CN115558811B - Equipment and method for preparing TiAl semi-solid material by utilizing ultrasonic and electromagnetic field - Google Patents
Equipment and method for preparing TiAl semi-solid material by utilizing ultrasonic and electromagnetic field Download PDFInfo
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- CN115558811B CN115558811B CN202211105854.7A CN202211105854A CN115558811B CN 115558811 B CN115558811 B CN 115558811B CN 202211105854 A CN202211105854 A CN 202211105854A CN 115558811 B CN115558811 B CN 115558811B
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Abstract
The invention relates to equipment and a method for preparing TiAl semi-solid materials by utilizing ultrasonic waves and electromagnetic fields, wherein a water-cooling copper crucible is fixed in the middle of a fixing sheet, a ceramic mould shell is fixed in the middle of the water-cooling copper crucible, the lower end of an ultrasonic vibration head is propped against the ceramic mould shell, a water-cooling copper coil is arranged on the periphery of the water-cooling copper crucible, a gallium indium container is fixed at the lower end of a bottom plate of a box body, an ultrasonic generator is arranged on the lower side of the gallium indium container, and a drawing device is arranged on the lower side of the ultrasonic generator. The method comprises the following steps: placing a material rod made of TiAl alloy material into a ceramic mould shell; vacuumizing and melting the material rod under the protection of inert gas; the melt keeps the semi-solid temperature, and an ultrasonic generator is started to slowly cool; stopping heating after the melt is completely solidified, and enabling the solidified semi-solid alloy to enter gallium indium liquid for cooling; and taking out the casting. The invention can improve the compactness of the TiAl casting, obtain the TiAl alloy with spheroidized structure, and improve the thermal processing deformability of the TiAl alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal material hot processing, and relates to equipment and a method for preparing a TiAl semi-solid material by utilizing ultrasonic waves and electromagnetic fields.
Background
With the development of domestic large aircraft, civil aviation aircraft have received extensive attention. The civil aircraft can save fuel cost of 6 ten thousand dollars per year per 1 kg of weight reduction, so that the weight reduction of the turbine blade is one of the development directions of the turbine blade at present. The density of the titanium-aluminum alloy is about half of that of the nickel-based alloy, and the titanium-aluminum alloy has good specific strength and high-temperature creep resistance, is expected to partially replace the traditional nickel-based superalloy on the low-pressure turbine blade (600-900 ℃) of an aircraft engine, and achieves the aim of reducing the weight of the blade. At present, the room temperature plasticity of the TiAl alloy is poor, and the high-temperature deformation can refine the TiAl alloy structure and improve the room temperature plasticity and mechanical properties of the TiAl alloy. However, the high-temperature deformation property of the TiAl alloy as an intermetallic compound is poor, and the deformation processing is usually required to be carried out at a temperature of 1200 ℃ or higher, so that the conventional hot processing equipment cannot carry out hot processing on the TiAl alloy. The deformation processing of the TiAl alloy needs to be achieved by means including hot forging and hot isostatic pressing, which increases the cost of the thermal processing of the TiAl alloy. By improving the deformability of the TiAl alloy, the deformation temperature of the TiAl alloy can be reduced, so that the TiAl hot working cost is reduced. The semi-solid processing can obtain a spheroidized alloy structure, improves the deformability and compactness of the alloy, is favorable for processing deformation of the material, but has smaller solid-liquid mixed phase interval and higher melting point of the TiAl alloy, and has higher melt activity of the TiAl alloy, which limits the development of the TiAl semi-solid material.
A method for continuously preparing TiAl semi-solid material by using ultrasonic vibration and electromagnetic field stirring comprises the steps of heating and melting the material by an electromagnetic field, and then breaking dendrites formed in the solidification process of the TiAl alloy under the combined action of the electromagnetic field stirring and the ultrasonic vibration, so that the TiAl alloy tissue is spheroidized and solidified and forms a semi-solid tissue. The problems that the temperature is difficult to control, the structure is difficult to realize spheroidization and semi-solid manufacturing are difficult to realize in the preparation process of the TiAl alloy are solved. The preparation of the TiAl semi-solid material can be realized, so that the deformability of the TiAl alloy is improved, and the subsequent thermal processing deformation of the TiAl alloy is facilitated.
