CN100451308C - 机动车冷却系统 - Google Patents

机动车冷却系统 Download PDF

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CN100451308C
CN100451308C CNB2004800312597A CN200480031259A CN100451308C CN 100451308 C CN100451308 C CN 100451308C CN B2004800312597 A CNB2004800312597 A CN B2004800312597A CN 200480031259 A CN200480031259 A CN 200480031259A CN 100451308 C CN100451308 C CN 100451308C
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flow circuit
cooling system
pressure
pipeline
pump
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CN1871413A (zh
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贡纳尔·特奥雷尔
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Volvo Truck Corp
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Volvo Lastvagnar AB
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01PCOOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • F01P7/16Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control
    • F01P7/165Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control characterised by systems with two or more loops
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01PCOOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00Liquid cooling
    • F01P3/22Liquid cooling characterised by evaporation and condensation of coolant in closed cycles; characterised by the coolant reaching higher temperatures than normal atmospheric boiling-point
    • F01P3/2207Liquid cooling characterised by evaporation and condensation of coolant in closed cycles; characterised by the coolant reaching higher temperatures than normal atmospheric boiling-point characterised by the coolant reaching temperatures higher than the normal atmospheric boiling point
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01PCOOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P11/00Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
    • F01P11/02Liquid-coolant filling, overflow, venting, or draining devices
    • F01P11/0285Venting devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01PCOOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P11/00Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
    • F01P11/02Liquid-coolant filling, overflow, venting, or draining devices
    • F01P11/029Expansion reservoirs
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01PCOOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P5/00Pumping cooling-air or liquid coolants
    • F01P5/10Pumping liquid coolant; Arrangements of coolant pumps
    • F01P2005/105Using two or more pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01PCOOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • F01P2007/143Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid using restrictions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01PCOOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • F01P2007/146Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid using valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01PCOOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2060/00Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
    • F01P2060/02Intercooler
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01PCOOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2060/00Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
    • F01P2060/04Lubricant cooler
    • F01P2060/045Lubricant cooler for transmissions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01PCOOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2060/00Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
    • F01P2060/06Retarder
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01PCOOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2060/00Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
    • F01P2060/08Cabin heater
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/23Layout, e.g. schematics
    • F02M26/28Layout, e.g. schematics with liquid-cooled heat exchangers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于安装在车辆中的内燃机的冷却系统,包括带有泵(11)的输油管回路,该泵用于经过发动机的气缸座(10)中的导管和散热器(17)循环冷却剂。该输油管回路与大气压隔离。该冷却系统还包括第二输油管回路,该第二输油管回路设置有常压的冷却剂储存箱(21),该常压低于第一输油管回路中的压力,以及用于在具有冷却要求的单元(26,27)和散热器(30)之间经过管线(29)循环冷却剂的泵(28),并且第二输油管回路经过在第一输油管回路方向上打开的单向阀(25)连接到第一输油管回路上。

