CN101121999A - Method for continuously casting titanium alloy near single-crystal ingot by using electromagnetic cold crucible - Google Patents
Method for continuously casting titanium alloy near single-crystal ingot by using electromagnetic cold crucible Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method of continuously founding the titanium alloy to be close to an single crystal ingot with a magnetic field belongs to a method of making the titanium alloy to be close to the single crystal ingot. The method solves the problem that the container material is easy to pollute the alloy and thus affect the physical and mechanical performances of the single crystal alloy during preparation of single crystal in the current directional solidification methods. The procedures of the invention are as follows: 1. vacuum pumping is conducted in a furnace (4), and then argon is re-charged. 2. induction coils (3) are arranged out of a water-cooled copper crucible (2), and spread on the outer surface of the water-cooled copper crucible (2). 3. a material rod (3) enters into the induction coils (3), the titanium alloy charge enters into the cavity of the water-cooled copper crucible (2), and the diameter of the upper part of the charge is small. 4. After heating, pulling is conducted, the feeding speed must strictly match with the pulling action; a rod enters into a crystallizer (9); the material rod forms close single crystal after pulling, and obtains the single crystal ingot after processing the outer layer. The invention realizes high-grade, high-efficiency, safety, special and low-cost single crystal preparation method for the titanium alloy material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of titanium alloy single crystal rod.
Background technology
Monocrystalline is meant the material that a crystal grain is formed, and is the growth of suitably controlling crystal grain, finally grows into the crystal structure of being made up of a crystal grain.Owing to wholely be organized as a crystal grain, no crystal boundary, thereby have comprehensive performance or a certain one-way performance than oriented freezing organization and polycrystalline tissue.At present, monocrystal material is extensively used
In aerial blade, semiconductor silicon electronic material, magnetostriction materials, GaAs crystallo-luminescence material, intermetallic compound and various metal matrix and inorganic composite materials etc.The nickel-based monocrystal material is a main raw of making advanced aircraft engine and gas turbine blades at present.Nickel-base high-temperature single crystal alloy is under the effect of high temperature constant load, and except the slippage of dislocation and distortion such as climb, crystal boundary also can participate in distortion by slippage and migration.Single crystal super alloy does not contain crystal boundary, thereby its distortion can only realize that also it has one of reason of excellent creep property just for this by the motion of dislocation.Single crystal super alloy is anisotropic.Orientation has tangible influence to the enduring quality of alloy.At present, the method for preparing monocrystalline has two kinds: P.w.Bridgman has proposed crucible and has moved method in the paper of nineteen twenty-five, and Stockbarger designed body of heater in 1936, and further perfect in 1949 years.This method is designed to the process furnace that separates by 2, be kept above and be lower than the growing crystal melting temperature, these characteristics have the adiabatic region or the gradient warm area of non-heating, and the temperature distribution in the stove is controlled easily, and this traditional orthotropic method is called Bridgman-Stockbarger method.Nineteen twenty-eight, Kapitza at first application level oriented monocrystalline furnace system has adopted directional solidification method that monocrystalline Bi is grown, and up to the 1950's, just the directional freeze of metal is studied, as Al, Ag, Au, Bi, CA, Cu.In the meantime, the development of this technology is mainly finished by Chalmers, horizontal orientation freezing method (Hori-zontal Bridgman method, HB) utilize removable process furnace and fixing crucible, be called as the Chalmers method, begin to be mainly used to the to grow GaAs of highly doped silicon, this system can prevent the volatilization of volatile component.Vertical orientation method and horizontal orientation freezing method are the methods of relatively easy growing single-crystal CdTe and CdZnTe.Titanium and alloy thereof are a class very active materials under the condition of high temperature especially melting condition, and after World War II, titanium alloy progressively enters the practicability stage.But the chemically reactive of titanium is big, and processing, shaping and preparation be difficulty comparatively, so restricting this Development of Materials and application.The current processing mode that is used for titanium and alloy thereof mainly comprises: be out of shape rolling, mechanical workout, powder metallurgy and several big classes of ingot metallurgy.The method for preparing monocrystalline substantially all is to grow up on the basis of the method for directional freeze, and the method for directional solidification technique has a variety of, can be divided into traditional directional solidification technique and emerging directional solidification technique.Traditional directional solidification technique mainly is the difference that can realize thermograde according to apparatus for directional solidification or device, is divided into power and reduces