CN111451504B - Structure refinement and isometric crystal conversion method for titanium alloy component manufactured by laser fuse additive manufacturing - Google Patents

Structure refinement and isometric crystal conversion method for titanium alloy component manufactured by laser fuse additive manufacturing Download PDF

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CN111451504B
CN111451504B CN202010282733.4A CN202010282733A CN111451504B CN 111451504 B CN111451504 B CN 111451504B CN 202010282733 A CN202010282733 A CN 202010282733A CN 111451504 B CN111451504 B CN 111451504B
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laser fuse
ultrasonic impact
ultrasonic
forging
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CN111451504A (en
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姜风春
袁丁
果春焕
严家印
王泽昌
西祥伟
王建东
王振强
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Harbin Engineering University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F3/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by special physical methods, e.g. treatment with neutrons
    • C22F3/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by special physical methods, e.g. treatment with neutrons by solidifying a melt controlled by supersonic waves or electric or magnetic fields
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for thinning a structure and converting isometric crystals of a titanium alloy component manufactured by laser fuse additive manufacturing, which specifically comprises the following steps: coupling an ultrasonic impact micro-forging device with a laser fuse material additive manufacturing device, and performing synchronous composite manufacturing in a composite mode that the laser fuse material additive manufacturing device is arranged in front of the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and the laser fuse material additive manufacturing device is arranged behind the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device; reasonably planning the path of the workpiece according to the shape of the workpiece, and setting parameters of a related ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and a laser fuse additive manufacturing system, so that effective compatibility is realized, and the composite manufacturing process is controlled; synchronously performing ultrasonic impact micro-forging treatment layer by layer in the laser fuse process according to the path planning and the system parameters until the additive manufacturing process of the titanium alloy component is completed; the method provided by the invention is used for, but not limited to, a laser fuse deposition additive manufacturing technology, and can be applied and popularized in additive manufacturing processes such as arc fuses, plasma arc fuses, electron beam fuses and the like.

Description

Structure refinement and isometric crystal conversion method for titanium alloy component manufactured by laser fuse additive manufacturing
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for tissue refinement and isometric crystal conversion of a titanium alloy component, in particular to a method for tissue refinement and isometric crystal conversion of a titanium alloy component manufactured by laser fuse material increase, and belongs to the technical field of rapid forming and material increase manufacturing of titanium alloy components.
Background
The titanium alloy has the advantages of low density, high strength, high yield ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, high-temperature mechanical property and the like, and has been widely applied to the fields of aerospace, transportation, biomedical treatment and the like. However, during the rapid forming and additive manufacturing process of titanium alloy, a great temperature gradient and a heating and cooling rate exist, which generally cause the metal or alloy to generate coarse columnar crystals in the forming process, and the phenomenon is particularly prominent in the direct melting deposition additive manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V alloy wires. Research shows that the reason why the Ti-6Al-4V alloy is easy to form coarse columnar crystals in the additive manufacturing process is that the nucleation rate is low in the solidification process, crystal grains of a subsequent deposition layer continue to grow along a certain crystal face of the crystal grains of the early titanium alloy when the subsequent deposition layer is solidified, the coarse beta columnar crystals penetrating through a plurality of deposition layers are presented on the macroscopic structure of a component due to the obvious tendency of epitaxial growth of the titanium alloy, the length direction can reach several millimeters, and even large-size single crystals can be directly prepared by controlling the solidification growth. The appearance of the coarse columnar crystals can cause the prepared structural part to generate obvious anisotropy, so that the strength, toughness, damage tolerance and fatigue performance of the titanium alloy component manufactured by the additive manufacturing are far lower than those of a titanium alloy forging, and the application of the prepared titanium alloy component in industry is restricted. Therefore, how to adopt a simple and easy process method to improve the deposition forming structure of the titanium alloy wire and obtain the small-sized equiaxed crystal titanium alloy component is a bottleneck technology to be solved urgently in the field of titanium alloy additive manufacturing.
