU m For 0～500V.
Described pulsed discharge frequencyf T For 1～20Hz.
Described impulse waveform frequencyf w For 10～50Hz.
Described pulse voltageU m For 100～500V.
The solidifying fine crystal method of the present invention is the low frequency pulsed magnetic fields technology causing melt vibration using electromagnetic force, compared to electricity
Magnetic stirring technique, on the one hand, low frequency pulsed magnetic fields technology instantaneous field strength is big, and electromagnetic agitating technology electromagnetic force can be avoided big
Little limitation；On the other hand, low frequency pulsed magnetic fields technology mainly produces the electromagnetic viscosimeter power of the reciprocal change in direction inside melt,
Compare the unidirectional mixing power of electromagnetic agitating technology, be more easy to make dendrite fragmentation.And low frequency pulsed magnetic fields waveform frequency is low and golden
Belong to melt noncontact, pollution-free, can be applicable to metal large scale casting blank solidification process, the particularly casting process of steel.
The present invention is applied to the process of setting of large scale metal strand, can obtain the tiny solidified structure of crystal grain.This technology
Power-supply device makes simply, easily realizes the practical application of industry spot, compares the electromagnetic agitating technology of equal magnetic field intensity, its electricity
Source consumes and significantly reduces, and can be greatly saved ton steel cost.
The present invention, due to employing low frequency pulsed magnetic fields technology, compared with prior art has the advantage that：
1st, storage capacitor is released after overcharge in very short time, can produce the very big electromagnetic force of intensity.
2nd, field frequency is low, can avoid the impact of Kelvin effect, is applied to that the electrical conductivity such as steel, copper are larger, and Kelvin effect is bright
Aobvious, and the larger-size metal solidification process of strand.
3rd, compare the electromagnetic agitating technology of one direction stirring, the electromagnetic force that direction changes back and forth is formed " reversely in the melt
Stream " is it is easier to make the dendrite fragmentation growing in strand, and it can be avoided that the negative segregation problem that causes of electromagnetic agitation.
4th, because pulsed magnetic field is to carry out energy storage for a long time, and in the short time release magnetic field, its instantaneous power is big,
And mean power is little.And electromagnetic agitation, in order to realize higher magnetic field intensity, needs low-voltage, high current to be always maintained at exporting, its
Mean power is big, and this just proposes requirement to power-supply device, needs expensive silicon controlled rectifier.Therefore, the present invention adopts
Low frequency pulsed magnetic fields technology compares electromagnetic agitating technology, can significantly reduce power consumption, saves powerful cooling device.
5th, due to electromagnetic viscosimeter power is produced using magnet exciting coil, therefore with metal bath noncontact, pollution-free.
Brief description
Fig. 1 low frequency pulsed magnetic fields circuit structure diagram；
Fig. 2 low frequency pulsed magnetic fields power supply wave shape figure；
Fig. 3 low-frequency pulse electromagnetic viscosimeter technology solidifying fine crystal mechanism figure.In figureF m ag For pulse-electromagnetic force,BFor arteries and veins
Rush magnetic field intensity,uFor interdendritic flow velocity；In figure-, present under the pulse-electromagnetic force of direction change acts on, dendrite quilt
Interrupt broken process.
Fig. 4 is to pour into a mould simulation test device figure, in figure under low frequency pulsed magnetic fields：1 is cooling water, and 2 is magnet exciting coil, and 3 are
Crucible, 4 is rising head, and 5 is mold, and 6 is metal bath；
Sn-20%Pb microstructure under Fig. 5 different magnetic field form, in figure：a）Rotary electromagnetic stirs；b）Travelling-wave-type electricity
Magnetic stirs；c）Spiral electromagnetic stirs；d）Low frequency pulsed magnetic fields；
Typical case's macroscopic view solidified structure figure of 304 austenitic stainless steels, in figure under Fig. 6 low frequency pulsed magnetic fields：a）Do not apply low
Frequency pulsed magnetic field, b）Apply low frequency pulsed magnetic fields.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of utilization electromagnetic force causes the low frequency pulsed magnetic fields solidifying fine crystal method of melt vibration, by low frequency pulsed magnetic fields excitation
Coil is arranged on outside casting mold 5, referring to Fig. 4, when metal bath 6 passes through casting equipment, such as enters casting mold 5 by crucible 3 through rising head 4
Interior, open low-frequency pulse power supply, the pulse current that low-frequency pulse power supply produces, produce low frequency pulsed magnetic fields through magnet exciting coil 2,
Act on the metal bath 6 in casting mold 5；Magnet exciting coil 2 is formed by copper pipe coiling, is passed through the deionization circulation of high intensity in copper pipe
Cooling water 1, to prevent coil heating and damaged.
