CN100477310C - 有机半导体器件 - Google Patents

有机半导体器件 Download PDF

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CN100477310C
CN100477310C CNB028275020A CN02827502A CN100477310C CN 100477310 C CN100477310 C CN 100477310C CN B028275020 A CNB028275020 A CN B028275020A CN 02827502 A CN02827502 A CN 02827502A CN 100477310 C CN100477310 C CN 100477310C
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electrode
substrate
gate electrode
effect transistor
field effect
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CN1615549A (zh
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史蒂文·M·谢伊弗斯
丹尼尔·R·加莫塔
小保罗·W·布拉齐斯
张婕
劳伦斯·E·拉克
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Motorola Mobility LLC
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K10/00Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
    • H10K10/40Organic transistors
    • H10K10/46Field-effect transistors, e.g. organic thin-film transistors [OTFT]
    • H10K10/462Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K10/00Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
    • H10K10/40Organic transistors
    • H10K10/46Field-effect transistors, e.g. organic thin-film transistors [OTFT]
    • H10K10/462Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs]
    • H10K10/466Lateral bottom-gate IGFETs comprising only a single gate
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02107Forming insulating materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02225Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer
    • H01L21/02227Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a process other than a deposition process
    • H01L21/0223Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a process other than a deposition process formation by oxidation, e.g. oxidation of the substrate
    • H01L21/02244Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a process other than a deposition process formation by oxidation, e.g. oxidation of the substrate of a metallic layer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/04Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/18Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
    • H01L21/30Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
    • H01L21/31Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
    • H01L21/314Inorganic layers
    • H01L21/316Inorganic layers composed of oxides or glassy oxides or oxide based glass
    • H01L21/3165Inorganic layers composed of oxides or glassy oxides or oxide based glass formed by oxidation
    • H01L21/31683Inorganic layers composed of oxides or glassy oxides or oxide based glass formed by oxidation of metallic layers, e.g. Al deposited on the body, e.g. formation of multi-layer insulating structures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K71/60Forming conductive regions or layers, e.g. electrodes

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Abstract

一种半导体器件,包括:柔性或刚性衬底(11),具有形成在其上的栅电极(21)、源极(101)和漏极(102)以及至少部分设置在其上方的有机半导体材料。栅电极(21)具有此处通过氧化形成的一薄电介质层。在多个实施例中,可以通过接触或非接触印刷来形成任何的上述元件。可以很容易地缩放最终器件的尺寸以迎合各种需要。

