CN100455186C

CN100455186C - Biologically regulated cultivation of aquatic animals

Info

Publication number: CN100455186C
Application number: CNB031391648A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 林式柱
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2003-08-23
Filing date: 2003-08-23
Publication date: 2009-01-28
Anticipated expiration: 2023-08-23
Also published as: CN1582644A

Abstract

The present invention relates to an ecologically regulated cultivation technology of aquatic animals, which makes use of the interdependence living mechanism of natural aquatic animals and plants to regulate the ecological balance of the water body and provide active food for the aquatic animals of artificial cultivation. The ecologically regulated cultivation technology mainly comprises the following steps: cleaning harmful aquatic animals in field ponds, water discharge with screen obstructing the harmful aquatic animals into the field pond, entermorpha transplantation, algae gammaridae transplantation, inorganic fertilizer and organic bait release through manual control to make the entermorpha and algae gammaridae maintaining ecological balance in the field pond, free-range feeding or fishing feeding aquatic animals, etc. The ecologically regulated cultivation technology is characterized in that according to the survival quantity of the entermorpha and the algae gammaridae in the field pond and the living interdependence thereof, human carries out regulation to realize ecological balance and reach the goal of changing disadvantages into advantages. The present invention effectively utilizes natural harmful aquatic plants and aquatic animals as the food of cultured aquatic livestock, which clears harmful matters in the field pond changes the harmful matters into useful appliances, and resists the diseases of the aquatic livestock.

Description

A kind of ecology regulation and control aquaculture of aquatic animal technology

Technical field:

The present invention relates to the ecology regulation and control aquaculture of aquatic animal technology that a kind of interdependence existence mechanism of utilizing natural aquatic animal and plant is regulated the ecological balance of water body and foodstuff is provided for the aquatic livestock of propagating artificially, particularly not only made full use of natural water plants and aquatic animal and provide foodstuff, but also utilized the balance of ecology regulation and control to suppress the incidence of disease that people culture aquatic livestock for artificial aquatic livestock by ecology regulation and control.

Background technology:

Continuous progress and development along with human society, people constantly increase the demand of aquatic products, the demand that the excessive amount of fishing of natural water product and the output that causes descend with people forms contradiction, therefore, people just begin a large amount of aquatic products of propagating artificially, as manually supporting shrimp, manually breeding fish, propagate artificially shellfish or the like.The natural enemy of the aquatic livestock of being cultured except quilt in propagating the aquatic products process artificially works the mischief, the natural, ecological imbalance of propagating occasion artificially tends to cause dissolvingly the infringement of propagating aquatic livestock artificially, and this has common in the example of manually supporting the shrimps aquatic products in recent years more.For this harm, usually adopt when propagating aquatic livestock artificially at present and throw in medicine or in bait, add relevant inhibition composition and kill noxious animal or plant, but this method simultaneously to the aquatic livestock raised cause in various degree adverse effect, even make and carry these pharmaceutical compositions in the aquatic livestock body, the eater is caused certain harm, and this phenomenon also is common in existing report and example.Therefore, in recent years, it has been observed that the plant and animal that utilizes in the water body according to the feeding habits relation, seek and solve the benign cycle mechanism of propagating aquatic livestock artificially.

Enteromorpha is a kind of pasture and water, generally be grown in the nonflowing character Tian Chili in shallow water territory, particularly manually develop the Tian Chili of shallow sea aquaculture, the fertility of Enteromorpha is very strong, and when especially water temperature was elevated to a certain degree, Enteromorpha can be full of water body rapidly within these few days, and the covering water surface, not only have a strong impact on activity and the predation of propagating aquatic livestock artificially, and can significantly reduce the oxygen composition in the water body, the life of harm aquatic livestock.Arrived high temperature season, Enteromorpha also can sink to the Tian Chi bottom surface and form the layer that rots, and produces a large amount of organic matter pollution paddy fields, and the breed in the coming year is caused bigger harm.At present, when propagating aquatic livestock artificially, general adopt the growth that reduces Enteromorpha as medicines such as herbicides, suppress the harm that it causes, but when using medicine such as herbicide, the one, be difficult to control the procreation of Enteromorpha, the 2nd, medicine also has to a certain degree harm to water body.

