CN106995888B - A method of foam aluminium alloy is prepared using melt liquid level shearing process - Google Patents
A method of foam aluminium alloy is prepared using melt liquid level shearing process Download PDFInfo
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- CN106995888B CN106995888B CN201610051526.1A CN201610051526A CN106995888B CN 106995888 B CN106995888 B CN 106995888B CN 201610051526 A CN201610051526 A CN 201610051526A CN 106995888 B CN106995888 B CN 106995888B
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- aluminium alloy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
- C22C1/081—Casting porous metals into porous preform skeleton without foaming
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for preparing foam aluminium alloy using melt liquid level shearing process, aluminium alloy melt is viscosified, the aluminium alloy melt of thickening is sheared by surface high speed dispersion, manufactures gas-liquid mixed foams, it is drawn through foam, crystallization and freezing, obtains foam aluminium alloy structural material.The present invention reaches Efficient Adhesive Promotion to melt alloying using tackifier；Gas liquid mixture is manufactured using blender or disperser high speed shear, to form foaming structure.Foaming structure form is controlled by blender or disperser structure and cutter shearing line speed, to obtain the foam aluminium alloy of different foam structures, different densities.It is an advantage of the current invention that process is simply controllable, the excessive oxidation of foaming structure ontology is significantly avoided, structural body macroscopic cracking is formed, improve the mechanical property of foam aluminium alloy.Simple process is greatly shortened the process cycle of common foamed aluminium manufacture, reduces production cost, significantly improve economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material processing fields, prepare foam using melt liquid level shearing process more particularly, to a kind of
The method of aluminium alloy.
Background technique
Combination of the porous foam metal as stomata phase and metal phase shows difference due to the particularity of its structure
In the property of compact metal, have lightweight, large specific surface area, high specific strength, damping vibration attenuation, sound absorption sound insulation, energy absorption,
The physical characteristics such as electromagnetic shielding.The excellent physical and mechanical properties of foamed aluminium make it as functional material and structural material for navigating
The fields such as empty aerospace industry, traffic transport industry, building industry.The porosity of foamed aluminium is generally 40%~90%, and density is about
It is 0.1~0.6 times of aluminium.Just because of keep its density lower containing a large amount of hole in foamed aluminium, the yield strength of foamed aluminium
Much smaller than the yield strength of fine and close aluminum alloy materials, but its specific strength with higher, specific stiffness.Since the compression of foamed aluminium is special
Property in there is large range of yield point elongation section, response lag is in stress, so can consume in deformation process a large amount of
Function makes foamed aluminium have good energy absorption capability, is the ideal material of protecting against shock and buffering.Meanwhile foamed aluminium can be made
For sound-absorbing, quieter material.According to the difference of pore structure, foam metal can be divided into two kinds of through-hole, closed pore.Through-hole refer to hilum with
It is interconnected between adjacent hole；It is mutually indepedent, seal itself that closed pore, which then refers between each hilum,.Closed-cell foam metal material
Material has better intensity, has wider purposes because it has both structural material and functional material characteristic.
Experienced the research and development of many decades, nowadays the preparation method of foamed aluminium there are many, and with technology into
Step, production cost are also constantly reducing, some preparation methods can be with business application.The main preparation methods of closed-cell aluminum foam
Have: foaming agent foam melt method, melt gas injection foaming and powder metallurgic method.These types of method has the shortcomings that respective, use
For the foamed aluminium of foaming agent method production because the porosity and aperture are small, density is big, has good mechanical property and bubble structure, but
Technical process is more complicated.The foamed aluminium material of powder metallurgic method production has more excellent performance, but technical process is more
Complexity, it is at high cost.Although the foamed aluminium material of both the above method production can significantly improve mechanical property by process modification.But
It is not only at high cost since process limits, but also it is difficult to realize large scale continuous production.Insufflation can with relative to it is low at
The wide cut foam aluminum deck of this production semi continuous, product gas porosity and aperture are larger, and density is small.But production process is because of alloy
Change and the thickening particle of high-content, oxidative phenomena etc. caused by high temperature foams, cause product bubble structure and mechanical property compared with
Difference.Therefore, seek new foamed aluminium preparation method, to improve production efficiency, reduce preparation cost, raising material property as new
The goal in research of technology.