Currently, various methods and techniques have been developed to solve the problem of the formation of coarse columnar grains in titanium alloy components during the metal additive manufacturing process. For example, it has been found that the nucleation capability of titanium alloys can be improved by the addition of alloying elements. The additive manufacturing center of the royal Mueller's institute of technology researches a titanium alloy containing Cu element, and the result shows that the addition of copper element increases the nucleation rate of the titanium alloy during solidification, and the Ti-Cu alloy prepared by additive manufacturing obtains fine isometric crystal under the precondition of no treatment means. Due to the effect of fine grain strengthening, the alloy achieves more excellent yield strength and toughness than conventional as-cast and wrought Ti-6Al-4V alloys. However, the alloying elements introduced into the Ti-6Al-4V alloy can change the components and other properties of the original material to some extent, and the introduction of the alloying elements can hardly avoid the segregation to some extent during the solidification of the molten pool. For applications requiring strict composition of titanium alloys, the techniques for modifying the composition of titanium alloys are limited.
On the premise of not changing the components of the titanium alloy, the method for improving the microstructure of the titanium alloy component by additive manufacturing and obtaining equiaxed fine grains by the aid of the external force field and the external energy field mainly comprises the following steps: mechanical rolling and ultrasonic interference.
(1) Rolling by rolling
Researchers at the university of Kriffield in British firstly adopt a rolling mode to perform large-scale plastic deformation treatment on a deposition layer manufactured by additive manufacturing, and discover that beta grains can be effectively refined, the texture strength of beta phase and alpha phase in the material is reduced, the anisotropy of the material is weakened, and the performance of the prepared titanium alloy part is integrally improved through the layer-by-layer rolling effect on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy manufactured by additive manufacturing of the arc fuse. The method for refining the grains by depositing the large plastic deformation layer is realized by applying large pressure (up to 75kN), when large load is applied to a thin-wall part or a part with a complex inner cavity, the large load is easy to generate plastic deformation, even directly causes the damage of the high-strength titanium alloy thin-wall part, and cannot finish the grain control and additive manufacturing process of the titanium alloy thin-wall part. .
(2) Ultrasonic disturbance treatment of molten bath
In the conventional welding and casting field, the action of high-intensity ultrasound can affect the structure and properties of materials during solidification and crystallization of the materials. The ultrasound can generate ultrasonic cavitation and acoustic flow effect in the process of material solidification, improve the nucleation rate and reduce component segregation, thereby obtaining fine equiaxed crystal structure. Recently, the high-intensity ultrasonic technology used in the casting process at an early stage is applied to additive manufacturing abroad, and the solidification process of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy deposition layer is controlled. Research shows that the structure of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy subjected to the high-intensity ultrasonic action is converted from coarse columnar crystals into fine isometric crystals. Therefore, the intervention of the ultrasonic energy field on a deposition layer molten pool in the additive manufacturing process can effectively solve the problems of epitaxial growth and coarse structure in the additive manufacturing process. However, most of these techniques adopt the action of applying an ultrasonic energy field from the bottom of the component, the ultrasonic wave penetrates through the component to interfere with the molten pool of the top deposition layer, and the control of the titanium alloy crystal grains is realized by utilizing the cavitation gas evolution effect and the sound flow stirring uniform effect of the ultrasonic wave. However, as the deposited layer and the size of the component increase, the effect of the ultrasonic energy field on the alloy solidification process in the molten pool at the top end of the component is smaller and smaller, so that the technology is difficult to be applied to the additive manufacturing of the large-size titanium alloy component. In addition, when the technology is implemented, an ultrasonic energy field must be applied from the bottom end of the component, synchronously tracks and accurately acts on a molten pool on the upper part of the component, and an ultrasonic device on the bottom and a high-energy beam deposition head on the upper part also must synchronously move in a coordinated mode according to a planned path. Therefore, the technology is not suitable for additive manufacturing of large-size and complex-structure titanium alloy components, so that no report of application and popularization in engineering is found yet.