Algae gammarid (Amphithoe Japonica) is segmental appendage aquatic animal class, Amphipoda.Male body is about 20mm, and female gonosome is about 12mm, and distribute grows in the silt ditch grass in river mouth, inner bay and shallow water territory, salt pan more, and especially happiness occupy in the Enteromorpha.The algae gammarid is a food with water plants or natural organic matter, belongs to wide temperature, eurysalinity aquatic animal, and its breeding and survival ability and water temperature have direct relation, generally reach the breeding peak period when 21 ℃ of left and right sides of water temperature, and its mobility is strong with the night.Test observation factually, algae gammarid and Enteromorpha can reach ecology regulation and control and the state of balance in certain waters, and the algae gammarid is again the good foodstuff of aquatic livestocks such as fish, shrimp, crab class.

Summary of the invention:

The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming that exists in the prior art, utilize concerning of aquatic animal and water plants according to feeding habits are biological, with the foodstuff of Enteromorpha as the algae gammarid, by controlling its relative breeding amount, reach the ecological balance, make and propagate the harm that aquatic livestock neither is subjected to Enteromorpha artificially, can obtain this natural activated feed of algae gammarid again, become harmful, make the aquaculture of aquatic animal waters not contaminated simultaneously into favourable.

To achieve these goals, realization of the present invention comprises pond clearly, water inlet, Enteromorpha is transplanted, the algae gammarid is transplanted, ecology regulation and control and put or fish for steps such as feeding aquatic livestock in a suitable place to breed, its particular content is: will wait that earlier the Tian Chi that cultures aquatic livestock carries out the labor cleaning, particularly remove the ovum seed of animal in other water that the foster aquatic livestock of quilt is harmful to etc., utilize screen cloth control to discharge water again to Tian Chizhong, its degree of depth that discharges water is on being decided by foster aquatic livestock kind, when pond, field middle water level reaches required amount, throw in through killing the active Enteromorpha after the processing by water surface area or volume, and the even distribution of maintenance Enteromorpha in water body, and then throw in the inorganic fertilizer be beneficial to the Enteromorpha growth to Tian Chizhong, treat that Enteromorpha breeds growth when occupying water body 3/4 waters in Tian Chi, throw in the algae gammarid seedling that does not have other aquatic animals to Tian Chizhong again, when algae gammarid breeding amount reaches a certain amount of, manually throw in for the edible organic bait of algae gammarid to Tian Chizhong, eat clean Enteromorpha or make the Enteromorpha amount on the low side to control excessive algae gammarid, and make both reach the ecological balance; When controlling this balance, put aquatic livestock in a suitable place to breed and control three's the ecological balance or drag for and catch the algae gammarid and feed and supported aquatic livestock and get final product from Tian Chizhong to Tian Chizhong.So-called ecology regulation and control is meant Artificial Control Enteromorpha in this technology, algae gammarid and cultures the process of the ecological balance between the aquatic livestock three, it is the process of an existence dynamic change, promptly fish for algae gammarid or its and cultured the predation amount that to throw in artificial feed control aquatic livestock behind the aquatic livestock excessive amount, make Enteromorpha, algae gammarid, supported the aquatic livestock three and be in all the time in the process of the ecological balance, until being gone out the pond by foster aquatic livestock such as shrimps, fish, crab class.

The present invention utilizes the means of the artificial input bait control ecological balance, make Enteromorpha be become the activated feed of being supported aquatic livestock by the rationally edible back breeding of algae gammarid, become harmful into favourable, not only provided natural harmless foodstuff, and solved the pollution of Enteromorpha effectively the Tian Chi waters for supporting aquatic livestock.

Embodiment:

16 mu of foster shrimp Tian Chi of Huanghai Sea seashore are chosen in enforcement of the present invention, utilize Enteromorpha to cultivate the algae gammarid as aquatic livestock bait with culture the example of japonicus in the pond respectively.

Embodiment 1:

Utilize Enteromorpha to culture the algae gammarid, and adopt the live body feed of catching as japonicus, its step is as follows:

1. at the beginning of spring, 16 mu of Tian Chi are carried out artificial clear pond, to remove pest;

2. hang 80 mesh sieve tulles and discharge water to Tian Chizhong, no pest in guaranteeing to discharge water, the depth of water reaches 50cm, records 3 ℃ of water temperatures, and the proportion of water is 1.022;

3. choose the Enteromorpha 0.5m that does not have the harmful aquatic animal of survival ³, dropping into Tian Chizhong, and make and be uniformly distributed in the waters, its growth is after 10 days, looses to Tian Chizhong and executes 25 kilograms of urea, makes Enteromorpha begin a large amount of fast breedings; After one month, Enteromorpha occupies pond, field water surface area and reaches 3/4;

