CN100445497C - 水泥质饰面和层压板材料 - Google Patents
水泥质饰面和层压板材料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN100445497C CN100445497C CNB2003801100204A CN200380110020A CN100445497C CN 100445497 C CN100445497 C CN 100445497C CN B2003801100204 A CNB2003801100204 A CN B2003801100204A CN 200380110020 A CN200380110020 A CN 200380110020A CN 100445497 C CN100445497 C CN 100445497C
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- Prior art keywords
- mixture
- polyvinyl alcohol
- cementitious
- butylene carbonate
- volume
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Images
Classifications
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
提供了一种水泥质饰面和层压板组合物。该水泥质层压板组合物包括:一种基底,一种施加到该基底上的底层,该底层包括聚乙烯醇催化剂、波特兰水泥、和沙的混合物;和一种施加到底层上的水泥质饰面层,该饰面层包括硫酸镁、填充物、氧化镁、石膏水泥、和聚乙烯醇催化剂的混合物。该聚乙烯醇催化剂包括溶于水中并与碳酸亚丁酯混合的聚乙烯醇纤维的混合物。通过喷雾和人工涂覆的方式将饰面层施加到基底和底层。该饰面层可在饰面层凝固之前或之后进行装饰性处理。该饰面组合物可形成用于建筑应用中的层压砖或板。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及装饰性的表面涂层以及,更具体而言,涉及包括了水泥质饰面的耐用表面涂层。
相关技术描述
传统建材如石头、水泥、砖块、和瓦片物件由于其结构整体性和美学外观而长期得到重视。由于这些材料通常沉重且笨重,通常必须采用特殊措施来确保由这种材料制造的物件和结构得以适当地支撑。遗憾的是,并非所有现存的建筑或其它结构都能够承载这种物件的重量。实际上,经常需要昂贵的增固架、强化板等等来确保这种支撑。在某些情况下,这些结构可能增加非常显著的成本并需要过度复杂的建筑技术。
此外,石头、水泥、砖块和瓦片(此后统称为“砖石(masonry)”)的材料成本也可能很昂贵。因此,已经采用能够模拟砖石外观的重量更轻的经济表面涂层来改善既有实用性又有装饰性的物件外观。
附图1是根据现有技术的无涂层表面10的透视图。为了结构和美观目的而将表面涂层或覆盖物施加到这样一种表面在现有技术中是众所周知的。被制造用于模拟砖石外观的常用表面涂层例子包括乙烯基覆盖物、织物、涂料、熟石膏、塑料(如CorianTM)、和其它人造材料如FormicaTM。然而,这些材料通常具有各种各样的劣势。乙烯基地板和墙面覆盖物通常提供橡胶状的外观并且通常可识别为赝品。织物和涂料可以这种方式印刷或运用从而提供砖石外观,但是由于这些材料与砖石相比完全不同,因此它们也通常可轻易地检测为赝品。而且,织物和涂料相对脆弱并且不能经受大量的损耗和磨损。石膏可提供比以上材料更好的砖石相似度,但是石膏相对柔软,缺乏耐用性并易于破碎和开裂。片状岩石、熟石膏和石膏产品也容易遭受黑霉菌生长(其通常在用于这种墙板产品的纸衬底长期接触水或湿气的时候发生)的影响。
对具有砖石外观的轻质耐用材料的寻求带来了可用于合适的基础材料如木材、金属、水泥纤维板、或聚合物件的砖石状覆盖物的发展。例如,美国专利No.5502941中描述了一种用于制备装饰性混凝土表面的方法和装置。如其所述,看似砖块或石板的装饰性覆盖物可由环氧树脂防水基底和覆盖了纤维玻璃结合物的弹性材料密封剂组成。将水泥、沙、色素和粘性树脂水溶液的第一灰浆层喷淋或铲平。当第一层凝固时,将具有灌浆管道模式的模板置于第一层之上,并且除了采用对比色来给出浆砌砖或石板的外观以外,施加与第一层相同组成的第二灰浆层。水泥与沙的比例为50∶50,丙烯酸树脂溶液为1.5-2加仑/46磅·包的干水泥/沙混合物。
