CN105397050A - Semi-solid forming method for copper alloy - Google Patents
Semi-solid forming method for copper alloy Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000010099 solid forming Methods 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 229910000754 Wrought iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 9
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种铜合金半固态成形方法,属于金属半固态成形技术领域。首先测量铜合金的固相线和液相线温度;在真空或者惰性气体保护气氛中将铜合金坯料加热至T+50℃~T+150℃,其中T为液相线温度;在真空或者惰性气体保护气氛中,将加热后的铜合金激冷并施加高能超声波振动使合金温度处于固相线和液相线温度区间内,激冷和高能超声波振动完成后进行保温,获得半固态浆料;将得到的半固态浆料进行挤压成形,成形结束后空冷至室温;经成形后的铜合金进行热处理,获得铜合金产品。本方法目的是为了解决铜合金半固态坯料制备、成形困难、成形周期长、产品成本高等问题,扩宽铜合金产品的深加工技术和方法。
The invention relates to a copper alloy semi-solid forming method, which belongs to the technical field of metal semi-solid forming. First measure the solidus and liquidus temperatures of the copper alloy; heat the copper alloy billet to T+50°C~T+150°C in a vacuum or inert gas protection atmosphere, where T is the liquidus temperature; In the gas protection atmosphere, the heated copper alloy is chilled and high-energy ultrasonic vibration is applied to make the alloy temperature in the temperature range of solidus and liquidus. After the chilling and high-energy ultrasonic vibration are completed, heat preservation is carried out to obtain a semi-solid slurry; The obtained semi-solid slurry is extruded and formed, and air-cooled to room temperature after forming; the formed copper alloy is subjected to heat treatment to obtain a copper alloy product. The purpose of the method is to solve the problems of copper alloy semi-solid blank preparation, difficult forming, long forming cycle, high product cost, etc., and widen the deep processing technology and method of copper alloy products.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种铜合金半固态成形方法,属于金属半固态成形技术领域。 The invention relates to a copper alloy semi-solid forming method, which belongs to the technical field of metal semi-solid forming.
背景技术 Background technique
20世纪70年代初美国麻省理工学院的研究小组首次提出了半固态成形技术。它是一种金属从液态向固态转变或从固态向液态转变(即固液共存)过程中所具有的特性进行成形的方法。该方法具有充型平稳、飞溅少、收缩率小、屈服强度低、流动性好、对模具的热冲击小、力学性能高、可实现高速近终成形等特点。因此,金属半固态成形技术日益受到各国政府、企业和科研机构的重视,被誉为21世纪最有发展潜力的金属材料成形技术之一。随着研究的不断深入,半固态成形已经发展成为一项极具应用潜力的材料成形新技术,并已初步实现了工业应用。 In the early 1970s, the research group of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology proposed the semi-solid forming technology for the first time. It is a method of forming metals according to their characteristics during the transition from liquid to solid or from solid to liquid (that is, solid-liquid coexistence). The method has the characteristics of stable filling, less spatter, small shrinkage, low yield strength, good fluidity, small thermal shock to the mold, high mechanical properties, and high-speed near-net forming. Therefore, metal semi-solid forming technology is increasingly valued by governments, enterprises and scientific research institutions, and is known as one of the most promising metal forming technologies in the 21st century. With the continuous deepening of research, semi-solid forming has developed into a new material forming technology with great application potential, and has initially realized industrial application.