Pulse current waveform in the present invention is sine wave, and Fig. 2 is the actual pulse output current using oscilloscope measurement
Oscillogram, for pulse current waveform, it determines that parameter has pulse peak currentU m , impulse waveform frequencyf w , pulse puts
Electric frequencyf T .Pulsed discharge frequencyf T For 1～25Hz（Preferably discharge frequency scope 1～20Hz）, impulse waveform frequencyf w For 1～50 Hz（Preferably waveform frequency scope is 10～50Hz）, pulse voltageU m For 0～500V（Preferably voltage range
For 100～500V）.
The present invention utilizes electromagnetic force to cause the operation principle of the low frequency pulsed magnetic fields solidifying fine crystal method of melt vibration as follows：
The field form that the present invention adopts is low frequency pulsed magnetic fields, and the power supply used by low frequency pulsed magnetic fields is usually electric capacity storage
Energy formula, its operation principle is as shown in Figure 1：The loop initial stage switch S that dc source is powered1Closure, switchs S2It is in disconnection, voltage
Storage capacitor C is charged, when the voltage on storage capacitor C reaches peak value, switchs S1Disconnect, switch S2Connect, storage capacitor wink
Time discharges to magnet exciting coil L, produces the low frequency pulsed magnetic fields that field waveform is low, magnetic field intensity is big.
Low frequency pulsed magnetic fields produce the reciprocal electromagnetic viscosimeter power changing and instantaneously reaching extreme value in direction, melt in melt
Interior convection current dramatically increases, and the electromagnetic viscosimeter of direction change is made every effort to promote and makes melt be internally formed " reverse flow ", i.e. flow direction
Change, as shown in Figure 3.Under the washing away back and forth of " reverse flow ", on the one hand, the dendrite of solidification front growth is easily broken
Broken, form the free nucleus of substantial amounts of propagation and enter melt center.On the other hand, the increase of convection current promotes melt internal temperature gradient
Reduce, this is that free nuclei growth provides temperature conditionss for equiaxed grain structure, under the effect of above-mentioned both sides, low-frequency pulse
The applying of electromagnetic viscosimeter technology, promotes the increase of strand equiaxed zone ratio.
In actual applications, low frequency pulsed magnetic fields magnet exciting coil is arranged on metal freezing initial stage, the continuous casting mistake of such as steel
The secondary cooling zone of journey.When metal bath is entered in casting mold by casting equipment, open low-frequency pulse power supply, low-frequency pulse power supply produces
Pulse current, through magnet exciting coil produce low frequency pulsed magnetic fields, act on the metal bath in crystallizer.
Embodiment 1：
Experimental selection Sn-20%Pb alloy, mould selects to carry non-magnetic austenite stainless steel crucible, during experiment, will
The remelting in resistance furnace of Sn-20%Pb alloy pig, woven wire is placed in melt, is incubated 30 minutes in 800 C, then pours into a mould
To graphite crucible, graphite crucible internal diameter about 40 mm, height about 100 mm.During experiment, fixing mould central magnetic field intensity is
0.07T, selects to apply spiral, rotary, travelling-wave-type electromagnetic agitation, low frequency pulsed magnetic fields respectively.The ginseng of low frequency pulsed magnetic fields
Number is：Pulsed discharge frequency is 1-10Hz, and impulse waveform frequency is 10～50Hz, and pulse discharging voltage is 500v.Solidification experiments
After end, in the same position of bath sample, observe sample microstructure using metallographic microscope, as shown in Figure 5.
Experimental result shows, under the conditions of identical magnetic field intensity, applies the solidified structure after pulsed magnetic field, presents tiny
Actinenchyma；Apply the solidified structure after spiral electromagnetic stirring, present tiny spherical；After applying travelling-wave-type electromagnetic agitation
Solidified structure, present thick spherical, also occur in that a small amount of dendritic crystalline tissue simultaneously；After applying rotary electromagnetic stirring,
Occur in that in solidified structure that strip is organized.In sum, contrast the grain refining effect under four kinds of field forms, in identical
Under the conditions of magnetic field intensity, according to grain refining effect, low frequency pulsed magnetic fields>Spiral electromagnetic stirs>Travelling-wave-type electromagnetic agitation>Rotation
Rotatable electromagnetic agitation.