Description

有机半导体器件
技术领域
本发明一般涉及半导体,更具体地,涉及有机半导体材料。
背景技术
在本领域中,元件(例如金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET))和电路由半导体材料构成是众所周知的。这种技术已非常成功。然而,对于某些应用,传统的半导体处理以等量额外的成本过度执行并表现出不需要的形状因素和性能。此外,传统的半导体处理常常生产出在装配期间出现操作困难的小零件,进而需要细致的封装。因为所需的制造设备和装置极其昂贵,所以传统的半导体处理通常还需要批处理以得到平均每个零件合理的成本。而且,许多半导体器件需要过长的制造时间并常常需要大量的化学制剂,一些化学制剂是非常有毒的并需要特别的操作。传统半导体制造中的这些方面不能充分地支持低数据存储和数据传送速率应用和/或更少的高价需要。
附图说明
通过提供下面详细说明中介绍的有机半导体器件和方法,特别当结合附图研究时,至少部分地满足了上述要求,其中:
图1-5示例了各种实施例中的第一装置;
图6-8示例了各种实施例中的第二装置;以及
图9和10示例了各种实施例中的第三装置。
本领域技术人员将明白,图中便于简化和清楚示例而不必按比例绘画出元件。例如,相对于其它元件可以夸大图中一些元件的尺寸,以有助于增进本发明的各种实施例的理解。
具体实施方式
总的来说,按照这些各种实施例,栅极形成在衬底上并且氧化层形成在栅极上,其中氧化层用作电介质。有机半导体材料至少部分地设置在栅极上方。典型地,还将提供接触有机半导体材料的源极和漏极(在或覆在衬底上)。这样构造后,将产生MOSFET。衬底可以是柔性的或刚性的。此外,可以通过印刷工艺(包括两种接触和非接触印刷工艺)形成上述的任何各种元件。结果,不需要批处理、巨大而复杂的制造设备或常与半导体处理结合的许多危险的化学制剂就能制作极低廉的器件。而且,当氧化层用于该目的时,不需要额外的材料或步骤来在栅极周围淀积绝缘材料。
现在参考图1,将介绍第一实施例。初始衬底11可以由包括柔性和基本刚性材料的多种材料构成。通常,衬底11本身将是绝缘体。包括例如聚酯的薄柔性片的各种塑料一般很好地用于这些目的。然而,根据应用,也能很好地运用包括布和纸在内的其它材料(尽管一些处理可以适于确保所淀积材料的更好的粘附性)。衬底11可以是与最终结构的理想尺寸相当的各种尺寸。
参考图2,栅电极21形成在衬底11上。栅电极21包括由例如铜、铝、钛、钽、钙、锆、铬或镍的材料形成的导体。通过把导电材料印制到衬底11上可以形成该栅电极21。(另一种方法将提供具有如图3所示设置在其上的导电层31或箔的衬底11,并且使用普通光成像和印刷/刻蚀工艺以除去一些导电层31,从而留下如图2所示的栅电极21。)通常,将氧化上述材料。如果理想的话,基栅电极21可以由不易于氧化的材料形成。如果选择这样的材料,那么在栅电极21的表面上方能随后淀积将氧化的一薄层材料。
然后将至少一部分栅电极21暴露到氧化环境中。这可以通过各种方式来进行,包括把栅电极21暴露到氧化性溶液(例如,过氧化氢)、热水汽、蒸汽和/或紫外线曝光中。当需要形成仅100至10,000埃(
Figure C0282750200051
)的氧化层41(参看图4)时(当可以适合于具体目的应用或设计要求的装置时,当然可以产生更厚的层),曝光的持续时间不必特别长。该氧化层41包括将使栅电极21与下面所述的半导体材料绝缘的一薄电介质层。
现在参考图5,然后涂敷有机半导体材料51以接触至少部分栅电极21(通常,又如下面所述,将包括附加的电极,并且半导体材料51还可以完全覆盖栅电极21)。如果需要的话,可以通过任何包括两种接触和非接触印刷技术的多种印刷技术来涂敷有机半导体材料51。
参考图6,还可以在衬底11上形成源极61和漏极62。源极61和漏极62可以由例如铜、铝、钛、铬、金、氧化铟锡、镍、钯、铂、聚苯胺、聚乙烯二氧噻吩、银、氮化钛、钨或掺锌氧化铝的材料形成。这些电极61和62可以通过淀积材料在衬底11上(再次通过如所需的印刷工艺)来形成或通过从针对图3的上述初始导电层31中来形成。当源极61和漏极62由易于氧化的材料构成时,如图7所示,可以在其上设置一层基本耐氧化材料71(例如,像有机涂层或例如铬、金或铂的充分耐氧化金属)。通常,电极61和62应基本无氧化物以防止形成电介质层,或无论如何应预先设置以形成和有机半导体材料81的导电接触。现在参考图8,然后至少部分地在栅电极21、源极61和漏极62上方设置有机半导体材料81。这样构造后,通过在上述栅电极21上方形成的薄电介质层,产生包括金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管的器件。
如上所述,通过使用至少一种或多种印刷工艺可以形成任何的上述元件(电极21、61和62以及有机半导体材料51和81)。例如,可以使用接触印刷工艺(包括但不局限于压印、丝网印刷、橡皮凸版印刷和微接触印刷)和非接触印刷工艺(包括但不局限于墨水喷射印刷、静电、激光转移和微分配),以印刷如上所述的指定材料。根据材料形式或使用的载体,自然干燥和/或烘焙步骤可以适于确保所需的粘附性和机械完整性。
一种典型的器件将具有仅几微米的全部厚度(取决于具体的材料、淀积工艺和层的数目)并可以具有从几平方微米至至少一千平方微米的印迹范围。尽管有这种尺寸,当形成在柔性衬底上时,即使当使用期间弯曲时,最终的器件也可以保持正常的功能(当然,在某点处,可以极其弯曲衬底,中断多个器件的组成元件之一的连续性)。
上述实施例展现出以具体顺序堆叠的各种元件。也就是,半导体材料放在放置在衬底上的各种电极上。但是,其它方位也是可能的并可接受的。例如,参考图9,有机半导体材料91可以放在前述的栅电极21上(此处,此外,通过氧化形成的薄电介质层在栅电极21的周围)。随后如图10所描绘的,在有机半导体材料91的顶部上设置源极101和漏极102。尽管是这种可替换的方位,但将再次产生MOSFET器件。
在上述工艺和实施例中可以一致地使用多种材料。此外,可以改变处理参数的宽范围,包括器件尺寸和组成元件尺寸,以适合应用需要的广泛变化。本领域的技术人员应认识到,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下,可以针对上述实施例作出修改、替换和组合的广泛变化,并且这种修改、替换和组合将被认为在本发明主旨的范围内。

