CN100471554C - 淤浆环管反应器烯烃聚合过程中异常增长的控制方法 - Google Patents
淤浆环管反应器烯烃聚合过程中异常增长的控制方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了用于通过逐渐稀释反应器以控制在淤浆环管反应器中增长(swell)的产生和发展的一种方法,稀释剂的用量受设备测量测得的波动幅度控制。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及淤浆环管反应器中烯烃聚合的领域。
背景技术
高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)最初是通过加成聚合而制备的,所述加成聚合是在作为生成聚合物的溶剂的液体中进行的。该方法很快被根据齐格勒(Zielger)或者菲力浦(Phillips)的淤浆状态下聚合所代替。更具体地,淤浆聚合是在环管反应器(pipe loop reactor)中连续进行的。形成的聚合物流出物是颗粒状聚合物固体悬浮于液体介质中的淤浆,该液体介质通常是反应稀释剂以及未反应的单体(例如见US-A-2285721)。要求能够将聚合物和包含反应稀释剂和未反应单体的液体介质分离,而不使液体介质受到污染,以便所述液体介质经最小限度的净化或者不净化就再循环到聚合区域。如US-A-3152872所公开的,于一条或者多条沉降支管(settling leg)中收集聚合物和液体介质的淤浆,该淤浆从沉降支管定时地排出到闪蒸室中,因此以间歇方式操作。
为了从聚合物蓬松物(polymer fluff)中去除液体介质,对混合物进行闪蒸。之后有必要将汽化的聚合稀释剂再压缩,以复原(recondition)和净化。
由于经济原因,通常将反应器开动到运行极限。高浓度的单体和任选的共聚单体、高温和高固含量是能使聚合化学反应动力增加的三个重要因素。
循环泵的功率消耗一般随固含量增大而缓慢增大。当刚才所述的三个参数(单体和任选的共聚单体的浓度、温度和固含量)中任意一个增大到某一程度之上时,取决于聚合物特性和反应器特性,还观察到这种功率消耗的噪音等级(level of noise)开始逐渐上升,并且如果不正确控制,这种功率消耗的噪音等级会引起运行的保护性停车。这种现象称为异常增长现象(swellphenomenon)。同类的现象可以在其它设备控制测量(plant controlmeasurements)中观察到,例如但不限于反应器温度、淤浆密度或者由循环在全部或部分冷却夹套中的冷却水引起的温度变化。
在本说明书中以及有关淤浆环管聚合的上下文中,异常增长(swell)定义为本领域技术人员公知的现象,并且与下述过程不稳定性(process instability)开始有关,所述过程不稳定性的特征在于:数个过程变量中明显大于常规的急剧波动(rapid fluctuation),在几个过程变量中,扰动最厉害的是泵功率。本文中术语“急剧(rapid)”是指连续峰的间隔时间小于一分钟。尽管利用波动幅度小于10千瓦的泵功率进行正常运行,但是这样的范围在异常增长(swell)充分形成时会增大10倍。泵消耗功率中的波动是值得重视的,并且如果不加以控制,它们会快速达到安全极限,由此引起包括运行中断由此结束聚合过程的自动动作。与不稳定性开始有关的是,超越了某些与可测量的过程变量(例如,反应器温度、单体和/或共聚单体的浓度和/或反应器中固含量)等相关的工艺极限。然而,设备收益率也与其它参数中相同变量但稳定性要求相反的那些相关。由此存在强烈的经济方面动机去尽可能接近该多维性稳定性边界,随之带来某些自然过程波动引发异常增长不稳定性(swell instability)的风险。
本领域已知在高固含量下控制运行的方式。例如EP-A-432555公开了一种控制聚合过程的方法。这是通过建立代表稀释剂流速的控制信号来实现,控制信号需要:
(a)维持使反应淤浆循环的最小速率;
(b)在反应器中所选择点维持最大压位差,以及
(c)维持向循环泵提供的最大功率水平。
自动选择上述要求最大稀释剂流速的信号(a)、(b)和(c)之一,以控制稀释剂流动。
单体浓度和反应器温度通常保持名义恒定(nominally constant),以将产品质量维持在所需要的窄规格内。因为,在反应器生产量恒定时,反应器中的停留时间(定义为反应器中存在的固体质量与产率之比)随固含量增大而增大,所以增加固含量通常能改善产物质量。
为了最大化与催化剂的接触时间和改善最终产品的粒度(granulometry),确实需要延长在反应器中的停留时间。因为反应器中存在的固体质量定义为反应器容积与淤浆密度与固含量之乘积,并且因为淤浆密度随固含量增加,因此十分需要增加固含量。但遗憾的是,引起异常增长(swell)的最常见原因是固含量高。
由于所有这些原因,需要在尽可能接近异常增长(swell)开始的条件下运行反应器。
发明内容
本发明的目标之一是要检测异常增长(swell)的开始。
本发明另一个目标是控制和避免异常增长(swell)的发展。
本发明还旨在提高催化剂生产率以及反应器生产能力。
本发明再一个目标是提高在反应器或者沉降支管中固含量。
本发明还有一个目标是提高淤浆环管反应器中聚合物的产量。
因此,通过稀释反应器介质来控制异常增长(swell),由标准偏差或者方差或者波动幅度或者与设备控制测量单调性相关的任意其它函数来引发和控制所述的稀释过程,所述设备控制测量显示异常增长(swell)开始时异常增长波动程度。
EP-A-432555公开控制稀释液体流速以避免泵的实际功率增大到预定极限之上,与EP-A-432555相反,本发明不在于控制所选定设备控制测量的实际数值,而在于控制所述选定设备控制测量的标准方差。如图1所示,这里以及上文所述的异常增长(swell),开始发展,而没有显著增大实际的泵功率。本发明的目标是要在在早期阶段控制初始的异常增长(swell)。
例如,设备控制测量是泵的功率消耗、反应器温度、淤浆密度或者进、出的冷却液的温差或者这些测量值的组合。