method, rapid solidification method and liquid metal method of cooling.Liquid metal method of cooling (LMC method) is on the basis of HRS method, the foundry goods that pulls out is partly immersed in the big liquid metal of high boiling point, low melting point, thermal capacity with high thermal conductivity coefficient, formed a kind of new directional solidification technique, it is the LMC method, can improve speed of cooling and thermograde, and the thermograde that can make the forward position, interface in bigger speed of growth scope keeps stable, and crystallization is being carried out under the stable state relatively, can obtain long unidirectional cylindrulite.Liquid metal commonly used has Ga-In and Ga-In-Sn alloy.Though the tradition directional solidification technique has application, has some problems, main drawback is that speed of cooling is slow, makes solidified structure have that adequate time is grown up, alligatoring, and the generation macrosegregation causes the performance of material lower.Causing the slow major cause of speed of cooling is that the top temperature identity distance is too far away in freezing interface and the liquid phase, and solid-liquid interface is not in the optimum position, and therefore the thermograde that is obtained is little.Be further refinement materials microstructure, alleviate even eliminates the microsegregation of element, improve the performance of material effectively, just need adopt new technology, novel method realization high-temperature gradient and growth velocity greatly.Therefore, developed the novel directional solidification technology, mainly contain ZMLMC method zone melting liquid metal method of cooling (ZMLMC method, be that zone melting is combined with the liquid metal cooling), high undercooling directional freeze (DUDS), methods such as electromagnetic shaping directional solidification technique (DSEMS), the slewing of laser ultra high temp gradient solidify.Above-mentioned directional solidification process all is not suitable for preparation titanium alloy monocrystalline, this is because the high activity of titanium alloy self, the easy pollution of container material (crucible and casting mold) when the preparation monocrystalline to alloy, the poor accuracy of alloy composition, the chemistry inclusion influences the physics and the mechanical property of its single crystal alloy easily to the erosion of single crystal organization.
Summary of the invention
The present invention all is not suitable for preparation titanium alloy monocrystalline in order to solve existing directional solidification process, this is because the high activity of titanium alloy self, processing, shaping and preparation be difficulty comparatively, container material easily pollutes alloy when the preparation monocrystalline, the poor accuracy of alloy composition, the chemistry inclusion is easily to the erosion of single crystal organization, influence the physics and the mechanical property of single crystal alloy, and speed of cooling is slow, make solidified structure have adequate time to grow up, alligatoring produces macrosegregation, causes the lower problem of performance of material, for addressing the above problem, now provide a kind of method that adopts the electromagnetic cold crucible continuously casting titanium alloy near single-crystal ingot.
A kind of method steps of electromagnetic cold crucible continuously casting titanium alloy near single-crystal ingot that adopts of the present invention is as follows:
Step 1, vacuumize in the body of heater of cold crucible electromagnetic shaping and device for directionally solidifying, vacuum tightness is 0.05～1Pa, after argon gas to the 300～400Pa that recoils;
The inside cavity of the water jacketed copper crucible 2 in step 2, the titanium alloy near single-crystal ingot shaping device for directionally solidifying is provided with titanium alloy charge bar 1, the outside of water jacketed copper crucible 2 is provided with ruhmkorff coil 3, the line of ruhmkorff coil 3 directly is 8mm, the number of turn of ruhmkorff coil 3 is 4 circles, be distributed on the outside surface of water jacketed copper crucible 2, ruhmkorff coil 3 does not extend 2～3mm distance to water jacketed copper crucible 2 more than the parting zone;
Step 3, titanium alloy charge bar 1 enter 2～5mm place in the ruhmkorff coil 3 under the control of device for directionally solidifying, pull rod 37 upper ends are provided with titanium alloy bed material 35,48～49mm place in water jacketed copper crucible 2 cavitys is stretched on the plane on the titanium alloy bed material, ruhmkorff coil 3 feeds single phase alternating current, power is 50～56KW, and be 20～30 minutes conduction time;
Step 4, carry out pull, pull rod 37 is with 2～8 μ m/s under the control of device for directionally solidifying, loading rod 36 all moves downward with the speed of 2.2～10 μ m/s, the diameter of titanium alloy charge bar 1 is 23～28mm, square ÷ feeding rod radius of feeding speed=drawing velocity * newly form charge bar radius square, when xln (pull rod) all enters in the crystallizer 9, the low melting point alloy cooling fluid is housed in the crystallizer 9, cooling fluid 10 is a ternary alloy liquid, new system is got the raw materials ready behind the excellent pull 20mm, begin to form monocrystalline, exhaust up to titanium alloy feeding rod, freshly prepd is titanium alloy near single-crystal ingot, and near single-crystal ingot is organized as the polycrystalline that skin has 1～2mm, inside is a crystal grain, will promptly get single crystal rod after the skin processing.