Description

机动车冷却系统
技术领域
本发明涉及用于安装在车辆中的内燃机的冷却系统,该冷却系统包括带有泵的输油管回路,该泵用于经过发动机的气缸体中的导管和散热器循环冷却剂,该输油管回路与大气压隔离。
背景技术
在用于安装在车辆中的内燃机的常规冷却系统中,使用较大的膨胀箱(expansion tank)作为冷却剂的储备容器(reserve volume),并用于补偿冷却剂从冷启动加热到大约80至90℃的完全工作温度时发生的冷却剂蒸发。膨胀箱需要空间并占用冷却区。
重型涡轮增压柴油车,例如卡车的发展已经意味着对用于发动机和齿轮箱的油冷却器、中冷器、EGR气体冷却器和减速器冷却器冷却能力的增强要求。有些这种装置,例如中冷器、EGR冷却器和变速箱冷却器经常要求比内燃机所要求的温度更低温度的冷却剂流入。
通过增大散热面积和冷却剂流量通常已经满足这种要求。这些措施一般意味着冷却剂泵中的气穴危险因这些冷却系统中的压力下降过大而增加。
例如,从US6,532,910中已知利用来自发动机吸入侧的正压经过膨胀箱对冷却系统加压。该压力增大意味着在气穴危险降低的同时,在冷却系统中保持较高的温度。这种已知技术方案的一个问题是,如果发动机以低载荷运转,则从发动机启动直到冷却系统中的压力增大要花费几分钟时间。在此期间,冷却系统循环泵和气缸套中的气穴能够导致局部过热,这可能引起发动机损伤。而且,系统压力能够在小的阀泄漏事件中消失。
发明内容
因此,本发明的一个目的是,生产一冷却系统,它可能使压力快速增大,它可以以节省空间的方式设计,并具有较小的压力下降,并在中等阀泄漏事件中不会损失系统压力。
为了实现这一目的,本发明所述冷却系统的特征在于,该冷却系统还包括第二输油管回路,该输油管回路设置有具有正常压力的冷却剂储存箱,该正常压力低于第一输油管回路中的压力,和用于在具有冷却需求的单元和第二散热器之间循环冷却剂的泵,并且第二输油管回路经过在第一输油管回路的方向上打开的单向阀连接到第一输油管回路。对于具有有利的输油阻力的不同任务/温度范围,冷却系统的这种设计允许对两个输油管回路进行单独的优化。在高温范围工作的输油管回路可以设计成与大气隔绝,从而能够快速进行该管回路中的压力增大。正常压力意味着发动机工作时第二输油管回路中的压力正常上升。
附图说明
本发明将在下面参照附图中所示的说明性实施例详细描述,其中
附图1是一示意图,示出了本发明所述冷却系统中的第一输油管回路,
附图2以相对应的方式示出了本发明所述冷却系统中第二输油管回路,
附图3以相对应的方式示出了组合在一起的两个输油管回路,从而示出了本发明所述冷却系统的整体。
具体实施方式
将结合作为两个单独输油管回路的附图1和2描述本发明所述冷却系统,在附图3中示出了组合的这两个输油管回路。
附图1中所示第一输油管回路的主要任务是调节内燃机10的温度。为了该目的,输油管回路包括循环泵11,该循环泵在压力侧将冷却剂进给到发动机10的气缸座中的直通导管中,用于冷却气缸套和气缸盖。冷却剂也通过与气缸盖结合设置的油冷却器12和EGR冷却器13。
冷却剂经过恒温阀(thermalstat valve)14离开气缸盖,该恒温阀能够以已知的方式使流体在低温下经由返回管线15直接导回泵11的入口,或者在高温下经由穿过散热器17的管线16导回泵11的入口。返回管线15和管线16连接到泵的吸入侧上,该泵经过管线18连接到装料/排出容器19a上,该容器经过管线19b连接到散热器17上,并设置有压力误差填充盖(pressure tolerant filling cover)和压力控制阀20。该阀20的出口连接到附图2和3中所示的冷却剂储存箱21上。管线22a从恒温阀14的上游点经过用于加热车辆驾驶室的加热器23延伸到散热器17的下游点。排气管22b从管回路的相同部分延伸到装料/排出容器19a。另一分支管线24形成与第二输油管回路的连接,该连接由压紧弹簧加载的止回阀25进行限制。因此,该第一输油管回路利用压力控制阀20和止回阀25与大气压隔离。
附图2中所示第二输油管回路的主要任务是调节用于增压空气和EGR及齿轮箱冷却27的一个或多个热交换器26的温度。为了实现该目的,输油管回路包括在压力侧通过管线29进给冷却剂的循环泵28。在通过上述热交换器之后,冷却剂利用散热器30进行冷却,该散热器相对于通过这些散热器的气流定位在散热器17的上游。用于排气的分支管线31连接到位于散热器30上游的管线29上,并经过阻流器(choke)32将管线29连接到冷却剂储存箱21中。分支管线24连接到循环泵28的压力侧上的第二输油管回路的管线29上。该第二输油管回路以比第一输油管回路更低的温度和压力稳定地工作。
附图3示出了组合形成本发明所述冷却系统的两个输油管回路。通过将该冷却系统分成两个单独的输油管回路,可以保持较低的压力下降。当发动机启动时,第一输油管回路用冷却剂增压,该冷却剂在循环泵28和分支管线24的帮助下从冷却剂储存箱21进给到循环泵11的吸入侧。在压力增大期间,冷却系统经过第一管回路中的压力控制阀20和第二管回路中的阻流器32向冷却剂储存箱21进行排放。在冷却过程中,冷却剂可以经过止回阀25和分支管线24从储存箱21抽回第一输油管回路。
附图3示出了本发明的变型,其中第二输油管回路已经在分支管线24的下游和热交换器27的上游设置有可变阻流器33。为了瞬间增大发动机启动时第二输油管回路中的压力下降,可以积极地使用该阻流器33,该压力下降加速第一输油管回路中的压力增大并因此减小气穴损伤的危险。而且,在例如减速器制动的情况下,为了瞬时增大冷却性能,可以使用阻流器,将冷却剂从第二输油管回路(低温管回路)向第一输油管回路(高温管回路)进给。在该连接中,低温的冷却剂通过止回阀25进给到第一输油管回路,相对应数量的冷却剂通过压力阀20进给到冷却剂储存箱21。
在附图3中示出了本发明的另一变型。在第二输油管回路中较大的压力下降的情况下,从该管回路到第一输油管回路的进给压力可以变得非常高。在该连接中,可以通过减压阀25限制进给压力。根据附图3,冷却系统具有带止回阀35的管线,该止回阀可能使冷却剂在冷却系统进行冷却时从冷却剂储存箱21流入第一输油管回路中。
本发明不看作局限于上述说明性实施例,而且在所附权利要求的范围内可以进行许多进一步的变形和修改。例如,供应/排出容器19a可以与散热器17组合。压力控制阀20不必与供应/排出容器19a整体形成,而是可以定位在通向冷却剂储存箱21的管线处,或者在冷却剂储存箱21和容器19a之间的管线上。具有冷却需要的各部件,例如EGR冷却器和油冷却器可以根据需要和优化可选地连接到一个或其它输油管回路上,并因此而不受所示说明性实施例约束。

