CN100482821C - Method for preparing foam aluminum and alloy product with closed gradient pore structure - Google Patents
Method for preparing foam aluminum and alloy product with closed gradient pore structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN100482821C CN100482821C CNB2007100251298A CN200710025129A CN100482821C CN 100482821 C CN100482821 C CN 100482821C CN B2007100251298 A CNB2007100251298 A CN B2007100251298A CN 200710025129 A CN200710025129 A CN 200710025129A CN 100482821 C CN100482821 C CN 100482821C
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- porosity
- titanium hydride
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing foamed aluminum and aluminum alloy, which possesses pore structure gradient and excellent absorption ability for impact energy. It comprises following steps: melting aluminum or aluminum alloy and keeping temperature between 68o Deg. C and 780 Deg. C, adding mass ratio 0.5%-5% thickening agent Ca to aluminum melt, stirring and reacting for 2-20min, steadying melt viscosity; adding titanium hydride with its weight being 0.5%-4% of total weight to the anterior, stirring at speed of 800r/min-1200r/min to disperse titanium hydride evenly; injecting water, spraying or cooling the growing melt foam 5-9 seconds after finishing stirring until solidification, then getting foamed aluminum with porosity gradient and light energy absorption device made fromaluminum alloy.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of foam aluminum or aluminum alloy, relate in particular to a kind of preparation method of closed-cell foam aluminum or aluminum alloy pore structure gradient formation technology.
Two, background technology
Prior art: the closed-cell foam aluminum or aluminum alloy that with the pore texture is feature has been realized structured material lightweight, multifunction, just becoming the focus of science and engineering research in the application of space flight and other high-tech sectors, its impact energy receptivity more solves the solution route that an existing hi-tech difficult problem provides novelty.
At the demand of hi-tech engineering field impact energy absorption characteristic, realize by the modulation pore structure foam aluminum or aluminum alloy impact energy absorption characteristic be adjusted to the crucial difficult problem in field for this reason.Having foam aluminum or aluminum alloy impact energy resorber that porosity just changes high porosity under than the small energy impact condition partly produces viscous deformation and absorbs energy; realize the isolation of low stress impact ripple; and under than macro-energy impact condition, be out of shape the absorption that realizes the large impact energy, thereby guarantee the isolation of protected object shock stress ripple under large and small impact energy than the low porosity part.
Three, summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: provide a kind of and have pore structure gradient, have the preparation method of the foam aluminum or aluminum alloy of excellent absorption ability for impact energy.
Technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of preparation has the method for graded pore structure closed-cell aluminum foam or Al-alloy products, metallic aluminium or aluminum alloy melting also are incubated to 680 ℃～780 ℃, in molten aluminium, add the viscosity increaser Ca that accounts for its total mass 0.5%～5%, in 2～20 minutes stirring and evenly mixing reaction times, make melt viscosity stable; Upwards go on foot in the molten aluminium that increases under the heat-retaining condition after glutinous and add the titanium hydride that accounts for its total mass 0.5%～4%, stir with 800 rev/mins～1200 rev/mins rotating speeds and make titanium hydride in melt, fully disperse mixing; Disperse whipping process to finish after 5～90 seconds, the melt foam in growth process is sprayed water, spraying or air cooling way cool off until solidifying, and obtains to have the foamed aluminium of porosity gradient and the lightweight energy absorber of foam aluminium alloy.Titanium hydride is that granularity is between 150 order to 300 orders, 150 ℃～350 ℃ of treatment temps, treatment time are 2 hours～12 hours high temperature oxidation pre-treatment titanium hydride.Have porosity gradient or distribute at the height of the stress height of realizing the foamed aluminium interior porosity that distributes in the direction that withstands shocks, the porosity gradient variation range is at 0.02～0.2/cm.Water spray intensity is 0.05L/ (s * m
2)～1.2L/ (s * m
2).Spray intensity is 0.01L/ (s * m
2)～0.05L/ (s * m
2).When adopting air cooling way to cool off, the air cooling wind speed is less than 12m/s.
It is the motivating force of aluminium and aluminium alloy melt foamed that titanium hydride decomposes generation gas, can regulate hydrogen resolution characteristic (see figure 1) by titanium hydride being carried out oxide treatment, and then can regulate the evolution process that aluminium and aluminium alloy melt foamed are grown up, determined the process that melt inner spherical hole develops to changeable shape hole and the change procedure of foam melt porosity.