Analysis shows that a plurality of applicable engineering technologies are developed at home and abroad in the aspect of the structure control technology for preparing the titanium alloy component by high-energy beam powder deposition. For example, an advanced laser powder cladding forming process is adopted in China, a full isometric crystal titanium alloy structure is obtained by increasing a nucleation part in a liquid-solid two-phase region and enlarging an isometric crystal region of a liquid molten pool, active regulation and control of the titanium alloy component structure are realized, and a large-size titanium alloy component is prepared. However, in the field of low-cost and high-efficiency high-energy beam fuse deposition additive manufacturing technology, practical technology for isometric crystal transformation of titanium alloy components has not been developed so far. The existing method for manufacturing the titanium alloy structure by thinning and adding materials comprises the following steps: the method has the advantages that the titanium alloy components are changed, the rolling and rolling, the ultrasonic interference treatment of a molten pool and the like have certain limitations, and the popularization and the application of the high-efficiency and low-cost fuse forming additive manufacturing technology in the rapid forming and additive manufacturing of the titanium alloy component are seriously hindered in the state.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for thinning a structure and converting isometric crystals of a titanium alloy member manufactured by a laser fuse additive manufacturing method in order to solve the problems of coarse structure and poor fatigue performance of a titanium alloy in the additive manufacturing process of a large-scale complex part.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for thinning the structure and converting isometric crystals of a titanium alloy component manufactured by laser fuse material increase is characterized in that an ultrasonic impact micro-forging device is coupled with a laser fuse material increase manufacturing system, and each deposition layer is synchronously subjected to ultrasonic micro-forging treatment in the process of manufacturing the titanium alloy by the laser fuse material increase until a workpiece is finished, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, coupling the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device with a laser fuse material increase manufacturing device, and performing synchronous composite manufacturing in a composite mode that the laser fuse material increase manufacturing device is arranged in front of the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and the laser fuse material increase manufacturing device is arranged behind the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device; similarly, the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device can be used for the front, and the laser fuse wire additive manufacturing device can be used for the rear composite mode for synchronous composite manufacturing;
s2, reasonably planning the path of the workpiece according to the shape of the workpiece, setting parameters of a related ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and laser fuse additive manufacturing system, realizing effective compatibility, and controlling the composite manufacturing process of the workpiece;
and S3, synchronously performing ultrasonic impact micro-forging treatment layer by layer in the laser fuse process according to the path planning and the system parameters until the additive manufacturing process of the titanium alloy component is completed.
The invention also includes such features:
the effective acting distance between the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and the laser fuse additive manufacturing deposition head is L; the included angle between the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and the deposition layer is alpha; the acting force between the ultrasonic micro-forging device and the deposition layer is F;
in the step S1, the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and the laser fuse additive manufacturing system are connected together for adjustment, or two independent systems can be separated for synchronous coupling work;
the ultrasonic impact micro-forging parameters in the step S2 comprise: ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic amplitude, and force F on the deposit; the laser fuse additive manufacturing system parameters include: laser power, scanning speed, wire feeding angle, wire diameter, defocusing amount and atmosphere protection gas flow;
the adjustment range of the effective acting distance L between the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and the additive manufacturing deposition head is 0-50 mm;
the adjustment range of an included angle alpha between the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and the deposition layer is 30-90 degrees;
the control range of the down pressure F between the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and the deposition layer is 0-2000N.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the deposited layer of the titanium alloy manufactured by the laser fuse additive manufacturing is subjected to ultrasonic treatment synchronously by the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device, so that the titanium alloy deposited layer can be subjected to ultrasonic impact micro-forging treatment at a higher temperature, certain plastic deformation is carried out on the surface layer of the deposited layer, and the residual stress generated in the laser fuse additive manufacturing process can be effectively released by ultrasonic vibration due to the fact that the ultrasonic is transmitted in the whole workpiece;
(2) the deposited layer of the titanium alloy manufactured by the laser fuse wire additive manufacturing is synchronously subjected to ultrasonic treatment through an ultrasonic impact micro-forging device, so that ultrasonic waves can continuously act on a molten pool in a relatively stable parameter manner, the interference effect of the ultrasonic waves on the molten pool is ensured, and the structure and isometric crystal transformation of a titanium alloy component are continuously and stably refined;
(3) the invention has another technical characteristic that the distance between the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and the laser fuse material additive manufacturing deposition head can be adjusted to be L according to the specific requirement of the service performance of the titanium alloy component; the included angle between the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and the deposition layer is alpha, so that the impact temperature of the deposition layer can be adjusted, and the interference effect of a molten pool can be controlled.
(4) Compared with a mode of applying ultrasonic interference at the bottom end, the structural design of synchronous working of the laser fuse additive manufacturing titanium alloy component tissue thinning and isometric crystal conversion method provided by the invention can simplify the path planning of the whole component additive manufacturing, so that the method can be suitable for manufacturing large-scale complex titanium alloy structural components;
(5) the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and the laser fuse device in the method provided by the invention have compact structures, can occupy smaller structural space when integrated equipment is designed, and are suitable for popularization and application in material increase and decrease integrated composite manufacturing technology and equipment.