Method of the present invention is compared with the method for preparing single crystal that is applicable to titanium alloy and is had the advantages that to prepare the titanium alloy monocrystalline continuously, has improved comprehensive mechanical property, the especially mechanical behavior under high temperature of alloy.Single crystal alloy changes not quite than the tensile strength of as cast condition, but unit elongation has improved 135%; Forge attitude tensile strength and change not quite, but unit elongation has improved 55%; The relative reduction in area of as cast condition and forging attitude is respectively 7.5% and 10.81, and the relative reduction in area of monocrystalline is 6.24%.The present invention has realized the high-quality to titanium alloy material, the technology of preparing of efficient, safe, special and low-cost monocrystalline, and this preparation method has adapted to current economy, science and technology and the Defence business development demand to high performance material.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the inventive method equipment therefor, and Fig. 2 is the syndeton synoptic diagram of water jacketed copper crucible 2 and water pipe 8, and Fig. 3 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 2, and Fig. 4 is a syndeton synoptic diagram of going up feeding rod 21 and loading rod 1.6 is support frames among the figure, the 38th, and wall screw, the 7th, circulating water channel, the 8th, water pipe, the 11st, following pumping rod, the 12nd, base, the 13rd, motor, the 14th, threaded rod, the 15th, synchronizing bar, the 16th, base, the 17th, swing angle motor, the 18th, hot-zone, the 19th, insulating disc, the 20th, electrode contact, the 21st, last feeding rod, the 22nd, synchronizing bar, the 23rd, motor, the 24th, support, the 34th, slit, the 35th, bed material.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: present embodiment titanium alloy near single-crystal ingot preparation method's step is as follows:
Step 1, vacuumize in the body of heater of cold crucible electromagnetic shaping and device for directionally solidifying, vacuum tightness is 0.05～1Pa, after argon gas to the 300～400Pa that recoils;
The inside cavity of the water jacketed copper crucible 2 in step 2, the device for directionally solidifying is provided with titanium alloy charge bar 1, and the outside of water jacketed copper crucible 2 is provided with ruhmkorff coil 3, and the number of turn of ruhmkorff coil 3 is 4 circles, and line is 8mm directly, is distributed on the outside surface of water jacketed copper crucible 2;
Step 3, titanium alloy charge bar 1 enter 2～5mm place of ruhmkorff coil 3 under the control of device for directionally solidifying, the upper end of pull rod 37 is provided with titanium alloy bed material 35, titanium alloy bed material diameter 26～28mm, highly be 20～23mm, 48～49mm place in water jacketed copper crucible 2 cavitys is stretched on the plane on the titanium alloy bed material, ruhmkorff coil 3 feeds single phase alternating current, and power is 50～56KW, and be 20～30 minutes conduction time;
Step 4, carry out pull, pull rod 37 is with 2～8 μ m/s under the control of device for directionally solidifying, loading rod 36 all moves downward with the speed of 2.2～10 μ m/s, it is 23～28mm that titanium alloy charge bar 1 gets diameter, square ÷ feeding rod radius of feeding speed=drawing velocity * newly form charge bar radius square, when xln (pull rod) all enters in the crystallizer 9, the low melting point alloy cooling fluid is housed in the crystallizer 9, cooling fluid 10 is a ternary alloy liquid, new system is got the raw materials ready behind the excellent pull 20mm, begin to form monocrystalline, exhaust up to titanium alloy feeding rod, freshly prepd is titanium alloy near single-crystal ingot, near single-crystal ingot is organized as the polycrystalline that skin has 1～2mm, and inside is a crystal grain, will be single crystal rod after the skin processing.