在美国专利No.5447752中,描述了一种在表面上制备装饰性胶合图案的方法。所述表面涂层组合物包括水泥、沙、聚合物粘结剂、和水。该粘合剂是丙烯酸胶乳聚合物、例如水中的苯乙烯丁二烯。水泥与沙混合(30%-40%水泥)以形成与粘合剂溶液结合的混合物,其量为2-3加仑粘结剂溶液:100磅水泥/沙。将预先存在的表面用盐酸蚀刻、刷涂和喷洗。将具有所需图案的模板置于该表面,并且通过喷雾或人工涂覆将一层表面涂层组合物施加到模板开口中。
美国专利No.3592724描述了一种可用于制备具有改进的水蒸气不可渗透性的墙壁、地板、天花板和石膏板的磺化聚合物水泥质层压板。如其所述,该层压板主要由表面磺化的不溶于水的树脂膜和粘合于该膜的至少一个表面的无机水泥质材料组成。在一个方面,将水凝水泥涂抹于墙壁上并且磺化膜粘附于该水泥壁。可用石膏粉饰涂层将该层压壁制成成品。
通常,目前已知的用于制备水泥质层压板具有某些劣势。包括昂贵且复杂的工艺、和/或沉重并难以使用和安装的层压板的制备。现有技术进一步的劣势在于制备出来的层压板并非以这样的表面为特征:足够用于多种工业或家庭使用环境的抗刮、防火、或防水表面。同样,由于使用相对大尺寸的聚集体,可获得的薄水泥或混凝土饰面本质上易脆;为抵消由这些聚集体导致的易脆和破裂问题而使用聚合物通常导致外观上过度塑性或树脂状的饰面。由目前的水泥和混凝土制备方法相关的进一步的劣势是它们通常极具污染性并对环境产生了显著的影响。
因此需要提供一种制备经济的轻质且耐用涂层,其可用于模拟砖石的外观和功能。
进一步需要制备水泥质层压板和饰面,其利用符合目前的环境和可持续性需要的廉价且优选可回收的材料。
还进一步需要制备一种水泥质饰面,其以使用微聚集体为特征以克服与目前薄水泥饰面相关的易脆问题。
也需要制备一种水泥质饰面,其易形成轻质的可传输面板以适于建筑应用。
发明概要
提供了一种胶合层压板组合物,和应用所述组合物的方法。该胶合层压板组合物包括基底、施加到该基底上的底层(底子层)、该底层包括聚乙烯醇催化剂、波特兰(Portland)水泥、和沙的混合物;和施加到底层上的饰面层,该饰面层包括硫酸镁、Fillite、氧化镁、石膏水泥、和聚乙烯醇催化剂的混合物。在底层和饰面层中的聚乙烯醇催化剂包括溶于水中并与碳酸亚丁酯相混合的聚乙烯醇纤维混合物。将底层施加到基底上以提供将饰面层粘结到基底上的粘结表面。通过包括喷雾和人工涂覆的方式将饰面层施加到基底和底层。可在凝固之前或之后对饰面层进行装饰性地处理。该胶合层压板组合物可以包括用于形成底层和饰面层的物质的套件形式提供。该饰面组合物可形成用于建筑用途的层压地砖或板。
根据附图和随后的详细说明,本发明的其它目的、特征和优势将显而易见。
附图简要说明
本发明通过实施例阐述而且并不局限于附图,其中同样的附图标记表示相似的元件,并且其中:
附图1是根据现有技术的未覆盖的基底表面的透视图;
附图2是覆盖了用于根据本发明一个实施方案的水泥质层压板的底层的基底表面透视图;
附图3是运用于根据本发明一个实施方案的底层和基底的装饰性水泥质饰面层的透视图;
附图4是根据本发明第一替换实施方案的装饰性水泥质饰面层压板的透视图;和
附图5是根据本发明第二替换实施方案的装饰性水泥质饰面层压板的透视图。
优选实施方案说明
本发明的实施方案提供一种水泥质的砖石状饰面表面,其经济、轻质、高度耐用并且多功能。该水泥质饰面可易于以多种色彩和纹理而提供。此外,也可对其成形、模制、磨砂和/或抛光从而获得许多所需的外观。
本发明的实施方案也提供了对天然砖石的外观、手感和耐用性的准确模拟。本发明的水泥质饰面具有足够的强度来抵抗切削、挖凿和脆裂,而又足够轻从而勿需额外的支撑即可覆盖所需物体。此外,在此所述的水泥质饰面以有利的抗热和防水特性为特征,使其适于多种不同的建筑和成品用途。
在一个优选实施方案中,在此所述的水泥质层压板材料包括覆盖了粘结剂或底层的基底层,在其上施加了水泥质饰面层。该基底提供了用于水泥质饰面的牢固支撑结构,且该粘结层有助于将水泥质饰面层粘结于基底。该水泥质饰面层包括以天然砖石材料的外观为特征的水泥质层压板材料外层。
基底层
