US20090250019A1 - Cooling system - Google Patents
Cooling system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20090250019A1 US20090250019A1 US12/095,202 US9520206A US2009250019A1 US 20090250019 A1 US20090250019 A1 US 20090250019A1 US 9520206 A US9520206 A US 9520206A US 2009250019 A1 US2009250019 A1 US 2009250019A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- coolant
- engine
- cooling system
- deaeration
- expansion vessel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
- F01P11/02—Liquid-coolant filling, overflow, venting, or draining devices
- F01P11/028—Deaeration devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cooling system for an engine.
- the system comprises a main radiator, at least one coolant pump, an expansion vessel, and at least one deaeration conduit connecting at least one high point of the cooling system and the expansion vessel.
- the higher coolant temperature is however not only beneficial; a side effect of the higher coolant temperature is that the life of the expansion vessel is significantly reduced.
- One way of improving the life is to manufacture the expansion vessel of a more temperature durable material, but this has proven to be expensive.
- At least one secondary heat exchanger is provided for cooling coolant flowing through said at least one deaeration conduit.
- the at least one secondary heat exchanger is an elongate pipe or hose placed in a stream of air. This embodiment is advantageous in that it is uncomplicated and inexpensive.
- the first embodiment can be further improved if the elongate pipe or hose is provided with area increasing means. This allows for a shorter pipe or hose.
- the secondary heat exchanger is a coolant/coolant heat exchanger exchanging heat between a cold coolant and the coolant flowing through said at least one deaeration conduit.
- This embodiment could be useful if the vehicle is equipped with separate cooling circuits for engine and appliances, e.g. gearbox and/or charge cooler.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a cooling system 100 according to the present invention, wherein the cooling system 100 is intended to cool an engine 150 .
- the cooling system 100 comprises a main radiator 110 , a bypass 115 , a coolant pump 120 , an expansion tank 130 provided with a filler cap 131 , inlets 137 , 138 and an outlet 139 situated at a bottom part of the expansion tank, a thermostat 140 and secondary heat exchangers 145 , 145 ′.
- the outlet 139 is connected to a point downstream the radiator 110 and upstream the coolant pump 120 by a conduit 180 (for definition of upstream and downstream, see next paragraph).
- the cooling system 100 includes first and second drain cocks 160 , 161 located at bottom portions of the main radiator 110 and an engine 150 to be cooled, respectively.
- the cooling system is connected to a gearbox cooler 170 and/or a brake compressor 175 , i.e. the compressor for supplying the braking system of the vehicle with compressed air.
- a hosing and/or piping system which in FIG. 1 are shown as full lines provided with small arrows indicating a flow direction of a coolant flowing between the above mentioned components. Consequently, a side of a component facing a tip of a small arrow is an upstream side of the component, and a side of a component facing a base of the small arrow is a downstream side of said component.
- the hosing and/or piping system is only given reference numerals when a portion of the system is directly referred to, since the basic function of such a system is well known by persons skilled in the art.
- Two deaeration conduits 137 ′, 138 ′ connect high points in the cooling system 100 on the engine 150 and on the main radiator 110 to the inlets 137 , 138 of the expansion vessel, via the secondary heat exchangers 145 , 145 ′, respectively.
- the purpose of the cooling system is mainly to cool the engine by transferring heat from the engine 150 to the main radiator 110 .
- the coolant pump 120 provides the flow of coolant, the direction of which, as mentioned earlier, being indicated by small arrowheads on the conduits connecting various components, into internal cooling circuits CC in the engine 150 , where the coolant absorbs heat, which increases the temperature of the coolant.
- the coolant passes the thermostat 140 ; if the coolant temperature is above a threshold value, e.g. 110 degrees centigrade, the thermostat directs the flow of coolant to the main radiator 110 , where the hot coolant exchanges heat with ambient air. The heat exchange with the air results in a temperature drop of the coolant.
- the cold coolant is again fed to the coolant pump 120 , from which it again enters the engine's coolant circuits CC.
- the coolant is directed by the thermostat 140 to the bypass 115 , in order to let the coolant bypass the main radiator 110 .
- the coolant experiences no significant temperature drop, which helps the coolant, and hence the engine, to reach an appropriate working temperature more rapidly.
- the thermostat might direct part of the coolant flow through the radiator, and allow the other part of the coolant flow to bypass the main radiator.
- the two deaerating conduits 137 ′, 138 ′ are connecting a point close to the thermostat 140 and a point on the top area of the main radiator 110 to the inlets 137 and 138 of the expansion vessel 130 , respectively.
