CN113234953B - Preparation device and method of continuous density gradient foamed aluminum - Google Patents
Preparation device and method of continuous density gradient foamed aluminum Download PDFInfo
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- CN113234953B CN113234953B CN202110313038.4A CN202110313038A CN113234953B CN 113234953 B CN113234953 B CN 113234953B CN 202110313038 A CN202110313038 A CN 202110313038A CN 113234953 B CN113234953 B CN 113234953B
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- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
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- C22C1/086—Gas foaming process
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Abstract
A device and a method for preparing continuous density gradient foamed aluminum belong to the technical field of metal foam materials, and the device comprises: the device comprises a crucible shell, a crucible partition plate, a liquid storage chamber, a liquid permeation hole, a foaming chamber, an air blowing pipe, a foam output pipe and an electromagnetic generator. The device is a continuous density gradient foamed aluminum preparation device with an electromagnetic generator, and by applying a vertical upward magnetic field, the surface of the air bubble can be subjected to radially inward Lorentz force, the air bubble can be compressed, the thickness of a liquid film is narrowed, and the air bubble is elongated, so that the time of the process of a liquid separation phenomenon is reduced, and the prepared foamed aluminum is good in uniformity and stability. Under the magnetic field of continuous distribution, the inhibition degree of the liquid separation phenomenon is adjusted by changing the magnetic field intensity, the breaking and combination of bubbles can be controlled, and the number of bubbles in unit volume is changed, so that the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal foam materials, and particularly relates to a device and a method for preparing continuous density gradient foamed aluminum.
Background
The continuous density gradient foamed aluminum as a novel functional-structural metal composite material has the characteristics of metal and air bubbles and has excellent physical and chemical properties. The continuous density gradient foamed aluminum has the advantages of small density, corrosion resistance, good electromagnetic shielding property, good sound insulation property and strong energy absorption property, is widely applied to various designs and manufacture, and becomes a research hotspot of the current society. At present, because the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum has better energy absorption performance, the social demand on the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum is very large, and how to prepare the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum meeting the expectation is a problem to be solved urgently.
The powder foaming method and the melt foaming method are two main methods for preparing the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum. The powder foaming method is to prepare the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum by heating a prefabricated block prepared by mixing aluminum powder and a foaming agent to the melting point and controlling the yield of gas generated by decomposition of the foaming agent. The melt foaming method is to add a foaming agent into an aluminum melt and obtain the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum by adjusting the foaming rate. The two methods have some defects, the uniformity and the pore size of bubbles can not be controlled during preparation, the foam density is not easy to control, and the obtained continuous density gradient foamed aluminum has poor stability, which directly influences the comprehensive performance of the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a device and a method for preparing continuous density gradient foamed aluminum, wherein in the process of preparing the foamed aluminum, due to a liquid separation phenomenon, liquid in a liquid film flows below bubbles under the action of capillary force and gravity to cause the bubbles to be crushed and combined. Under the magnetic field of continuous distribution, the inhibition degree of the liquid separation phenomenon is adjusted by changing the magnetic field intensity, the breaking and combination of bubbles can be controlled, and the number of bubbles in unit volume is changed, so that the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum is obtained. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a device for preparing continuous density gradient foamed aluminum comprises: the device comprises a crucible shell 1, a crucible partition plate 2, a liquid storage chamber 3, a liquid permeation hole 4, a foaming chamber 5, an air blowing pipe 6, a foam output pipe 7 and an electromagnetic generator 8;
the crucible shell 1 is internally isolated by a crucible partition plate 2 to form a liquid storage chamber 3 and a foaming chamber 5, and the crucible partition plate 2 is isolated from the bottom to leave a liquid permeation hole 4, so that the liquid storage chamber 3 is communicated with the foaming chamber 5 through the liquid permeation hole 4; the foaming chamber 5 is provided with an air blow pipe 6 at the middle part of the crucible shell 1 at the outer side; the foaming chamber 5 is connected with a foam output pipe 7 at the upper part of the crucible shell 1 at the outer side; an electromagnetic generator 8 is arranged on the foam output pipe 7;
the air blowing pipe 6 is obliquely and downwards arranged from the outside to the foaming chamber 5, and the lower end of the air blowing pipe extends to the bottom of the foaming chamber 5;
the number of the electromagnetic generators 8 is N, and N is more than or equal to 3;
a preparation method of continuous density gradient foamed aluminum adopts the preparation device of the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: injecting aluminum liquid into the liquid storage chamber 3, and allowing the aluminum liquid to flow into the foaming chamber 5 through the liquid permeation holes 4;
step 2: the injection amount of the aluminum liquid is that the interface of the aluminum liquid is parallel to the upper pipe wall of the foam output pipe 7, and then ceramic particles are added into the foaming chamber 5, wherein the addition amount of the ceramic particles accounts for 35-40% of the mass of all materials;
and step 3: after ceramic particles and aluminum liquid are uniformly mixed, forming a melt, and then blowing air into the foaming chamber 5 through the air blowing pipe 6 to form air bubbles;
and 4, step 4: and (3) rising bubbles to form foams at a melt interface, entering a foam output pipe 7, starting an electromagnetic generator 8, enabling the direction of a magnetic field to be vertical and upward, changing the intensity of the magnetic field, enabling the acting time to be 2-6 min, preparing foamed aluminum, and finally performing air cooling to normal temperature to obtain the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum.