可使用该水泥质饰面来覆盖任意合适的底面,在其上需要砖石状成品。底部支撑面包括基底,其作为放置第一(底层)和第二(水泥质饰面)层的基座建材,并且通常可以是任意形状,例如平坦的或弯曲的。对于最佳结果而言,该基底应当是刚性的非可吸入材料。附图2阐述了第一层20施于其上的基底层10。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,基底10包括蜂窝结构纸板,例如Pactiv Corporation制备的HexacombTM。其提供了所需的亮度、弹性、强度、和易安装特性。取决于蜂窝结构尺寸,该基底的强度等级可从8psi(磅/平方英寸)至60psi。也可将其它纤维板用作该基底,包括水泥纤维板,例如U.S.Architectural Products.Inc制备的PlycemTM和Hardi Corporation制备的HardiTM Backboard。
其它合适的基底材料包括金属、砖石、纤维玻璃、石膏混凝土、梅森奈特纤维板(Masonite)、塑料、陶瓷、水泥纤维板、其它类型的纤维板、和其它常用建材。木材也可用作基底,且优选具有令人满意的非可吸入特性的不可弯曲的硬木。
粘结剂/底层涂料覆盖层
如附图2所示,将第一基层20施加到底下的基底表面10。为施加该层,底下的基底表面应当清洁并且干燥。为提供最佳粘结表面,应当通过蚀刻或磨砂制备该底下的基底表面。该领域熟练人员已知的任何这种粘结表面制备方法均可在此使用。
该第一基层20是粘结层,也称之为“底层”或“底子灰”,其作为底涂层帮助将最终的水泥质饰面层粘结于基底。在本发明的一个实施方案中,该底层包括聚乙烯醇(PVA)催化剂、波特兰水泥、和树脂涂覆的砂的混合物。通过分别混合(基于体积)1.5%-3.6%的波特兰水泥、68%-75%的树脂涂覆的砂、和29%-30%的以16∶1的比率与碳酸亚丁酯混合的聚乙烯醇聚合物。聚乙烯醇聚合物是通过将一定数量的聚乙烯醇纤维以1份PVA纤维∶16份水的大概比率溶于水中制备而得。当与碳酸亚丁酯混合时,该聚乙烯醇聚合物则制备出了聚乙烯醇催化剂(PVA催化剂)。
如下提供了一个示例性的配方,其提供了粘结覆盖层中这些成分的相对百分比说明:
8盎司的以16∶1与碳酸亚丁酯混合的聚乙烯醇聚合物,其中该PVA聚合物通过将30-40克PVA纤维溶于16-20盎司的蒸馏水中而得
0.40-0.80盎司波特兰水泥(例如LehighTM波特兰水泥#1和#2)
15-20盎司树脂涂覆的砂(例如BordenTM壳工艺(shell process)树脂涂覆的砂)
底层的成分混合到一起并通过任何合适的实施方式如刷、铲或喷将其施加到基底表面。取决于处理量大小,凝固时间通常为室温下3-5小时。在控制的热环境中可减少到1-2小时。
粘结层中的PVA聚合物成分可源自溶于沸水,优选蒸馏水中的复原聚乙烯醇纤维,以约16∶1的比例。聚乙烯醇(PVA)是重新研磨的纤维或废弃纤维,其通常作为某种医疗用品如可弃医用袍和医院床单的生产中的副产品制备而得。因此,它是一种廉价材料并且符合用作回收材料的需要。聚乙烯醇再研磨纤维,例如由United Cotton制备的Orex的ISOLYSER产品生产线中发现的那些即是聚乙烯醇纤维合适的来源例子。可替换地,AIRVOL 125聚乙烯醇也可以与该回收PVA纤维的相似浓度而使用。
通过混合溶解的PVA纤维(PVA聚合物)与Jeffsol碳酸亚丁酯(Huntsman Corp.制备)的混合物(以16份PVA聚合物∶1份碳酸亚丁酯比例)而制备出PVA催化剂。其用来加强PVA催化剂的分子键。制备PVA催化剂的样品尺寸的示例性方法如下:煮沸16盎司的蒸馏水,将40克聚乙烯醇纤维添加至沸水以制备PVA聚合物,使PVA聚合物冷却而后将10-15毫升碳酸亚丁酯添加至混合物。为获得最佳结果,该PVA纤维应当在冷却并添加碳酸亚丁酯之前完全或几乎完全溶解于水中。
在一个可替换的实施方案中,碳酸丙烯酯也可全部或部分地使用以取代Jeffsol碳酸亚丁酯。在这种情况下,该碳酸丙烯酯的比例需要超过碳酸亚丁酯额定数量的约25%。
如上提供的配方所示,底层也包括约2%-3%(体积)的少量波特兰水泥。波特兰水泥降低该硬化的粘结覆盖层的光滑度。波特兰水泥和沙石的结合产生了混凝土(但是在这种没有大量水泥的情况下)从而提供了粗糙或多砂表面。
树脂涂覆的砂表示添加到底层/粘结剂层的聚集体。当与PVA催化剂一起使用时,树脂涂覆的砂易于抵抗吸收催化剂。其它聚集体如珍珠岩、浮石、蠕虫状和人造火山灰、和fillite飞灰也可代替或与树脂涂覆的砂结合使用。根据本发明使用的聚集体示例如下:粗糙和细密的相对惰性材料(但也可以是相当均匀的尺寸)的混合物。其它可用的聚集体包括砂石、砾石、硅石、玻璃、碎石如大理石、花岗石、长石、玄武石、石英等等。然而,在优选的实施方案中,使用树脂涂覆的砂或其它展示了防水和/或油特性的聚集体,例如石英。