- coolant will be forced to flow through the conduits 137 ′, 138 ′ to the expansion vessel 130 due to the coolant pressure drop over the main radiator 110 or the bypass 115 .
- the coolant entering the expansion vessel will eventually re-enter the cooling flow scheme coolant pump 120 —engine 150 —thermostat 140 —main radiator 110 . This re-entering takes place by the conduit 180 connecting the expansion vessel outlet 139 to a point downstream the main radiator 110 and upstream the coolant pump 120 .
- the coolant flowing through the deaerating conduits may contain some gas, which e.g. might emanate from small leaks or simply from diffusion of combustion gas through the cast iron from which the engine is manufactured.
- the possible gas mixed in the coolant from the engine 150 and the main radiator 110 will raise towards the coolant surface, hence leaving a virtually gas free coolant to re-enter the cooling circuits CC of the engine 150 .
- the coolant temperature is decreased by the provision of the secondary heat exchangers 145 , 145 ′, which as mentioned are placed in the deaeration conduits 137 ′, 138 ′.
- the secondary heat exchangers 145 and 145 ′ are simply elongate pipes of a heat conducting material, e.g. any kind of metal, e.g. iron, steel, copper, aluminium, stainless steel or any other suitable metal.
- the pipes are placed in a stream of cold air, e.g. in front of the main radiator 110 .
- these pipes are provided with area increasing means, e.g. circumferentially extending wings.
- the secondary heat exchangers might be coolant/coolant heat exchangers.
- This might be an advantageous solution if two separate cooling systems are used, e.g. one high temperature cooling system for cooling the engine and one low temperature cooling system for gearbox cooling. Separate cooling systems could also be used as a means for allowing a coolant/air heat exchanger as a charge cooler for engine intake air, compressed in the turbocharger, in a way that is well known by persons skilled in the art.
- the invention has been described with two separate secondary heat exchangers 145 , 145 ′.
- FIG. 2 As can be seen, most reference numerals have been omitted in FIG. 2 , for the sake of simplicity. It is however obvious that all non-referenced components shown in FIG. 2 are identical to those shown in FIG. 1 .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
A cooling system (100) for an engine (150), comprising at least one coolant pump (120) for pumping a coolant through the engine (150) and a thermostat (140) operable to selectively direct said coolant from said engine (150) via a bypass (115) back to said engine (150) or via a main radiator (110) back to said engine (150) in response to a temperature of said coolant from said engine (150), and an expansion vessel (130) for deaerating said cooling system (100). The system (100) includes a first deaeration conduit (13V) connecting a high point of said engine (150) to said expansion vessel (130), and a second deaeration conduit (138′) connecting a high point of said main radiator (110) to said expansion vessel, and said first and second deaeration conduits (137′, 138′) are provided with at least one heat exchanger (145, 145′) for cooling coolant flowing through said deaeration conduits (137′, 138′).
Description
- The present invention relates to a cooling system for an engine. The system comprises a main radiator, at least one coolant pump, an expansion vessel, and at least one deaeration conduit connecting at least one high point of the cooling system and the expansion vessel.
- Today, most cooling systems for engines in trucks, heavy duty trucks, tractors, passenger cars, marine engines, excavators etc. are equipped with so called deaeration systems, i.e. a (small diameter) hose or pipe leading from a high point of the cooling system to the expansion vessel. As is well known by persons skilled in the art, gas tends to cumulate in high points in cooling systems, and by providing a hose or pipe leading from a high point to the expansion vessel, cumulated gas will enter the expansion vessel, where the gas can be separated from coolant by the force of gravity.
- For a number of reasons, it is more or less industry standard to use expansion vessels made from transparent plastic material; a transparent material gives a possibility to monitor both the coolant level and the condition of the coolant by noticing colour changes.
- In the automotive industry, there is an ongoing trend towards ever higher coolant temperatures. Higher coolant temperatures mean a lot of advantages; for example, the main radiator can be significantly smaller, still maintaining a cooling rate which is high enough.
- The higher coolant temperature is however not only beneficial; a side effect of the higher coolant temperature is that the life of the expansion vessel is significantly reduced. One way of improving the life is to manufacture the expansion vessel of a more temperature durable material, but this has proven to be expensive.
- According to an aspect of the present invention at least one secondary heat exchanger is provided for cooling coolant flowing through said at least one deaeration conduit.