The porous foam structure of foam melt causes its lower thermal conduction capability, in the melt foam is caught a cold process, outside melt foam is subjected to stronger cooling effect and solidifies, thereby kept initial pore texture uniformly, and the low thermal conduction characteristic of foam melt makes its more inner foam still remain liquid state, the lasting decomposition of whipping agent impels the further growth of internal foam melt mesopore to develop, after solidifying, obtain solid-state hole size and porosity and be greater than porosity and the aperture that part is solidified in the outside earlier, form foam aluminum or aluminum alloy (see figure 2) with gradient porosity and pore structure thereby grow up and solidify under the evolution effect of intercoupling at foam.
The present invention obtains following technique effect:
1, the present invention is by the oxide treatment to the titanium hydride whipping agent, realized control to the differentiation of melt foam pore structure, porosity change speed and hole coarsening rate, still be in the stage of growing up at the foam melt, it is carried out the cooling of various ways and intensity, under the coupling of hole further growth and cooled and solidified effect, realize having the preparation of porosity gradient foam aluminum or aluminum alloy; This is the development of traditional foam melt method, and traditional in the past foam melt method has been realized the consistence control of porosity, and the present invention has realized the control of porosity gradient on this basis, has that technological process is simple, the technology reliable characteristics;
2, oxidizing temperature of titanium hydride (＜350 ℃) and time (2 hours) will be lower than existing achievement in research among the present invention, realized the slowly-releasing of hydrogen and determining of decomposition amount/time curve feature reliably, compared to have with prior art and raise the efficiency the advantage that cuts down the consumption of energy;
3, the closed-cell foam aluminum or aluminum alloy impact energy resorber that has porosity gradient; high porosity partly produces viscous deformation and absorbs energy under than the small energy impact condition; realize the isolation of low stress impact ripple; and under than macro-energy impact condition, be out of shape the absorption that realizes the large impact energy than the low porosity part; thereby guarantee that protected object should be able to descend the isolation of shock stress ripple and stablizing of energy absorption characteristics in large and small impact, this is the characteristic that existing conventional impact energy absorber and the foam aluminum or aluminum alloy with even pore texture do not have.
Four, description of drawings
Branch after Fig. 1 titanium hydride heated oxide is handled is explained the hydrogen curve;
Fig. 2 has porosity, pore structure gradient foam aluminum or aluminum alloy sectional view;
Fig. 3 has the foam aluminum or aluminum alloy pore structure figure of porosity, pore structure gradient;
Fig. 4 has the sandwich structure of stratiform porosity gradient, successively decreases from center to periphery along direction of arrow porosity.
Five, embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of foaming preparation has the method for graded pore structure closed-cell foam metal, may further comprise the steps:
The first step: aluminium and aluminium alloy are put into punching block are heated to fusing, add be equivalent to aluminium alloy add-on (weight percent) 0.5%～5% calcium as viscosity increaser, 2～20 minutes stirring reaction time, stirring velocity can be 300～600rpm; Add 0.5%～5% the titanium hydride of handling through heated oxide be equivalent to aluminium and aluminium alloy weight again, stirred 20～100 seconds, make titanium hydride homodisperse in melt, propose agitator then with the speed of 800～5000rpm;
Wherein, aluminium alloy can make the casting Alar, as ZL101, and ZL102, the ZL111 series alloy, also can make casting Al-Cu is alloy, as ZL201, ZL202, the ZL205 series alloy also can make main cupric or main siliceous wrought aluminium alloy, and adding the later stirring velocity of titanium hydride is 3000rpm, 2000rpm, 1600rpm, 1200rpm, 1000rpm, corresponding churning time is 30s, 45s, 60s, 80s, 90s;
Wherein titanium hydride can be at 350 ℃, and 300 ℃, 280 ℃, 260 ℃ of heat treated 0.5 hour, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours; Selecting that for bigger porosity gradient distribution (0.2/cm) whipping agent is carried out the low temperature short period of time handles, for example 260 ℃ of heat treated are 0.5 hour, it is fast that release in the fast process of cooling of hydrogen speed inboard melt foam coarsening rate this moment, inboard foam has bigger growth in the process of cooling, thereby forms the high porosity gradient; In contrast, distribute (0.05/cm) for less porosity gradient, select whipping agent through the high temperature long time treatment, for example 350 ℃ of heat treated are 2 hours.