3 pairs of titanium alloys of ruhmkorff coil of the induction heating function that is provided with by device for directionally solidifying melt, overheated, constraint shapes, shaping, and the strong cooling of bottom liquid metal solidifies, and form nearly titanium alloy monocrystalline.Near single-crystal ingot is organized as the polycrystalline that skin has 1～2mm, and inside is a crystal grain, will be single crystal rod after the skin processing.
Embodiment two: the pull rod upper end of present embodiment is provided with titanium alloy bed material 35, and titanium alloy bed material 35 diameter tops are divided into 25～26mm, highly are 20～20mm, and titanium alloy bed material 35 lower section diameters are 29～29.5mm, highly are 15～18mm.Be convenient to fusing, leakproof in the above-mentioned data area and solidify.
Embodiment three: the diameter of the titanium alloy charge bar 1 of present embodiment is less than the cavity diameter of water jacketed copper crucible 2.
Embodiment four: the water jacketed copper crucible 2 of present embodiment is inside and outside straight joint formula splitted structure, the width L in the slit 34 between adjacent two lobes is 0.3～0.8mm, fill insulant in the slit 34, the height K in slit 34 are 2/3rds to 3/4ths of water jacketed copper crucible height H.
Embodiment five: the ruhmkorff coil 3 of present embodiment and the installation site between the water jacketed copper crucible 2 are; Ruhmkorff coil 3 does not extend 2～3mm distance to water jacketed copper crucible 2 more than the parting zone.
Embodiment six: the alloying constituent of present embodiment is the Ti6A14V alloy.
Embodiment seven: the cooling fluid 10 of present embodiment is a ternary alloy liquid, and ternary alloy liquid is made up of Ga, In and Sn, by weight Ga be 25%, In be 13% and Sn be 62%.
Embodiment eight: it is the Ti6A14V alloy that present embodiment adopts alloying constituent, is 8 μ m/s in speed, and power is after carrying out pull under the condition of 56KW, promptly to obtain the titanium alloy single crystal organization.Single crystal alloy changes not quite than the tensile strength of as cast condition, but unit elongation has improved 135%; Forge attitude tensile strength and change not quite, but unit elongation has improved 55%; The relative reduction in area of as cast condition is 7.5%, and the relative reduction in area of forging attitude is 10.81, and the relative reduction in area of monocrystalline is 6.24%.
Principle of work of the present invention:
The present invention is realized by electromagnetic confinement and two processes of single crystal growing, aspect electromagnetic confinement, high frequency magnetic field is with the raw material induction melting, and formation hump, by feeding rod speed control hump height, increase power the melt overheat degree is increased, and reduce with copper crucible inwall contact area, reduce the scull effect, make melt be in stable form; Aspect single crystal growing, because the superstrength of liquid metal cooling, form big temperature gradient distribution, electromagnetic field stirs and makes molten matter be evenly distributed the soft Contact Effect of electromagnetic confinement, make the side direction heat radiation be inhibited, induction heating makes the charge bar surface be heated, and by long preheating initial crystal grain is slowly grown up, and forms the solid-liquid interface at epirelief interface at last, the competitive growth of crystal grain obtains the pollution-free monocrystalline of water jacketed copper crucible at last.
Claims (8)
1. method that adopts the electromagnetic cold crucible continuously casting titanium alloy near single-crystal ingot is characterized in that the step of this method is as follows:
Step 1, vacuumize in the body of heater of cold crucible electromagnetic shaping and device for directionally solidifying, vacuum tightness is 0.05～1Pa, after argon gas to the 300～400Pa that recoils;
The inside cavity of the water jacketed copper crucible (2) in step 2, the device for directionally solidifying is provided with titanium aluminum alloy charge bar (1), the outside of water jacketed copper crucible (2) is provided with ruhmkorff coil (3), the number of turn of ruhmkorff coil (3) is (4) circle, and line is 8mm directly, is distributed on the outside surface of water jacketed copper crucible (2);
Step 3, titanium aluminum alloy charge bar (1) enter 2～5mm place of ruhmkorff coil (3) under the control of device for directionally solidifying, pull rod (37) stretches into 48～49mm place in water jacketed copper crucible (2) cavity, pull rod upper end is provided with titanium alloy bed material (35), ruhmkorff coil (3) feeds single phase alternating current, power is 50～56KW, 20～30 minutes conduction time;
Step 4, carry out pull, pull rod (37) is with 2～8 μ m/s under the control of device for directionally solidifying, loading rod 36 all moves downward with the speed of 2.2～10 μ m/s, the diameter of titanium alloy charge bar (1) is 23～28mm, square ÷ feeding rod radius of feeding speed=drawing velocity * newly form charge bar radius square, in xln pull rod all enters crystallizer (9), low melting point alloy cooling fluid (10) is housed in the crystallizer (9), cooling fluid (10) is a ternary alloy liquid, new system is got the raw materials ready behind the excellent pull 20mm, begin to form monocrystalline, exhaust up to titanium alloy feeding rod, freshly prepd is titanium alloy near single-crystal ingot, near single-crystal ingot is organized as the polycrystalline that skin has 1～2mm, and inside is a crystal grain, will promptly get single crystal rod after the skin processing.