附图说明
图1表示在未控制的异常增长期间,无旁路的环管反应器中泵功率(千瓦)与时间(小时)的函数关系。
图2表示在主环路中两点之间插入旁路管线(2)的环管反应器(1)的示意图。其也包括沉降支管(3)。
图3在未控制的异常增长期间,有旁路的环管反应器中泵功率(千瓦)与时间(小时)的函数关系。
图4表示所建议的处理信号用于控制在对应于图3的在异常增长(swell)情况下反应器的稀释。泵功率显示于顶部使检测的反应时间更便于观测。
具体实施方式
在正常操作条件下泵功率消耗示于图1,图1显示泵功率(千瓦)与时间(小时)的函数。取决于反应器尺寸和形状,泵的功率消耗一般具有200千瓦-800千瓦的数量级,并且该信号由于白噪音产生的标准偏差的数量级为1-10千瓦。当固含量增大时,泵的功率消耗十分缓慢增大,保持白噪音(white noise)的相同水平。当异常增长(swell)发生时,标准偏差开始增大并且逐渐达到会引起系统停机而不能接受的程度,如图1所示。
其它设备控制测量如(但不限于)反应器温度、淤浆密度以及由循环在全部或部分冷却夹套中的冷却水引起的温度变化,也都显示随固含量标准偏差的变化,这些变化随固含量增大而增大。
令人惊奇的是,发现这种波动增大是因为对于反应器的独特信号特性的白噪音的叠加。所述独特信号的振幅在异常增长(swell)期间逐渐增大。
已经分析了几个信号参数,例如,诸如标准偏差、或者方差、或者波动幅度、或者任意其它的与标准偏差单调相关的函数。取决于本文中上述对于反应器的独特单一信号的强度,在计算与检测器相关的方差之前,还可以将通常的精确信号处理,例如解卷积(deconvolution)、频率滤波、标准模式识别技术应用于该信号。
通过稀释反应介质控制异常增长(swell),以此降低固含量和温度。
一旦关于泵功率消耗的信号参数增大到预定限度之上,则立即修正反应器的控制环管以在反应器中注入更多的稀释剂。所注入稀释剂的数量逐渐增至一个新数值,该数值一般比开始数值大两倍。典型的稀释剂是异丁烷。调节该控制方案,以使反应器恰好维持在异常增长(swell)的开始,以便使固含量最大化以及由此使设备产率最大化。
因此,本发明公开一种用于控制异常增长(swell)的方法,其包含以下步骤:
a)提供环管反应器,所述反应器任选配备一台或者多台旨在改善循环淤浆均一性的装置;
b)将显示异常增长(swell)期间波动增加程度的一个或者多个设备控制参数作为时间的函数加以测量;
c)实时处理这些参数,包括根据需要放大信噪比;
d)实时确认异常增长(swell)的开始;
e)当波动程度达到预定程度时,逐渐使反应器得以稀释。
所述旨在提高循环淤浆的均一性的设备可以是旁路管线,循环的淤浆在旁路管线中的穿过时间(travel time)与在主管线中不同。
预定程度定义为在低固含量下测量的波动程度的百分数。该百分数小于300%,优选小于250%,最优选小于180%。
Claims (11)
1.一种控制淤浆环管反应器烯烃聚合过程中异常增长的方法,所述异常增长定义为与过程不稳定性开始相关的现象,所述过程不稳定性的特征在于:数个过程变量中明显大于常规的急剧波动,所述方法包含以下步骤:
a)提供淤浆环管反应器,所述反应器任选配备一台或者多台旨在改善循环淤浆均一性的装置;
b)将显示异常增长期间波动增加程度的过程变量作为时间的函数加以测量;
c)利用数学信号处理,实时处理这些测量,以确定标准偏差、方差、或者波动幅度、或者与该方差单调性相关的任意其它函数,从而监测异常增大的开始;
d)当过程变量的波动程度达到预定程度时,通过逐渐增加注入反应器的稀释剂量来进行逐渐稀释,其中稀释由步骤c)确定的标准偏差、方差、或者波动幅度、或者与该方差单调性相关的任意其它函数中的任意一种的增加来引发和控制。
2.权利要求1所述的方法,其中旨在改善循环淤浆的均一性的设备是旁路管线,淤浆在旁路管线中的穿过时间与在主管线中不同。
3.权利要求1所述的方法,其中该过程变量是泵功率消耗、反应器温度、淤浆密度或者由循环在全部或部分冷却夹套中的冷却水引起的温度变化。
4.权利要求2所述的方法,其中该过程变量是泵功率消耗、反应器温度、淤浆密度或者由循环在全部或部分冷却夹套中的冷却水引起的温度变化。
5.权利要求3所述的方法,其中该过程变量是泵功率消耗。
6.权利要求4所述的方法,其中该过程变量是泵功率消耗。
7.权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法,其中步骤c)的处理包括放大信噪比。
8.权利要求中1-6中任一项所述的方法,其中过程参数的预定波动程度定义为在低固含量下测量的波动程度百分数,其中预定波动程度小于300%。
9.权利要求7所述的方法,其中过程参数的预定波动程度定义为在低固含量下测量的波动程度百分数,其中预定波动程度小于300%。
10.权利要求8所述的方法,其中过程参数的预定波动程度小于180%。
11.权利要求9所述的方法,其中过程参数的预定波动程度小于180%。
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EP04100573A EP1563903A1 (en) | 2004-02-13 | 2004-02-13 | Swell control in slurry loop reactor |
EP04100573.7 | 2004-02-13 |
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CN100471554C true CN100471554C (zh) | 2009-03-25 |