Second step: after the dispersion foam melt is incubated, the foam melt that to grow up is then put into refrigerating unit, under different cooling intensity, the punching block bottom is cooled off, the type of cooling can be water spray cooling, spray cooling, air-cooled, and the cooling back forms the closed-cell foam aluminum or aluminum alloy that the bottom raises to the top porosity gradient;
Wherein soaking time can be 10 seconds, 15 seconds, 20 seconds, the water spray cooling intensity can be 0.05L/ (s * m
2), 0.1L/ (s * m
2), 0.2L/ (s * m
2), 0.4L/ (s * m
2), 0.6L/ (s * m
2), 0.8L/ (s * m
2), 1.0L/ (s * m
2), 1.2L/ (s * m
2), spray intensity can be 0.01L/ (s * m
2), 0.02L/ (s * m
2), 0.03L/ (s * m
2), 0.04L/ (s * m
2), 0.05L/ (s * m
2), the air cooling wind speed can be 4,6,8,10,12m/s, for example, adopts stronger cooling intensity 1.0L/ (s * m in insulation after the dispersion after 15 seconds
2) can obtain less mean porosities (＜70%) and obtain lower porosity gradient (0.05/cm); Also can reduce cooling intensity 0.4L/ (s * m
2), to obtain higher porosity gradient (0.2/cm).
Wherein porosity is the shared volume ratio in foam aluminum or aluminum alloy mesoporosity, promptly
Porosity=hole volume/foamed aluminium or Al-alloy products volume
Porosity gradient is the variation of porosity under the unit length in the foam aluminum or aluminum alloy, promptly
Porosity gradient=△ porosity/length
Embodiment 2: a kind of foaming preparation has the method for graded pore structure closed-cell foam metal, may further comprise the steps:
The first step: aluminium and aluminium alloy are put into punching block are heated to fusing, add be equivalent to aluminium alloy add-on (weight percent) 0.5%～5% calcium as viscosity increaser, 2～20 minutes stirring reaction time, stirring velocity can be 300～600rpm; Add 0.5%～5% the titanium hydride of handling through heated oxide be equivalent to aluminium and aluminium alloy weight again, stirred 20～100 seconds, make titanium hydride homodisperse in melt, propose agitator then with the speed of 800～5000rpm;
Wherein, aluminium alloy can make the casting Alar, as ZL101, and ZL102, the ZL111 series alloy, also can make casting Al-Cu is alloy, as ZL201, ZL202, the ZL205 series alloy also can make main cupric or main siliceous wrought aluminium alloy, and adding the later stirring velocity of titanium hydride is 3000rpm, 2000rpm, 1600rpm, 1200rpm, 1000rpm, corresponding churning time is 30s, 45s, 60s, 80s, 90s;
Wherein titanium hydride can be at 350 ℃, and 300 ℃, 280 ℃, 260 ℃ of heat treated 0.5 hour, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours;
Second step: after the dispersion foam melt is incubated, the foam melt that to grow up is then put into refrigerating unit, under different cooling intensity, cool off around the punching block, the type of cooling can be water spray cooling, spray cooling, air-cooled, the closed-cell foam aluminum or aluminum alloy that raises to the core porosity gradient around the cooling back forms;
Wherein soaking time can be 10 seconds, 15 seconds, 20 seconds, the water spray cooling intensity can be 0.05L/ (s * m
2), 0.1L/ (s * m
2), 0.2L/ (s * m
2), 0.4L/ (s * m
2), 0.6L/ (s * m
2), 0.8L/ (s * m
2), 1.0L/ (s * m
2), 1.2L/ (s * m
2), spray intensity can be 0.01L/ (s * m
2), 0.02L/ (s * m
2), 0.03L/ (s * m
2), 0.04L/ (s * m
2), 0.05L/ (s * m
2), the air cooling wind speed can be 4,6,8,10,12m/s.