In the step 2, the ceramic particles are TiB2；
In the step 2, the particle size of the ceramic particles is 5-10 μm;
in the step 4, the inner aperture of the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum is 5-15 mm, and the porosity is 75-90%;
in the step 4, the error of the inner aperture of the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum is less than or equal to 10 percent;
in the step 4, the magnetic field strength is gradually increased from 0T to 1T.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
firstly, the aluminum liquid is injected into the liquid storage chamber and flows into the foaming chamber through the liquid permeating holes. When the aluminum liquid is parallel to the foam output pipe, excessive ceramic particles are added into the foaming chamber, so that the produced foamed aluminum is easy to break. Then the air blowing pipe is used for blowing air to the foaming chamber, and after a period of time, the foam is increased and enters the foam output pipe. At this time, all the electromagnetic generators are turned on, and the magnetic field is directed vertically upward. The foam is broken due to the phenomenon of liquid separation and the contact with the wall surface in the collecting process, because the liquid in the liquid film flows to the lower part of the air bubble under the action of capillary force and gravity, the air bubble is broken and combined, the surface of the air bubble can be subjected to radial inward Lorentz force by applying a vertical upward magnetic field, the air bubble can be compressed, the thickness of the liquid film is narrowed, the air bubble is elongated, and the time of the process of the liquid separation phenomenon is reduced, so that the prepared foamed aluminum is good in uniformity and stability. Under the magnetic field of continuous distribution, the inhibition degree of the liquid separation phenomenon is adjusted by changing the magnetic field intensity, the breaking and combination of bubbles can be controlled, and the number of bubbles in unit volume is changed, so that the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum is obtained. The magnetic field can slow down the rising speed of the bubbles, so that the breaking degree of the bubbles is inhibited, and the inhibiting effect is obvious when the magnetic field is stronger. With several electromagnetic field generators, a gradually increasing, decreasing or other form of magnetic field can be provided so that the degree of crushing of the foamed aluminum is artificially controlled, thereby adjusting the density to obtain the foamed aluminum with a desired density.
Compared with the prior art, the device and the method for preparing the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum have the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the invention utilizes the phenomenon of liquid separation for the first time to prepare the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum, and the density is changed by changing the magnetic field intensity to influence the crushing degree of the foamed aluminum. The invention can effectively control the density of the foamed aluminum and can meet the actual production requirement.
The continuous density gradient foamed aluminum preparation device with the plurality of electromagnetic generators can control the density of bubbles in different regions, control the uniformity of the bubbles in different regions, adjust the thickness of a liquid film, and is simple in structure and high in production efficiency.