金属半固态成形工艺主要分为流变成形和触变成形。流变成形是金属在凝固过程中,通过剧烈搅拌或凝固过程的控制,得到一种液态金属母液中均匀地悬浮着近球形固相组分的固液混合浆料,并利用此浆料直接成型加工的方法;触变成形是将经搅拌等工艺获得的具有非枝晶组织的半固态坯料冷却凝固后,根据需要将坯料切分,然后把切分的坯料重新加热至固-液两相区,在半固态温度下进行压力加工成形的方法。二者第一步都需要制备出组织均匀,晶粒尺寸较小的半固态浆料。目前,触变成形方法较多,工业应用也较多,但该方法需先制备浆料,然后凝固,再定量切割并重熔,再次获得浆料,最后成形获得产品,导致其工艺流程较长、能耗大、产品成本高。而流变成形减少了半固态浆料的二次加热过程,从金属半固态直接加工成形,因此流程短,操控简单,能耗小,成本低,生产效率高,且成形过程氧化夹杂少,铸件的成品和废料可在一个车间完成,提高了废料的利用率。因此开发短流程的半固态金属流变成形具有重要意义。 The metal semi-solid forming process is mainly divided into rheological forming and thixoforming. Rheological deformation is a kind of solid-liquid mixed slurry in which nearly spherical solid phase components are evenly suspended in the liquid metal mother liquor through vigorous stirring or control of the solidification process during the solidification process of metals, and the slurry is used to directly The method of forming processing; thixoforming is to cool and solidify the semi-solid billet with non-dendritic structure obtained by stirring and other processes, then cut the billet according to the need, and then reheat the cut billet to the solid-liquid state. Phase region, the method of forming by pressure working at semi-solid temperature. The first step of both needs to prepare a semi-solid slurry with uniform structure and small grain size. At present, there are many thixotropic forming methods, and there are many industrial applications, but this method needs to prepare the slurry first, then solidify, then quantitatively cut and remelt, obtain the slurry again, and finally form the product, resulting in a long process flow , high energy consumption and high product cost. The rheological forming reduces the secondary heating process of the semi-solid slurry, and it is directly processed from the metal semi-solid, so the process is short, the operation is simple, the energy consumption is small, the cost is low, the production efficiency is high, and there are few oxidized inclusions in the forming process, The finished products and waste materials of castings can be completed in one workshop, which improves the utilization rate of waste materials. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop short-flow semi-solid metal rheological deformation.
目前,金属半固态成形技术大多是针对铝、镁等低熔点合金,对于铜合金等高熔点合金的半固态研究还相对较少。这主要是因为铜合金熔点高、易氧化、热导率大,采用传统制浆法制备半固态坯料时会存在操作困难、模具要求高、铜液氧化等问题,使得制备的铜合金半固态坯料的组织性能较差或成本过高。此外,铜合金的应用领域广泛,传统的铸造成形存在模具寿命短、易氧化、产品能耗大、吸气等问题,而采用半固态成形技术则会显著降低模具温度、提高模具寿命、降低能耗,因此开展铜合金的半固态成形具有重要的应用价值。 At present, most of the metal semi-solid forming technologies are aimed at low-melting point alloys such as aluminum and magnesium, and there are relatively few semi-solid researches on high-melting point alloys such as copper alloys. This is mainly due to the high melting point of copper alloy, easy oxidation, and high thermal conductivity. When using traditional pulping methods to prepare semi-solid billets, there will be problems such as difficult operation, high mold requirements, and oxidation of copper liquid, which makes the prepared copper alloy semi-solid billets Organizations with poor performance or high costs. In addition, copper alloys are used in a wide range of fields. Traditional casting has problems such as short mold life, easy oxidation, high product energy consumption, and gas absorption. However, the use of semi-solid forming technology will significantly reduce mold temperature, improve mold life, and reduce energy consumption. Therefore, the semi-solid forming of copper alloys has important application value.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
针对上述现有技术存在的问题及不足,本发明提供一种铜合金半固态成形方法。本方法目的是为了解决铜合金半固态坯料制备、成形困难、成形周期长、产品成本高等问题,扩宽铜合金产品的深加工技术和方法。 Aiming at the problems and deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a copper alloy semi-solid forming method. The purpose of the method is to solve the problems of copper alloy semi-solid blank preparation, difficult forming, long forming cycle, high product cost, etc., and widen the deep processing technology and method of copper alloy products.