(6) The method provided by the invention is used for, but not limited to, a laser fuse deposition additive manufacturing technology, and can be applied and popularized in additive manufacturing processes of arc fuses, plasma arc fuses, electron beam fuses and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an ultrasonic impact micro-forging apparatus and a laser fuse additive manufacturing apparatus; wherein: 1-a laser system; 2-wire feeding system; 3-ultrasonic impact micro-forging device; 4-Ti-6 Al-4V alloy deposition layer; 5-Ti-6 Al-4V substrate; 6, a molten pool;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of ultrasonic vibrations being transmitted to the molten pool in different directions as they act on the deposit through different angles; wherein A is0Is the ultrasonic amplitude; f is the ultrasonic frequency; t is time; alpha is the action angle of the ultrasonic micro forging and the deposition layer; a. the1、A2Are different directional components;
FIGS. 3a-b illustrate the additive manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V alloy structure using a conventional laser fuse; wherein (a) is macroscopic tissue morphology, and (b) is macroscopic tissue morphology
FIGS. 4a-b are laser fuse additive manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V alloy structures after ultrasonic impact micro-forging; wherein (a) is macroscopic tissue morphology and (b) is macroscopic tissue morphology.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention aims to provide a simple method for tissue refinement and isometric crystal conversion of a titanium alloy component manufactured by laser fuse material increase, which couples an ultrasonic impact micro-forging device with a laser fuse material increase manufacturing device, introduces a high-intensity ultrasonic energy field into the laser fuse material increase manufacturing process, simultaneously plays the interference effect of the ultrasonic energy field on a molten pool and the impact strengthening effect on a solid deposition layer, realizes the improvement of isometric crystal transformation, grain refinement and mechanical property of the titanium alloy component, and solves the problems of thick structure and poor fatigue property of the titanium alloy in the material increase manufacturing process of large-scale complex parts.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the simple method for tissue refinement and isometric crystal conversion of the titanium alloy component manufactured by the laser fuse additive manufacturing method is characterized in that an ultrasonic impact micro-forging device is coupled with a laser fuse additive manufacturing system, and each deposition layer is synchronously subjected to ultrasonic micro-forging treatment in the process of manufacturing the titanium alloy by the laser fuse additive manufacturing method until a workpiece is finished. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, coupling the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device with a laser fuse material increase manufacturing device, and performing synchronous composite manufacturing in a composite mode that the laser fuse material increase manufacturing device is arranged in front of the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and the laser fuse material increase manufacturing device is arranged behind the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device; similarly, the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device can be used for the front, and the laser fuse wire additive manufacturing device can be used for the rear composite mode for synchronous composite manufacturing;
s2, reasonably planning the path of the workpiece according to the shape of the workpiece, setting parameters of a related ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and laser fuse additive manufacturing system, realizing effective compatibility, and controlling the composite manufacturing process of the workpiece;
and S3, synchronously performing ultrasonic impact micro-forging treatment layer by layer in the laser fuse process according to the path planning and the system parameters until the additive manufacturing process of the titanium alloy component is completed.
S4, setting the effective acting distance between the ultrasonic impact micro forging device and the laser fuse wire additive manufacturing deposition head to be L; the included angle between the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and the deposition layer is alpha; the acting force between the ultrasonic micro-forging device and the deposition layer is F;
further, in step S1, the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device is connected to the laser fuse additive manufacturing system for adjustment, or two independent systems can be separated for synchronous coupling operation.
Further, in step S2, the ultrasonic impact micro-forging parameters include: parameters such as ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic amplitude and acting force F on a deposition layer;
further, in step S2, the laser fuse additive manufacturing system parameters include: laser power, scanning speed, wire feeding angle, wire diameter, defocusing amount, atmosphere protection gas flow and other parameters;
further, in step S4, the effective acting distance L between the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and the additive manufacturing deposition head is adjustable, and the adjustment range is 0-50 mm, so as to meet different requirements for impact strengthening of the deposition layer and interference on the molten pool.
Further, in step S4, the included angle α between the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and the deposition layer is adjustable, and the adjustment range is 30 ° to 90 °.
Further, in step S4, the down force F between the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and the deposition layer is controllable within a range of 0-2000N.
