CN100517621C - 具有包覆层的互连结构及其制造方法 - Google Patents

具有包覆层的互连结构及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN100517621C
CN100517621C CN200580046544.0A CN200580046544A CN100517621C CN 100517621 C CN100517621 C CN 100517621C CN 200580046544 A CN200580046544 A CN 200580046544A CN 100517621 C CN100517621 C CN 100517621C
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L·A·克莱文格
T·J·达尔顿
L·C·苏
C·J·拉登斯
T·E·斯坦德尔特
K·K·H·黄
杨智超
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Abstract

一种制造互连的方法包括如下步骤:在介质材料中提供互连结构,凹进介质材料,以使互连结构的一部分在介质的上表面上延伸;以及在互连结构的延伸部分上沉积包覆层。

Description

具有包覆层的互连结构及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及集成电路中如过孔和沟槽金属化的互连结构。更具体地说,本发明涉及具有包覆层的过孔和沟槽金属化结构,以及该结构的制造方法。
背景技术
当集成电路复杂化时,集成工艺需要几种工艺。同样,电子器件的持续小型化要求互连位于器件中的多级中。对于铜,由于在每一级中蚀刻停止和扩散阻挡结构的相关要求,几层金属化的要求也日益复杂。
在镶嵌工艺中,在介质膜中形成的沟槽或过孔中,形成互连结构或布线图形。使用公知技术,使用光致抗蚀剂材料限定布线图形。构图后的光致抗蚀剂材料用作掩模,通过它用如等离子体蚀刻或反应离子蚀刻的减去蚀刻工艺除去介质材料图形。使用蚀刻开口在介质层中限定布线图形。这些布线图形可以从介质层的一个表面延伸到介质层的另一个表面。可选地,可以限制布线图形为单层,即没有延伸到介质层的相对表面。
然后使用如电镀,无电镀,化学气相沉积,物理气相沉积或其组合的填充技术用金属填充布线图形。优选使用阻挡层以将导电材料层向介质中的原子扩散最小化。
在单镶嵌工艺中,在介质层中提供过孔开口并且用导电金属填充,这经常被称为金属化,以在布线级的层之间提供电接触。在双镶嵌工艺中,在用导电材料填充前,在介质层中提供过孔开口和布线图形开口。通过消除一些内部界面,双镶嵌工艺可以简化制造工艺。在电子部件的每层中连续进行双镶嵌工艺接着金属化直到电子器件完成。
在介质材料和导电材料间经常需要阻挡层以防止导电材料原子扩散进入并且同时穿过介质材料而进入其它有源电路器件结构中。器件中导电材料的扩散可以引起穿过介质材料的级间或级内短路。还会导致结泄漏以及在衬底中形成的晶体管的阈值电压(Vt)水平的偏移。在一些情况下,会破坏器件功能。
当高扩散元素用作半导体结构中的导电材料时,要特别注意扩散问题。例如,铜原子在多数介质材料中经常表现出相对高的扩散迁移率。然而,除了此问题以外,因为其优秀的导电率,铜是用于互连的较好材料。
图1A和1B是现有技术用于提供铜互连的工艺步骤的代表性截面图。参考图1A,示出了双镶嵌铜互连,其包括沟槽16和过孔17,嵌入介质10中的铜线12,覆盖层14(例如,氮化硅,碳化硅或氧化硅)以及层间介质15。如所示,在层间介质15和覆盖层14中蚀刻过孔17以暴露铜线12。优选,使用PVD工艺在构图层间介质上沉积阻挡层(例如,钽,氮化钽)。然后在阻挡层上沉积铜籽晶层,接着进行镀铜工艺以用铜18填充沟槽16和过孔17,如图1B所示。
每个都具有其嵌入的互连结构的一个构图夹层在另一个夹层上的未对准,经常导致过孔没有完全接合在下面的导线上或者导线没有完全接合在下面的过孔上。没有接合的过孔和线可以明显减小到下面的金属化的电连接并且导致低工艺产量或场失效。作为结果,用具体的对准容差值设计电子电路。例如,在65nm节点技术中,过孔直径约100nm并且覆盖层预计约40nm。因此,有对提供具有放宽的制造容差值的互连结构的兴趣,特别是对于高密度布线设计。