本发明的技术方案是:首先测量铜合金的固液温度区间,将铜合金在真空或惰性气体保护中加热至液相线温度以上,然后对熔体进行快速冷却,在冷却的同时对熔体施加高能超声波振动,待熔体冷却至半固态温度区间时,停止激冷和振动,同时对熔体保温并进行快速挤压成形,随后空冷至室温,并进行相应的热处理,最终获得铜合金流变成形产品,其具体步骤如下: The technical solution of the present invention is: firstly measure the solid-liquid temperature range of the copper alloy, heat the copper alloy above the liquidus temperature in a vacuum or inert gas protection, then rapidly cool the melt, and cool the melt while cooling. Apply high-energy ultrasonic vibration, and when the melt cools to the semi-solid temperature range, stop the chilling and vibration, and at the same time keep the melt warm and perform rapid extrusion molding, then air-cool to room temperature, and perform corresponding heat treatment, and finally obtain the copper alloy flow To become a shaped product, the specific steps are as follows:
(1)测量铜合金的固相线和液相线温度; (1) Measure the solidus and liquidus temperatures of copper alloys;
(2)在真空或者惰性气体保护气氛中将铜合金坯料加热至T+50℃~T+150℃,其中T为液相线温度; (2) Heating the copper alloy billet to T+50℃~T+150℃ in a vacuum or inert gas protection atmosphere, where T is the liquidus temperature;
(3)在真空或者惰性气体保护气氛中,将经步骤(2)加热后的铜合金激冷并施加高能超声波振动使合金温度处于固相线和液相线温度区间内,激冷和高能超声波振动完成后进行保温,获得半固态浆料; (3) In a vacuum or an inert gas protective atmosphere, chill the copper alloy heated in step (2) and apply high-energy ultrasonic vibrations to keep the alloy temperature within the temperature range of solidus and liquidus. Chilling and high-energy ultrasonic vibration After the vibration is completed, heat preservation is carried out to obtain a semi-solid slurry;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的半固态浆料进行挤压成形,成形结束后空冷至室温; (4) Extrude the semi-solid slurry obtained in step (3), and air cool to room temperature after forming;
(5)经步骤(4)成形后的铜合金进行热处理,获得铜合金产品。 (5) heat-treating the copper alloy formed in step (4) to obtain a copper alloy product.
所述步骤(2)和(3)的真空条件为10-1~10-4Pa。 The vacuum condition of the steps (2) and (3) is 10 -1 ~ 10 -4 Pa.
所述步骤(2)激冷为将内部通有冷却水的钢棒、铜棒或石墨棒插入到加热后的铜合金中并停留5~10s,然后取出,间隔3~10s后再第二次放入和取出,如此往复进行,使熔体温度处于固相线和液相线温度区间内,放入和取出的次数由拟得到的半固态浆料液相率确定:高半固态浆料液相率放入和取出的次数少,低半固态浆料液相率放入和取出的次数多。 The step (2) chilling is to insert a steel rod, copper rod or graphite rod with cooling water inside into the heated copper alloy and stay for 5-10s, then take it out, and then do it again after an interval of 3-10s Putting in and taking out, so reciprocating, so that the temperature of the melt is within the temperature range of the solidus and liquidus, the number of times of putting in and taking out is determined by the liquid phase ratio of the semi-solid slurry to be obtained: high semi-solid slurry liquid The number of times to put in and take out the phase ratio is less, and the number of times to put in and take out the liquid phase ratio of the low semi-solid slurry is more.
所述步骤(2)高能超声波振动的超声功率为150W~1200W、振动频率为15kHZ~40kHZ。 In the step (2), the ultrasonic power of the high-energy ultrasonic vibration is 150W-1200W, and the vibration frequency is 15kHZ-40kHZ.
所述步骤(2)保温时间为2~10min。 The heat preservation time of the step (2) is 2-10 minutes.