为改善水泥质饰面板的热分散性,粘结层也可灌注如铝的水合物(其是耐火水泥)之类的填充物。铝的水合物与树脂涂覆的砂混合以产生展示了显著的热分散特性的粘结层。该树脂涂覆的砂也可与其它材料混合,如珍珠岩、蛭石、农用或常规浮石、或微纤维碳化纤维(如ThermalgraphTM DXDX)。这些材料也有助于热分散性。若将这些任选的材料任一用于粘结层,则沙量通常减少相应数量。其有助于减少层压板材料的重量。若使用珍珠岩,其将首先被浸入聚乙烯聚合物组合物,干燥且然后在添加到粘结层混合物之前使其成为粒状。这将降低其将PVA催化剂吸出混合物的趋势。
在本发明一个可替换的实施方案中,粘结剂层可用Primus形成,其是可商购自Dryvit Systems,Inc.的材料。制造商所述的Primus包含54-62%沙、26-28%水和9.9-10.2%丙烯酸乳胶聚合物/粘结剂。
附图2是覆盖了根据本发明的底层的基底表面10的透视图。将用于形成底层20的组合物混合到一起以形成液体。可通过包括喷雾或人工涂覆(例如使用刷或铲)施加该液体。混合物的粘性取决于聚乙烯醇催化剂和聚集体(如树脂涂覆的砂)浓度。因此可调节该粘性以使表面处理最优化。例如,若需要通过喷雾处理,则制备相对低粘度的混合物。可制备更加粘稠的混合物用于人工涂覆。
在凝固和硬化之前将底层混合物施加到底下的基底材料表面上。然后使该混合物凝固直到坚硬。施加混合物的数量足以形成具有约1/16英寸-约1/2英寸之间厚度(或任何其它所需厚度)的层。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,该底层可包括纤维,例如嵌入层中的碳化纤维。其增加了基底的抗火和抗热性(取决于底层厚度和所添加的纤维材料数量)。也增加了基底强度。对于改进的抗冲击特性而言,可以纤维或网孔形式将如PVA、纤维B、或纤维玻璃材料添加至粘结层。
一旦干燥之后,该底层为主要由石膏水泥组成的第二层(水泥质饰面层)提供了良好的粘结表面。
水泥质饰面层
如附图3所示,将水泥质饰面层30施加到粘结层,以形成水泥质层压板材料。该饰面层给轻质基底提供了混凝土或矿石表面的外观和质感。在本发明的一个实施方案中,该水泥质饰面层30包括了硫酸镁、氧化镁、填充物(如Fillite)、石膏水泥、和聚乙烯醇催化剂以及其它成分的混合物。水泥质饰面层的两个基本成分是含氧硫酸镁组合物和水泥质组合物。以下说明中将提供对这两种成分的每一种的更加详细的说明。
含氧硫酸镁组合物通过混合以下物质制备:基于体积而言,0.04%-0.08%六偏磷酸钠、0.06%-0.17%浓度为75%-85%的磷酸、47%-54%硫酸镁、30%-35%氧化镁、1.3%-1.4%蒸馏水、和8%-11%填充物(如Fillite)。
如下提供了示例性的配方,其阐述了含氧硫酸镁组合物中这些成分的相对百分比:
0.20-0.30盎司的六偏磷酸钠(聚偏磷酸钠)
5毫升-15毫升的浓度为75%-85%的磷酸
10盎司-13盎司以细粉形式的硫酸镁(例如Epsom盐)
3.7盎司-4盎司的蒸馏水
8盎司-10盎司氧化镁
3盎司-5盎司填充物
该六偏磷酸钠是一种将硫酸镁粘结至氧化镁的螯合剂。优选向其中添加3.7盎司的蒸馏水并在低速下混合5-10分钟。磷酸用作将六偏磷酸钠溶解并均匀分散到全部混合物中。
如上所示,添加约8%-11%(体积)的填充物至含氧硫酸镁混合物。Trelleborg Fillite Inc制备的Fillite500TM是用作填料的优选成分。对于上述示例性混合物而言,其相应约为4.0盎司的Fillite。Fillite是一种作为聚集体并增加饰面的强度和抗水性的惰性中空硅酸盐球体、或粒状飞灰。添加Fillite也容易改善含氧硫酸镁混合物的流动和模塑特性。将Fillite添加至该混合物直到其水合,且将10-13盎司的硫酸镁加入该水合Fillite。对于该混合物而言,添加约10盎司的氧化镁以产生最终含氧硫酸镁组合物。
至于氧化镁MagoxTM,如Hills Brothers Chemical制备的那些,是用于含氧硫酸镁组合物的合适成分。标准等级的Magox是适合的,其是83WTG等级。当与这种盐混合时,该混合物呈现液体分层一致性(liquid clastic consistency)。该混合物缓慢混合达数小时,由于相对长的凝固时间,这种情况是可能的。