发明内容
本发明旨在制造互连结构的方法。该方法包括:在介质材料中提供互连结构,凹进介质材料,以使互连结构的一部分在介质的上表面上延伸;以及在互连结构的延伸部分上沉积包覆层(encasing cap)。
本发明还旨在互连结构,该结构包括:位于介质材料中的金属导体,所述金属导体的一部分在所述介质材料的表面上延伸。用覆层包覆金属导体的延伸部分。
附图说明
当与附图一起参考本发明的详细描述时,将更好地理解本发明,其中:
图1A和1B是现有技术用于提供铜互连的工艺步骤的代表性截面图;
图2A到2F是本发明的一个实施例的工艺步骤的代表性截面图;并且
图3A和3B是描述本发明的一个优点的顶视图。
具体实施方式
本发明旨在制造互连结构的方法。此方法包括:在介质材料中提供互连结构,凹进介质材料,以使互连结构的一部分在介质的上表面上延伸;以及在互连结构的延伸部分上沉积包覆层。该方法还包括在包覆层上沉积第二介质材料。术语“介质材料”指第一沉积介质层或层间介质。
图2A到2F示出了此方法的一个实施例。图2A描述了在介质20中提供如铜过孔或铜线的互连结构22。例如通过等离子体蚀刻或反应离子蚀刻,除去介质20的上部分,暴露互连结构在介质的上表面上延伸的部分,图2B。使用本领域的技术人员公知的任何工艺技术除去介质20的上部分。然后在互连结构的延伸部分上沉积包覆层24,图2C。沉积并构图层间介质25以使在包覆层上沉积沟槽或过孔的底表面,如图2D和2E所示。然后用导电金属28填充沟槽或过孔,图2F。该方法还包括在沉积导电金属前沉积阻挡层或籽晶层。
在一个实施例中,互连结构是具有尺寸宽度为W的线互连。包覆层具有从约1.1W到约1.6W的尺寸宽度。可选地,包覆层具有从约1.2W到约1.4W的尺寸宽度。沉积第二介质材料并且形成过孔以使在包覆层上沉积过孔的底表面。包覆层的额外宽度为在第二介质中的构图过孔的未对准提供更大的容差。作为结果,与没有包覆层存在的线互连相比,过孔更接近于完全接合在具有包覆层的线互连上。
在另一个实施例中,互连结构是具有尺寸直径D的过孔互连。包覆层具有从约1.1D到约1.6D的尺寸直径。可选地,包覆层具有从约1.2D到约1.4D的尺寸宽度。沉积第二介质材料并且形成沟槽以使沟槽的底表面位于包覆层上。包覆层的额外宽度为在第二介质中的构图沟槽的未对准提供更大的容差。作为结果,与没有包覆层存在的过孔相比,沟槽更接近于完全接合在具有包覆层的过孔上。参见图3A和3B。
图3A示出了部分接合在下面的过孔互连40上的线互连42的顶视图。图3B示出了具有包覆层44的过孔40。如所示,线互连42完全接合在包覆层44上。
可以通过无电工艺或电镀工艺沉积包覆层。使用无电工艺更有利,因为金属互连结构可以作为电镀工艺的表面催化剂。包覆层可以是导电金属或金属合金。
如果包覆层是金属合金,那么可以使用主和次金属的几种组合。主金属可以包括,但不仅限于:选自铜,银,金,镍,钯,铂,钴,钌,钨,铑,铱的任何一种金属。镍和钴是提供如与导电金属的更大的粘附强度或导电金属的更大的抗迁移性的有利特性的两种主金属,特别是当导电金属是铜时。次金属可以包括,但不仅限于:选自铬,钼,钨,锰,钌和铼的一种或多种金属。合金还可以结合硼或磷。
在一个实施例中,镍是用于无电镀包覆层的主金属。使用包括镍溶液的无电镀溶液形成包覆层。典型的含镍金属包覆层包括NiB,NiBP,NiCrB,NiCrBP,NiMoB,NiMoBP,NiWB,NiWBP,NiMnB,NiMnBP,NiRe和NiReBP。
可选地,包覆层合金可以包括主金属镍和钴。典型的金属包覆层包括NiCoB,NiCoBP,NiCoCrB,NiCoCrBP,NiCoMoB,NiCoMoBP,NiCoWB,NiCoWBP,NiCoMnB,NiCoMnBP,NiCoReB和NiCoReBP。
在另一个实施例中,钴是用于无电镀包覆层的主金属。使用包括钴溶液的无电镀溶液形成包覆层。典型的含钴金属包覆层包括CoB,CoBP,CoCrB,CoCrBP,CoMoB,CoMoBP,CoWB,CoWBP,CoMnB,CoMnBP,CoReB和CoReBP。