上述步骤(2)激冷放入和取出过程中不施加高能超声波振动。 The above-mentioned step (2) does not apply high-energy ultrasonic vibrations during the chilling putting in and taking out process.
上述步骤(4)挤压模具要预热,避免半固态浆料快速降温。 The extrusion die in the above step (4) should be preheated to avoid rapid cooling of the semi-solid slurry.
所述步骤(5)中热处理的目的是进一步提高组织均匀性,获得高性能的铜合金产品。(热处理的条件根据合金的成分及要求来设定,为常规参数) The purpose of the heat treatment in the step (5) is to further improve the uniformity of the structure and obtain high-performance copper alloy products. (The conditions of heat treatment are set according to the composition and requirements of the alloy, which are conventional parameters)
本发明所述的热处理及挤压方法均为常规方法。 The heat treatment and extrusion methods described in the present invention are conventional methods.
本发明的有益效果是: The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1)采用本发明,使合金在液相线温度以上受到激冷作用,使激冷区温度快速下降,从而形成大量晶核,获得半固态浆料;同时,对液态铜合金施加高能超声波,其气蚀效应中气泡破裂导致的压力冲击波会造成枝晶臂的断裂,声流现象又会将破裂的枝晶臂均匀分布在熔体中,使半固态浆料的组织均匀、细小。采用超声振动与激冷综合处理后,可使熔体中的晶粒细化、抑制枝晶组织、提高熔体均匀程度和减少偏析,再加上处理后的适当保温使温度均匀,最终可获得均匀、细小球化的半固态浆料,解决了传统方法制备铜合金半固态浆料成本高、模具寿命短、浆料易氧化、周期长等问题。 (1) With the present invention, the alloy is subjected to chilling above the liquidus temperature, and the temperature in the chilling zone drops rapidly, thereby forming a large number of crystal nuclei and obtaining a semi-solid slurry; at the same time, applying high-energy ultrasonic waves to the liquid copper alloy, In the cavitation effect, the pressure shock wave caused by the bursting of the bubbles will cause the breakage of the dendrite arms, and the acoustic flow phenomenon will evenly distribute the broken dendrite arms in the melt, so that the structure of the semi-solid slurry is uniform and fine. After the comprehensive treatment of ultrasonic vibration and chilling, the grains in the melt can be refined, the dendrite structure can be suppressed, the uniformity of the melt can be improved, and the segregation can be reduced. In addition, proper heat preservation after treatment can make the temperature uniform, and finally can be obtained Uniform and fine spheroidized semi-solid slurry solves the problems of high cost, short mold life, easy oxidation of slurry and long cycle time for preparing copper alloy semi-solid slurry by traditional methods.
(2)采用本发明,将制备的铜合金半固态浆料直接送至挤压模具内,减少了半固态浆料氧化、降温等问题,成形效率高,产品的组织致密、均匀,性能优良。流变成形件的平均晶粒尺寸在80~140um,抗拉强度提高5~10%,延伸率提高6~8%。 (2) With the present invention, the prepared copper alloy semi-solid slurry is directly sent to the extrusion die, which reduces the problems of oxidation and cooling of the semi-solid slurry, high forming efficiency, compact and uniform structure of the product, and excellent performance. The average grain size of rheologically formed parts is 80~140um, the tensile strength is increased by 5~10%, and the elongation is increased by 6~8%.
(3)本发明具有流程短、成形效率高、能耗低、产品成本低、性能均匀、产品结构复杂等优点。 (3) The present invention has the advantages of short process, high forming efficiency, low energy consumption, low product cost, uniform performance, and complex product structure.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明工艺流程图; Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例1制备得到的ZCuSn10锡青铜合金的微观组织图。 Fig. 2 is a microstructure diagram of the ZCuSn10 tin bronze alloy prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.
具体实施方式 detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施方式,对本发明作进一步说明。 The present invention will be further described below in combination with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
实施例1 Example 1
以制备ZCuSn10锡青铜产品为例。 Take the preparation of ZCuSn10 tin bronze products as an example.