对以上含氧硫酸镁组合物第一混合物添加第二混合物,称之为“水泥质组合物”。该水泥质组合物通过混合下列物质而制备:以体积计,1.2%-1.9%Fillite、77%-85%石膏水泥、13.5%-14%蒸馏水、和1.25%-2.5%的PVA催化剂(通过混合16∶1的聚乙烯醇和碳酸亚丁酯制备)。如下提供了示例性的配方,其阐述了第二混合物中这些成分的相对百分比:
0.25盎司的Fillite500,用0.5盎司蒸馏水预先水合
X
1.8盎司的蒸馏水
5毫升PVA催化剂,其中该PVA催化剂组成如下:在16盎司蒸馏水中煮沸的40g聚乙烯醇纤维,冷却,然后与30毫升碳酸亚丁酯混合。
水泥质组合物是以防水特性为特征的聚合物层。该第一和第二混合物以下列重量比例混合:两份第一混合物(含氧硫酸镁组合物):3.25份第二混合物(水泥质组合物)。即,以体积计,该含氧硫酸镁组合物应当构成该组合物的61.5%。实际上,含氧硫酸镁组合物的比例可以是37%-69%,但是发现61.5%是最佳比例。该两种混合物在低速下混合5-7分钟以产生构成水泥质饰面层混合物的准液体组合物。该水泥质饰面层30可通过例如刷或铲等常规技术施加到粘结层20。
由于氧化镁是天然防火的,因此在第一混合物中的含氧硫酸镁给水泥质饰面赋予了防火特性。相似地,当与第二混合物中的Fillite结合时,HydrostoneSuper X的防水天然特性给水泥质饰面赋予了有用的防水特性。PVA催化剂也有助于防水。
可添加颜料如氧化物粉末或糊状物以给水泥质饰面层30的混合物赋予所需色彩。在此任何与该领域熟练人员已知的水泥/石膏兼容的颜料均可使用。
在干燥期间,可通过包括以模板作浮雕、挤压、印花、或雕刻的方式对水泥质饰面层表面进行装饰性处理。
在水泥质饰面层凝固之后,通常即已完工,但若需要的话,可通过例如水磨或干磨技术抛光而进一步润饰。该水泥质饰面可覆盖于自身可被切割的材料。水泥质饰面层可与底部材料一起切割。在此情况下,该饰面层通常并未切削或挂擦,且若需要的话任何粗糙边缘均可容易地抛光。
如上所述,该底层可包括纤维,例如嵌入该层中的碳化纤维以增强基底的防火和抗热性以及抗冲击性和强度。相似地,可将纤维加入水泥质层30。在本发明的一个实施方案中,加入该层的纤维由制备出的Zoltek1/2”短切纤维B.P.Amoco’s Thermalgraph CKDX组成。也可使用磨碎纤维例如Panex 33MF0200或Thermalgraph DKDX。也可使用聚乙烯醇纤维,如由Kuraray Co.制备的那些,并且当用作混凝土混合物时是有利的,且RF350×12mm是优选的Kuraray纤维。
在本发明一个替换实施方案中,用于水泥质饰面层的蒸馏水可用通过美国专利No.5711950中所述或美国专利No.6033678中所述方法制备的微团簇水替代。发现使用这种水可更彻底地混合并改善水泥质饰面层中成分之间的吸收。根据经验,发现使用微团簇水将凝固的水泥质饰面层的硬度增加了100%。既然金属表面能够副作用于微团簇水分子的晶体结构,当用于水泥质饰面层中时,应在混合微团簇水的时候采用塑料或陶瓷混合刀或碗。
附图4阐述了本发明的一个实施方案,其中将纤维嵌入水泥质饰面层40。该层表面可抛光从而光滑,或不对其抛光而暴露嵌入纤维的粒状图案,如附图4所示。在凝固之前,可通过铸造、浮雕、或其它相似方法制备饰面层40表面来模拟几乎任意表面。附图5阐述了一种实施方案,其中纤维嵌入粘结层50和水泥质饰面层40。该纤维可以是碳化纤维或纤维B、玻璃纤维、或相似类型的纤维。对于如上所述的百分比数量,所用纤维量处于3-7克的水平。
作为纤维的替代,可将其它强化材料如大麻纤维加入底层和水泥质饰面层中的一层或两层。例如,可来自Kenex Corp.的工业大麻纤维是合适的大麻纤维类型。为改善强化材料的矿化度,可将大麻纤维浸入石灰溶液,如熟石灰和水或乙醇。其用于钙化该大麻纤维并改善水泥质饰面的纹理和均一性。
除了主要配方以外,其它填充物和/或物质也可在水泥质饰面配方中以可变的百分数加入或代替,从而改进硬度、防水和防火性。例如,氢氧化铝是一种增加并加强水泥质组合物水硬性胶凝材料的聚集体并且不受高温影响。聚集体从本质上增加了增加了多孔性(porability),氢氧化铝也是如此。硼酸是一种弱酸,当其与石膏以及聚乙烯醇混合时产生更强的化合物。铝钾是一种盐,其作为加速剂、硬化剂和防火助剂。当这些一起使用时,它们倾向于彼此抵消从而提供了无需太快或者太慢的干燥时间的优点。用于上述水泥质饰面配方的推荐用量是:0.20-1.00盎司的氢氧化铝、0.5-0.20盎司的硼酸、和0.5-20盎司的铝钾。某种矿石聚集体,特别是石英,展示了有利的防水和防油性质、以及装饰特性,其用于水泥质饰面层是有利的。