可选地,包覆层合金可以包括主金属钴和钯。典型的金属包覆层包括CoPdB,CoPdBP,CoPdCrB,CoPdCrBP,CoPdMoB,CoPdMoBP,CoPdWB,CoPdWBP,CoPdMnB,CoPdMnBP,CoPdReB和CoPdReBP。
最近,用CoWP作为Cu的覆盖材料。通过无电以及电沉积工艺沉积CoWP。在2003年11月18日提交的,受让给国际商业机器公司的美国专利申请中描述了电沉积的CoWP,这里通过参考引入其整个公开。
美国专利No.5,695,810,描述了使用无电沉积的CoWP膜用于铜互连结构的覆盖材料,这里通过参考引入其整个公开。
包覆层具有从约
Figure C20058004654400091
Figure C20058004654400092
的厚度。可选地,包覆层具有从
Figure C20058004654400093
Figure C20058004654400094
的厚度。
在互连结构的从介质的上表面延伸的部分上沉积包覆层。互连结构的暴露部分从介质的上表面延伸约到约
Figure C20058004654400096
可以通过如电镀或无电镀的电化学沉积进行导电层的沉积。在受让给国际商业机器公司的美国专利申请序列No.09/348,632中公开了适合铜电镀成分的实例,这里通过参考引入其整个公开。还可以使用如铝,钨,金,银,或其合金的其它材料。
许多铜合金也可以用作导电材料。合适的铜合金包括铜-镁(Cu--Mg),铜-镍(CuNi),铜-锡(CuSn),铜-铟(CuIn),铜-镉(CuGd),铜-锌(CuZn),铜-铋(CuBi),铜-钌(CuRu),铜-铑(CuRh),铜-铼(CuRe),铜-钨(CuW),铜-钴(CuCo),铜-钯(CuPd),铜-金(CuAu),铜-铂(CuPt)和铜-银(CuAg)。通过两种方法中的一种形成合金。典型地,电镀铜-锡,铜-铟,铜-镉,铜-铋,铜-钌,铜-铼,铜-铑,铜-钨。可选地,可以用如银,铂,锡,铑和钌的催化金属掺杂铜。
在层间介质中构图的沟槽或过孔的表面上,沉积减小互连材料扩散的阻挡层,如铜扩散进入层间介质。典型的阻挡层包括如钽(Ta),钨(W),钛(Ti),钴(Co),其组合和其它难熔金属的金属。其它实例包括如氮化钽(TaN),氮化钨(WN),氮化钛(TiN),其组合和其它难熔金属氮化物的氮化物。其它实例包括如氮化硅钽(TaSiN),氮化硅钨(WSiN),氮化硅钛(TiSiN),其组合和其它难熔金属氮化硅的硅氮化物。可以通过如化学气相沉积(CVD)或物理气相沉积(PVD)的常规技术沉积阻挡层。
在2002年4月26日提交的美国专利申请序列No.10/132,173,现在的美国专利No.6,787,912,和2002年10月24日提交的美国专利申请序列No.10/279,057,现在的美国专利No.6,812,143中描述了本发明的一种阻挡层,这里通过参考引入其整个公开。两个美国专利都受让给国际商业机器公司。
用于提供本发明的互连结构的介质层可以是在半导体制造工业中使用的任何合适的介质层,例如,如二氧化硅的氧化物,氮化物,氮化硅或氧氮化物层。还可以使用低k介质材料,如来自DOW Chemical的
Figure C20058004654400101
来自Novellus的
Figure C20058004654400102
来自Applied Materials的Black
Figure C20058004654400103
以及旋涂硅基介质。
Figure C20058004654400104
通常描述作为SiCOH介质。可以通过包括化学气相沉积和旋涂技术的各种方法的任意一个形成介质层。在2000年11月14日出版的美国专利No.6,147,009和在2002年8月27日出版的美国专利No.6,441,491中描述的介质材料还可以用于形成本发明的互连结构,这里通过参考引入其整个公开,并且这两者都受让给国际商业机器公司。

Claims (22)

1.一种制造互连结构的方法,包括如下步骤:
在介质材料中提供互连结构,
凹进所述介质材料,以使所述互连结构的一部分在所述介质材料的上表面上延伸;以及
在所述互连结构的所述延伸部分上沉积包覆层;
