CN108436062B - Method for refining metal solidification structure through composite action of magnetic field and vibration - Google Patents
Method for refining metal solidification structure through composite action of magnetic field and vibration Download PDFInfo
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- CN108436062B CN108436062B CN201810167826.5A CN201810167826A CN108436062B CN 108436062 B CN108436062 B CN 108436062B CN 201810167826 A CN201810167826 A CN 201810167826A CN 108436062 B CN108436062 B CN 108436062B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/02—Use of electric or magnetic effects
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/08—Shaking, vibrating, or turning of moulds
Abstract
The invention provides a method for refining a metal solidification structure by utilizing the combined action of a magnetic field and vibration, belonging to the technical field of metal solidification control. In the process of solidifying the metal melt, the metal liquid and the casting mould generate high-frequency micro-amplitude vibration, a magnetic field is applied to the metal melt for electromagnetic stirring, and the composite action of the high-frequency vibration and the electromagnetic stirring refines the solidification structure of the metal, including grains and precipitated phases, so that the comprehensive performance of the metal casting is improved. The invention has the obvious advantages of obvious effect of refining metal compared with single electromagnetic stirring and single vibration, no pollution to metal and suitability for refining solidification structures of various metal melts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal solidification, in particular to a method for refining a metal solidification structure by utilizing the combined action of a magnetic field and mechanical vibration.
Background
The solidification structure control of the metal material is an important means for improving the material performance, particularly the solidification grain refining technology of the material is widely concerned in recent years and is regarded as one of the main means for improving the material performance, and the super steel development planning proposed in China also takes grain refinement as an important realization way for realizing the preparation of the super steel; there are many techniques for solidifying fine crystals, and the conventional method includes: a rapid solidification method, a chemical inoculation method, an external field control method and the like; the rapid solidification method is difficult to realize defect-free solidification of large-batch metals due to the requirements of factors such as cooling strength limitation, solidification defect control and the like; the chemical inoculation method is to add an inoculant into the melt to promote nucleation to realize grain refinement, but the chemical inoculation method can bring certain pollution to the metal melt, and the inoculated particles can influence the secondary structure of the material and reduce the performance of the material.
In the prior art, an electromagnetic field, an ultrasonic field and an electric field are applied to a melt and the common problem of the action of the external fields is that metal grains and precipitates among the grains in a metal solidification structure cannot be refined simultaneously; the electromagnetic stirring technology in the solidification process can reduce the columnar crystal area and increase the isometric crystal area, and simultaneously has the effect of refining the crystal grains, the defects are that the effect of refining the crystal grains is not obvious, and the single electromagnetic stirring does not have the refining effect on intercrystalline precipitates; the ultrasonic field also has obvious effect on solidified fine grains, and when the ultrasonic field is obviously insufficient, the attenuation of the ultrasonic field in the melt is serious, the solidified structure of the material is not uniform, and the amplitude transformer can pollute metal; the solidification process applies an electric field, and when the electric field is weak, the effect is not obvious, and when the electric field is strong, the safety threat is brought, and too much electric energy is consumed.
Therefore, the problem of weak grain refining effect exists in single applied electromagnetic field, ultrasonic field and electric field in the metal melt solidification process, at present, no technology capable of directly refining grains to ten microns or several microns through solidification control exists, and the problems of high energy consumption, safe operation and the like are caused by a method of increasing the strength of an external field, for example, when a single applied pulse electric field is applied, many unsafe factors exist when the electric field strength is high, and when the strength of the external magnetic field is too high, the magnetic shielding loss of the magnetic field on the wall of a casting mould or a crystallizer is greatly increased, so that not only energy is wasted, but also the uniformity of the internal structure of the material is poor, which is caused by the non-uniformity of the external field in the melt.
In summary, the method for refining the metal solidification structure with higher efficiency is provided, and is of great significance for realizing the preparation of the superfine crystal material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for refining a metal solidification structure under the composite action of a magnetic field and vibration, and solves the problems of poor refining effect, non-uniform solidification structure, high energy consumption of an external field and the like existing in the conventional control of the metal solidification structure.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following scheme:
a method for refining a metal solidification structure by the combined action of a magnetic field and vibration is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the solidification process of the metal melt, electromagnetic stirring and vibration are simultaneously applied to the metal melt, so that the metal solidification structure is refined under the composite action of a magnetic field and vibration until the metal is completely solidified.