The patent CN201910792245.5 in China discloses a device and a method for refining grains by non-contact ultrasonic vibration, wherein the structural part of ultrasonic vibration is suitable for being combined with an electromagnetic field, and ultrasonic technology is adopted to assist solidification to refine an alloy structure so as to prepare a TiAl semi-solid material. However, the prior art has a little shortages, dendrites formed in the solidification process of the TiAl alloy cannot be broken by the aid of the ultrasonic and electromagnetic fields, solidification structures are spheroidized, the compactness and deformability of the solidification TiAl alloy structures are improved, and the comprehensive performance of the TiAl alloy is further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Object of the Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the temperature is difficult to control, the structure is difficult to realize spheroidization and semi-solid manufacturing is difficult to realize in the preparation process of TiAl alloy, and provides equipment and a method for preparing TiAl semi-solid materials by utilizing ultrasonic and electromagnetic fields, which can improve the compactness of TiAl castings and the thermal processing deformation capability of TiAl alloy.
Technical proposal
The equipment for preparing the TiAl semi-solid material by utilizing the ultrasonic and electromagnetic fields comprises a box body, wherein the upper end of the box body is provided with a box cover, the upper end of an ultrasonic vibration head is fixed on an ultrasonic vibration head supporting clamp, the lower end of the ultrasonic vibration head supporting clamp is fixed on a supporting clamp base, the lower end of the ultrasonic vibration head penetrates through the box cover, the periphery of the box cover, which is positioned on the ultrasonic vibration head, is fixedly provided with a plurality of fixing piece connecting rods, the lower end of each fixing piece connecting rod is connected with a fixing piece, the middle part of each fixing piece is fixedly provided with a water-cooling copper crucible, the middle of the water-cooling copper crucible is sleeved and connected with a ceramic mold shell, the lower end of the ultrasonic vibration head is propped against the ceramic mold shell, the periphery of the water-cooling copper crucible is provided with a water-cooling copper coil, a box bottom plate is fixed on the lower side of the water-cooling copper crucible, a gallium indium container is fixed on the lower end of the box bottom plate, an ultrasonic generator is arranged on the lower side of the gallium indium container, an ultrasonic emission end of the ultrasonic generator is upward and is fixed with an ultrasonic rod, the ultrasonic rod penetrates through the gallium indium container, the lower side of the ultrasonic generator is provided with a drawing device, and the lifting rod arranged upward is connected to the lower end of the generator, and the box bottom plate is provided with a through hole of the water-cooling copper container and a through hole of the water-cooling copper container.
Further, a linear bearing a is arranged between the ultrasonic vibration head and the box cover, and skeleton oil seals a are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the linear bearing a.
Further, a protective shell is arranged on the outer sides of the drawing device and the ultrasonic generator, a linear bearing b is arranged between the protective shell and the ultrasonic rod, and skeleton oil seals b are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the linear bearing b.
Further, a cooling water cavity is arranged in the wall of the water-cooled copper crucible and is connected with a water source outside the box body through a water pipe; cooling water is filled in the water-cooled copper coil and is connected with a water source outside the box body through a water pipe, and an insulating tape is wound outside the water-cooled copper coil, wherein the number of turns of the coil is 5-100.
Further, a thermocouple is embedded in the inner wall of the vertical through groove of the ceramic mould shell, the thermocouple is connected with a temperature display unit outside the mould shell through a spiral wire, and the thermocouple is a graphite thermocouple.
Further, the inner diameter of the water-cooled copper crucible is 10-50 mm, the height of the water-cooled copper crucible is 20-200 mm, the wall thickness of the inner layer and the wall of the outer layer are 15mm, four slits corresponding to the positions are arranged on the wall of the inner layer and the wall of the outer layer, the slit height is 80mm, and the slits are filled with joint filling materials.
Further, the ceramic mould shell is made of yttrium oxide, the inner diameter is 5-95 mm, the height is 50-300 mm, and the wall thickness is 2-50 mm.
