CN113814416B - Method for manufacturing full isometric crystal metal component by electron beam additive manufacturing - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing full isometric crystal metal component by electron beam additive manufacturing Download PDF

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CN113814416B
CN113814416B CN202110919218.7A CN202110919218A CN113814416B CN 113814416 B CN113814416 B CN 113814416B CN 202110919218 A CN202110919218 A CN 202110919218A CN 113814416 B CN113814416 B CN 113814416B
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metal component
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CN113814416A (en
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兰亮
何博
辛如意
高双
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Shanghai University of Engineering Science
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/364—Process control of energy beam parameters for post-heating, e.g. remelting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a full isometric crystal metal component by electron beam additive manufacturing, wherein in the process of manufacturing the metal component by electron beam additive manufacturing, after each layer of powder is spread and printed, laser shock strengthening treatment is carried out on the printed layer, then powder is spread on the surface of the printed layer after the laser shock strengthening treatment, the next layer is printed, and the full isometric crystal metal component manufactured by electron beam additive manufacturing is obtained after the printing is finished according to the preset number of layers; the thickness of each powder laying is 30-90 mu m, and the laser power density of the laser shock peening treatment is 5-25 GW/cm 2 . The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a full isometric crystal metal component by electron beam additive manufacturing, which is based on metal additive manufacturing, introduces a laser shock strengthening process, induces the transformation of primary columnar crystal orientation isometric crystal by controlling the thickness of a powder layer, improves inherent defects in the metal additive manufacturing process, and obtains the full isometric crystal metal component with excellent mechanical properties.

Description

Method for manufacturing full isometric crystal metal component by electron beam additive manufacturing
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal additive manufacturing, relates to a method for manufacturing a full isometric crystal metal component by electron beam additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a method for obtaining the full isometric crystal metal component by electron beam additive manufacturing based on a laser shock peening technology.
Background
The metal additive manufacturing technology (3D printing technology) is a manufacturing technology for melting metal powder by high energy beams and stacking the metal powder layer by layer to form a solid component, is applied to personalized production and large-scale automatic production of precise and complex components, and particularly is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, automobiles, ships, biomedical treatment and the like. However, as powder is built up and melted layer by layer during the metal additive manufacturing process, coarse columnar crystals are formed to cause anisotropy of mechanical properties of the component. Meanwhile, the mechanical performance of the formed part is greatly reduced due to defects such as holes, microcracks, residual stress and the like in the printing process. And the post-processing of the printed components causes inconvenience and limitations to their practical application.
In the metal additive manufacturing process, the characteristics of high cooling rate of a molten pool, high temperature gradient and small metal solidification temperature interval determine that the solidification front of the molten pool cannot provide enough component supercooling degree for the crystallization nucleation of molten metal, so that liquid phase metal epitaxially grows into columnar crystals along the powder accumulation direction by taking few crystal grains as cores. In the electron beam additive manufacturing process, a formed tiny molten pool has the heat transfer characteristic of unidirectional heat dissipation, solidification is a process that liquid metal in the molten pool grows from a solid phase matrix in an epitaxial mode, the ratio of temperature gradient and solidification speed at a solidification interface is large, therefore, an electron beam forming metal component has the characteristic of forced solidification columnar growth, namely a coarse columnar crystal structure is formed, and the mechanical property of the electron beam forming material shows certain anisotropy. At present, the coarse columnar crystal is difficult to be converted into an isometric crystal structure through technological parameter optimization, and the isometric crystal structure cannot be obtained, so that the anisotropy of mechanical property is eliminated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method for manufacturing a full isometric crystal metal component by electron beam additive manufacturing.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in the preparation process of the electron beam material increase manufacturing metal component, after each layer of powder is laid and printed, laser shock peening is carried out on the printed layer, then powder is laid on the surface of the printed layer after the laser shock peening, the next layer is printed, and the full isometric crystal metal component is obtained after the printing is finished according to the preset number of layers;
the thickness of each powder layer is 30-90 mu m, and the laser power density of the laser shock peening treatment is 5-25 GW/cm 2 The laser power density is a key parameter of the laser shock peening process, and determines the depth of the affected layer (grain refinement layer depth) of the laser peening process. In practical application, the larger the laser power density is, the deeper the affected layer can be achieved by laser shock peening.