Preferably, the vibration is provided by a supporting platform, a vibration device and a high-frequency motor, the vibration device is connected to the upper part of the supporting platform through a flexible device, the vibration device is driven by the high-frequency motor, and the casting mould is directly placed on the vibration device; an electromagnetic stirring coil is arranged on the outer side of the casting mold, and a magnetic field for electromagnetic stirring is provided by the electromagnetic stirring coil; the casting mould and the metal melt in the casting mould vibrate along with the vibration device, and the metal melt moves under the action of electromagnetic stirring.
Preferably, the electromagnetic stirring causes the melt to move in a direction perpendicular to the direction of vibration.
Preferably, the electromagnetic stirring causes the melt to move horizontally in a circumferential direction.
Preferably, the casting mold together with the molten metal therein is vibrated back and forth in the vertical direction along with the vibration table.
Preferably, for ferromagnetic metal materials, the frequency of the current used by the electromagnetic stirring coil is 2-9Hz, the magnetic induction intensity is 500Gs at 200-.
Preferably, for the non-ferromagnetic metal material, the frequency of the current used by the electromagnetic stirring coil is 10-15Hz, the magnetic induction intensity is 600-800Gs, the frequency of the vibration is 400-500Hz, and the amplitude is 10-20 microns.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
1) the invention utilizes the synergistic action of electromagnetic stirring and high-frequency mechanical vibration to realize the refinement of the metal solidification structure, which has two different actions and has good complementarity and synergistic strengthening action on the tissue refinement action in the metal solidification process, so that the refinement effect is much better than that of single electromagnetic stirring and single mechanical vibration, and the effect of adding one to two is achieved; the crystal grains and the precipitated phases among the crystal grains can be thinned to be less than 5 mu m, so that a complete equiaxial crystal structure is obtained; besides the reasons that electromagnetic stirring and mechanical vibration are complementary and synergistic enhancement of two different action fields, the electromagnetic stirring and mechanical vibration are matched with the mechanical vibration parameters through reasonable electromagnetic parameters, so that the horizontal circumferential motion and the vertical vibration of the melt have approximate rates, the directionality of grain growth and precipitate formation in the solidification process is eliminated, the nucleation rate is greatly improved, and efficient refinement and isotropic growth are realized.
2) The invention utilizes the action of the electromagnetic field and the mechanical vibration, the complementary and synergistic enhancement of the action effect is obviously improved compared with the effect of singly applying the electromagnetic field or the mechanical vibration, and in the prior art, the granularity of the solidification structure can be only controlled within the range of 20-50 mu m when singly applying the external field, therefore, the technical effect of the invention is very obvious.
3) Compared with the single electromagnetic stirring adopted in the prior art, the electromagnetic stirring adopted by the invention has the advantage of low power consumption, because the current value or frequency value needs to be increased to improve the electromagnetic stirring capacity when the electromagnetic stirring is singly applied, the reactive power consumption is very high, and the energy consumption can be saved by about 50 percent when the electromagnetic stirring is adopted by the invention compared with the single electromagnetic stirring adopted by the invention.
4) Compared with the single prior art adopting mechanical vibration to control metal solidification, the invention has the advantages of simple vibrating device and outstanding effect, and solves the problem of instability caused by adopting ultrahigh frequency vibration when the metal is refined by the mechanical vibration at present.
5) The invention has high safety coefficient, and the strength is weaker than that of single electromagnetic stirring and lower than that of single mechanical vibration, so the controllability and the stability of the equipment are improved.
6) The invention can be used for the solidification of ferromagnetic materials and non-ferromagnetic materials and has good universality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the apparatus for refining the solidification structure of metals by the combined action of magnetic field and vibration.
In FIG. 2, (a) and (b) are grain structures at the center of the as-cast samples obtained in example 1 and comparative example experiment 1, respectively.
In FIG. 3, (a), (b), (c), and (d) are grain structure diagrams of the center portions of the as-cast test pieces of example 2 and comparative examples 2 to 4, respectively.
Fig. 4(a) and (b) are grain structure diagrams of the center portions of the as-cast samples of example 3 and comparative example experiment 5, respectively.