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US (1) | US7329712B2 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP1563903A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4796509B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100471554C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE417664T1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE602005011740D1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK1660230T3 (zh) |
EA (1) | EA010798B1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2315847T3 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT1660230E (zh) |
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US8058367B2 (en) | 2004-08-27 | 2011-11-15 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Methods and systems for controlling polymer particle size |
US7645841B2 (en) | 2004-08-27 | 2010-01-12 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Method and system to reduce polymerization reactor fouling |
EP1832338A1 (en) * | 2006-03-07 | 2007-09-12 | Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy | Method and system for determining catalyst activity |
US8487053B2 (en) | 2011-11-30 | 2013-07-16 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Methods for removing polymer skins from reactor walls |
EP2740748B1 (en) | 2012-12-07 | 2015-06-10 | Borealis AG | Method of polymerizing olefins in slurry reactors |
US9579619B2 (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2017-02-28 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Temperature control for polymerizing particulate polyolefin |
WO2017102958A1 (en) | 2015-12-17 | 2017-06-22 | Total Research & Technology Feluy | Process for determining one or more operating conditions of an olefin polymerization reactor |
US9593189B1 (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2017-03-14 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Pressure control to reduce pump power fluctuations |
RU2679221C1 (ru) * | 2018-04-16 | 2019-02-06 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Российский химико-технологический университет имени Д. И. Менделеева" (РХТУ им. Д. И. Менделеева) | Способ автоматического управления реактором суспензионной полимеризации |
US20230331875A1 (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2023-10-19 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Loop slurry periodogram control to prevent reactor fouling and reactor shutdowns |
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JPS63139964A (ja) * | 1986-12-01 | 1988-06-11 | Canon Inc | インクジエツト用インク及びそれを用いたインクジエツト記録方法 |
CA2023745A1 (en) * | 1989-11-27 | 1991-05-28 | Kelly E. Tormaschy | Control of polymerization reaction |