如图1所示,该铜合金半固态成形方法,其具体步骤如下: As shown in Figure 1, the copper alloy semi-solid forming method, its specific steps are as follows:
(1)测量铜合金的固相线和液相线温度;ZCuSn10锡青铜合金利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测量该合金的固相线温度为830℃,液相线温度为1020℃; (1) Measure the solidus and liquidus temperatures of the copper alloy; the ZCuSn10 tin bronze alloy uses differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to measure the solidus temperature of the alloy to be 830°C and the liquidus temperature to be 1020°C;
(2)在氩气保护气氛中将铜合金坯料(ZCuSn10)加热至T+100℃(1120℃),其中T为液相线温度; (2) Heat the copper alloy blank (ZCuSn10) to T+100°C (1120°C) in an argon protective atmosphere, where T is the liquidus temperature;
(3)在氩气保护气氛中,将经步骤(2)加热后的铜合金激冷并施加高能超声波振动使合金温度处于固相线和液相线温度区间内,激冷和高能超声波振动完成后进行保温5min,获得半固态浆料;其中激冷为将直径为40mm、内部通有冷却水的钢棒插入到加热后的铜合金中并停留5s,然后取出,间隔10s后再第二次放入和取出,如此往复进行4次;高能超声波振动的超声功率为1200W、振动频率为40kHZ; (3) In an argon protective atmosphere, chill the copper alloy heated in step (2) and apply high-energy ultrasonic vibration to keep the temperature of the alloy within the temperature range of solidus and liquidus. The chilling and high-energy ultrasonic vibration are completed. Finally, heat preservation for 5 minutes to obtain a semi-solid slurry; among them, the quenching is to insert a steel rod with a diameter of 40 mm and cooling water inside into the heated copper alloy and stay for 5 seconds, then take it out, and then repeat it for the second time after an interval of 10 seconds. Put in and take out, so reciprocate 4 times; the ultrasonic power of the high-energy ultrasonic vibration is 1200W, and the vibration frequency is 40kHZ;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的半固态浆料进行挤压成形,成形结束后在氮气气氛保护下空冷至室温; (4) Extrude the semi-solid slurry obtained in step (3), and air-cool to room temperature under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere after forming;
(5)经步骤(4)成形后的铜合金进行热处理(加热至680℃保温4h),获得铜合金产品(ZCuSn10锡青铜产品)。 (5) The copper alloy formed in step (4) is subjected to heat treatment (heated to 680° C. for 4 hours), and a copper alloy product (ZCuSn10 tin bronze product) is obtained.
本实施例制备得到的ZCuSn10锡青铜产品微观组织图如图2所示,由图2可以看出其组织均匀、细小、圆整度高,平均晶粒直径为118um。 The microstructure diagram of the ZCuSn10 tin bronze product prepared in this example is shown in Figure 2. From Figure 2, it can be seen that the structure is uniform, fine, and rounded, and the average grain diameter is 118um.
结果表明本发明具有流程短、成型效率高等优点,并可获得结构复杂、组织致密均匀、性能均匀的产品,可以应用于铜合金半固态流变成形产品的制备。 The results show that the invention has the advantages of short process and high molding efficiency, and can obtain products with complex structure, dense and uniform structure and uniform performance, and can be applied to the preparation of copper alloy semi-solid rheomorphic products.
实施例2 Example 2
以制备ZCuSn10P1锡青铜产品为例。 Take the preparation of ZCuSn10P1 tin bronze products as an example.