4. 40 kilograms of pure algae gammarid seedlings that throw in not have harmful aquatic animal to Tian Chizhong, simultaneously 2 require to discharge water to the degree of depth and reach 100cm set by step, left standstill 20 days, allow its natural propagation grow, when algae gammarid breeding amount has quickening trend, manually throw in powdery peanut meal or fermentation cow dung or its both mixture, lose the ecological balance of the two with the control excessive edible Enteromorpha of algae gammarid to the Tian Chizhong regulation and control;

In the observation water Enteromorpha color by viridescent when the blackish green variation, indicate that the biomass of algae gammarid increases, be more than 100 grams through recording every cube of water body content;

6. adopt with screen cloth and catch the algae gammarid as the feed of being supported japonicus, the adopting of algae gammarid caught and is generally every interval and adopted in 10 days and catch once, adopt at every turn and catch the 50-400 kilogram and do not wait, and in adopting the process of catching, to throw in Enteromorpha to Tian Chizhong not enough to replenish in good time, keep ecological relative equilibrium, simultaneously should be according to temperature conditions and weather condition to Tian Chizhong discharge water (screen cloth);

In 6 months that adopt for the first time after catching, adopt altogether and catch 9100 kilograms of algae gammarids, replenish to Tian Chizhong and throw in Enteromorpha 35m ³Adopt to catch before arrive winter and should make the survival volume of algae gammarid in the pond remain on every cubic metre of 5-10 gram, in order to the usefulness of 1 year provenance.

Embodiment 2:

Utilize Enteromorpha to culture the algae gammarid, and put japonicus in a suitable place to breed at Tian Chizhong, its step is as follows: after culturing by the step of the 1-4 among the embodiment 1, put japonicus seedling 8000 tails in a suitable place to breed by every mu of waters, after one month, record japonicus and grow to 4.5cm, and the color of Enteromorpha begins to blackish green variation, the biomass of algae gammarid is every cube of water body 100 grams; Continue Enteromorpha amount and algae gammarid amount in the Artificial Control water, after 20 days, prawn grows to 8cm, and the biomass of algae gammarid still is every cubic metre 100 gram, after 10 days, record prawn and grow to 9.5cm, algae gammarid biomass drops to every cubic metre of water body 30 grams, replenishes and throws in the mouth that artitificial food is blocked japonicus, reducing its food to the algae gammarid catches, kept the relative ecological balance one month, catch 900 kilograms of japonicus, and the no any disease substance of chemical examination.

Embodiment 3:

Feed or put in a suitable place to breed the various fish that eat the algae gammarids by embodiment 1 with embodiment 2 identical step method respectively, as marine perch; Or the crab class, as marine swimming crab.

Claims

1. ecology regulation and control aquaculture of aquatic animal technology, comprise pond clearly, water inlet, Enteromorpha is transplanted, the algae gammarid is transplanted, ecology regulation and control and put in a suitable place to breed or fish for and feed each step of aquatic livestock, it is characterized in that to wait earlier that the Tian Chi that cultures aquatic livestock manually removes animal ovum seed in the harmful water, utilize screen cloth control to discharge water to Tian Chizhong, throw in the active Enteromorpha after the sterilization processing and keep its even distribution in water body by water surface area or volume, throw in the inorganic fertilizer that is beneficial to the Enteromorpha growth to Tian Chizhong then, treat to occupy water body 3/4 waters again to Tian Chizhong input algae gammarid seedling after the Enteromorpha breeding, and make both reach the ecological balance with the survival volume of throwing in for the edible organic bait control Enteromorpha of algae gammarid in its breeding back, put aquatic livestock in a suitable place to breed and control three's the ecological balance or drag for and catch the algae gammarid and feed to Tian Chizhong simultaneously by foster aquatic livestock from Tian Chizhong.

2. ecology regulation and control aquaculture of aquatic animal technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that the aquatic livestock of being put in a suitable place to breed is shrimps, fish and crab class.

3. ecology regulation and control aquaculture of aquatic animal technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that throwing in the inorganic fertilizer that is beneficial to the Enteromorpha growth to Tian Chizhong is urea.

4. ecology regulation and control aquaculture of aquatic animal technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that to throw in for the edible organic bait of algae gammarid be powdery peanut meal or ferment cow dung or its both mixture for control Enteromorpha survival volume makes its and algae gammarid reach the ecological balance.