A method of preparing a TiAl semi-solid material using the equipped ultrasonic and electromagnetic fields as described, comprising the steps of:
step one, placing a material rod of TiAl alloy material into a ceramic mould shell; the material rod is connected with the ultrasonic rod;
step two, vacuumizing the box body to 5MPa, then introducing argon to 300MPa, introducing circulating cooling water to the water-cooled copper coil and the water-cooled copper crucible, and electrifying the water-cooled copper coil outside the crucible under the protection of inert gas to melt the material rod;
step three, adjusting the input power of the water-cooled copper coil to enable the melt of the material rod to keep semi-solid temperature, starting an ultrasonic vibration head and an ultrasonic generator, simultaneously applying ultrasonic to the melt by the ultrasonic vibration head and an ultrasonic rod, and at the moment, starting slow cooling by reducing the input power of the control coil;
stopping heating when the alloy is completely solidified, stopping the ultrasonic vibration head and the ultrasonic generator, and descending the lifting rod to enable the ultrasonic treated material rod to enter gallium indium liquid for cooling so as to prevent coarsening of tissues;
and fifthly, cooling the ultrasonically treated material rod in gallium indium cooling liquid for five minutes, introducing air, and taking out the casting.
Further, the inner diameter of the water-cooled copper crucible is 0.5mm larger than the outer diameter of the ceramic mould shell, and the inner diameter of the ceramic mould shell is 0.5mm larger than the outer diameter of the material rod.
Furthermore, the ultrasonic frequencies of the ultrasonic vibration head and the ultrasonic generator in the third step and the fourth step are fixed to be 20kHz, the maximum output power is 1200W, and the output amplitude is 5-7 mu m.
Advantages and effects
1. The electromagnetic cold crucible and the ceramic mould shell are combined to remelt the material rod, and the material rod is insulated in a semi-solid temperature interval, so that a solid phase is spheroidized and grown in the semi-solid interval, the roundness of the solid phase of the TiAl semi-solid material is increased, and the problems that the melting point of the TiAl alloy is high and the liquid phase temperature period is small are solved.
2. The combination of electromagnetic stirring and ultrasonic vibration can effectively break dendrites formed in the solidification process of the TiAl alloy, improve the solid fraction of the semi-solid alloy and the roundness of the solid phase of the semi-solid alloy, improve the compactness and deformability of the TiAl alloy and overcome the problem that the tissue is difficult to spheroidize in the preparation process of the TiAl alloy.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description. The scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for preparing a TiAl semi-solid material using ultrasound and an electromagnetic field;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a water-cooled copper crucible to a gallium indium container;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the slit;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of a local structure of a Ti-44Al semi-solid material under a scanning electron microscope;
FIG. 5 is a photograph of a local structure of a Ti-44Al-6Nb semi-solid material under a scanning electron microscope.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. ultrasonic vibration head, 2, ceramic mould shell, 3, water-cooling copper crucible, 4, cooling water cavity, 5, water-cooling copper coil, 6, material rod, 7, thermocouple, 8, box bottom plate, 9, ultrasonic rod, 10, gallium indium cooling liquid, 11, gallium indium container, 12, lifting rod, 13, power supply, 14, box body, 15, box cover, 16, nut, 17, power supply, 18, ultrasonic vibration head supporting clamp, 19, framework oil seal a, 20, fixing piece connecting rod, 21, fixing piece, 22, protective shell, 23, supporting clamp base, 24, linear bearing a, 25, spiral wire, 26, drawing device, 27, linear bearing b, 28, ultrasonic generator, 29, framework oil seal b, 30, slit and 31.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the equipment for preparing the TiAl semi-solid material by utilizing the ultrasonic and electromagnetic fields comprises a box body 14, wherein a box cover 15 is arranged at the upper end of the box body 14, the upper end of an ultrasonic vibration head 1 is fixed on an ultrasonic vibration head supporting clamp 18, the ultrasonic vibration head 1 is connected with a power supply 17, the lower end of the ultrasonic vibration head supporting clamp 18 is fixed on a supporting clamp base 23 through threads, the lower end of the ultrasonic vibration head 1 penetrates through the box cover 15, a linear bearing a 24 is arranged between the ultrasonic vibration head 1 and the box cover 15, a framework oil seal a19 is arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the linear bearing a 24, a plurality of fixing piece connecting rods 20 are fixed on the periphery of the box cover 15, the plurality of fixing piece connecting rods 20 are fixedly connected with a fixing piece 21 through nuts 16, the middle part screw