The invention prints in the preparation process of the metal component manufactured by the electron beam additive manufacturingIntroducing a laser shock peening technology between layers, matching with the control of powder spreading thickness, determining the matching relation between the laser shock peening processing technological parameters and the powder layer thickness through experimental exploration, controlling the powder spreading thickness at each time to be 30-90 mu m, and setting the laser power density of the laser shock peening processing to be 5-25 GW/cm 2 The method realizes the transformation of columnar crystal to isometric crystal, simultaneously eliminates certain manufacturing defects, realizes that one layer of isometric crystal structure is obtained when one layer is printed until the whole component is printed, and finally obtains the full isometric crystal metal component with excellent mechanical property.
As a preferred technical scheme:
the method for manufacturing the full isometric crystal metal component by the electron beam additive manufacturing comprises the following specific steps:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional CAD model for a metal component to be additively manufactured, and carrying out slicing and layering treatment on the established three-dimensional CAD model according to the set thickness of the metal powder layer; carrying out slicing layering processing on the built model along the height direction, namely dividing printing layers, printing layer by layer according to layering printing information when a metal component is printed, wherein the laid metal powder layer is the printing layer, and the division of the number of the printing layers is determined according to the thickness of the powder layer;
(2) importing the layered processing information into a control system of the additive manufacturing device, and printing a first layer using an electron beam as a heat source;
(3) after laser process parameters of a pulse laser are determined, carrying out laser shock strengthening treatment on the printing layer; according to the set thickness of the powder laying layer of the metal powder, the depth of a grain refining layer after laser shock treatment can be determined, so that the laser power density required by the laser shock treatment is determined, the parameter of a pulse laser is adjusted to reach the corresponding laser power density, and then the laser shock strengthening treatment is carried out on the printing layer;
(4) spreading powder on the surface of the printing layer subjected to laser shock peening as a base, and printing the next layer;
(5) and (5) repeating the steps (3) and (4) to perform laser shock strengthening treatment on the printed layer, and then printing the next layer until the printing is finished to obtain the full isometric crystal metal component.
In the method for manufacturing the fully isometric crystal metal component by the electron beam additive manufacturing, the additive manufacturing equipment is EBM additive manufacturing equipment. Different from the laser additive manufacturing technology, the EBM additive manufacturing technology is carried out in a vacuum environment, and a higher preheating temperature can be obtained in the electron beam forming process, so that the surface of the formed component has lower residual stress and higher plasticity.
According to the method for manufacturing the full isometric crystal metal component by the electron beam additive manufacturing, the metal powder is spherical titanium alloy powder or aluminum alloy powder, the effect of the laser impact process on different metals or alloys is different, the crystal grains of all metal surfaces cannot be refined necessarily, and some metal surfaces only form a dense dislocation structure or strain hardening.
According to the method for manufacturing the fully isometric crystal metal component by the electron beam additive manufacturing, the particle size distribution range of the metal powder is 25-106 mu m, and the particle size distribution of the metal powder is measured by a laser diffraction particle size analyzer. And a scraper type powder spreading device for pre-compacting powder is adopted in the printing process, so that good powder spreading quality is achieved.
According to the method for manufacturing the fully isometric crystal metal component by the electron beam additive manufacturing, the pulse laser is a fiber pulse laser.
According to the method for manufacturing the fully isometric crystal metal component by the electron beam additive manufacturing, the parameters of the pulse laser are as follows: the laser pulse width is 5-40 ns, the spot diameter is 1-10 mm, the laser energy is 1-15J, the lap joint rate is 20-80%, and the laser power density is obtained by adjusting the parameters of a pulse laser device 2 The range of (1).