And thirdly, excessive ceramic particles are added, so that bubbles are easy to break, the process of changing the density is accelerated, and the efficiency is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a continuous density gradient foamed aluminum manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention, wherein: 1-crucible shell, 2-crucible partition board, 3-liquid storage chamber, 4-liquid permeable hole, 5-foaming chamber, 6-gas blowing pipe, 7-foam output pipe and 8-electromagnetic generator.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following description and the accompanying drawing 1, but the invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
A device for preparing continuous density gradient foamed aluminum, as shown in fig. 1, comprising: the device comprises a crucible shell 1, a crucible partition plate 2, a liquid storage chamber 3, a liquid permeation hole 4, a foaming chamber 5, an air blowing pipe 6, a foam output pipe 7 and an electromagnetic generator 8;
the crucible shell 1 is internally isolated by a crucible partition plate 2 to form a liquid storage chamber 3 and a foaming chamber 5, and the crucible partition plate 2 is isolated from the bottom to leave a liquid permeation hole 4, so that the liquid storage chamber 3 is communicated with the foaming chamber 5 through the liquid permeation hole 4; the foaming chamber 5 is provided with an air blow pipe 6 at the middle part of the crucible shell 1 at the outer side; the foaming chamber 5 is connected with a foam output pipe 7 at the upper part of the crucible shell 1 at the outer side; an electromagnetic generator 8 is arranged on the foam output pipe 7;
the air blowing pipe 6 is obliquely and downwards arranged from the outside to the foaming chamber 5, and the lower end of the air blowing pipe extends to the bottom of the foaming chamber 5;
the number of the electromagnetic generators 8 is 4;
a preparation method of continuous density gradient foamed aluminum adopts the preparation device of the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: injecting aluminum liquid into the liquid storage chamber 3, and allowing the aluminum liquid to flow into the foaming chamber 5 through the liquid permeation holes 4;
step 2: the injection amount of the aluminum liquid is that the interface of the aluminum liquid is parallel to the upper pipe wall of the foam output pipe 7, and then ceramic particles are added into the foaming chamber 5, wherein the addition amount of the ceramic particles accounts for 35 percent of the mass of all materials;
and step 3: after ceramic particles and aluminum liquid are uniformly mixed, forming a melt, and then blowing air into the foaming chamber 5 through the air blowing pipe 6 to form air bubbles;
and 4, step 4: the bubbles rise to form foams at a melt interface and enter a foam output pipe 7, then an electromagnetic generator 8 is started, the direction of the magnetic field is vertically upward, the intensity of the magnetic field is changed, the intensity of the electromagnetic field is gradually increased along the output direction of the foam output pipe 7, the intensity of the electromagnetic field is sequentially 0T, 0.3T, 0.6T and 1T, the action time is 2min, foamed aluminum is prepared, and finally, the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum is obtained after air cooling to the normal temperature.
In the step 2, the ceramic particles are TiB2；
In the step 2, the particle size of the ceramic particles is 5 μm;
the internal pore diameter of the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum prepared by the embodiment is 5-15 mm, and the porosity is 75-90%; the error of the internal pore diameter is less than or equal to 10 percent, and the deformation rate of the pores is approximately zero.
Example 2
A device for preparing continuous density gradient foamed aluminum, as shown in fig. 1, comprising: the device comprises a crucible shell 1, a crucible partition plate 2, a liquid storage chamber 3, a liquid permeation hole 4, a foaming chamber 5, an air blowing pipe 6, a foam output pipe 7 and an electromagnetic generator 8;
the crucible shell 1 is internally isolated by a crucible partition plate 2 to form a liquid storage chamber 3 and a foaming chamber 5, and the crucible partition plate 2 is isolated from the bottom to leave a liquid permeation hole 4, so that the liquid storage chamber 3 is communicated with the foaming chamber 5 through the liquid permeation hole 4; the foaming chamber 5 is provided with an air blow pipe 6 at the middle part of the crucible shell 1 at the outer side; the foaming chamber 5 is connected with a foam output pipe 7 at the upper part of the crucible shell 1 at the outer side; an electromagnetic generator 8 is arranged on the foam output pipe 7;
the air blowing pipe 6 is obliquely and downwards arranged from the outside to the foaming chamber 5, and the lower end of the air blowing pipe extends to the bottom of the foaming chamber 5;
the number of the electromagnetic generators 8 is 4;
a preparation method of continuous density gradient foamed aluminum adopts the preparation device of the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: injecting aluminum liquid into the liquid storage chamber 3, and allowing the aluminum liquid to flow into the foaming chamber 5 through the liquid permeation holes 4;
step 2: the injection amount of the aluminum liquid is that the interface of the aluminum liquid is parallel to the upper pipe wall of the foam output pipe 7, and then ceramic particles are added into the foaming chamber 5, wherein the addition amount of the ceramic particles is 40 percent of the mass of all materials;
and step 3: after ceramic particles and aluminum liquid are uniformly mixed, forming a melt, and then blowing air into the foaming chamber 5 through the air blowing pipe 6 to form air bubbles;
and 4, step 4: the bubbles rise to form foams at a melt interface and enter a foam output pipe 7, then an electromagnetic generator 8 is started, the direction of the magnetic field is vertically upward, the intensity of the magnetic field is changed, the intensity of the electromagnetic field is gradually increased along the output direction of the foam output pipe 7, the intensity of the electromagnetic field is sequentially 0T, 0.3T, 0.6T and 1T, the action time is 6min, foamed aluminum is prepared, and finally, the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum is obtained after air cooling to the normal temperature.