thread or welded fastening of stationary blade 21 have water-cooling copper crucible 3, the middle interference of water-cooling copper crucible 3 cup joints and is fixed with ceramic mould shell 2, the lower extreme top of supersound shake head 1 is on ceramic mould shell 2, vertical logical inslot wall of ceramic mould shell 2 has inlayed thermocouple 7, thermocouple 7 passes through the temperature display element outside helical wire 25 connection box 14, helical wire 25 can effectively absorb ultrasonic vibration, avoid thermocouple 7 to disconnect, thermocouple 7 is graphite thermocouple, the centre of ceramic mould shell 2 is provided with material stick 6, material stick 6 is 50mm apart from ceramic mould shell top, ceramic mould shell 2 material is yttria, the internal diameter is 5~95mm, the height is 50~300mm, the wall thickness is 2~50mm. The periphery of the water-cooled copper crucible 3 is provided with a water-cooled copper coil 5, the water-cooled copper coil 5 is connected with a power supply 13 outside the box 14 through a wire, a cooling water cavity 4 is arranged in the wall of the water-cooled copper crucible 3, and the cooling water cavity 4 is connected with a water source outside the box 14 through a water pipe; cooling water is filled in the water-cooled copper coil 5 and is connected with a water source outside the box 14 through a water pipe, an insulating tape is wound outside the water-cooled copper coil 5, and the number of turns of the coil is 5-100; the inner diameter of the water-cooled copper crucible 3 is 10-50 mm, the height is 20-200 mm, the wall thickness of the inner layer and the wall thickness of the outer layer are 15mm, the wall of the inner layer and the wall of the outer layer are provided with four slits 30 corresponding to each other, the height of the slits 30 is 80mm, and the slits 30 are filled with a caulking material 31. The box body 14 is internally provided with a box body bottom plate 8, the lower end of the box body bottom plate 8 is fixedly provided with a gallium indium container 11, gallium indium cooling liquid 10 is contained in the gallium indium container 11, the lower side of the gallium indium container 11 is provided with an ultrasonic generator 28, the ultrasonic transmitting end of the ultrasonic generator 28 faces upwards and is fixedly provided with an ultrasonic rod 9, the ultrasonic rod 9 penetrates through the gallium indium container 11, the lower end of the material rod 6 is connected with the upper end of the ultrasonic rod 9 through a dovetail groove, the lower side of the ultrasonic generator 28 is provided with a drawing device 26, a lifting rod 12 arranged upwards by the drawing device 26 is connected with the lower end of the ultrasonic generator 28, the box body bottom plate 8 and the gallium indium container 11 are provided with vertical through holes, and the center of the water-cooled copper crucible 3, the through holes of the box body bottom plate 8 and the through holes of the gallium indium container 11 are concentric. The outer sides of the drawing device 26 and the ultrasonic generator 28 are provided with a protective shell 22, a linear bearing b 27 is arranged between the protective shell 22 and the ultrasonic rod 9, and skeleton oil seals b 29 are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the linear bearing b 27.
A method of preparing a TiAl semi-solid material using the equipped ultrasonic and electromagnetic field of claim 1, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, placing a material rod 6 made of TiAl alloy material into a ceramic mould shell 2; the material rod is connected with an ultrasonic rod 9 through a dovetail groove, the inner diameter of the water-cooled copper crucible 3 is 0.5mm larger than the outer diameter of the ceramic mould shell 2, and the inner diameter of the ceramic mould shell 2 is 0.5mm larger than the outer diameter of the material rod 6;
step two, vacuumizing the box 14 to 5MPa, then introducing argon to 300MPa, introducing circulating cooling water to the water-cooled copper coil 5 and the water-cooled copper crucible 3, and electrifying the water-cooled copper coil 5 outside the crucible under the protection of inert gas to melt the material rod 6;
step three, adjusting the input power of the water-cooling copper coil 5 to enable the melt of the material rod 6 to keep semi-solid temperature (1500-1600 ℃), starting the ultrasonic vibration head 1 and the ultrasonic generator 28, simultaneously applying ultrasonic to the melt by the ultrasonic vibration head 1 and the ultrasonic rod 9, and at the moment, starting slow cooling by reducing the input power of the control coil, wherein the cooling rate is 1 ℃/s;
stopping heating (namely stopping electrifying the coil) when the alloy is completely solidified (1470-1500 ℃), stopping the ultrasonic vibration head 1 and the ultrasonic generator 28, and rapidly descending the lifting rod 12 at a speed of 100mm/s to enable the ultrasonically treated material rod 6 to enter into gallium indium liquid for cooling so as to prevent coarsening of tissues;
and fifthly, cooling the ultrasonic-treated material rod 6 in the gallium indium cooling liquid 10 for five minutes, introducing air, and taking out the casting (namely the treated material rod 6).
