CN1425519A - Aluminium alloy low frequency electromagnetic oscillation semicontinuous casting crystal grain fining method and device - Google Patents
Aluminium alloy low frequency electromagnetic oscillation semicontinuous casting crystal grain fining method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN1425519A CN1425519A CN 02133269 CN02133269A CN1425519A CN 1425519 A CN1425519 A CN 1425519A CN 02133269 CN02133269 CN 02133269 CN 02133269 A CN02133269 A CN 02133269A CN 1425519 A CN1425519 A CN 1425519A
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the field of material processing technology. The equipment includes one crystallizer, one coil over the crystallizer with DC current passing through, one magnet over the DC coil to introduce the DC magnetic field into the melt in the upper part of the crystallizer, one coil outside the crystallizer with low-frequency current passing through. It has low-frequency electromagnetic field frequency of 15-30 Hz, DC magnetic field strength of 0.01-0.06 T, and AC magnetic field strength in the margin inside the crystallizer of 0.01-0.06 T. The semi-continuous low-frequency aluminium alloy casting process has casting temperature 680-750 deg.c, casting speed 50-150 mm/min and cooling water pressure 0.06-0.12 MPa. The present invention has fined cast ingot structure, isometric crystal grains, low cost internal stress, improved surface quality and hgh ingot quality.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The invention belongs to the materials processing technology field
Background technology
The modern material technology of preparing is pursued low-cost, high-performance, i.e. high performance price ratio.Founding is a means as forming materials no longer, and the more important thing is first important step as quality of materials control.Thin crystalline substance, homogeneous are the basic orientation that modern metal material improves performance.Material realizes that after the thin crystalline substance, the intensity of material and plasticity can increase considerably, and the fracture toughness and the fatigue strength of material can improve simultaneously.Therefore thin crystalline substance is a basic skills of improving material property.
In order to realize thin crystalline substance, people have taked big metering method, and following method is the apparent in view structure refinement method of effect in Solidified Process of Aluminum Alloys.
1, chemical thinning method: mainly be to add grain refiner in alloy, as add AlTiB in aluminium alloy, add transition casting elements such as Zr, Ti, Mn, Cr, the Zr and the Ti effect that wherein have peritectic reaction are the most obvious.
2, physical thinning method:
The a method for rapid cooling: as injection molding, casting, continuous casting and rolling, casting is squeezed, the sliding casting of vapour etc.;
B applies the outfield:
Stir: when melt crystallization, stir, as mechanical agitation, electromagnetic agitation;
Apply ultrasonic wave: when melt solidifying, apply ultrasonic wave, thinning microstructure;
Apply electric current: as apply DC current, pulse current;
Apply magnetic field: as apply pulsed magnetic field, power frequency magnetic field, low frequency magnetic field etc.;
Electromagnetic field and current resonance:, produce electromagnetic ultrasonic wave or the like as magnetostatic field and high frequency electric resonance.
The method of chemistry refinement is widely used in fine aluminium and the low-alloy, present commercially available AlTiB, and AlTiC and AlTIC rare earth alloy are effective grain refiners, Zr is the most effective refinement element of present aluminium alloy of generally acknowledging.The basic principle of this method is outer core of drawing a large amount of heterogeneous forming cores, though thinning effect is obvious, owing to added extraneous element, alloying component slightly changes; Fining agent is generally relatively more expensive simultaneously, so production cost will increase; These fining agents to some aluminium alloy as 2000 are and 7000 series alloy fine DeGrains simultaneously.Therefore act on limited.
Stirring also is the thinning method of widely applying at present, and therefore mechanical agitation substantially need not because alloy is polluted in stirring rod corrosion in liquid metal easily; Electromagnetic agitation is widely applied at present, and melt entrains into gas and oxide easily during still owing to stirring, therefore influences the metallurgical quality of ingot casting, must careful use.
Applying ultrasonic wave also is thinning effect one of method preferably, but hyperacoustic head that shakes is also wanted corrosion in liquid metal, and simultaneously, when the ingot casting size was big, the ultrasonic power that needs was bigger, therefore, generally is difficult to reach.Therefore this method is only used in the low capacity melt.
Apply the crystal fining method that pulse current and pulsed magnetic field are recent findings, this method mainly is to apply in tundish, but the transient current and the voltage that need are higher, and liquid levels fluctuation simultaneously is also bigger, therefore, air-breathing easily with wrap up in into oxide and be mingled with.Be of limited application.