应当理解的是在此所提供的实施方案和实施例用于阐述本发明。可预见该领域熟练人员能够对此处提供的实施方案和实施例作出本发明范围和精神之内的改变。
例如,尽管上述实施方案和实施例包括第一(底层/粘结)层和第二(水泥质饰面)层,但也可根据本发明应用两层以上。上述基础混合物的额外层可彼此堆叠。相似地,额外的装饰层可彼此堆叠。当然,基础层和装饰层可以交替方式彼此堆叠。
根据本发明实施方案的水泥质层压板组合物可以套件形式提供,其包括需要形成底层和水泥质饰面层的物质。可对该物质预混合,或由用户提供用于混合。该套件也可包括用于混合并储存底层和水泥质饰面混合物的容器,以及将该层施加到基底表面的工具,例如铲子。
通常,可通过用粘结层覆盖基底并且随后施加模型内的水泥质饰面层而形成面板或瓷砖。可用有织纹的或成形材料填充模型从而给水泥质饰面板赋予装饰性表面或功能性特征。例如,粗糙纹理模型可提供粗糙或锯齿状表面,其有助于瓷砖的紧握或牵引。相似地,若需要光滑成品,则用例如光亮的精制羊皮纸这样的材料填充模型。在凝固步骤中将水泥质饰面层与精制羊皮纸接触将给面板赋予光滑度。取决于所用基底类型,也可将水泥质层压板制成相似于片状岩石制备中的片状板。
在前描述了一种用于制备水泥质饰面和层压板的方法。尽管本发明参照特定示例性的实施方案进行描述,但是显然可对这些实施方案做出多种修饰和变化,而不会背离本发明权利要求所述的较宽广的精神和范围。因此,说明书和附图应当视为阐述性的而非限制性的理解。
Claims (34)
1、一种用于构造水泥质层压板的组合物,该组合物包括:
一种包括硬质材料的基底;
一种施加到该基底上的底层,该底层包括聚乙烯醇催化剂、波特兰水泥、和沙的混合物;和
一种施加到底层上的饰面层,该饰面层包括硫酸镁、填充物、氧化镁、石膏水泥、和聚乙烯醇催化剂的混合物。
2、权利要求1的组合物,其中该基底选自硬纸板、木材、金属、砖石、纤维玻璃、石膏板、塑料、纤维板、水泥纤维板、和陶瓷。
3、权利要求1的组合物,其中该底层包括:以体积计,1.5%-3.6%的波特兰水泥、68%-75%的树脂涂覆的砂、和29%-30%的以16∶1的体积比率与碳酸亚丁酯混合的聚乙烯醇聚合物,各组分之和等于100%体积。
4、权利要求3的组合物,其中该混合了碳酸亚丁酯的聚乙烯醇聚合物制备如下:将聚乙烯醇纤维溶于沸腾蒸馏水中以形成聚乙烯醇混合物,并以16份聚乙烯醇混合物∶1份碳酸亚丁酯的体积比例将聚乙烯醇混合物与碳酸亚丁酯混合。
5、权利要求1的组合物,其中该饰面层包括第一混合物,其主要组成如下:基于体积而言,0.04%-0.08%的六偏磷酸钠、0.06%-0.17%浓度为75%-85%的磷酸、40%-46%的硫酸镁、30%-35%的氧化镁、1.3%-1.4%蒸馏水、和2.5%-3.25%的粒状飞灰;和主要包括石膏水泥的第二混合物。
6、权利要求5的组合物,其中该第二混合物包括:以体积计,1.2%-1.9%的粒状飞灰、77%-85%的石膏水泥、13.5%-14%的蒸馏水、和1.25%-2.5%的16∶1的聚乙烯聚合物和碳酸亚丁酯的混合物,各组分之和等于100%体积。
7、权利要求6的组合物,其中聚乙烯醇聚合物和碳酸亚丁酯的混合物制备如下:将聚乙烯醇纤维溶于沸腾蒸馏水中以形成聚乙烯醇混合物,并以16份聚乙烯醇混合物∶1份碳酸亚丁酯的体积比例将聚乙烯醇混合物与碳酸亚丁酯混合。
8、权利要求7的组合物,其中第一混合物和第二混合物以1份第一混合物∶1.5份第二混合物的比例结合。
9、权利要求6的组合物,其中饰面层进一步包括嵌入纤维以增加水泥质层压板的强度特性。
10、权利要求6的组合物,其中饰面层进一步包括颜料或染色以改善该水泥质层压板的外观特征。
11、权利要求6的组合物,其中饰面层在干燥之前经装饰性地处理。
12、权利要求4的组合物,其中将底层混合物施加到基底上以形成饰面层的粘结层,该底层具有1/16英寸-1/2英寸的厚度。
13、一种构造水泥质层压板的方法,包括步骤:
提供一种包括硬质材料的基底,其中该基底选自硬纸板、木材、金属、砖石、纤维玻璃、石膏板、塑料、纤维板、水泥纤维板、和陶瓷;
将底层施加到基底表面,该底层包括聚乙烯醇催化剂、波特兰水泥、和沙的混合物;和
将饰面层施加到底层,该饰面层包括硫酸镁、填充物、氧化镁、石膏水泥、和聚乙烯醇催化剂的混合物。