In the third and fourth steps, the ultrasonic frequencies of the ultrasonic vibration head 1 and the ultrasonic generator 28 are fixed to be 20kHz, the maximum output power is 1200W, and the output amplitude is 5-7 mu m.
Example 1
The method for preparing the TiAl semi-solid material by using the ultrasonic and electromagnetic fields comprises the following steps:
(1) connecting Ti-44Al material rod with diameter of 29.5mm with ultrasonic rod 9 via dovetail groove, and connecting Y with inner diameter of 30mm and outer diameter of 35.5mm 2 O 3 The ceramic mould shell is sleeved outside the Ti-44Al material rod and fixedly connected in the water-cooled copper crucible 3 sleeve, and the water-cooled copper crucible 3 with the inner diameter of 36mm is sleeved on the Y 2 O 3 The ceramic mould shell is fixed by a fixing piece 21, a water-cooled copper coil 5 is sleeved outside a water-cooled copper crucible 3, and the top end of a material rod 6 is 50mm away from the top end of the ceramic mould shell 2 by adjusting an ultrasonic rod 9;
(2) vacuumizing the box 14, then introducing protective gas argon with the pressure of 300MPa, introducing cooling water into the water-cooled copper crucible 3 and the copper coil water-cooled copper coil 5, then electrifying the water-cooled copper coil 5 outside the copper crucible water-cooled copper crucible 3, keeping the power at 40W, preserving the temperature for 5 minutes, enabling a magnetic field generated by the water-cooled copper coil 5 to act on the material rod 6 through the slotting of the water-cooled copper crucible 3, and melting the material rod 6;
(3) the semi-solid temperature of the melt is 1560 ℃ by controlling the power of a power supply, the ultrasonic vibration head 1 and the ultrasonic generator 28 are started, the ultrasonic vibration head 1 and the ultrasonic rod 9 apply ultrasonic to the melt at the same time, at the moment, the input power of a control coil is reduced, the vibration frequency is 20KHz, the amplitude is 7 mu m, the vibration time is 1min, and the cooling speed is controlled to be 1 ℃/s by adjusting the power;
(4) when the temperature is reduced to 1490 ℃, the heating is stopped, the alloy is completely solidified, the ultrasonic vibration head 1 is turned off, the heating (namely, the energization of the coil is stopped), the ultrasonic vibration head 1 and the ultrasonic generator 28 are stopped, the lifting rod 12 is rapidly lowered at a speed of 100mm/s, the casting is pulled down to cool the gallium indium cooling liquid 10 and then taken out, and a typical semi-solid structure can be observed as shown in a microstructure of the Ti-44Al semi-solid alloy in fig. 4.
Example 2
The method for preparing the TiAl semi-solid material by using the ultrasonic and electromagnetic fields comprises the following steps:
(1) a Ti-44Al-6Nb material rod with the diameter of 14.5mm is connected with an ultrasonic rod 9 through a dovetail groove, an alumina die shell with the inner diameter of 15mm and the outer diameter of 19.5mm is sleeved outside the material rod 6 and fixedly connected in a water-cooled copper crucible 3 sleeve, a water-cooled copper crucible 3 with the inner diameter of 20mm is sleeved outside the alumina die shell and fixed through a fixing piece, a water-cooled copper coil 5 is sleeved outside the water-cooled copper crucible 3, and the top end of the material rod 6 is 50mm away from the top end of a ceramic die shell 2 through adjusting the ultrasonic rod 9.