- In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the at least one secondary heat exchanger is an elongate pipe or hose placed in a stream of air. This embodiment is advantageous in that it is uncomplicated and inexpensive.
- The first embodiment can be further improved if the elongate pipe or hose is provided with area increasing means. This allows for a shorter pipe or hose.
- In another embodiment, the secondary heat exchanger is a coolant/coolant heat exchanger exchanging heat between a cold coolant and the coolant flowing through said at least one deaeration conduit. This embodiment could be useful if the vehicle is equipped with separate cooling circuits for engine and appliances, e.g. gearbox and/or charge cooler.
- In the following, the invention will be described with reference to the appended drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of the present invention, andFIG. 2 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 1 shows acooling system 100 according to the present invention, wherein thecooling system 100 is intended to cool anengine 150. Thecooling system 100 comprises amain radiator 110, abypass 115, acoolant pump 120, anexpansion tank 130 provided with afiller cap 131,inlets outlet 139 situated at a bottom part of the expansion tank, athermostat 140 andsecondary heat exchangers outlet 139 is connected to a point downstream theradiator 110 and upstream thecoolant pump 120 by a conduit 180 (for definition of upstream and downstream, see next paragraph). Moreover, thecooling system 100 includes first andsecond drain cocks main radiator 110 and anengine 150 to be cooled, respectively. In some embodiments, the cooling system is connected to agearbox cooler 170 and/or abrake compressor 175, i.e. the compressor for supplying the braking system of the vehicle with compressed air. - As is well known by persons skilled in the art, the above mentioned components are interconnected by a hosing and/or piping system, which in
FIG. 1 are shown as full lines provided with small arrows indicating a flow direction of a coolant flowing between the above mentioned components. Consequently, a side of a component facing a tip of a small arrow is an upstream side of the component, and a side of a component facing a base of the small arrow is a downstream side of said component. The hosing and/or piping system is only given reference numerals when a portion of the system is directly referred to, since the basic function of such a system is well known by persons skilled in the art. - Two
deaeration conduits 137′, 138′ connect high points in thecooling system 100 on theengine 150 and on themain radiator 110 to theinlets secondary heat exchangers - Hereinafter, the function of the
cooling system 100 will be described with reference toFIG. 1 . The purpose of the cooling system is mainly to cool the engine by transferring heat from theengine 150 to themain radiator 110. Thecoolant pump 120 provides the flow of coolant, the direction of which, as mentioned earlier, being indicated by small arrowheads on the conduits connecting various components, into internal cooling circuits CC in theengine 150, where the coolant absorbs heat, which increases the temperature of the coolant. After having collected the heat in the engine, the coolant passes thethermostat 140; if the coolant temperature is above a threshold value, e.g. 110 degrees centigrade, the thermostat directs the flow of coolant to themain radiator 110, where the hot coolant exchanges heat with ambient air. The heat exchange with the air results in a temperature drop of the coolant. After the radiator, the cold coolant is again fed to thecoolant pump 120, from which it again enters the engine's coolant circuits CC. - If the temperature of the coolant after having passed the engine's coolant circuits is lower than the threshold value, the coolant is directed by the
thermostat 140 to thebypass 115, in order to let the coolant bypass themain radiator 110. Hence, the coolant experiences no significant temperature drop, which helps the coolant, and hence the engine, to reach an appropriate working temperature more rapidly. If the temperature is close to the threshold value, the thermostat might direct part of the coolant flow through the radiator, and allow the other part of the coolant flow to bypass the main radiator. - In order to deaerate the coolant, the two deaerating
conduits 137′, 138′ are connecting a point close to thethermostat 140 and a point on the top area of themain radiator 110 to theinlets expansion vessel 130, respectively. During operation, coolant will be forced to flow through theconduits 137′, 138′ to theexpansion vessel 130 due to the coolant pressure drop over themain radiator 110 or thebypass 115. The coolant entering the expansion vessel will eventually re-enter the cooling flowscheme coolant pump 120—engine 150—thermostat 140—main radiator 110. This re-entering takes place by theconduit 180 connecting theexpansion vessel outlet 139 to a point downstream themain radiator 110 and upstream thecoolant pump 120. - Since the
thermostat 140 and themain radiator 110 represent two high points in the cooling system, the coolant flowing through the deaerating conduits may contain some gas, which e.g. might emanate from small leaks or simply from diffusion of combustion gas through the cast iron from which the engine is manufactured. - In the
expansion vessel 130, which compared to theconduits 137′ and 138′ represents a large volume, the possible gas mixed in the coolant from theengine 150 and themain radiator 110 will raise towards the coolant surface, hence leaving a virtually gas free coolant to re-enter the cooling circuits CC of theengine 150. - According to the invention, the coolant temperature is decreased by the provision of the
secondary heat exchangers deaeration conduits 137′, 138′. - According to a first embodiment of the invention, the
secondary heat exchangers main radiator 110. In another embodiment of the invention, these pipes are provided with area increasing means, e.g. circumferentially extending wings. - In still another embodiment, the secondary heat exchangers might be coolant/coolant heat exchangers. This might be an advantageous solution if two separate cooling systems are used, e.g. one high temperature cooling system for cooling the engine and one low temperature cooling system for gearbox cooling. Separate cooling systems could also be used as a means for allowing a coolant/air heat exchanger as a charge cooler for engine intake air, compressed in the turbocharger, in a way that is well known by persons skilled in the art.