Electron beam additive manufacturing full isometric crystal goldThe printing method belongs to a component method, and the printing process parameters are as follows: the electron beam intensity is 5-50 mA, and the scanning speed is 1000-15000 mm.s -1 Beyond the range of parameters set by the present invention, defects in the formed member increase and mechanical properties are poor.
When the metal component is a titanium alloy component, the obtained full-equiaxed crystal metal component has the tensile strength of not less than 1.2GPa, and the residual compressive stress generated on the surface layer is at least 450 MPa; when the metal member is an aluminum alloy member, the tensile strength of the obtained full-equiaxed metal member is not less than 380MPa, and the residual compressive stress generated on the surface layer is at least 500 MPa.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
research shows that the laser shock peening technology as an effective metal surface treatment technology can generate high residual compressive stress on the surface layer of a formed part, and has obvious effect on eliminating defects such as air holes, microcracks and the like. Meanwhile, due to the ultrahigh plastic strain of laser shock strengthening, crystal grains on the surface layer of the material can be refined, and the mechanical property is improved. However, the laser shock technique is a surface treatment technique, which can change the surface structure of a metal component, and cannot change the structure from the inside of the component to the whole, so that the preparation of the all-isometric crystal component cannot be realized. According to the invention, in the metal additive manufacturing process, laser shock strengthening treatment is introduced between printing layers, the control of the thickness of the powder layer is matched, the matching relation between the technological parameters of the laser shock strengthening treatment and the thickness of the powder layer is determined through experimental exploration, the transformation of columnar crystal orientation equiaxial crystals induced by laser shock waves is realized, and meanwhile, the thermal coupling effect generated in the laser shock process is beneficial to the closure of air holes and defects in the printing process, so that the metallurgical defects in the printing process are eliminated, a layer of equiaxial crystal structure is obtained after each layer is printed until the whole component is printed, and finally, the full equiaxial crystal metal component with excellent mechanical properties is obtained. Generally, the laser shock peening process can refine the surface structure, and the surface layer of the component is provided with grain distribution of different sizes such as fine grains, twin grains, coarse grains and the like distributed along the depth direction, so if the thickness of the powder layer is not matched with the parameters of the laser shock peening process, a metal component with gradient distribution is formed, and a full isometric crystal metal component cannot be formed.
The invention is based on the technical advantage that after the laser shock peening process acts on the surface of a sample, a gradient fine crystal structure can be generated, and the laser shock peening process is combined with an electron beam additive manufacturing technology of layer-by-layer accumulation of powder layers to serve as a composite production process to realize the preparation of the full isometric crystal metal component. The existing laser shock peening technology is limited to surface peening of metal components, is used for improving surface tissues and performances of the components, and is also greatly limited for improving the overall performances of the components. The composite process provided by the invention just breaks through the limitation, and obtains a refined full equiaxed crystal electron beam additive manufacturing structure by adjusting parameters so as to improve the overall performance of the component.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a full isometric crystal metal component by electron beam additive manufacturing, which is based on a metal additive manufacturing technology, introduces a laser shock strengthening process, induces the transformation of primary columnar crystal orientation isometric crystal by controlling the thickness of a powder layer, improves inherent defects in the metal additive manufacturing process, and obtains the full isometric crystal metal component with excellent mechanical properties.
(2) According to the method for manufacturing the full isometric crystal metal component by the electron beam additive manufacturing, the laser shock strengthening process is introduced in the metal additive manufacturing process, so that the limitation that the mechanical property of the additive manufactured metal part needs to be improved by post-treatment in practical application is broken through.