(2) Vacuumizing the box 14, then introducing protective gas argon with the pressure of 300Mpa, introducing cooling water into the water-cooled copper crucible 3 and the copper coil water-cooled copper coil 5, then electrifying the water-cooled copper coil 5 outside the copper crucible water-cooled copper crucible 3, keeping the power at 43W, preserving the temperature for 5 minutes, and slotting a magnetic field generated by the water-cooled copper coil 5 through the water-cooled copper crucible 3 to act on the material rod 6 and melting the material rod 6;
(3) the semi-solid temperature of the melt is 1585 ℃ by controlling the power of a power supply, the ultrasonic vibration head 1 and the ultrasonic generator 28 are started, the ultrasonic vibration head 1 and the ultrasonic rod 9 apply ultrasonic to the melt at the same time, at the moment, the input power of a control coil is reduced, the vibration frequency is 20KHz, the amplitude is 7 mu m, the vibration time is 1min, and the cooling speed is controlled to be 1 ℃/s by adjusting the power;
(4) when the temperature is reduced to 1505 ℃, the heating is stopped, the alloy is completely solidified, the ultrasonic vibration head 1 is turned off, the heating (namely, the power supply to the coil is stopped), the ultrasonic vibration head 1 and the ultrasonic generator 28 are stopped, the lifting rod 12 is rapidly lowered at the speed of 100mm/s, the casting is pulled down to cool the gallium indium cooling liquid 10 and then is taken out, the microstructure of the Ti-44Al-6Nb semi-solid alloy is shown in fig. 5, and a typical semi-solid structure can be observed.
The method is also suitable for preparing semisolid materials such as iron-based alloy, copper-based alloy and the like. It should be understood that the foregoing embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of the present invention and not limiting, and that various other changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art based on the above description, and it is not intended to be exhaustive of all embodiments, and all obvious changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the invention are desired to be protected.
Claims (9)
1. The method for preparing the TiAl semi-solid material by utilizing the ultrasonic and electromagnetic fields comprises a box body (14), wherein a box cover (15) is arranged at the upper end of the box body (14), the upper end of an ultrasonic vibration head (1) is fixed on an ultrasonic vibration head supporting clamp (18), the lower end of the ultrasonic vibration head supporting clamp (18) is fixed on a supporting clamp base (23), the lower end of the ultrasonic vibration head (1) penetrates through the box cover (15), a plurality of fixing piece connecting rods (20) are fixed around the box cover (15) which is positioned on the ultrasonic vibration head (1), and the lower end of each fixing piece connecting rod (20) is connected with a fixing piece (21), and the method is characterized in that: the middle part of the fixing piece (21) is fixedly provided with a water-cooling copper crucible (3), the middle of the water-cooling copper crucible (3) is sleeved and fixed with a ceramic mould shell (2), the lower end of the ultrasonic vibration head (1) is propped against the ceramic mould shell (2), the periphery of the water-cooling copper crucible (3) is provided with a water-cooling copper coil (5), a box body (14) is internally provided with a box body bottom plate (8) and positioned at the lower side of the water-cooling copper crucible (3), the lower end of the box body bottom plate (8) is fixedly provided with a gallium indium container (11), the lower side of the gallium indium container (11) is provided with an ultrasonic generator (28), the ultrasonic emission end of the ultrasonic generator (28) faces upwards and is fixedly provided with an ultrasonic rod (9), the ultrasonic rod (9) penetrates through the gallium indium container (11), the lower side of the ultrasonic generator (28) is provided with a drawing device (26), a lifting rod (12) which is arranged upwards is connected to the lower end of the ultrasonic generator (28), the box body bottom plate (8) and the gallium indium container (11) are provided with vertical through holes, and the center of the water-cooling copper crucible (3), the center of the box body bottom plate (8) and the gallium indium container (11) are concentric through holes (11).