The technical principle of the invention is explained as follows:
the invention discloses a simple method for tissue refinement and isometric crystal conversion of a titanium alloy component manufactured by laser fuse material increase, which is characterized in that on the basis of the traditional laser fuse material increase manufacturing, an ultrasonic impact micro forging device is used for synchronously carrying out ultrasonic treatment on a deposition layer of the titanium alloy manufactured by the laser fuse material increase manufacturing, high-intensity ultrasonic is introduced into the deposition process, the stress state of a solid deposition layer is improved, residual tensile stress generated by the material increase manufacturing is converted into compressive stress, and the fatigue performance of the titanium alloy component is greatly improved. On the other hand, the tangential component of the ultrasonic wave can be transmitted to a front-end molten pool of the impact point, the molten pool is interfered by the ultrasonic cavitation effect and the acoustic flow effect generated in the molten pool by the high-intensity ultrasonic, the nucleation rate in the solidification process of the titanium alloy is increased, the crystal grains of the titanium alloy are refined, and the component distribution in the solidification process is improved. Compared with the traditional process for manufacturing the titanium alloy by the additive manufacturing of the laser fuse wire, the ultrasonic impact micro-forging treatment on the additive manufacturing process layer by layer can effectively refine the structure of each deposition layer, weaken the epitaxial growth trend of the titanium alloy in the additive manufacturing process, integrally refine the structure of the whole additive manufacturing titanium alloy workpiece, weaken the anisotropy of the titanium alloy workpiece, obtain the titanium alloy component with excellent performance, and provide an effective method for the structure refinement and the isometric crystal transformation of the additive manufacturing titanium alloy component.
A method for thinning the structure and converting isometric crystals of a titanium alloy component manufactured by laser fuse additive manufacturing is characterized in that an ultrasonic micro-forging device is coupled with a laser fuse additive manufacturing system, and each deposition layer of the titanium alloy manufactured by the laser fuse additive manufacturing is subjected to ultrasonic micro-forging until the additive manufacturing process is finished. The composite manufacturing can be carried out in a composite mode that a laser fuse wire additive manufacturing device is arranged in front of the device and an ultrasonic impact micro-forging device is arranged behind the device; similarly, the composite manufacturing can also be carried out in a composite mode that the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device is arranged in front and the additive manufacturing device is arranged behind. Ultrasonic micro-forging and laser fuse additive manufacturing are performed simultaneously. The distance between the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and the laser fuse additive manufacturing device is adjustable. The angle between the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and the deposition layer is adjustable. The acting force between the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and the deposition layer is adjustable.
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a titanium alloy structure by thinning laser fuse additive materials, which is based on a device shown in figure 1, and is characterized in that the existing laser fuse additive material manufacturing device is coupled with an ultrasonic impact micro-forging device, and high-intensity ultrasonic is introduced into the process of manufacturing the titanium alloy by the laser fuse additive materials. The ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and the laser fuse additive manufacturing device have two position relations of a scheme A and a scheme B, and the two position relations are shown in the attached figure 1. The detailed explanation is as follows:
scheme a in fig. 1 shows that the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device is operated simultaneously after a distance L before the laser fuse additive manufacturing. Namely, in the case of the nth layer of the laser fuse, the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device performs ultrasonic micro-forging processing on the current layer (nth layer) following the nth layer during synchronous operation, and high-intensity ultrasonic is transmitted to the molten pool 6 through the nth layer.
Scheme B of figure 1 shows the laser fuse additive manufacturing deposition head operating simultaneously with the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device in front and a distance L behind it. That is, when the laser fuse wire is used for the Nth layer, in the synchronous working process, the ultrasonic micro-forging device firstly carries out ultrasonic micro-forging treatment on the Nth-1 layer, and high-intensity ultrasonic is transmitted to the molten pool 6 which is arranged immediately after the N-1 th layer.
Taking the scheme A as an example, the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and the laser fuse additive manufacturing device are coupled to prepare the Ti-6Al-4V alloy product. The experimental substrate is Ti-6Al-4V alloy, and the diameter of the Ti-6Al-4V wire is 1.2 mm. The laser fuse experiment parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1200W, the wire feeding speed is 10mm/s, the deposition speed is 2mm/s, the defocusing amount is 20mm, and the flow of argon protective gas is 15L/min; the ultrasonic impact micro-forging parameters are as follows: amplitude of ultrasound A016 μm, a frequency F of 20kHz and a pressure F of 400N. The distance L between the ultrasonic micro-forging and the laser fuse additive manufacturing is 20mm, and the included angle alpha between the ultrasonic micro-forging and the deposition layer is 45 degrees.