14、权利要求13的方法,进一步包括将下列物质混合以形成底层湿润组合物:以体积计,1.5%-3.6%的波特兰水泥、68%-75%的树脂涂覆的砂、和29%-30%的以16∶1的体积比率与碳酸亚丁酯混合的聚乙烯醇聚合物,各组分之和等于100%体积,其中该混合了碳酸亚丁酯的聚乙烯醇聚合物制备如下:将聚乙烯醇纤维溶于沸腾蒸馏水中以形成聚乙烯醇混合物,并以16份聚乙烯醇混合物∶1份碳酸亚丁酯的体积比例将聚乙烯醇混合物与碳酸亚丁酯混合。
15、权利要求14的方法,进一步包括混合第一混合物和第二混合物的步骤,其中第一混合物主要组成如下:基于体积而言,0.04%-0.08%六偏磷酸钠、0.06%-0.17%浓度为75%-85%的磷酸、40%-46%硫酸镁、30%-35%氧化镁、1.3%-1.4%蒸馏水、和2.5%-3.25%的粒状飞灰;第二混合物主要包括石膏水泥。
16、权利要求15的方法,其中第二混合物通过混合下列物质而制备:以体积计,1.2%-1.9%的粒状飞灰、77%-85%的石膏水泥、13.5%-14%的蒸馏水、和1.25%-2.5%的16∶1的聚乙烯聚合物和碳酸亚丁酯的混合物,备组分之和等于100%体积,其中聚乙烯聚合物和碳酸亚丁酯的混合物制备如下:将聚乙烯醇纤维溶于沸腾蒸馏水中以形成聚乙烯醇混合物,并以16份聚乙烯醇混合物∶1份碳酸亚丁酯的体积比例将聚乙烯醇混合物与碳酸亚丁酯混合。
17、权利要求16的方法,进一步包括将第一混合物和第二混合物以1份第一混合物∶1.5份第二混合物的比例结合的步骤。
18、权利要求16的方法,进一步包括将纤维嵌入饰面层以增加水泥质层压板的强度特性的步骤。
19、权利要求16的方法,进一步包括将颜料加入饰面层以改善水泥质层压板的外观特征的步骤。
20、权利要求16的方法,进一步包括在干燥之前装饰性地处理饰面层的步骤。
21、权利要求13的方法,进一步包括步骤:
将底层施加到基底上以形成1/16英寸和1/2英寸厚的粘结覆盖物;
使得粘结覆盖物至少部分地凝固;
在粘结覆盖物的至少部分凝固之后将饰面层施加到粘结覆盖物;和
使水泥质层压板形成瓷砖。
22、一种水泥质层压板,包括:
一种包括硬质材料的基底,该基底选自硬纸板、木材、金属、砖石、纤维玻璃、石膏板、塑料、纤维板、水泥纤维板、和陶瓷;
一种施加到该基底上的底层,该底层包括聚乙烯醇催化剂、波特兰水泥、和沙的混合物;和
一种施加到底层上的饰面层,该饰面层包括硫酸镁、填充物、氧化镁、石膏水泥、和聚乙烯醇催化剂的混合物。
23、权利要求22的水泥质层压板,其中底层包括:以体积计,1.5%-3.6%的波特兰水泥、68%-75%的树脂涂覆的砂、和29%-30%的以16∶1的体积比率与碳酸亚丁酯混合的聚乙烯醇聚合物,各组分之和等于100%体积,其中该混合了碳酸亚丁酯的聚乙烯醇聚合物制备如下:将聚乙烯醇纤维溶于沸腾蒸馏水中以形成聚乙烯醇混合物,并以16份聚乙烯醇混合物∶1份碳酸亚丁酯的体积比例将聚乙烯醇混合物与碳酸亚丁酯混合从而产生聚乙烯醇催化剂。
24、权利要求23的水泥质层压板,其中该饰面层包括第一混合物,其主要组成如下:基于体积而言,0.04%-0.08%的六偏磷酸钠、0.06%-0.17%浓度为75%-85%的磷酸、40%-46%的硫酸镁、30%-35%的氧化镁、1.3%-1.4%的蒸馏水、和2.5%-3.25%的粒状飞灰,各组分之和等于100%体积;和第二混合物:以体积计,1.2%-1.9%的粒状飞灰、77%-85%的石膏水泥、13.5%-14%的蒸馏水、和1.25%-2.5%的16∶1的聚乙烯聚合物和碳酸亚丁酯的混合物,各组分之和等于100%体积。
25、权利要求24的水泥质层压板,其中聚乙烯醇催化剂混合物制备如下:将聚乙烯醇纤维溶于沸腾蒸馏水中以形成聚乙烯醇混合物,并以16份聚乙烯醇混合物∶1份碳酸亚丁酯的体积比例将聚乙烯醇混合物与碳酸亚丁酯混合。
26、权利要求25的水泥质层压板,其中第一混合物和第二混合物以1份第一混合物∶1.5份第二混合物的比例结合。
27、权利要求22的水泥质层压板,其中该饰面层进一步包括下列物质中的至少一种:为增加水泥质层压板强度特性的嵌入纤维,和改善水泥质层压板外观特征的颜料。
28、一种水泥质饰面,包括:
一种含氧硫酸镁化合物,包括:硫酸镁、氧化镁、六偏磷酸钠、磷酸、和水;和
一种水泥质组合物,其与含氧硫酸镁化合物混合形成水泥质饰面混合物,该水泥质组合物包括:石膏水泥、填充物、水、和聚乙烯醇聚合物混合物。