In the figure:
1-a support platform; 2-a flexible connection means; 3-a vibration device; 4-a high frequency motor; 5-an electromagnetic stirring coil; 6-casting a mould; 7-metal melt.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following examples; the examples are intended to illustrate the invention only and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
The method for refining the metal solidification structure under the combined action of the magnetic field and the vibration is characterized in that in the solidification process of the metal melt, electromagnetic stirring and vibration are simultaneously applied to the metal melt, so that the metal solidification structure is refined under the combined action of the magnetic field and the vibration until the metal is completely solidified.
In the method, as shown in fig. 1, the required vibration is provided by a support platform 1, a vibration device 3 and a high-frequency motor 4, wherein the vibration device 3 is connected to the upper part of the support platform 1 through a flexible device 2, and the flexible device 2 can be a spring with elasticity or the like. The vibrating device 3 is driven by a high-frequency motor 4, and a casting mould 6 is directly placed on the vibrating device 3; an electromagnetic stirring coil 5 is arranged on the outer side of the casting mould 6, and a magnetic field for electromagnetic stirring is provided by the electromagnetic stirring coil 5; the casting mould 6 with the metal melt 7 therein is vibrated with the vibration device 3, and the metal melt 7 is simultaneously moved by the electromagnetic stirring. The method comprises the following specific steps:
the casting mould 6 is directly placed on the vibrating device 3, the vibrating device 3 is connected with the supporting platform 1 through the flexible device 2, and the vibrating device 3 is driven by the high-frequency motor 4; after the metal melt is poured into the casting mould 6, the casting mould 6 and the metal melt 7 in the casting mould start to vibrate along with the vibration device 3; meanwhile, an electromagnetic stirring coil 5 is arranged on the outer side of the casting mould, electromagnetic stirring is started while vibration is carried out, so that the metal melt 7 is solidified under the action of the electromagnetic stirring, the metal melt is solidified under the composite action of a magnetic field and vibration until the metal melt is completely solidified, and the vibration and the electromagnetic stirring are stopped.
Preferably, the electromagnetic stirring causes the melt to move in a direction perpendicular to the direction of vibration. The electromagnetic stirring force makes the melt move horizontally and circumferentially, and the casting mold and the metal in the casting mold vibrate along with the vibration platform in the vertical direction in a reciprocating mode.
In addition, reasonable matching of electromagnetic parameters and mechanical vibration parameters can be realized, the horizontal circumferential motion and the vertical vibration of the melt have approximate speeds, the directionality of grain growth and precipitate formation in the solidification process is eliminated, the nucleation speed is greatly improved, and efficient refinement and isotropic growth are realized. For ferromagnetic metal materials, the frequency of the current used by the electromagnetic stirring coil 5 is 2-9Hz, the magnetic induction intensity is 200-500Gs, the frequency of vibration is 100-300Hz, and the amplitude is 40-50 microns. For non-ferromagnetic metal materials, the frequency of the current used by the electromagnetic stirring coil 5 is 10-15Hz, the magnetic induction intensity is 600-800Gs, the frequency of vibration is 400-500Hz, and the amplitude is 10-20 microns.
The following description will explain the embodiments and effects of the method for refining a metal solidification structure by the combined action of a magnetic field and vibration according to the present invention with reference to specific examples.
Example 1: solidification of aluminium alloys in graphite molds
Melt preparation: 1kg of 6063 aluminum alloy, 99.7 percent of which is smelted at 720 ℃;
casting: baking the graphite mold of the electrode to 400 ℃, wherein the size of the graphite mold is phi 160 multiplied by 150 mm;
and (3) solidification process: directly placing the casting mould on a vibration device, wherein the vibration device is connected with the supporting platform through a flexible device, and the vibration device is driven by a high-frequency motor; after degassing the aluminum alloy melt, when the temperature is reduced to 700 ℃, casting the aluminum alloy melt into a casting mold, and starting vibration to enable the casting mold and the metal melt therein to vibrate in a reciprocating manner along the vertical direction along with a vibration device, wherein the vibration frequency is 400Hz, and the amplitude is 10 microns; meanwhile, an electromagnetic stirring coil is installed on the outer side of the casting mold, electromagnetic stirring is started while vibration is carried out, so that the metal melt horizontally and circumferentially moves to solidification under the action of the electromagnetic stirring, the frequency of current used for the magnetic stirring is 15Hz, the magnetic induction intensity in the melt is 800Gs until the metal melt is completely solidified, the vibration and the electromagnetic stirring are stopped, and a sample is taken for metallographic structure observation.