如图1所示,该铜合金半固态成形方法,其具体步骤如下: As shown in Figure 1, the copper alloy semi-solid forming method, its specific steps are as follows:
(1)测量铜合金的固相线和液相线温度;ZCuSn10P1锡青铜合金利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测量该合金的固相线温度为820℃,液相线温度为1003℃; (1) Measure the solidus and liquidus temperatures of copper alloys; ZCuSn10P1 tin bronze alloy uses differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to measure the solidus temperature of the alloy to be 820°C and the liquidus temperature to be 1003°C;
(2)在氩气保护气氛中将铜合金坯料(ZCuSn10P1)加热至T+117℃(1120℃),其中T为液相线温度; (2) Heat the copper alloy blank (ZCuSn10P1) to T+117°C (1120°C) in an argon protective atmosphere, where T is the liquidus temperature;
(3)在氩气保护气氛中,将经步骤(2)加热后的铜合金激冷并施加高能超声波振动使合金温度处于固相线和液相线温度区间内,激冷和高能超声波振动完成后进行保温2min,获得半固态浆料;其中激冷为将6根直径为30mm、内部通有冷却水的钢棒插入到加热后的铜合金中并停留5s,然后取出,间隔10s后再第二次放入和取出,如此往复直至温度下降到850℃时;高能超声波振动的超声功率为1200W、振动频率为20kHZ; (3) In an argon protective atmosphere, chill the copper alloy heated in step (2) and apply high-energy ultrasonic vibration to keep the temperature of the alloy within the temperature range of solidus and liquidus. The chilling and high-energy ultrasonic vibration are completed. Afterwards, keep warm for 2 minutes to obtain a semi-solid slurry; among them, the quenching is to insert 6 steel rods with a diameter of 30 mm and cooling water inside into the heated copper alloy and stay for 5 seconds, then take it out, and then wait for another 10 seconds. Put in and take out for the second time, and reciprocate until the temperature drops to 850°C; the ultrasonic power of high-energy ultrasonic vibration is 1200W, and the vibration frequency is 20kHZ;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的半固态浆料进行挤压成形,成形结束后在氮气气氛保护下空冷至室温; (4) Extrude the semi-solid slurry obtained in step (3), and air-cool to room temperature under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere after forming;
(5)经步骤(4)成形后的铜合金进行热处理(加热至630℃保温2h),获得铜合金产品(ZCuSn10P1锡青铜产品)。 (5) The copper alloy formed in step (4) is subjected to heat treatment (heating to 630° C. for 2 hours) to obtain a copper alloy product (ZCuSn10P1 tin bronze product).
实施例3 Example 3
以制备ZCuSn10P1锡青铜产品为例。 Take the preparation of ZCuSn10P1 tin bronze products as an example.
如图1所示,该铜合金半固态成形方法,其具体步骤如下: As shown in Figure 1, the copper alloy semi-solid forming method, its specific steps are as follows:
(1)测量铜合金的固相线和液相线温度;ZCuSn10P1锡青铜合金利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测量该合金的固相线温度为820℃,液相线温度为1003℃; (1) Measure the solidus and liquidus temperatures of copper alloys; ZCuSn10P1 tin bronze alloy uses differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to measure the solidus temperature of the alloy to be 820°C and the liquidus temperature to be 1003°C;
(2)在氩气保护气氛中将铜合金坯料(ZCuSn10P1)加热至T+50℃(1053℃),其中T为液相线温度; (2) Heat the copper alloy blank (ZCuSn10P1) to T+50°C (1053°C) in an argon protective atmosphere, where T is the liquidus temperature;
(3)在氩气保护气氛中,将经步骤(2)加热后的铜合金激冷并施加高能超声波振动使合金温度处于固相线和液相线温度区间内,激冷和高能超声波振动完成后进行保温2min,获得半固态浆料;其中激冷为将4根直径为20mm、内部通有冷却水的石墨棒插入到加热后的铜合金中并停留10s,然后取出,间隔3s后再第二次放入和取出,如此往复直至温度下降到900℃时;高能超声波振动的超声功率为150W、振动频率为15kHZ; (3) In an argon protective atmosphere, chill the copper alloy heated in step (2) and apply high-energy ultrasonic vibration to keep the temperature of the alloy within the temperature range of solidus and liquidus. The chilling and high-energy ultrasonic vibration are completed. Afterwards, keep warm for 2 minutes to obtain a semi-solid slurry; among them, the quenching is to insert 4 graphite rods with a diameter of 20 mm and cooling water inside into the heated copper alloy and stay for 10 seconds, then take it out, and then wait for another 3 seconds. Put in and take out for the second time, and reciprocate until the temperature drops to 900°C; the ultrasonic power of the high-energy ultrasonic vibration is 150W, and the vibration frequency is 15kHZ;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的半固态浆料进行挤压成形,成形结束后在氮气气氛保护下空冷至室温; (4) Extrude the semi-solid slurry obtained in step (3), and air-cool to room temperature under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere after forming;
(5)经步骤(4)成形后的铜合金进行热处理(加热至630℃保温2h),获得铜合金产品(ZCuSn10P1锡青铜产品)。 (5) The copper alloy formed in step (4) is subjected to heat treatment (heating to 630° C. for 2 hours) to obtain a copper alloy product (ZCuSn10P1 tin bronze product).