(3) The method for manufacturing the full isometric crystal metal component by the electron beam additive breaks through the limitation of a thick and large columnar crystal structure of a formed part which is directly printed, improves the fatigue performance of the final formed part, and greatly expands the application field of the metal component manufactured by the additive.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of laser shock peening tissue modulation according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an isometric crystal metal component of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a full isometric crystal TEM (transmission electron microscope) topography of a titanium alloy component manufactured by electron beam additive manufacturing;
wherein: 1-laser shock wave, 2-sample surface fine crystalline layer, 3-severe plastic deformation layer, 4-micro plastic deformation layer, 5-sample matrix, 6-1 st layer of additive manufacturing sample, 7-2 nd layer of additive manufacturing sample, 8-Nth layer of additive manufacturing sample, 9-isometric crystal structure on sample printing layer surface, and 10-isometric crystal structure on sample printing layer side surface.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a gradient-distributed organization structure of a laser shock peening sample, which is composed of a laser shock wave 1, a sample surface fine-crystalline layer 2, a severe plastic deformation layer 3, a micro plastic deformation layer 4 and a sample matrix 5 from top to bottom. According to the principle, the thickness of the powder laying layer is controlled to only remain the first gradient fine crystal layer in the figure 1 after laser shock strengthening, so that the metal component with each layer being isometric crystal as shown in the figure 2 is obtained, and the layer 16 of the additive manufacturing sample and the layer 2 7 … … of the additive manufacturing sample in the figure 2 are isometric crystal structures, and each layer is composed of an isometric crystal structure 9 on the surface of the sample printing layer and an isometric crystal structure 10 on the side surface of the sample printing layer.
The tensile strength of the metal member is implemented according to the national standard GB/T228.1-2010 metal material tensile test method; the residual stress of the surface layer of the metal component is tested according to an X-ray diffraction method for measuring the residual stress of the surface of the HB20116-2012 aeroengine blade.
Example 1
A method for manufacturing a full isometric crystal titanium alloy component by electron beam additive manufacturing comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing spherical titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) powder with the particle size distribution of 25-106 microns, and performing preparation work such as screening, drying and the like on the spherical titanium alloy powder to obtain dry spherical titanium alloy powder serving as a raw material for printing a titanium alloy component for later use;
(2) preparing a titanium alloy substrate, and carrying out preheating treatment on the substrate to reduce thermal stress;
(3) setting the thickness of a titanium alloy powder layer to be 35 mu m, establishing a three-dimensional CAD model for a titanium alloy component to be subjected to additive manufacturing, carrying out slicing and layering treatment on the established three-dimensional CAD model according to the set thickness of the titanium alloy powder layer, and determining that the number of printing layers is 120;
(4) importing the layered processing information into a control system of the EBM additive manufacturing equipment, and printing a first layer by using an electron beam as a heat source; the printing process parameters are as follows: the electron beam intensity was 15mA, and the scanning speed was 4500mm · s -1 ；
(5) Carrying out laser shock strengthening treatment on the printing layer by adopting an optical fiber pulse laser, wherein the set parameters of the optical fiber pulse laser are as follows: the laser pulse width is 12ns, the spot diameter is 2.5mm, the laser energy is 6J, and the lap joint rate is 50%;
(6) spreading powder (the powder spreading thickness is 35 μm) on the basis of the surface of the printing layer after the laser shock peening treatment, and printing the next layer; the printing process parameters are as follows: the electron beam intensity was 15mA, and the scanning speed was 4500mm · s -1 ；
(7) And (5) repeating the steps (5) and (6) until printing is completed, and obtaining the full isometric crystal titanium alloy component.
FIG. 3 is a TEM photograph of an electron beam additive manufactured titanium alloy component based on a laser shock peening technology, and as shown in the figure, crystal grains show a full isometric crystal morphology. The tensile strength of the finally obtained full-equiaxed titanium alloy member is 1.2GPa, and the residual compressive stress generated on the surface layer of the titanium alloy member is 450 MPa.