Utilizing the resonance of magnetostatic field and high frequency electric to produce electromagnetic ultrasonic wave, be the effective ways of grain refinement, but the magnetostatic field that needs is too high, generally needs several teslas, and industrial application value is not high.
Frenchman Vives has invented power frequency electromagnetic casting method, this method is the combination of the soft contact of electromagnetism and little stirring (promptly not destroying the stirring of liquid level oxide-film), effectively refinement crystal grain, the surface segregation knurl is significantly reduced, improved surface quality, but its thinning effect is effective.
We have invented the new technology of low frequency electromagnetic casting recently, this method is on the basis of high frequency casting, makes full use of the saturating ability of high pass of low frequency electromagnetic field, makes the obvious refinement of tissue of aluminium alloy cast ingot, the abundant solid solution of alloying element, internal stress reduces, and has avoided crackle, and alloying element gross segregation is simultaneously eliminated, surface quality improves greatly, but compare with the present invention, the effect of this technology grain refinement, the solid solution degree of alloying element is also inferior.
Vives has invented the electromagnetic viscosimeter technology, but their usefulness is that power frequency magnetic field and D.C. magnetic field produce vibration, and making fine aluminium and 2000 is all obviously refinements of alloy organizing.Because the basic frequency of vibration is 2 times of power frequency magnetic field, so its penetrability is limited, especially the molten admittedly effect of intracrystalline is relatively poor.
Summary of the invention
Deficiency at prior art exists the invention provides a kind of aluminium alloy low frequency electromagnetic oscillation semicontinuous casting crystal grain fining method and device.The present invention combines the direct current magnetostatic field with low frequency magnetic field, produce low frequency electromagnetic oscillation (frequency of oscillation quite and Vives electromagnetic viscosimeter frequency 20～50%), make the alloy structure thinning effect more obvious, the alloying element solid solution is more abundant, reduce internal stress, avoid crackle, eliminate gross segregation and improve surface quality.
Device of the present invention is to settle a coil on the top of crystallizer, pass through DC current, D.C. magnetic field is imported in the melt on crystallizer top by a magnet, while is in the outside of crystallizer, settle a coil, by low-frequency current, the low-frequency ac magnetic field of its generation and D.C. magnetic field interact, and produce low frequency electromagnetic oscillation.
According to electromagnetic coupling theory, outside the D.C.casting crystallizer, apply the steady magnetic field B parallel simultaneously with the gravitational vectors direction
0With low-frequency cycle sexual intercourse varying magnetic field b, they are respectively by passing to two induction coils generations that direct current and frequency are the alternating current of f.Meanwhile, alternating magnetic field brings out the induced current density J that forms same frequency again in melt inside, and reciprocation between the three in the inner field of force that produces of melt, impels melt to carry out diriven motion.According to the magnetohydrodynamics viewpoint, this motion can be counted as the stack of three sharp motions: promptly frequency is respectively the alternation oscillating movement of f and 2f; Can be decomposed into the instability recirculation motion of a steady component and a free component; And the motion of the contrary melt flows direction that produces by the electromagnetic braking effect.
1) steady magnetic field B
0And reciprocation between the alternation induced current density J, producing a frequency in melt is the electromagnetic viscosimeter power F of f
1=J * B
0, this advocates to concentrate in the electric current skin depth scope of melt, by the elasticity of medium, propagates in the whole melt and goes.
2) reciprocation between alternating magnetic field b and the induced-current J produces electromagnetic body force F in melt
2=J * b, it comprises that a time independently divides energy and the oscillating component that frequency is 2f.If magnetic conductivity is μ, then its time average electrical magnet power can be decomposed into a vertical melt side surface and point to the liquid core, and with melt static pressure gradient balance, what cause melt free surface formation falcate radially has gesture component (1/2 a μ b
2) and a reason magnetic flux density vector tilt and axial thrust load 1/ μ (b ) b that forms to symmetry axis, play the stirring melt, and then the effect of homogeneous temperature field and alloy element component.
3) curved liquid and locate melt and moved to the neighboring area with speed U by the ingot casting center, cutting magnetic line according to Lorentz lorentz's law, produces an induced current density J
0=σ U
r* B
0(wherein σ is the melt electrical conductivity, U
rBe U and B
0Vertical radial component).It and B
0Between interact, produce electromagnetic force F
3=J
0* B
0, this power is radially inside, the trend that has the melt flow rate of making to slow down.