As is clear from the solidification theory, the center portion of the cast sample is an equiaxed structure with the coarsest crystal grains, FIG. 2(a) is a crystal grain structure diagram of the center portion of the cast sample obtained in this example, and it can be seen from FIG. 2(a) that the maximum size of the crystal grains in the center of the cast sample is less than 5 μm and the uniformity of the crystal grain size is very high after the present invention is applied, and particularly, precipitates among the crystal grains are all dispersed and distributed in the grain boundary and have a size of less than 1 μm.
In order to compare the effects of the invention, the comparative experiment 1 is carried out under the same conditions without adopting electromagnetic stirring and vibration, the central part of the obtained cast sample is taken for metallographic analysis, the figure 2(b) shows the grain structure diagram of the central part of the cast sample obtained in the comparative experiment 1, and as can be seen from the figure 2(b), the grain size of the comparative experiment 1 is more than 50-60 μm, and the grains are strip-shaped and have partial characteristics of columnar crystals; in addition, the precipitates of grain boundaries are compared to find that the intergranular precipitates are coarse and uneven when the method is not adopted, which better explains that the method has the remarkable effect of refining the crystal grains and the intergranular precipitates simultaneously.
Example 2: solidification of AZ91 magnesium alloy in copper mold
Copper casting: the size is phi 280 multiplied by 250 mm;
the solidification experiment process comprises the following steps: directly placing the casting mould on a vibration device, wherein the vibration device is connected with the supporting platform through a flexible device, and the vibration device is driven by a high-frequency motor; after the alloy melt is refined, when the temperature is reduced to 610 ℃, the alloy melt is cast into a casting mold, and vibration is started, so that the casting mold and the metal melt therein vibrate along the vertical direction along with a vibration device, the vibration frequency is 500Hz, and the amplitude is 20 microns; meanwhile, an electromagnetic stirring coil is installed on the outer side of the casting mold, electromagnetic stirring is started while vibration is carried out, so that the metal melt horizontally and circumferentially moves to solidification under the action of the electromagnetic stirring, the frequency of current used for the magnetic stirring is 10Hz, the magnetic induction intensity in the melt is 600Gs until the metal melt is completely solidified, the vibration and the electromagnetic stirring are stopped, and a sample is taken for metallographic structure observation.
From the solidification theory, the center part of the cast sample is the most coarse equiaxed structure of the crystal grains, fig. 3(a) is the crystal grain structure diagram of the center part of the cast sample obtained in the example, and as can be seen from fig. 3(a), after the invention is adopted, the grain size of the primary alpha phase in the center of the cast sample is less than 4 μm, the uniformity of the grain size is very high, particularly, the eutectic phase is point-shaped, and the whole eutectic phase is dispersed and distributed in the grain boundary, and the size is less than 1 μm.
In order to compare the effects of the invention, a comparative experiment 2 is carried out under the same conditions without electromagnetic stirring and vibration, the central part of the obtained cast sample is taken for metallographic analysis, a grain structure diagram of the central part of the cast sample obtained in the comparative experiment 2 is shown in fig. 3(b), as can be seen from fig. 3(b), the grain size of the primary alpha phase of the comparative experiment 2 is more than 40-50 μm, and the grains are in a columnar shape; in addition, the eutectic phase is found to be coarse, vermicular and non-uniform without the adoption of the eutectic phase, which better illustrates that the eutectic phase has obvious effect of refining the structure, including the obvious effect that the primary crystal phase and the eutectic phase can be refined simultaneously.