Example 2
A method for manufacturing a full isometric crystal titanium alloy component by electron beam additive manufacturing comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing spherical titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) powder with the particle size distribution of 25-106 microns, and performing preparation work such as screening, drying and the like on the spherical titanium alloy powder to obtain dry spherical titanium alloy powder serving as a raw material for printing a titanium alloy component for later use;
(2) preparing a titanium alloy substrate, and carrying out preheating treatment on the substrate to reduce thermal stress;
(3) setting the thickness of a titanium alloy powder layer to be 50 mu m, establishing a three-dimensional CAD model for a titanium alloy component to be subjected to additive manufacturing, and carrying out slicing and layering treatment on the established three-dimensional CAD model according to the set thickness of the titanium alloy powder layer; determining the number of printing layers to be 120;
(4) importing the layered processing information into a control system of the EBM additive manufacturing equipment, and printing a first layer by using an electron beam as a heat source; the printing process parameters are as follows: the electron beam intensity was 15mA, and the scanning speed was 4500mm · s -1 ；
(5) Carrying out laser shock strengthening treatment on the printing layer by adopting an optical fiber pulse laser, wherein the set parameters of the optical fiber pulse laser are as follows: the laser pulse width is 12ns, the spot diameter is 2.5mm, the laser energy is 12J, and the lap joint rate is 50%;
(6) spreading powder (the powder spreading thickness is 50 μm) on the basis of the surface of the printing layer after the laser shock peening treatment, and printing the next layer; the printing process parameters are as follows: the electron beam intensity was 15mA, and the scanning speed was 4500mm · s -1 ；
(7) And (5) repeating the steps (5) and (6) until printing is completed, and obtaining the full isometric crystal titanium alloy component.
The tensile strength of the finally obtained full-equiaxed titanium alloy member is 1.25GPa, and the residual compressive stress generated on the surface layer of the titanium alloy member is 480 MPa.
Example 3
A method for manufacturing a full isometric crystal titanium alloy component by electron beam additive manufacturing comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing spherical titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) powder with the particle size distribution of 25-106 mu m, and performing preparation work such as screening, drying and the like on the spherical titanium alloy powder to obtain dried spherical titanium alloy powder serving as a raw material for printing a titanium alloy component for later use;
(2) preparing a titanium alloy substrate, and carrying out preheating treatment on the substrate to reduce thermal stress;
(3) setting the thickness of a titanium alloy powder layer to be 90 mu m, establishing a three-dimensional CAD model for a titanium alloy component to be subjected to additive manufacturing, and carrying out slicing and layering treatment on the established three-dimensional CAD model according to the set thickness of the titanium alloy powder layer; determining the number of printing layers to be 240 layers;
(4) importing the layered processing information into a control system of the EBM additive manufacturing equipment, and printing a first layer by using an electron beam as a heat source; the printing process parameters are as follows: the electron beam intensity was 15mA, and the scanning speed was 4500mm · s -1 ；
(5) Carrying out laser shock strengthening treatment on the printing layer by adopting an optical fiber pulse laser, wherein the set parameters of the optical fiber pulse laser are as follows: the laser pulse width is 12ns, the spot diameter is 3mm, the laser energy is 15J, and the lap joint rate is 80%;
(6) spreading powder (the powder spreading thickness is 90 mu m) on the basis of the surface of the printing layer subjected to the laser shock strengthening treatment, and printing the next layer; the printing process parameters are as follows: the electron beam intensity was 15mA, and the scanning speed was 4500mm · s -1 ；
(7) And (5) repeating the steps (5) and (6) until printing is completed, and obtaining the full isometric crystal titanium alloy component.
The tensile strength of the finally obtained full-equiaxed titanium alloy member is 1.3GPa, and the residual compressive stress generated on the surface layer of the titanium alloy member is 500 MPa.