4) the induced current density J that produced of melt flows cutting magnetic line
0With alternating magnetic field b reciprocation, produce electromagnetic force F
4=J
0* b, this power also is an alternation oscillating force.
The reason that electromagnetic viscosimeter increases the crystallization nucleation core is:
1) because the function composite by electromagnetic stirring that this method had makes crystal grain increase from the free quantity of crystallizer wall;
2) stretching repeatedly and the compression of electromagnetic viscosimeter power, increased melt wetting to high temperature solid-state compound and accurate solid phase elementide, having reduced with them is the critical free energy of heterogeneous forming core of substrate, and under high degree of supercooling, the quantity that makes potential nucleus form real core increases.
3) swing and have and stir same effect, make melt produce sizable disturbance, play the diffusion alloy element, homogeneous temperature field, strengthen the whole degree of supercooling of melt, increase and disperse forming core core, suppress the function of dendritic growth, so just make crystallization process to carry out simultaneously round a large amount of forming core cores that are distributed in the scope of whole liquid cave.
The result of above Several Factors comprehensive function makes crystallite dimension reduce greatly, and tissue obtains remarkable refinement.
1) under magnetic oscillation power and the mixing power effect, produces forced convertion, reduced melt temperature gradient and nucleus circle and the constitutional supercooling phenomenon located.Make crystal grain be in the uniform relatively growing environment, slackened the growth conditions of dendrite.
2) in the motion process of grain under vibration and stirring action, be subjected to the effect of temperature and composition disturbance, its surface is in repeatedly the state of local melting and growth, and the outstanding position of crystal grain is owing to having higher energy, and easier fusing makes the dendritic arm remelting.
3) grain spin motion, make crystal grain growth each to speed
4) free intercrystalline collides bonding mutually or collides rounding etc.
5) since nucleus than the big 3-5 of electrical conductivity of alloy melt doubly, thereby the induced current density of formation is brought out in its inside and the electromagnetic viscosimeter power of therefore bearing will be than melt for big, in oscillatory process, produce relative displacement between the two and shear action takes place, the effect of even solute and cataclasm dendrite " embryo " is arranged.
6)) because the restriction of crystallizer wall, make the big more crystal grain of size under the effect of electromagnetic viscosimeter, strong more to the movement tendency of ingot casting center position, the core area temperature is higher relatively, make the remelting effect of secondary dendrite arm strengthen the trend that has inhibition dendritic growth and crystal grain to grow up unusually.
7) surpass 0.55 when the melt fraction solid, and cause that frictional force sharply increases, after bath movement speed significantly reduces, electromagnetic viscosimeter power still can produce forced oscillation in two-phase section intergranular solution, played and overcome free convection, the constitutional supercooling that reduces the thermograde of nucleus solidification front and produce owing to the solute enrichment suppresses dendritic growth, and then the effect of crystal grain thinning and raising proportion of equiaxed grain.
Electromagnetic viscosimeter makes that crystallization nuclei increases in the melt, and magnetic field is to the inhibitory action of free nucleus dendritic growth condition, makes finally to form evenly tiny non-dendrite and coagulate with tissue.
The reason that low frequency electromagnetic oscillation is better than general power frequency electromagnetic viscosimeter is: along with electromagnetic field frequency reduces, the magnetic line of force gos deep into melt inside, electromagnetic force F gradually
2The rotational component of=J * b increases gradually, and when the stirring action of melt was strengthened, its frequency was the also corresponding increase of the oscillating component of 2f and gos deep into melt inside, plays a part uniform temperature field and alloying element better.And, along with electromagnetic field frequency reduces, steady magnetic field B
0And reciprocation between the alternation induced current density J, the electromagnetic viscosimeter pressure of generation also significantly improves, and particularly the liquid cave part beyond skin depth increases particularly evident.Stirring action strengthens, and the depth of penetration is darker, higher and the more uniform electromagnetic viscosimeter power that distributes of intensity, have and impel the trend that crystallization nuclei increases and the effect of inhibition dendritic growth strengthens in the melt, especially proceed to owing to fraction solid in the melt surpasses 0.55 at process of setting, melt flows sharply increases the stage of stagnating that is close to because of viscous force, by small frequency, the depth of penetration is darker, the intergranular solution forced oscillation that the electromagnetic viscosimeter power that intensity is higher is caused, more interval near the response of the inertia of melt, the constitutional supercooling effect that produces to the thermograde that reduces the crystal grain solidification front with because of the solute element enrichment is more obvious, thereby, low frequency electromagnetic oscillation is thinning microstructure more effectively, suppress dendrite, improve solute element and distribute, eliminate microsegregation.