To illustrate the influence of the present invention on solidification compared with a single electromagnetic stirring and a single vibration action, comparative example experiment 3 and comparative example experiment 4 were conducted under the same conditions as other conditions, comparative example experiment 3 was conducted under the same conditions as those of example 2 except for the use of vibration, comparative example experiment 4 was conducted under the same conditions as those of example 2 except for the use of vibration, the central portions of the cast samples obtained respectively were subjected to metallographic analysis, and (c) and (d) in fig. 3 show the grain structure diagrams of the central portions of the cast samples obtained in comparative example experiment 3 and comparative example, respectively, as can be seen from (c) and (d) in fig. 3, when only electromagnetic stirring or only vibration was used, the grain size of the primary α phase in the solidification structure was 20 μm or more, and the grains had columnar crystal characteristics; furthermore, it can be seen from the eutectic phase that the 5 μm particles or worms of the eutectic phase are not only coarse but also non-uniform with respect to the examples when only electromagnetic stirring or only vibration is used, which better illustrates that the present invention has a significant effect of refining the structure, including a significant effect that both the primary and eutectic phases can be refined simultaneously, compared to a single electromagnetic stirring and a single vibration.
Example 3: solidification of steel
Melt preparation: 10kg of 40Cr alloy steel is smelted at 1580 ℃.
Casting: sand mold with the size of phi 280X 250 mm.
Directly placing the casting mould on a vibration device, wherein the vibration device is connected with the supporting platform through a flexible device, and the vibration device is driven by a high-frequency motor; after the alloy melt is refined, when the temperature is reduced to 1520 ℃, the alloy melt is cast into a casting mold, and vibration is started, so that the casting mold and the metal melt therein vibrate along the vertical direction along with a vibration device, the vibration frequency is 200Hz, and the amplitude is 45 microns; meanwhile, an electromagnetic stirring coil is installed on the outer side of the casting mold, electromagnetic stirring is started while vibration is carried out, so that the metal melt horizontally and circumferentially moves to solidification under the action of the electromagnetic stirring, the frequency of current used for the magnetic stirring is 6Hz, the magnetic induction intensity in the melt is 400Gs until the metal melt is completely solidified, the vibration and the electromagnetic stirring are stopped, and a sample is taken for metallographic structure observation.
FIG. 4(a) is a grain structure diagram of the center portion of the as-cast sample obtained in this example, in order to comparatively explain the effects of the present invention, comparative example experiment 5 was conducted under otherwise identical conditions without using electromagnetic stirring and vibration, and the center portion of the obtained cast sample was subjected to metallographic analysis, and the result is shown in FIG. 4 (b); the comparison shows that the invention has obvious effect of refining the structure and can simultaneously refine the primary crystal phase and the eutectic phase.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for refining a metal solidification structure by the combined action of a magnetic field and vibration is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the solidification process of the metal melt, electromagnetic stirring and vibration are simultaneously applied to the metal melt, so that a metal solidification structure is refined under the composite action of a magnetic field and vibration until the metal is completely solidified;
the electromagnetic stirring leads the moving direction of the melt to be vertical to the vibrating direction; the melt is moved horizontally and circumferentially by electromagnetic stirring, and the casting mould and the molten metal in the casting mould vibrate along with the vibration device (3) in a reciprocating manner in the vertical direction;
for ferromagnetic metal materials, the frequency of current used by the electromagnetic stirring coil (5) is 2-9Hz, the magnetic induction intensity is 200-500Gs, the vibration frequency is 100-300Hz, and the amplitude is 40-50 microns;
for non-ferromagnetic metal materials, the frequency of the current used by the electromagnetic stirring coil (5) is 10-15Hz, the magnetic induction intensity is 600-800Gs, the vibration frequency is 400-500Hz, and the amplitude is 10-20 microns;
the vibration is provided by a supporting platform (1), a vibration device (3) and a high-frequency motor (4), the vibration device (3) is connected to the upper part of the supporting platform (1) through a flexible device (2), the vibration device (3) is driven by the high-frequency motor (4), and a casting mold (6) is directly placed on the vibration device (3); an electromagnetic stirring coil (5) is arranged on the outer side of the casting mould (6), and a magnetic field of electromagnetic stirring is provided by the electromagnetic stirring coil (5); the casting mould (6) and the metal melt (7) in the casting mould vibrate along with the vibration device (3), and the metal melt (7) moves under the action of electromagnetic stirring; the flexible device (2) is a spring.
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| CN113893752B (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2022-11-08 | 中南大学 | Lifting type permanent magnetic stirring device and method |
| CN114273645B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2024-03-29 | 山东康普锡威新材料科技有限公司 | Method for preparing ultrafine grain material by high-frequency vibration |
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