Claims (7)

1.用于安装在车辆中的内燃机的冷却系统,该冷却系统包括带有泵(11)的输油管回路,该泵(11)用于经过发动机的气缸座(10)中的导管和散热器(17)循环冷却剂,该输油管回路与大气压隔离,其特征在于,该冷却系统还包括第二输油管回路,该第二输油管回路设置有常压的冷却剂储存箱(21),该常压低于第一输油管回路中的压力,以及用于在具有冷却要求的单元(26,27)和第二散热器(30)之间经过管线(29)循环冷却剂的泵(28),并且第二输油管回路经过在第一输油管回路方向上打开的单向阀(25)连接到第一输油管回路上。
2.如权利要求1所述的冷却系统,其特征在于,该单向阀(25)定位在管线(24)中,该管线(24)将第一输油管回路的吸入侧连接到第二输油管回路的压力侧上。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的冷却系统,其特征在于,第一输油管回路设置有压力控制阀(20),该阀设置成当超出预定压力水平时打开,然后与设置在第二输油管回路中的冷却剂储存箱(21)连通。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的冷却系统,其特征在于,冷却剂储存箱(21)经过入口管线连接到第二输油管回路的循环泵(28)上。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的冷却系统,其特征在于,在冷却系统进行冷却时,带有增压单向阀(34)的管线使得冷却剂能够从冷却剂储存箱(21)流入第一输油管回路中。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的冷却系统,其特征在于,第二输油管回路的管线(29)设置有可变阻流器(33),该可变阻流器(33)能够调节从第二管回路向第一管回路进给冷却剂的该回路中的压力下降。
7.如权利要求6中所述的冷却系统,其特征在于,第一输油管回路包括液冷式减速器的冷却器。
CNB2004800312597A 2003-10-24 2004-10-19 机动车冷却系统 Expired - Fee Related CN100451308C (zh)

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SE0302834A SE525988C2 (sv) 2003-10-24 2003-10-24 Kylsystem för en i ett fordon monterad förbränningsmotor

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EP (1) EP1689987B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP4387413B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN100451308C (zh)
AT (1) ATE434120T1 (zh)
BR (1) BRPI0415569B1 (zh)
DE (1) DE602004021626D1 (zh)
SE (1) SE525988C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO2005040574A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102235225A (zh) * 2010-04-28 2011-11-09 奥迪股份公司 用于内燃机的冷却剂回路

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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US20060213459A1 (en) 2006-09-28
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US7216609B2 (en) 2007-05-15
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SE0302834D0 (sv) 2003-10-24

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