The inventive method is to realize on the crystallizer that designs for the present invention.Because under the equal magnetic field, the material eddy current that electrical conductivity is high is big, so this crystallizer can adopt the low aluminium alloy of electrical conductivity, austenitic stainless steel, preferably titanium and titanium alloy or other electrical conductivity nonmagnetic substance lower than aluminium alloy.
The low frequency electromagnetic field frequencies range that the present invention adopts is 15～30Hz, and the intensity of D.C. magnetic field is 0.01～0.06T, and the intensity of AC magnetic field (crystallizer internal edge) is 0.05～0.30T.
Device of the present invention has two kinds of structures: a kind of structure is general structure, as shown in Figure 1.Be applicable to the situation that the ingot casting size is smaller, coil can adopt copper pipe, the common insulation of the outside employing of copper pipe, the inner cooling of water flowing.Magnetic pole can adopt mild steel or silicon steel, and this structure is installed and adjusted more convenient.Another kind of structure as shown in Figure 2, AC coil is loaded on the inside of crystallizer cooling water tank, is applicable to the large scale ingot casting.Because coil is more near melt, so the magnetic field loss is little, the utilization rate height.Coil places cooling water simultaneously, can adjust line at interval, strengthens cooling.Therefore can adopt solid wire, current density also can improve, and the volume ratio of coil is less, but the outside coated waterproof insulation of wanting.
Adopt method of the present invention to carry out aluminium alloy low frequency electromagnetic oscillation semicontinuous casting, the alternating electromagnetic field frequencies range is 15～30Hz; Casting temperature is 680～750 ℃, and casting speed is 50～150mm/min, and cooling water pressure is 0.06Mpa～0.12Mpa.
Adopt low frequency electromagnetic oscillation semicontinuous casting method of the present invention, can be under the prerequisite that does not change aluminum alloy semi-continuous casting main equipment and technological parameter, top, outside or interior arrangement coil at crystallizer, by direct current and low-frequency current, increase substantially the metallurgical quality of semicontinuous strand.
Main feature of the present invention is:
1) the remarkable refinement of ingot structure, crystal grain are equiax crystal; Alloying element is more abundant in the intracrystalline solid solution, for good basis has been established in the raising of mechanical property after the improvement of alloy processing characteristics and the moulding heat treatment.
2) the casting internal stress reduces significantly, has avoided crackle, has improved the ingot casting lumber recovery.Especially to the difficult casting alloy of high-alloying, effect is more obvious.
3) eliminate the segregation knurl, improve surface quality, ingot casting can not mill face directly to be processed, and lumber recovery obviously improves.
4) improve the gross segregation of ingot casting inside significantly, make alloying elements distribution even.
This invention is efficient, the economic means of aluminum alloy organization's regulation and control, and effect is all very remarkable in fine aluminium, low alloying, high-alloying aluminium alloy.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the outlet structure schematic diagram of low frequency electromagnetic oscillation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the built-in structural representation of low frequency electromagnetic oscillation of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1. ingot casting 2. AC coils 3. crystallizers 4. hot tops 5. magnetic poles 6. liquid metals 7. dc coils 8. graphite annulus 9. cooling waters.
The specific embodiment
Example 1. fine aluminiums:
Ingot casting size: 200
Casting condition: 680～700 ℃ of cast temperatures, casting speed, 100mm/min, cooling water pressure: 0.08Mpa, aluminium alloy dummy bar, not shop fixtures.