其中所述互连结构是具有尺寸宽度W的线互连,并且所述包覆层具有从1.1W到1.6W的尺寸宽度。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,还包括在所述包覆层上沉积层间介质材料。
3.根据权利要求2的方法,还包括在所述层间介质材料中形成沟槽或过孔,以使所述沟槽或过孔的底表面位于所述包覆层上。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述包覆层具有从1.2W到1.4W的尺寸宽度。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,还包括在所述层间介质材料中形成过孔,以使所述过孔的底表面位于所述包覆层上。
6.根据权利要求1的方法,其中通过无电镀工艺沉积所述包覆层。
7.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述包覆层是包括镍或钴的金属合金。
8.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述包覆层是CoWP。
9.根据权利要求2的方法,其中所述互连结构是具有尺寸直径D的过孔,并且所述包覆层具有从1.1D到1.6D的尺寸直径。
10.根据权利要求9的方法,其中所述包覆层具有从1.2D到1.4D的尺寸直径。
11.根据权利要求9的方法,还包括在所述层间介质材料中形成沟槽,以使所述沟槽的底表面位于所述包覆层上。
12.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述包覆层具有从
Figure C2005800465440002C1
Figure C2005800465440002C2
的厚度。
13.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述互连结构的所述延伸部分从
Figure C2005800465440002C3
14.一种制造互连结构的方法,包括如下步骤:
在介质材料中提供互连线结构,
在邻近所述互连线结构的区域中凹进所述介质材料,以使所述互连线结构的一部分在所述介质材料的上表面上延伸;
在所述互连线结构的所述延伸部分上沉积包覆层;
在所述包覆层上沉积层间介质;以及
在所述层间介质中形成过孔,以使所述过孔的底表面位于所述包覆层上;
其中所述互连结构具有尺寸宽度W,并且所述包覆层具有从1.1W到1.6W的尺寸宽度。
15.一种制造互连结构的方法,包括如下步骤:
在介质材料中提供互连过孔结构,
在邻近所述互连过孔结构的区域中凹进所述介质材料,以使所述互连过孔结构的一部分在所述介质材料的上表面上延伸;
在所述互连过孔结构的所述延伸部分上沉积包覆层;
在所述包覆层上沉积层间介质材料;以及
在所述层间介质材料中形成沟槽,以使所述沟槽的底表面位于所述包覆层上;
其中所述互连过孔结构的直径具有尺寸直径D,并且所述包覆层具有从1.1D到1.6D的尺寸直径。
16.一种互连结构,包括位于介质材料中的金属导体,所述金属导体的一部分在所述介质材料的表面上延伸,其中用覆层包覆所述金属导体的所述延伸部分,其中所述金属导体是具有尺寸宽度W的线互连,并且所述覆层具有从1.1W到1.6W的尺寸宽度。
17.根据权利要求16的互连结构,其中所述金属导体是线互连或过孔互连。
18.根据权利要求16的互连结构,其中所述覆层具有从1.2W到1.4W的尺寸宽度。
19.根据权利要求16的互连结构,其中所述互连结构是具有尺寸直径D的过孔,并且所述覆层具有从1.1D到1.6D的尺寸直径。
20.根据权利要求16的互连结构,其中所述覆层具有从1.2D到1.4D的尺寸直径。
21.根据权利要求16的互连结构,其中所述覆层具有从
Figure C2005800465440004C1
Figure C2005800465440004C2
的厚度。
22.根据权利要求16的互连结构,其中所述互连结构的所述延伸部分从
Figure C2005800465440004C3
Figure C2005800465440004C4
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