Embodiment 3:
The foamed aluminium block that will have stratiform porosity distribution gradient is as lightweight impact energy resorber, and wherein the part that porosity is high realizes the smooth absorption of impact energy in the face of impact direction;
Embodiment 4:
To have foamed aluminium cylinder with core porosity distribution gradient as lightweight columnar structure spare, when being subjected to bending load, the peripheral part that porosity is low is tackled heavily stressed range of distribution, the core high porosity is partly tackled the low-stress range of distribution, the coupling of material property and stand under load realizes maximum lighting (Fig. 4) under the realization bending load.
Claims (1)
1. one kind prepares the method with graded pore structure closed-cell aluminum foam or Al-alloy products, it is characterized in that preparation process is:
A. metallic aluminium or aluminum alloy melting also are incubated to 680 ℃～780 ℃, in molten aluminium, add the viscosity increaser Ca that accounts for its total mass 0.5%～5%, in 2～20 minutes stirring and evenly mixing reaction times, make melt viscosity stable;
B. upwards go on foot in the molten aluminium that increases under the heat-retaining condition after glutinous and add the titanium hydride that accounts for its total mass 0.5%～4%, stir with 800 rev/mins～1200 rev/mins rotating speeds and make titanium hydride in melt, fully disperse mixing; Described titanium hydride is that granularity is between 150 order to 300 orders, 150 ℃～350 ℃ of treatment temps, treatment time are 2 hours～12 hours high temperature oxidation pre-treatment titanium hydride;
C. disperse whipping process to finish after 5～90 seconds, melt foam in growth process is sprayed water, spraying or air cooling way cool off until solidifying, acquisition has the foamed aluminium of porosity gradient and the lightweight energy absorber of foam aluminium alloy, described goods have porosity gradient or distribute at the height of the stress height of realizing the foamed aluminium interior porosity that distributes in the direction that withstands shocks, the porosity gradient variation range is at 0.02～0.2/cm, and adopting the intensity of water spray during cooling is 0.05L/ (s * m
2)～1.2L/ (s * m
2), the intensity when adopting the spray cooling mode is 0.01L/ (s * m
2)～0.05L/ (s * m
2), the air cooling wind speed when adopting air cooling way to cool off is less than 12m/s.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007100251298A CN100482821C (en) | 2007-07-13 | 2007-07-13 | Method for preparing foam aluminum and alloy product with closed gradient pore structure |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007100251298A CN100482821C (en) | 2007-07-13 | 2007-07-13 | Method for preparing foam aluminum and alloy product with closed gradient pore structure |
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| CN101086043A CN101086043A (en) | 2007-12-12 |
| CN100482821C true CN100482821C (en) | 2009-04-29 |
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| CN103266244B (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2015-12-09 | 东南大学 | A kind of aluminium-magnesium-calcium alloy foam and preparation method thereof |
| CN103555984B (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2015-04-01 | 上海交通大学 | Gradient-density metal foam with through holes and preparation method thereof |
| CN104711446A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2015-06-17 | 哈尔滨顺畅工程技术咨询有限公司 | Foamed aluminum preparation technology |
| CN105886821B (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2017-07-18 | 中南大学 | A kind of gradient of porosity consecutive variations POROUS TUNGSTEN base and preparation method |
| CN106399737A (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2017-02-15 | 郑州峰泰纳米材料有限公司 | Preparation method of small-aperture foamed aluminium |
| CN108330415B (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2020-04-03 | 安徽省一鸣新材料科技有限公司 | Foamed aluminum for shielding gamma rays and preparation method thereof |
| CN111101012B (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2021-03-30 | 太原理工大学 | Preparation method of closed-cell gradient foam material |
| CN112239819B (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-09-07 | 东南大学 | Foam strength gradient design method based on aluminum-copper alloy |
| CN113234953B (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2022-02-11 | 东北大学 | Preparation device and method of continuous density gradient foamed aluminum |
| CN113305282B (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2022-08-26 | 山东高速高新材料科技有限公司 | Foamed aluminum production process based on electrified production equipment |
| CN113423244B (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2022-06-21 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method and application of aluminum-based liquid cooling heat dissipation structure |
| CN114438364A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-05-06 | 辽宁融达新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of foamed aluminum wave-absorbing material and special air cooling and spraying device |
| CN115029575B (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2023-03-17 | 河北大学 | In-situ preparation method of gradient porous composite material |
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2007
- 2007-07-13 CN CNB2007100251298A patent/CN100482821C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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