The method for preparing the TiAl semi-solid material by using the ultrasonic and electromagnetic fields comprises the following steps:
firstly, placing a material rod (6) of TiAl alloy material into a ceramic mould shell (2); the material rod is connected with an ultrasonic rod (9);
vacuumizing the inside of the box body (14) to 5MPa, then introducing argon to 300MPa, introducing circulating cooling water to the water-cooled copper coil (5) and the water-cooled copper crucible (3), and electrifying the water-cooled copper coil (5) outside the crucible under the protection of inert gas to melt the material rod (6);
step three, adjusting the input power of the water-cooling copper coil (5) to enable the melt of the material rod (6) to keep semi-solid temperature, starting the ultrasonic vibration head (1) and the ultrasonic generator (28), simultaneously applying ultrasonic to the melt by the ultrasonic vibration head (1) and the ultrasonic rod (9), and at the moment, starting to slowly cool down by reducing the input power of the control coil;
stopping heating and stopping the ultrasonic vibration head (1) and the ultrasonic generator (28) when the alloy is completely solidified, and descending the lifting rod (12) to enable the ultrasonically treated material rod (6) to enter gallium indium liquid for cooling so as to prevent coarsening of tissues;
and fifthly, cooling the ultrasonically treated material rod (6) in gallium indium cooling liquid (10) for five minutes, introducing air, and taking out the casting.
2. The method for preparing the TiAl semi-solid material by utilizing ultrasonic waves and electromagnetic fields according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: a linear bearing a (24) is arranged between the ultrasonic vibration head (1) and the box cover (15), and skeleton oil seals a (19) are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the linear bearing a (24).
3. The method for preparing the TiAl semi-solid material by utilizing ultrasonic waves and electromagnetic fields according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the outer sides of the drawing device (26) and the ultrasonic generator (28) are provided with a protective shell (22), a linear bearing b (27) is arranged between the protective shell (22) and the ultrasonic rod (9), and skeleton oil seals b (29) are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the linear bearing b (27).
4. The method for preparing the TiAl semi-solid material by utilizing ultrasonic waves and electromagnetic fields according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: a cooling water cavity (4) is arranged in the wall of the water-cooled copper crucible (3), and the cooling water cavity (4) is connected with a water source outside the box body (14) through a water pipe; cooling water is filled in the water-cooled copper coil (5), the water-cooled copper coil is connected with a water source outside the box body (14) through a water pipe, an insulating tape is wound outside the water-cooled copper coil (5), and the number of turns of the coil is 5-100.
5. The method for preparing the TiAl semi-solid material by utilizing ultrasonic waves and electromagnetic fields according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the inner wall of the vertical through groove of the ceramic mould shell (2) is embedded with a thermocouple (7), the thermocouple (7) is connected with a temperature display unit outside the box body (14) through a spiral lead (25), and the thermocouple (7) is a graphite thermocouple.
6. The method for preparing the TiAl semi-solid material by utilizing ultrasonic waves and electromagnetic fields according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the inner diameter of the water-cooled copper crucible (3) is 10-50 mm, the height of the water-cooled copper crucible is 20-200 mm, the wall thickness of the inner layer and the wall thickness of the outer layer are 15mm, the wall of the inner layer and the wall of the outer layer are provided with four slits (30) corresponding to each other, the height of each slit (30) is 80mm, and the slits (30) are filled with a caulking material (31).
7. The method for preparing the TiAl semi-solid material by utilizing ultrasonic waves and electromagnetic fields according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the ceramic mold shell (2) is made of yttrium oxide, the inner diameter is 5-95 mm, the height is 50-300 mm, and the wall thickness is 2-50 mm.
8. The method for preparing the TiAl semi-solid material by utilizing ultrasonic waves and electromagnetic fields according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the inner diameter of the water-cooled copper crucible is 0.5mm larger than the outer diameter of the ceramic mould shell, and the inner diameter of the ceramic mould shell is 0.5mm larger than the outer diameter of the material rod.
9. The method for preparing the TiAl semi-solid material by utilizing ultrasonic waves and electromagnetic fields according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: and in the third step and the fourth step, the ultrasonic frequencies of the ultrasonic vibration head (1) and the ultrasonic generator (28) are fixed to be not changed into 20kHz, the maximum output power is 1200W, and the output amplitude is 5-7 mu m.
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