- Furthermore, the invention has been described with two separate
secondary heat exchangers such heat exchangers FIG. 2 , to combine them into asingle heat exchanger 200 cooling coolant emanating from either the top of the radiator or the top of the engine, or both. - As can be seen, most reference numerals have been omitted in
FIG. 2 , for the sake of simplicity. It is however obvious that all non-referenced components shown inFIG. 2 are identical to those shown inFIG. 1 .
Claims (4)
1. A cooling system for an engine, the system comprising at least one coolant pump operable to pump a coolant through the engine, a thermostat operable to selectively direct the coolant from the engine via a bypass back to the engine or via a main radiator back to the engine in response to a temperature of the coolant from the engine, and an expansion vessel for deaerating the cooling system, at least a first deaeration conduit connecting a high point of the engine to the expansion vessel, and a second deaeration conduit connecting a high point of the main radiator to the expansion vessel, and the first and second deaeration conduits being provided with at least one heat exchanger for cooling coolant flowing through the deaeration conduits.
2. A cooling system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one secondary heat exchanger is an elongate pipe or hose placed in operation in a stream of air.
3. A cooling system as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the elongate pipe or hose is provided with area increasing means.
4. A cooling system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the secondary heat exchanger is a coolant/coolant heat exchanger exchanging heat between a second coolant and the coolant flowing through the deaerating conduits.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE0502676A SE529541C2 (en) | 2005-12-05 | 2005-12-05 | Cooling |
SE0502676-0 | 2005-12-05 | ||
PCT/SE2006/001332 WO2007067118A1 (en) | 2005-12-05 | 2006-11-24 | A cooling system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20090250019A1 true US20090250019A1 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
Family
ID=38123157
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/095,202 Abandoned US20090250019A1 (en) | 2005-12-05 | 2006-11-24 | Cooling system |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090250019A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1960646A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101321938B (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0619426A2 (en) |
SE (1) | SE529541C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007067118A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014031351A1 (en) * | 2012-08-20 | 2014-02-27 | Borgwarner Inc. | Thermal cold start system with multifunction valve |
US20160059672A1 (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2016-03-03 | CNH Industrial America, LLC | Cooling system for a work vehicle |
US20170122186A1 (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2017-05-04 | Hyundai Motor Company | Hybrid intercooler system and control method thereof |
RU2789952C1 (en) * | 2022-10-06 | 2023-02-14 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Министерство промышленности и торговли Российской Федерации (Минпромторг России) | Reciprocating engine closed-circuit liquid cooling system |
US20230073387A1 (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2023-03-09 | Innio Waukesha Gas Engines Inc. | System and method for extending oil life in an engine |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT508486A3 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2011-11-15 | Vaillant Group Austria Gmbh | DEVICE FOR REDUCING THE COOLANT EVAPORATION AMOUNT IN THE COOLANT CIRCUIT OF A FORCED HEATER COUPLING SYSTEM |
CN102042073A (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2011-05-04 | 东风朝阳柴油机有限责任公司 | Engine cooling water system device with automatic exhaust function |
US9121335B2 (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2015-09-01 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | System and method for an engine comprising a liquid cooling system and oil supply |
CN102337956A (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2012-02-01 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Dual-water chamber radiator structure |
JP6695433B2 (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2020-05-20 | 株式会社小松製作所 | Engine cooling device and engine system |
CN112459889A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-09 | 东风汽车集团有限公司 | Engine cooling system and control method thereof |
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US3820593A (en) * | 1970-12-01 | 1974-06-28 | Daimler Benz Ag | Installation for venting the cooling liquid of an internal compustionengine |