Summary of the invention
Melt liquid level is used it is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide a kind of
The method that shearing process prepares foam aluminium alloy, the method for the present invention can be melted under conditions of not having to foaming agent, not gas injection
Body foaming prepares closed pore, half closed pore foamed Al-allov.The method of the present invention, which is not only simplified, carries out foam aluminium alloy using melt
The technique of preparation also avoids the adverse effect that insufflation prepares foam aluminium alloy excessive oxidation, improves foam aluminium alloy
Intensity and plasticity.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A method of foam aluminium alloy is prepared using melt liquid level shearing process, aluminium alloy melt is viscosified, it will
The aluminium alloy melt of thickening is sheared by surface high speed dispersion, manufactures gas-liquid mixed foams, is drawn through foam, crystallization and freezing,
Obtain foam aluminium alloy structural material.Specifically includes the following steps:
(1) melt aluminium alloy, and into aluminium alloy melt be added silicon, magnesium, calcium to adjust al alloy component so that silicon, magnesium,
Mass fraction of the calcium in the final compound high-viscosity melt of gained is respectively 3-9%, 1-3%, 0.5-3%；Silicon, magnesium, calcium is added
Effect be on the one hand to improve the viscosity of aluminium alloy melt, on the other hand improve the wellability between melt and tackifier；
(2) continue to add tackifier into step (1) gained aluminium alloy melt, it is molten that strong stirring obtains compound high viscosity
Body, in compound high-viscosity melt, tackifier mass fraction is 5~20%；
(3) by surface high speed shear, gas-liquid mixed foams are manufactured, are drawn through foam, crystallization and freezing, foamed aluminium is obtained
Alloy structure material.
The tackifier are silicon carbide or aluminium oxide.
Surface high speed shear refers at a temperature of 680-750 DEG C in step (3), applies revolving speed stirring in 200-1000rpm
It mixes.The tool used when high speed shear passes through transformation blender or disperser structure and its shear line for blender or disperser
Speed obtains the foamed aluminium of different foam structures, different densities.The stirring-head or disperser can have different structure.
Foam extraction is to be drawn the foam in gas-liquid mixed foams in the way of drawing or is mechanically operated in step (3)
Out.
Solidified using room temperature crystallization and freezing or decrease temperature crystalline in step (3), when being solidified using decrease temperature crystalline, using air-cooled or
Water-cooled cooling makes the very fast crystallization and freezing of foams to improve cooling rate.
Gas injection or not gas injection into melt during surface high speed shear described in step (3).
To reduce oxidation, foamed alloy structure obdurability is improved, the surface high speed shear process described in step (3) can be with
It is carried out under the inert atmosphere protections such as nitrogen, argon gas.
Surface high speed shear described in step (3) includes surface high speed shear and shallow-layer high speed shear, and described is shallow
Layer refers to that stirring or dispersal device insertion melt reach submergence or half submerged state.
In the present invention, the aluminium alloy can be replaced by magnesium alloy, kirsite, copper alloy.I.e. the method for the present invention can answer
Preparation for the low close foaming structure of a variety of alloy systems such as aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, kirsite, copper alloy.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) present invention forms gas-liquid mixed foam by the stirring shearing of disperser surface using the aluminium alloy melt of thickening
Body prepares foam aluminium alloy.Relative to existing foaming agent or inflating method, simple process, save the cost improves economy.
(2) relative to insufflation, the technique week of common foamed aluminium manufacture is greatly shortened in the method for the present invention simple process
Phase, the foam aluminium alloy of preparation avoid the formation of structural body macroscopic cracking, so that foam due to significantly shortening oxidation process
Aluminium alloy capability significantly improves.