Example 4
A method for obtaining full equiaxed crystal electron beam additive manufacturing aluminum alloy components based on a laser shock peening technology comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing spherical aluminum alloy (AlSi10Mg) powder with the particle size distribution of 25-106 mu m, and performing preparation work such as screening, drying and the like on the spherical aluminum alloy powder to obtain dry spherical aluminum alloy powder serving as a raw material for printing an aluminum alloy member for later use;
(2) preparing an aluminum alloy substrate, and carrying out preheating treatment on the substrate to reduce thermal stress;
(3) setting the thickness of an aluminum alloy powder layer to be 35 mu m, establishing a three-dimensional CAD model for an aluminum alloy component to be subjected to additive manufacturing, and carrying out slicing and layering treatment on the established three-dimensional CAD model according to the set thickness of the aluminum alloy powder layer; determining the number of printing layers to be 120;
(4) importing layered processing information into a control system of an EBM additive manufacturing device, printing using an electron beam as a heat sourceA first layer; the printing process parameters are as follows: the electron beam intensity was 12mA, and the scanning speed was 3500mm · s -1 ；
(5) Carrying out laser shock strengthening treatment on the printing layer by adopting an optical fiber pulse laser, wherein the set parameters of the optical fiber pulse laser are as follows: the laser pulse width is 12ns, the spot diameter is 2.5mm, the laser energy is 5J, and the lap joint rate is 50%;
(6) spreading powder (the powder spreading thickness is 35 mu m) on the basis of the surface of the printing layer subjected to the laser shock strengthening treatment, and printing the next layer; the printing process parameters are as follows: the electron beam intensity was 12mA, and the scanning speed was 3500mm · s -1 ；
(7) And (5) repeating the steps (5) and (6) until printing is completed, and obtaining the full isometric crystal aluminum alloy component.
The tensile strength of the finally obtained full-equiaxed aluminum alloy member is 380MPa, and the residual compressive stress generated on the surface layer of the aluminum alloy member is 500 MPa.
Example 5
A method for manufacturing a full equiaxed crystal aluminum alloy component by electron beam additive manufacturing comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing spherical aluminum alloy (AlSi10Mg) powder with the particle size distribution of 25-106 mu m, and performing preparation work such as screening, drying and the like on the spherical aluminum alloy powder to obtain dry spherical aluminum alloy powder serving as a raw material for printing an aluminum alloy member for later use;
(2) preparing an aluminum alloy substrate, and carrying out preheating treatment on the substrate to reduce thermal stress;
(3) setting the thickness of an aluminum alloy powder layer to be 40 mu m, establishing a three-dimensional CAD model for an aluminum alloy component to be subjected to additive manufacturing, and carrying out slicing and layering treatment on the established three-dimensional CAD model according to the set thickness of the aluminum alloy powder layer; determining the number of printing layers to be 120;
(4) importing the layered processing information into a control system of the EBM additive manufacturing equipment, and printing a first layer by using an electron beam as a heat source; the printing process parameters are as follows: the electron beam intensity was 12mA, and the scanning speed was 3500mm · s -1 ；
(5) Carrying out laser shock strengthening treatment on the printing layer by adopting an optical fiber pulse laser, wherein the set parameters of the optical fiber pulse laser are as follows: the laser pulse width is 12ns, the spot diameter is 2.5mm, the laser energy is 6J, and the lap joint rate is 50%;
(6) spreading powder (the powder spreading thickness is 40 mu m) on the basis of the surface of the printing layer after the laser shock strengthening treatment, and printing the next layer; the printing process parameters are as follows: the electron beam intensity was 12mA, and the scanning speed was 3500 mm. s -1 ；
(7) And (5) repeating the steps (5) and (6) until printing is completed, and obtaining the full isometric crystal aluminum alloy component.
The tensile strength of the finally obtained full-equiaxed aluminum alloy member is 400MPa, and the residual compressive stress generated on the surface layer of the aluminum alloy member is 520 MPa.