Claims (9)

1、一种器件,包括:
衬底;
至少一个电极,由设置在所述衬底上的导体构成;
电介质层,由形成在所述至少一个电极的外部表面上的氧化层构成;
至少一个附加电极,设置在所述衬底上;
有机半导体层,设置在至少一部分所述电介质层和所述至少一个附加电极上方,其中至少印刷所述导体、电介质层和有机半导体之一。
2、如权利要求1所述的器件,其中,所述衬底包括柔性衬底。
3、如权利要求1所述的器件,其中,所述衬底包括刚性衬底。
4、如权利要求1所述的器件,其中,所述至少一个电极包括栅极。
5、如权利要求1所述的器件,其中,所述氧化层厚度不大于10微米。
6、一种金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管,包括:
衬底;
电极,包括印刷在所述衬底上的栅极;
电介质,包括形成在所述电极上的氧化物;
至少一个附加电极,设置在所述衬底上;
有机半导体材料,设置在所述电介质上方并且至少部分地在所述至少一个附加电极上方。
7、如权利要求6所述的金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管,其中所述至少一个附加电极包括第二和第三电极,由设置接触所述有机半导体材料的漏极和源极构成。
8、如权利要求7所述的金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管,其中,所述第二和第三电极印刷在所述衬底上。
9、如权利要求7所述的金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管,其中,所述第二和第三电极无氧化物。
CNB028275020A 2002-01-25 2002-12-18 有机半导体器件 Expired - Fee Related CN100477310C (zh)

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JP2006005041A (ja) * 2004-06-16 2006-01-05 Toshiba Corp 有機半導体素子とその製造方法
WO2006099744A1 (en) 2005-03-25 2006-09-28 The University Of British Columbia Thin film field effect transistors having schottky gate-channel junctions
US20070090459A1 (en) * 2005-10-26 2007-04-26 Motorola, Inc. Multiple gate printed transistor method and apparatus
US20070089626A1 (en) * 2005-10-26 2007-04-26 Motorola, Inc. Functional ink apparatus and method
US7625783B2 (en) * 2005-11-23 2009-12-01 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Semiconductor element and method for manufacturing the same
EP1816681A3 (en) * 2006-02-06 2012-05-30 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Display device and manufacturing method of the same

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US4558340A (en) * 1983-06-29 1985-12-10 Stauffer Chemical Company Thin film field effect transistors utilizing a polypnictide semiconductor
TW410478B (en) * 1998-05-29 2000-11-01 Lucent Technologies Inc Thin-film transistor monolithically integrated with an organic light-emitting diode
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US6949762B2 (en) * 2002-01-11 2005-09-27 Xerox Corporation Polythiophenes and devices thereof

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