US4387670A (en) * | 1980-05-20 | 1983-06-14 | Valeo | Cooling systems for internal combustion engine comprising a radiator equipped with an expansion-tank |
US4510893A (en) * | 1982-07-15 | 1985-04-16 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Cooling circuit for internal combustion engines |
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US6550431B1 (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2003-04-22 | Volvo Lastvagnar Ab | Method and a device for degassing a cooling system for an internal combustion engine |
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US4006775A (en) * | 1974-03-07 | 1977-02-08 | Avrea Walter C | Automatic positive anti-aeration system for engine cooling system |
CN1004502B (en) * | 1985-05-31 | 1989-06-14 | 琼·W·埃文斯 | Process and apparatus for cooling internal combustion engines |
FR2688449B1 (en) * | 1992-03-16 | 1994-06-17 | Peugeot | LIQUID CIRCUIT FOR A HEAT EXCHANGER ASSOCIATED WITH A MOTOR VEHICLE ENGINE. |
SE521602C2 (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2003-11-18 | Volvo Lastvagnar Ab | Device for cooling systems |
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-
2005
- 2005-12-05 SE SE0502676A patent/SE529541C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2006
- 2006-11-24 EP EP06824472A patent/EP1960646A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-11-24 WO PCT/SE2006/001332 patent/WO2007067118A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-11-24 BR BRPI0619426-5A patent/BRPI0619426A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-11-24 CN CN2006800456605A patent/CN101321938B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-11-24 US US12/095,202 patent/US20090250019A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2597061A (en) * | 1949-02-12 | 1952-05-20 | Burich John | Automatic cooling system |
US3820593A (en) * | 1970-12-01 | 1974-06-28 | Daimler Benz Ag | Installation for venting the cooling liquid of an internal compustionengine |
US4387670A (en) * | 1980-05-20 | 1983-06-14 | Valeo | Cooling systems for internal combustion engine comprising a radiator equipped with an expansion-tank |
US4510893A (en) * | 1982-07-15 | 1985-04-16 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Cooling circuit for internal combustion engines |
US4913107A (en) * | 1987-05-18 | 1990-04-03 | Bmw | Liquid-cooling circulation system for power and working machines, especially internal combustion engines |
US5111776A (en) * | 1989-09-26 | 1992-05-12 | Nippon Soken, Inc. | Cooling system for an internal combustion engine |
US5309870A (en) * | 1991-12-06 | 1994-05-10 | Valeo Thermique Moteur | Method and apparatus for cooling a heat engine of widely variable power |
US5385123A (en) * | 1993-10-08 | 1995-01-31 | Evans; John W. | Segregated cooling chambers for aqueous reverse-flow engine cooling systems |
US5666911A (en) * | 1995-10-13 | 1997-09-16 | Mercedes-Benz Ag | Cooling system for a liquid-cooled internal combustion engine |
US6550431B1 (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2003-04-22 | Volvo Lastvagnar Ab | Method and a device for degassing a cooling system for an internal combustion engine |
US5970928A (en) * | 1998-10-28 | 1999-10-26 | Navistar International Transportation Corp | Self restricting engine cooling system deaeration line |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014031351A1 (en) * | 2012-08-20 | 2014-02-27 | Borgwarner Inc. | Thermal cold start system with multifunction valve |
US20160059672A1 (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2016-03-03 | CNH Industrial America, LLC | Cooling system for a work vehicle |
US20170122186A1 (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2017-05-04 | Hyundai Motor Company | Hybrid intercooler system and control method thereof |
US10378429B2 (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2019-08-13 | Hyundai Motor Company | Hybrid intercooler system and control method thereof |
US20230073387A1 (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2023-03-09 | Innio Waukesha Gas Engines Inc. | System and method for extending oil life in an engine |
US11808183B2 (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2023-11-07 | Innio Waukesha Gas Engines Inc. | System and method for extending oil life in an engine |
RU2789952C1 (en) * | 2022-10-06 | 2023-02-14 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Министерство промышленности и торговли Российской Федерации (Минпромторг России) | Reciprocating engine closed-circuit liquid cooling system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101321938A (en) | 2008-12-10 |
SE0502676L (en) | 2007-06-06 |
EP1960646A1 (en) | 2008-08-27 |
BRPI0619426A2 (en) | 2011-10-04 |
SE529541C2 (en) | 2007-09-11 |
WO2007067118A1 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
CN101321938B (en) | 2010-12-15 |
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