(3) foam aluminium alloy form prepared by the present invention, foam shape, cell size are mainly by disperser structure, shearing
Linear velocity and the viscosity of melt determine.Foam aluminium alloy hole wall structure is complete, and foam aluminium alloy intensity can increase.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail combined with specific embodiments below.
Embodiment 1
Using A356 aluminium alloy, after melting in crucible, adds 1.5wt%Ca and 15wt%SiC and (refer both to finally to account for melt total
The mass fraction of quality), form Al-alloy tackifying fusant.At a temperature of 680-700 DEG C, existed using turbine agitator
It is stirred under the conditions of 500-600rpm, manufactures gas-liquid mixed foams, drawn through foam, crystallization and freezing, the foam density of acquisition
In 0.21-0.23g/cm2Between, the compressive strength of foamed aluminium is 1.1MPa.
Embodiment 2
After fine aluminium crucible melting, addition 5.5wt%Si, 1.0wt%Ca, 2.2wt%Mg and 18wt%SiC (are referred both to final
Account for the mass fraction of melt gross mass), form Al-alloy tackifying fusant.At a temperature of 690-710 DEG C, stirred using turbine type
It mixes device to stir under the conditions of 600-800rpm, manufactures gas-liquid mixed foams, drawn through foam, crystallization and freezing, the foam of acquisition
Aluminum density is in 0.23-0.26g/cm2Between, the compressive strength 1.2MPa of foamed aluminium.
Embodiment 3
A method of foam aluminium alloy is prepared using melt liquid level shearing process, aluminium alloy melt is viscosified, it will
The aluminium alloy melt of thickening is sheared by surface high speed dispersion, manufactures gas-liquid mixed foams, is drawn through foam, crystallization and freezing,
Obtain foam aluminium alloy structural material.Specifically includes the following steps:
(1) melt fine aluminium, and silicon, magnesium, calcium is added to adjust al alloy component into aluminium alloy melt；So that silicon, magnesium, calcium
Mass fraction in the final compound high-viscosity melt of gained is respectively 9%, 3%, 3%；The effect that silicon, magnesium, calcium is added is
On the one hand the viscosity of aluminium alloy melt is improved, the wellability between melt and tackifier is on the other hand improved；
(2) continue to add tackifier silicon carbide into step (1) gained aluminium alloy melt, strong stirring obtains compound high viscous
Melt is spent, in compound high-viscosity melt, tackifier mass fraction is 20%.
(3) (referred at a temperature of 750 DEG C, apply revolving speed in the stirring of 1000rpm) by surface high speed shear, manufacture gas
Foam in gas-liquid mixed foams is drawn in the way of mechanically operated, is crystallized using water-cooled cooling by liquid mix-froth body
Solidification obtains foam aluminium alloy structural material.
Surface high speed shear includes surface high speed shear and shallow-layer high speed shear in step (3), and shallow-layer refers to stirring or divides
Insertion melt in bulk of setting reaches submergence or half submerged state.The tool used when high speed shear passes through for blender or disperser
Transformation blender or disperser structure and its cutter shearing line speed obtain the foamed aluminium of different foam structures, different densities.Described
Stirring-head or disperser can have different structure.To reduce oxidation, foamed alloy structure obdurability is improved, step (3) surface is high
Fast shear history is carried out under the inert atmosphere protections such as nitrogen, argon gas.To molten during the high speed shear of surface in step (3)
Internal gas injection or not gas injection.
The foam density that the present embodiment obtains is 0.23g/cm2, the compressive strength 1.5MPa of foamed aluminium.