The electromagnetic field condition: a-c cycle 30Hz, realize electromagnetic field intensity: D.C. magnetic field: 10000At, AC magnetic field: 20000At fine aluminium 1060 low frequency electromagnetic oscillation D.C.casting results on the external crystallizer
| Casting method | Crystallite dimension mm | Grain shape | Internal stress maximum hoop Mpa## | The internal stress maximum is Mpa## radially | Crackle | The surface | Plate property H12 | |
| ?σ b?Mpa | ??δ，％ | |||||||
| D C | ????1～5 | Column, dendrite | ??62 | ??75 | Do not have | The point-like thing | ?75 ?～ ?101 | ??6 ??～ ??12 |
| Low frequency electromagnetic | ????0.2～0.8 | Dendrite, rosiness | ??30 | ??36 | Do not have | Bright and clean | ?82 ?～ ?109 | ??9 ??～ ??15 |
| Low frequency electromagnetic oscillation | ????0.1～0.25 | Deng axle, rosiness | ??22 | ??25 | Do not have | Bright and clean | ?90 ?121 | ??13 ??～ ??16 |
Example 2.7075 alloy low frequency electromagnetic oscillation semicontinuous castings:
7075 aluminum alloy chemically composition Zn Mg Cu Cr Mn Fe Si Al5.1～6.1 2.0～3.0 1.2～2.0 0.16～0.3≤0.15≤0.5≤0.5 surpluses
Ingot casting size: 200
Casting condition: 680～720 ℃ of cast temperatures, casting speed, 80mm/min, cooling water pressure: 0.08Mpa, aluminium alloy dummy bar, not shop fixtures.
The electromagnetic field condition: a-c cycle 30Hz, realize electromagnetic field intensity: D.C. magnetic field: 10000At, AC magnetic field: 20000At on the external crystallizer
7075 alloy low frequency electromagnetic oscillation semicontinuous castings and low frequency electromagnetic casting and DC cast sturcture are relatively
| Casting method | Crystallite dimension mm | Grain shape | Intracrystalline Zn content % | Zn gross segregation rate % | Mg gross segregation rate % | Cu gross segregation rate % | Internal stress maximum hoop Mpa | The internal stress maximum is Mpa ## radially | Crackle | The surface | Squeeze wood performance CS | |
| ??σ b?Mpa | ????δ，％ | |||||||||||
| DC | ????0.3 ????～ ????1.0 | Column, dendrite | ??2.9 | ????16 | ????9 | ????11 | ????82 | ????85 | Ring-type | The segregation knurl is arranged | ??505～556 | ????6.0～7.5 |
| Low frequency electromagnetic | ????0.05 ????～ ????0.1 | Deng axle, rosiness | ??3.9 | ????2.1 | ????1.3 ????3 | ????1.2 ????5 | ????50 | ????46 | Do not have | The segregation-free knurl, bright and clean | ??558～602 | ????7.3～9.1 |
| Low frequency electromagnetic oscillation | ????0.01 ????～ ????0.05 | Tiny axle, the rosiness of waiting | ??4.5 | ????2.0 | ????1.1 | ????1.0 ????5 | ????36 | ????40 | Do not have | The segregation-free knurl, bright and clean | ??580～622 | ????10.1～12.0 |
# gross segregation rate=(this element limit part is analysed composition-this yuan wish and partly analysed composition)/alloy average assay
##: inner-stress value is a The results of numerical simulation
Above result is as can be seen: low frequency electromagnetic oscillation semicontinuous casting is obviously being better than low frequency electromagnetic casting and traditional DC casting aspect structure refinement, alloying element solid solution and the internal stress reduction, and is especially aspect structure refinement, more outstanding.Remarkable result is also being arranged aspect the fine aluminium structure refinement.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of aluminium alloy low frequency electromagnetic oscillation semicontinuous casting crystal grain fining device, include crystallizer, hot top, graphite annulus and cooling device, it is characterized in that one coil being set on the top of crystallizer, feed DC current, one magnet is set on dc coil, D.C. magnetic field is imported in the solution on crystallizer top, outside at crystallizer, one coil is set, feed low-frequency current, its low frequency electromagnetic field frequencies range is 15-30HZ, and D.C. magnetic field intensity is 0.01-0.06T, and the intensity of crystallizer internal edge AC magnetic field is 0.05-0.30T.
2, aluminium alloy low frequency electromagnetic oscillation semicontinuous casting crystal grain fining device according to claim 1 is characterized in that set loop construction has two kinds:
The a dc coil is located at the hot top outside, and AC coil is located at the crystallizer outside, and coil adopts metal tube to make interior logical cooling water, outer wall insulation processing;
The b AC coil is loaded on crystallizer cooling water tank inside, and coil adopts solid wire, outside coated waterproof insulation.
3, a kind of method that adopts the described device of claim 1 to carry out aluminium alloy low frequency electromagnetic oscillation semicontinuous casting crystal grain fining is characterized in that casting temperature is 680 ℃-750 ℃, and casting speed is 50-150mm/min, and cooling water pressure is 0.06Mpa-0.12Mpa.
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