The structure of the laser fuse additive manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V alloy with or without the ultrasonic micro-forging treatment is shown in figures 2 and 3. As is evident from comparison of fig. 2 and 3, the coarse columnar grains of the titanium alloy are transformed into fine isometric grains after the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and the laser fuse additive manufacturing device are coupled and synchronized. The grain size of the prepared Ti-6Al-4V alloy is refined from cylindrical grains of a few millimeters to equiaxial grains with the average size of about 400 mu m, and the structure is obviously refined. Therefore, the simple and feasible method provided by the invention can effectively refine the crystal grains of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy manufactured by the laser fuse additive manufacturing method and realize the transformation of isometric crystals.
The embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
In summary, the following steps: the invention provides a simple method for tissue refinement and isometric crystal conversion of a titanium alloy component manufactured by laser fuse material increase. The ultrasonic cavitation effect and the acoustic current effect generated in the molten pool by the high-intensity ultrasound interfere the solidification process of the molten pool, and the micro-forging part plastically deforms the deposition layer, so that the nucleation rate in the solidification process of the titanium alloy is increased, the crystal grains of the titanium alloy are refined, and the component distribution in the solidification process is improved. Compared with the traditional process for manufacturing the titanium alloy by the additive manufacturing of the laser fuse wire, the ultrasonic micro-forging treatment on the additive manufacturing process layer by layer can effectively refine the structure of each deposition layer, weaken the epitaxial growth trend of the titanium alloy in the additive manufacturing process, integrally refine the structure of the whole additive manufacturing titanium alloy workpiece, weaken the anisotropy of the titanium alloy workpiece, obtain the titanium alloy workpiece with excellent performance, and provide a new effective method for refining the titanium alloy additive manufacturing structure.

Claims (3)

1. A method for thinning the structure and converting isometric crystals of a titanium alloy component manufactured by laser fuse material increase is characterized in that an ultrasonic impact micro-forging device is coupled with a laser fuse material increase manufacturing system, and each deposition layer is subjected to synchronous ultrasonic impact micro-forging treatment until a workpiece is finished in the process of manufacturing the titanium alloy by the laser fuse material increase manufacturing, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, coupling the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device with a laser fuse material additive manufacturing device, and performing synchronous composite manufacturing in a composite mode that the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device is arranged in front of the laser fuse material additive manufacturing device is arranged behind the laser fuse material additive manufacturing device;
s2, reasonably planning the path of the workpiece according to the shape of the workpiece, setting related ultrasonic impact micro-forging parameters and laser fuse additive manufacturing system parameters, realizing effective compatibility, and controlling the composite manufacturing process; the adjustment range of the effective acting distance L between the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and the laser fuse wire additive manufacturing deposition head is 0-50 mm; the adjustment range of an included angle alpha between the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and the deposition layer is 30-90 degrees; the control range of the acting force F between the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device and the deposition layer is 0-2000N;
s3, synchronously carrying out ultrasonic impact micro-forging treatment layer by layer in the laser fuse process according to the path planning and the system parameters until the additive manufacturing process of the titanium alloy component is completed; when the laser fuses on the Nth layer, in the synchronous working process, the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device firstly carries out ultrasonic impact micro-forging treatment on the Nth-1 layer, and high-intensity ultrasonic is transmitted to a molten pool which is next to the Nth-1 layer through the Nth-1 layer;
the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device is coupled with a laser fuse material increase manufacturing system, and each deposition layer of the titanium alloy manufactured by the laser fuse material increase manufacturing is subjected to ultrasonic impact micro-forging treatment until the material increase manufacturing process is completed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic impact micro-forging device is connected to the laser fuse additive manufacturing system for adjustment or the two independent systems are separated for synchronous coupling operation in step S1.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of performing ultrasonic impact micro-forging at step S2 further comprises: ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power and ultrasonic amplitude; the laser fuse additive manufacturing system parameters include: laser power, scanning speed, wire feeding angle, wire diameter, defocusing amount and atmosphere protection gas flow.
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