实施例4 Example 4
以制备ZCuSn10P1锡青铜产品为例。 Take the preparation of ZCuSn10P1 tin bronze products as an example.
如图1所示,该铜合金半固态成形方法,其具体步骤如下: As shown in Figure 1, the copper alloy semi-solid forming method, its specific steps are as follows:
(1)测量铜合金的固相线和液相线温度;ZCuSn10P1锡青铜合金利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测量该合金的固相线温度为820℃,液相线温度为1003℃; (1) Measure the solidus and liquidus temperatures of copper alloys; ZCuSn10P1 tin bronze alloy uses differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to measure the solidus temperature of the alloy to be 820°C and the liquidus temperature to be 1003°C;
(2)在真空度为10-1Pa真空条件下将铜合金坯料(ZCuSn10P1)加热至T+150℃(1153℃),其中T为液相线温度; (2) Heat the copper alloy billet (ZCuSn10P1) to T+150°C (1153°C) under a vacuum condition of 10 -1 Pa, where T is the liquidus temperature;
(3)在氩气保护气氛中,将经步骤(2)加热后的铜合金激冷并施加高能超声波振动使合金温度处于固相线和液相线温度区间内,激冷和高能超声波振动完成后进行保温10min,获得半固态浆料;其中激冷为将4根直径为20mm、内部通有冷却水的石墨棒插入到加热后的铜合金中并停留8s,然后取出,间隔7s后再第二次放入和取出,如此往复直至温度下降到900℃时;高能超声波振动的超声功率为650W、振动频率为40kHZ; (3) In an argon protective atmosphere, chill the copper alloy heated in step (2) and apply high-energy ultrasonic vibration to keep the temperature of the alloy within the temperature range of solidus and liquidus. The chilling and high-energy ultrasonic vibration are completed. Afterwards, keep warm for 10 minutes to obtain a semi-solid slurry; among them, the quenching is to insert 4 graphite rods with a diameter of 20 mm and cooling water inside into the heated copper alloy and stay for 8 seconds, then take it out, and wait for another 7 seconds. Put in and take out for the second time, and reciprocate until the temperature drops to 900°C; the ultrasonic power of the high-energy ultrasonic vibration is 650W, and the vibration frequency is 40kHZ;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的半固态浆料进行挤压成形,成形结束后在氮气气氛保护下空冷至室温; (4) Extrude the semi-solid slurry obtained in step (3), and air-cool to room temperature under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere after forming;
(5)经步骤(4)成形后的铜合金进行热处理(加热至630℃保温2h),获得铜合金产品(ZCuSn10P1锡青铜产品)。 (5) The copper alloy formed in step (4) is subjected to heat treatment (heating to 630° C. for 2 hours) to obtain a copper alloy product (ZCuSn10P1 tin bronze product).
以上结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作了详细说明,但是本发明并不限于上述实施方式,在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。 The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Variations.
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