29、权利要求28的水泥质饰面,其中聚乙烯醇聚合物混合物包括于沸腾蒸馏水中的聚乙烯醇纤维以及碳酸亚丁酯。
30、权利要求29的水泥质饰面,其中该水是蒸馏水。
31、权利要求29的水泥质饰面,其中该水是微团簇水。
32、权利要求29的水泥质饰面,其中该含氧硫酸镁化合物占水泥质饰面混合物的60%。
33、权利要求28的水泥质饰面,其中该含氧硫酸镁化合物组成如下:基于体积而言,0.04%-0.08%的六偏磷酸钠、0.06%-0.17%浓度为75%-85%的磷酸、40%-46%的硫酸镁、30%-35%的氧化镁、1.3%-1.4%的蒸馏水、和2.5%-3.25%的粒状飞灰,且水泥质组合物组成为:以体积计,1.2%-1.9%的粒状飞灰、77%-85%的石膏水泥、13.5%-14%的蒸馏水、和1.25%-2.5%的16∶1的聚乙烯聚合物和碳酸亚丁酯的混合物,各组分之和等于100%体积。
34、一种水泥质饰面,包括:混合了含氧硫酸镁化合物以形成水泥质饰面混合物的的水泥质组合物,该含氧硫酸镁化合物组成如下:基于体积而言,0.04%-0.08%的六偏磷酸钠、0.06%-0.17%浓度为75%-85%的磷酸、40%-46%的硫酸镁、30%-35%的氧化镁、1.3%-1.4%的蒸馏水、和2.5%-3.25%的粒状飞灰,且该水泥质组合物主要包含粒状飞灰。
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- 2003-12-24 JP JP2004565745A patent/JP4413784B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-24 WO PCT/US2003/041382 patent/WO2004061253A2/en active Application Filing
- 2003-12-24 CN CNB2003801100204A patent/CN100445497C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-24 AU AU2003299974A patent/AU2003299974B2/en not_active Expired
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20040126602A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 |
CN1756879A (zh) | 2006-04-05 |
CA2511825C (en) | 2011-08-02 |
AU2003299974B2 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
WO2004061253A3 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
EP1579090A2 (en) | 2005-09-28 |
US6913819B2 (en) | 2005-07-05 |
EP1579090A4 (en) | 2010-04-21 |
WO2004061253A2 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
US20050210790A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
JP2006513058A (ja) | 2006-04-20 |
CA2511825A1 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
US20080257222A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
AU2003299974A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
US7740700B2 (en) | 2010-06-22 |
JP4413784B2 (ja) | 2010-02-10 |
US7407545B2 (en) | 2008-08-05 |
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