Embodiment 4
A method of foam aluminium alloy is prepared using melt liquid level shearing process, aluminium alloy melt is viscosified, it will
The aluminium alloy melt of thickening is sheared by surface high speed dispersion, manufactures gas-liquid mixed foams, is drawn through foam, crystallization and freezing,
Obtain foam aluminium alloy structural material.Specifically includes the following steps:
(1) melt aluminium alloy, and silicon, magnesium, calcium is added to adjust al alloy component into aluminium alloy melt；So that silicon, magnesium,
Mass fraction of the calcium in the final compound high-viscosity melt of gained is respectively 3%, 1%, 0.5%；The effect of silicon, magnesium, calcium is added
It is on the one hand to improve the viscosity of aluminium alloy melt, on the other hand improves the wellability between melt and tackifier；
(2) continue to add tackifier aluminium oxide into step (1) gained aluminium alloy melt, strong stirring obtains compound high viscous
Melt is spent, in compound high-viscosity melt, tackifier mass fraction is 5%；
(3) (referred at a temperature of 690 DEG C, apply revolving speed in the stirring of 200rpm) by surface high speed shear, manufacture gas
Foam in gas-liquid mixed foams is drawn, using room temperature crystallization and freezing in the way of traction, is obtained by liquid mix-froth body
Foam aluminium alloy structural material.
Surface high speed shear includes surface high speed shear and shallow-layer high speed shear in step (3), and shallow-layer refers to stirring or divides
Insertion melt in bulk of setting reaches submergence or half submerged state.The tool used when high speed shear passes through for blender or disperser
Transformation blender or disperser structure and its cutter shearing line speed obtain the foamed aluminium of different foam structures, different densities.Described
Stirring-head or disperser can have different structure.To reduce oxidation, foamed alloy structure obdurability is improved, step (3) surface is high
Fast shear history is carried out in atmospheric environment.It gas injection or is not infused into melt during the high speed shear of surface in step (3)
Gas.
The foam density that the present embodiment obtains is 0.27g/cm2, the compressive strength of foamed aluminium is 1.0MPa.
Embodiment 5
A method of foam aluminium alloy is prepared using melt liquid level shearing process, aluminium alloy melt is viscosified, it will
The aluminium alloy melt of thickening is sheared by surface high speed dispersion, manufactures gas-liquid mixed foams, is drawn through foam, crystallization and freezing,
Obtain foam aluminium alloy structural material.Specifically includes the following steps:
(1) melt aluminium alloy, and into aluminium alloy melt be added silicon, magnesium, calcium to adjust al alloy component so that silicon, magnesium,
Mass fraction of the calcium in the final compound high-viscosity melt of gained is respectively 6%, 2%, 1.5%；The effect of silicon, magnesium, calcium is added
It is on the one hand to improve the viscosity of aluminium alloy melt, on the other hand improves the wellability between melt and tackifier；
(2) continue to add tackifier aluminium oxide into step (1) gained aluminium alloy melt, strong stirring obtains compound high viscous
Melt is spent, in compound high-viscosity melt, tackifier mass fraction is 10%
(3) (referred at a temperature of 700 DEG C, apply revolving speed in the stirring of 600rpm) by surface high speed shear, manufacture gas
Foam in gas-liquid mixed foams is drawn in the way of mechanically operated, is crystallized using wind cooling temperature lowering by liquid mix-froth body
Solidification obtains foam aluminium alloy structural material.
Surface high speed shear includes surface high speed shear and shallow-layer high speed shear in step (3), and shallow-layer refers to stirring or divides
Insertion melt in bulk of setting reaches submergence or half submerged state.The tool used when high speed shear passes through for blender or disperser
Transformation blender or disperser structure and its cutter shearing line speed obtain the foamed aluminium of different foam structures, different densities.Described
Stirring-head or disperser can have different structure.To reduce oxidation, foamed alloy structure obdurability is improved, step (3) surface is high
Fast shear history is carried out under the inert atmosphere protections such as nitrogen, argon gas.To molten during the high speed shear of surface in step (3)
Internal gas injection or not gas injection.
The foam density that the present embodiment obtains is 0.22g/cm2, the compressive strength 1.3MPa of foamed aluminium.
Aluminium alloy in above embodiments can be replaced by magnesium alloy, kirsite, copper alloy.I.e. the method for the present invention can be applied
In the preparation of the low close foaming structure of a variety of alloy systems such as aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, kirsite, copper alloy.