Example 6
A method for manufacturing a full equiaxed crystal aluminum alloy component by electron beam additive manufacturing comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing spherical aluminum alloy (AlSi10Mg) powder with the particle size distribution of 25-106 mu m, and performing preparation work such as screening, drying and the like on the spherical aluminum alloy powder to obtain dry spherical aluminum alloy powder serving as a raw material for printing an aluminum alloy member for later use;
(2) preparing an aluminum alloy substrate, and carrying out preheating treatment on the substrate to reduce thermal stress;
(3) setting the thickness of an aluminum alloy powder layer to be 50 mu m, establishing a three-dimensional CAD model for an aluminum alloy component to be subjected to additive manufacturing, and carrying out slicing and layering treatment on the established three-dimensional CAD model according to the set thickness of the aluminum alloy powder layer; determining the number of printing layers to be 240 layers;
(4) importing the layered processing information into a control system of the EBM additive manufacturing equipment, and printing a first layer by using an electron beam as a heat source; the printing process parameters are as follows: the electron beam intensity is 12mA, and the scanning speed is 4000mm s -1 ；
(5) Carrying out laser shock strengthening treatment on the printing layer by adopting an optical fiber pulse laser, wherein the set parameters of the optical fiber pulse laser are as follows: the laser pulse width is 12ns, the spot diameter is 3mm, the laser energy is 7J, and the lap joint rate is 20%;
(6) spreading powder (the powder spreading thickness is 50 μm) on the basis of the surface of the printing layer after the laser shock peening treatment, and printing the next layer; the printing process parameters are as follows: the electron beam intensity is 12mA, and the scanning speed is 4000mm s -1 ；
(7) And (5) repeating the steps (5) and (6) until printing is completed, and obtaining the full isometric crystal aluminum alloy component.
The tensile strength of the finally obtained full-equiaxed aluminum alloy member is 420MPa, and the residual compressive stress generated on the surface layer of the aluminum alloy member is 550 MPa.

Claims (7)

1. A method for manufacturing an all-isometric crystal metal component by electron beam additive manufacturing is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the process of manufacturing the metal component by electron beam additive manufacturing, after each layer of powder is spread and printed, laser shock peening is carried out on the printed layer, then powder is spread on the surface of the printed layer after the laser shock peening, the next layer is printed, and the full isometric crystal metal component is obtained after the printing is finished according to the preset number of layers;
the additive manufacturing equipment is EBM additive manufacturing equipment;
the printing process parameters are as follows: the electron beam intensity is 5-50 mA, and the scanning speed is 1000-15000 mm.s -1 ；
The thickness of each powder laying is 35-90 mu m, and the laser power density of the laser shock peening treatment is 5-25 GW/cm 2 。
2. The method for manufacturing the full isometric crystal metal component by the electron beam additive according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional CAD model for a metal component to be additively manufactured, and carrying out slicing and layering treatment on the established three-dimensional CAD model according to the set thickness of the metal powder layer;
(2) importing the layered processing information into a control system of the additive manufacturing device, and printing a first layer using an electron beam as a heat source;
(3) after laser process parameters of a pulse laser are determined, carrying out laser shock strengthening treatment on the printing layer;
(4) spreading powder on the surface of the printing layer subjected to laser shock strengthening treatment as a base, and printing the next layer;
(5) and (5) repeating the steps (3) and (4) until printing is completed, and obtaining the full isometric crystal metal component.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the metal powder is spherical titanium alloy powder or aluminum alloy powder.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the metal powder has a particle size distribution of 25-106 μm.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the pulsed laser is a fiber pulsed laser.
6. The method for electron beam additive manufacturing of the holo-isometric crystal metal component of claim 5, wherein the parameters of the pulsed laser are as follows: the laser pulse width is 5-40 ns, the spot diameter is 1-10 mm, the laser energy is 1-15J, and the lap joint rate is 20-80%.
7. The method for electron beam additive manufacturing of the full isometric crystal metal component according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein when the metal component is a titanium alloy component, the tensile strength of the obtained full isometric crystal metal component is not lower than 1.2GPa, and the residual compressive stress generated on the surface layer is at least 450 MPa; when the metal member is an aluminum alloy member, the tensile strength of the obtained full-equiaxed metal member is not less than 380MPa, and the residual compressive stress generated on the surface layer is at least 500 MPa.
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