In addition, being computed, under identical magnetic field intensity 0.07T, power consumption such as table 1 institute in various forms of magnetic fields
Show, therefrom can draw, under obtaining same magnetic field strength condition, the power consumption of electromagnetic agitation is about the 5～8 of pulsed magnetic field
Times.This explanation, compares electromagnetism and stirs technology, and pulsed magnetic field can obtain significantly more refinement under the conditions of more low consumpting power
Effect.
Under the same magnetic field intensity of table 1, the average consumed power in multi-form magnetic field
| Field form | Rotary electromagnetic stirs | Travelling-wave-type electromagnetic agitation | Spiral electromagnetic stirs | Pulsed magnetic field |
| Average consumed power（Kw） | 63.6 | 63.1Kw | 50.3Kw | 8.4Kw |
Embodiment 2：
No longer there is δ → γ phase transformation in solidification in 304 austenitic stainless steels, do not have phase transformation to column in grain growth process
Brilliant inhibition, causes that its column crystal is more flourishing, and proportion of equiaxed grain is low.In addition, the surface of 304 austenitic stainless steels exists
In casting process, surface can form oscillation mark, in subsequent treatment, needs will remove it after processing, this significantly affects product
The recovery rate of product.
In enforcement, for 160*160mm billet caster, pulsed field magnetization coil is placed in two cold-zone 1 number section and 2 number sections
Between, strand is placed in the middle of coil.Coil dimension is：External diameter 400mm, internal diameter 280mm, highly for 500mm, coil and coil it
Between keep insulation.Coil adopts copper material, due to can produce Joule heat in coil it is therefore desirable to cool down with being passed through deionization
Water.Further, since the presence of pulse-electromagnetic force, coil also need to the non-magnetic stainless steel material of high intensity reinforced strong to improve
Degree, thus avoid coil vibration to occur and damages.
Open pour when, Metal in Tundish passes through submersed nozzle, opens magnet exciting coil cooling water pump, and dummy device is by strand
Pull-out crystallizer, opens low frequency pulsed magnetic fields device simultaneously, and operational factors is：Pulsed discharge frequency is 1-10Hz, impulse waveform
Frequency is 10～50Hz, and pulse discharging voltage is 500v.Fig. 6 is for, under low frequency pulsed magnetic fields effect, 304 austenitic stainless steels are typical
Macroscopical solidified structure.It is not added with low frequency pulsed magnetic fields, strand assumes thick columanar structure, and strand center occurs significantly
Centre burst, after applying pulsed magnetic field, the centre burst at strand center disappears, and assumes tiny equiaxed grain structure, this be due to
" reverse flow " effect of low frequency pulsed magnetic fields, makes the degree of segregation in strand reduce, equiaxed zone ratio increases, the thermal stress of strand
Performance improvement, thus avoid the generation of centre burst.
The low-frequency pulse electromagnetic viscosimeter solidifying fine crystal method of the present invention, has magnetic field intensity big, field frequency is low, can apply big
In the process of setting of size metallic.At present, in the continuous casting production process of steel, for the steel grades such as silicon steel, stainless steel, crystal grain refinement
All the time it is one of difficult point, column trichite in strand reaches, and leads to corrugated defect.Such defect had a strong impact on follow-up machine clear with roll
The working ability of technique processed.The present invention can effectively improve the equiaxed zone ratio of silicon steel, stainless steel casting blank, and lower than electromagnetic agitation
Power can significantly reduce power consumption, reduce ton steel cost.Meanwhile, the present invention has structure simply, easy to operate,
Investment is little, and original production line is no transformed, and the advantages of long service life, has application value and prospect.
These are only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit protection scope of the present invention, therefore, all
Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made within the spirit and principles in the present invention etc., should be included in the protection model of the present invention
Within enclosing.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of utilization electromagnetic force causes the low frequency pulsed magnetic fields solidifying fine crystal method of melt vibration, it is characterized in that：Continuous casting in steel
The secondary cooling zone of process, low frequency pulsed magnetic fields magnet exciting coil is arranged on outside casting mold, when metal bath enters casting by casting equipment
In type, open low-frequency pulse power supply, the pulse current that low-frequency pulse power supply produces, produce low-frequency pulse magnetic through magnet exciting coil
, act on the metal bath in casting mold；Pulsed discharge frequencyf T For 1～20Hz, impulse waveform frequencyf w For 1～
50Hz, pulse voltageU m For 100～500V.
2. utilization electromagnetic force according to claim 1 causes the low frequency pulsed magnetic fields solidifying fine crystal method of melt vibration, and it is special
Levying is：Described impulse waveform frequencyf w For 10～50Hz.
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| CN108380851A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-08-10 | 重庆文理学院 | A kind of device and its process for refining of multi- scenarios method thinning metal solidification texture |
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