In the step 2, the ceramic particles are TiB2；
In the step 2, the particle size of the ceramic particles is 10 μm;
the internal pore diameter of the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum prepared by the embodiment is 5-15 mm, and the porosity is 75-90%; the error of the internal pore diameter is less than or equal to 10 percent, and the deformation rate of the pores is approximately zero.
Example 3
A device for preparing continuous density gradient foamed aluminum, as shown in fig. 1, comprising: the device comprises a crucible shell 1, a crucible partition plate 2, a liquid storage chamber 3, a liquid permeation hole 4, a foaming chamber 5, an air blowing pipe 6, a foam output pipe 7 and an electromagnetic generator 8;
the crucible shell 1 is internally isolated by a crucible partition plate 2 to form a liquid storage chamber 3 and a foaming chamber 5, and the crucible partition plate 2 is isolated from the bottom to leave a liquid permeation hole 4, so that the liquid storage chamber 3 is communicated with the foaming chamber 5 through the liquid permeation hole 4; the foaming chamber 5 is provided with an air blow pipe 6 at the middle part of the crucible shell 1 at the outer side; the foaming chamber 5 is connected with a foam output pipe 7 at the upper part of the crucible shell 1 at the outer side; an electromagnetic generator 8 is arranged on the foam output pipe 7;
the air blowing pipe 6 is obliquely and downwards arranged from the outside to the foaming chamber 5, and the lower end of the air blowing pipe extends to the bottom of the foaming chamber 5;
the number of the electromagnetic generators 8 is 4;
a preparation method of continuous density gradient foamed aluminum adopts the preparation device of the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: injecting aluminum liquid into the liquid storage chamber 3, and allowing the aluminum liquid to flow into the foaming chamber 5 through the liquid permeation holes 4;
step 2: the injection amount of the aluminum liquid is that the interface of the aluminum liquid is parallel to the upper pipe wall of the foam output pipe 7, and then ceramic particles are added into the foaming chamber 5, wherein the addition amount of the ceramic particles is 38 percent of the mass of all materials;
and step 3: after ceramic particles and aluminum liquid are uniformly mixed, forming a melt, and then blowing air into the foaming chamber 5 through the air blowing pipe 6 to form air bubbles;
and 4, step 4: the bubbles rise to form foams at a melt interface and enter a foam output pipe 7, then an electromagnetic generator 8 is started, the direction of the magnetic field is vertically upward, the intensity of the magnetic field is changed, the intensity of the electromagnetic field is gradually increased along the output direction of the foam output pipe 7, the intensity of the electromagnetic field is sequentially 0T, 0.3T, 0.6T and 1T, the action time is 4min, foamed aluminum is prepared, and finally, the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum is obtained after air cooling to the normal temperature.
In the step 2, the ceramic particles are TiB2；
In the step 2, the particle size of the ceramic particles is 7 μm;
the internal pore diameter of the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum prepared by the embodiment is 5-15 mm, and the porosity is 75-90%; the error of the internal pore diameter is less than or equal to 10 percent, and the deformation rate of the pores is approximately zero.