JPH10219166A (ja) * | 1997-02-05 | 1998-08-18 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | ジェットプリンター用インキ |
JP4457892B2 (ja) * | 1997-02-17 | 2010-04-28 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | インクジェット記録用インクおよびインクジェット記録装置 |
JP3556835B2 (ja) * | 1997-06-02 | 2004-08-25 | 大日精化工業株式会社 | 画像記録用着色組成物及びその製造方法 |
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2004
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2005
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- 2005-02-08 DK DK05714156T patent/DK1660230T3/da active
- 2005-02-08 DE DE602005011740T patent/DE602005011740D1/de active Active
- 2005-02-08 CN CNB2005800049233A patent/CN100471554C/zh active Active
- 2005-02-08 JP JP2006552603A patent/JP4796509B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-02-08 EA EA200601492A patent/EA010798B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-02-08 PT PT05714156T patent/PT1660230E/pt unknown
- 2005-02-08 WO PCT/EP2005/050519 patent/WO2005082518A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-02-08 ES ES05714156T patent/ES2315847T3/es active Active
- 2005-02-08 EP EP05714156A patent/EP1660230B1/en active Active
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US3998995A (en) * | 1974-12-02 | 1976-12-21 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Polymerization method and apparatus |
US6301546B1 (en) * | 1999-01-22 | 2001-10-09 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Process for detecting and monitoring changes in properties of fluidized bed solids by pressure difference fluctuation measurement |
US6384157B1 (en) * | 2000-05-16 | 2002-05-07 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Method of detecting and correcting local defluidization and channeling in fluidized-bed reactors for polymerization |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1563903A1 (en) | 2005-08-17 |
EA200601492A1 (ru) | 2007-02-27 |
DK1660230T3 (da) | 2009-04-06 |
JP4796509B2 (ja) | 2011-10-19 |
EA010798B1 (ru) | 2008-12-30 |
EP1660230B1 (en) | 2008-12-17 |
US7329712B2 (en) | 2008-02-12 |
WO2005082518A3 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
ATE417664T1 (de) | 2009-01-15 |
WO2005082518A2 (en) | 2005-09-09 |
CN1925909A (zh) | 2007-03-07 |
DE602005011740D1 (de) | 2009-01-29 |
JP2007522302A (ja) | 2007-08-09 |
EP1660230A2 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
PT1660230E (pt) | 2009-02-16 |
US20070032613A1 (en) | 2007-02-08 |
ES2315847T3 (es) | 2009-04-01 |
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