2. a kind of method that adopts the electromagnetic cold crucible continuously casting titanium alloy near single-crystal ingot according to claim 1, it is characterized in that titanium alloy bed material (35) diameter is less than cold-crucible (2) cavity diameter, and titanium alloy bed material (35) diameter top is divided into 25～26mm, highly be 20～20mm, the lower section diameter is 29～29.5mm, highly is 15～18mm.
3. a kind of method that adopts the electromagnetic cold crucible continuously casting titanium alloy near single-crystal ingot according to claim 1 is characterized in that the cavity diameter of titanium alloy charge bar (1) diameter less than water jacketed copper crucible (2), the strict coupling of feeding speed and drawing velocity.
4. a kind of method that adopts the electromagnetic cold crucible continuously casting titanium alloy near single-crystal ingot according to claim 1, it is characterized in that water jacketed copper crucible (2) is inside and outside straight joint formula splitted structure, the width L in the slit (34) between adjacent two lobes is 0.3～0.8mm, fill insulant in the slit (34), the height K of slit (34) is 2/3rds to 3/4ths of a water jacketed copper crucible height H.
5. a kind of method that adopts the electromagnetic cold crucible continuously casting titanium alloy near single-crystal ingot according to claim 1 is characterized in that the installation site between ruhmkorff coil (3) and the water jacketed copper crucible (2) is: ruhmkorff coil (3) does not extend 2～3mm distance to water jacketed copper crucible (2) more than the parting zone.
6. a kind of method that adopts the electromagnetic cold crucible continuously casting titanium alloy near single-crystal ingot according to claim 1 is characterized in that alloying constituent Ti6Al4V.
7. a kind of method that adopts the electromagnetic cold crucible continuously casting titanium alloy near single-crystal ingot according to claim 1 is characterized in that cooling fluid 10 is made up of Ga, In and Sn for ternary alloy liquid, by weight Ga be 25%, In be 13% and Sn be 62%.
8. a kind of method that adopts the electromagnetic cold crucible continuously casting titanium alloy near single-crystal ingot according to claim 1, it is characterized in that alloying constituent is Ti6Al4V, in speed is 8 μ m/s, power is that the condition of 56KW was carried out pull in following 20 minutes, new system is got the raw materials ready behind the excellent pull 20mm, begins to form nearly monocrystalline.
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| CNB2007101443098A CN100497716C (en) | 2007-09-14 | 2007-09-14 | Method for continuously casting titanium alloy near single-crystal ingot by using electromagnetic cold crucible |
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| CN101875106B (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2011-12-28 | 北京科技大学 | Preparation method of directional solidification high-niobium TiAl-base alloy |
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| CN103031414A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-04-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Fabrication method of directional solidification neodymium ferrum boron magnetic alloy |
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| CN104923752B (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2017-04-26 | 南京工业大学 | Continuous casting technology and equipment for titanium or titanium alloy |
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| CN115558811A (en) * | 2022-09-10 | 2023-01-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Equipment and method for preparing TiAl semisolid material by utilizing ultrasonic and electromagnetic field |
| CN115558811B (en) * | 2022-09-10 | 2023-06-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Equipment and method for preparing TiAl semi-solid material by utilizing ultrasonic and electromagnetic field |
| CN117548651A (en) * | 2023-12-08 | 2024-02-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method of titanium alloy monocrystal with component gradient |
| CN117548651B (en) * | 2023-12-08 | 2024-08-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method of titanium alloy monocrystal with component gradient |
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