Example 4
A device for preparing continuous density gradient foamed aluminum, as shown in fig. 1, comprising: the device comprises a crucible shell 1, a crucible partition plate 2, a liquid storage chamber 3, a liquid permeation hole 4, a foaming chamber 5, an air blowing pipe 6, a foam output pipe 7 and an electromagnetic generator 8;
the crucible shell 1 is internally isolated by a crucible partition plate 2 to form a liquid storage chamber 3 and a foaming chamber 5, and the crucible partition plate 2 is isolated from the bottom to leave a liquid permeation hole 4, so that the liquid storage chamber 3 is communicated with the foaming chamber 5 through the liquid permeation hole 4; the foaming chamber 5 is provided with an air blow pipe 6 at the middle part of the crucible shell 1 at the outer side; the foaming chamber 5 is connected with a foam output pipe 7 at the upper part of the crucible shell 1 at the outer side; an electromagnetic generator 8 is arranged on the foam output pipe 7;
the air blowing pipe 6 is obliquely and downwards arranged from the outside to the foaming chamber 5, and the lower end of the air blowing pipe extends to the bottom of the foaming chamber 5;
the number of the electromagnetic generators 8 is 4;
a preparation method of continuous density gradient foamed aluminum adopts the preparation device of the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: injecting aluminum liquid into the liquid storage chamber 3, and allowing the aluminum liquid to flow into the foaming chamber 5 through the liquid permeation holes 4;
step 2: the injection amount of the aluminum liquid is that the interface of the aluminum liquid is parallel to the upper pipe wall of the foam output pipe 7, and then ceramic particles are added into the foaming chamber 5, wherein the addition amount of the ceramic particles accounts for 36 percent of the mass of all materials;
and step 3: after ceramic particles and aluminum liquid are uniformly mixed, forming a melt, and then blowing air into the foaming chamber 5 through the air blowing pipe 6 to form air bubbles;
and 4, step 4: the bubbles rise to form foams at a melt interface and enter a foam output pipe 7, then an electromagnetic generator 8 is started, the direction of the magnetic field is vertically upward, the intensity of the magnetic field is changed, the intensity of the electromagnetic field is gradually increased along the output direction of the foam output pipe 7, the intensity of the electromagnetic field is sequentially 0T, 0.3T, 0.6T and 1T, the action time is 5min, foamed aluminum is prepared, and finally, the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum is obtained after air cooling to normal temperature.
In the step 2, the ceramic particles are TiB2；
In the step 2, the particle size of the ceramic particles is 8 μm;
the internal pore diameter of the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum prepared by the embodiment is 5-15 mm, and the porosity is 75-90%; the error of the internal pore diameter is less than or equal to 10 percent, and the deformation rate of the pores is approximately zero.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preparing continuous density gradient foamed aluminum is characterized in that a device for preparing the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum is adopted, and the device comprises the following steps: the device comprises a crucible shell (1), a crucible partition plate (2), a liquid storage chamber (3), liquid permeable holes (4), a foaming chamber (5), an air blowing pipe (6), a foam output pipe (7) and an electromagnetic generator (8);
a liquid storage chamber (3) and a foaming chamber (5) are formed in the crucible shell (1) through the separation of a crucible partition plate (2); a liquid permeable hole (4) is reserved at the isolated bottom of the crucible partition plate (2), so that the liquid storage chamber (3) is communicated with the foaming chamber (5) through the liquid permeable hole (4); the foaming chamber (5) is provided with an air blow pipe (6) at the middle part of the crucible shell (1) at the outer side; the foaming chamber (5) is connected with a foam output pipe (7) at the upper part of the crucible shell (1) at the outer side; the air blowing pipe (6) is obliquely and downwards arranged from the outside to the foaming chamber (5), and the lower end of the air blowing pipe extends to the bottom of the foaming chamber (5); an electromagnetic generator (8) is arranged on the foam output pipe (7); the number of the electromagnetic generators (8) is N, and N is more than or equal to 3;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: injecting aluminum liquid into the liquid storage chamber (3), wherein the aluminum liquid flows into the foaming chamber (5) through the liquid permeation holes (4);
step 2: the injection amount of the aluminum liquid is that the interface of the aluminum liquid is parallel to the upper pipe wall of the foam output pipe (7), and then ceramic particles are added into the foaming chamber (5), wherein the addition amount of the ceramic particles accounts for 35-40% of the mass of all materials;
and step 3: after ceramic particles and aluminum liquid are uniformly mixed, forming a melt, and then blowing air into the foaming chamber (5) through an air blowing pipe (6) to form air bubbles;
and 4, step 4: and (3) rising bubbles to form foams at a melt interface, entering a foam output pipe (7), starting an electromagnetic generator (8), enabling the direction of a magnetic field to be vertical and upward, changing the intensity of the magnetic field, acting for 2-6 min, preparing foamed aluminum, and finally air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2, the ceramic particles are TiB2。
3. The method for preparing continuous density gradient foamed aluminum according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the grain size of the ceramic particles is 5-10 μm.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4, the inner pore diameter of the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum is 5-15 mm, and the porosity is 75-90%.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the error of the inner pore diameter of the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum in step 4 is less than or equal to 10%.
6. The method for preparing the continuous density gradient foamed aluminum according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the magnetic field intensity is gradually increased from 0T to 1T.
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