The above description of the embodiments is intended to facilitate ordinary skill in the art to understand and use the invention.
Person skilled in the art obviously easily can make various modifications to these embodiments, and described herein general
Principle is applied in other embodiments without having to go through creative labor.Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, ability
Field technique personnel announcement according to the present invention, improvement and modification made without departing from the scope of the present invention all should be of the invention
Within protection scope.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method for preparing foam aluminium alloy using melt liquid level shearing process, which is characterized in that aluminium alloy melt into
Row thickening, the aluminium alloy melt of thickening is sheared by surface high speed dispersion, manufactures gas-liquid mixed foams, drawn through foam,
Crystallization and freezing obtains foam aluminium alloy structural material, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) melt aluminium alloy, and silicon, magnesium, calcium is added to adjust al alloy component, so that silicon, magnesium, calcium exist into aluminium alloy melt
Mass fraction in the final compound high-viscosity melt of gained is respectively 3-9%, 1-3%, 0.5-3%；
(2) continue to add tackifier into step (1) gained aluminium alloy melt, strong stirring obtains compound high-viscosity melt, multiple
It closes in high-viscosity melt, tackifier mass fraction is 5~20%；
(3) by surface high speed shear, gas-liquid mixed foams are manufactured, are drawn through foam, crystallization and freezing, foam aluminium alloy is obtained
Structural material；
The not gas injection into melt during surface high speed shear described in step (3).
2. a kind of method for preparing foam aluminium alloy using melt liquid level shearing process according to claim 1, feature
It is, the tackifier are silicon carbide or aluminium oxide.
3. a kind of method for preparing foam aluminium alloy using melt liquid level shearing process according to claim 1, feature
It is, surface high speed shear, which refers to, in step (3) applies revolving speed in the stirring of 200-1000rpm.
4. a kind of method for preparing foam aluminium alloy using melt liquid level shearing process according to claim 1, feature
It is, it is to be drawn the foam in gas-liquid mixed foams in the way of drawing or is mechanically operated that foam, which is drawn, in step (3).
5. a kind of method for preparing foam aluminium alloy using melt liquid level shearing process according to claim 1, feature
It is, is solidified in step (3) using room temperature crystallization and freezing or decrease temperature crystalline, when being solidified using decrease temperature crystalline, using air-cooled or water
Cold cooling.
6. a kind of method for preparing foam aluminium alloy using melt liquid level shearing process according to claim 1, feature
Be, surface high speed shear process described in step (3) carried out under inert atmosphere protection or step (3) described in surface it is high
Fast shear history is carried out in the case where not protecting.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610051526.1A CN106995888B (en) | 2016-01-26 | 2016-01-26 | A method of foam aluminium alloy is prepared using melt liquid level shearing process |
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| CN201610051526.1A CN106995888B (en) | 2016-01-26 | 2016-01-26 | A method of foam aluminium alloy is prepared using melt liquid level shearing process |
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| CN106995888B true CN106995888B (en) | 2018-12-18 |
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| CN107686911A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-02-13 | 安徽青花坊瓷业股份有限公司 | A kind of composition for being used to prepare ceramic cubbyhole |
| CN108326044B (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2020-04-07 | 东北大学 | Method for preparing foamed aluminum sandwich plate by liquid-phase mixed rolling and cladding |
| CN110438360B (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2021-05-25 | 北京康普锡威科技有限公司 | Preparation method of foamed aluminum or aluminum alloy material |
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| JP3349186B2 (en) * | 1993-01-12 | 2002-11-20 | 富士重工業株式会社 | Manufacturing method of aluminum foam products |
| CN103451492A (en) * | 2013-09-06 | 2013-12-18 | 丹阳市国美汽配有限公司 | Foamed aluminum material for vehicle bumper and preparation method thereof |
| CN104612566B (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2016-08-17 | 张旭 | A kind of fire resistant doorsets utilizing foamed aluminium to manufacture |
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