CN100436321C - 一种烧碱制备方法 - Google Patents
一种烧碱制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100436321C CN100436321C CNB200610135335XA CN200610135335A CN100436321C CN 100436321 C CN100436321 C CN 100436321C CN B200610135335X A CNB200610135335X A CN B200610135335XA CN 200610135335 A CN200610135335 A CN 200610135335A CN 100436321 C CN100436321 C CN 100436321C
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- ammonia
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- sodium hydroxide
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009615 deamination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006481 deamination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018661 Ni(OH) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 19
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- NBFQLHGCEMEQFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N.[Ni] Chemical compound N.[Ni] NBFQLHGCEMEQFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910021508 nickel(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- HWSZZLVAJGOAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pb]Cl HWSZZLVAJGOAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydrosulfide Chemical compound [Na+].[SH-] HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Abstract
一种烧碱制备方法，涉及一种钠、钾或一般碱金属的氧化物或氢氧化物，尤其是涉及一种采用氨镍法制备烧碱的工艺。提供一种设备要求较低，生产规模不限，能耗小，制得的目标产物其含氯离子可控制在0.1%以内的低氯烧碱制备方法。将原盐溶解，在除钙和镁后的饱和盐水中加入氢氧化镍吸氨至饱和，再进行复分解反应、过滤、分离出烧碱氨水溶液和Ni(NH3)6Cl2；将烧碱氨水溶液经蒸馏浓缩脱氨，再次过滤即得烧碱产品；将Ni(NH3)6Cl2和石灰乳混合，用蒸汽加热蒸氨，将蒸出的氨回收到吸氨工序，蒸氨后的液固混合物过滤出Ni(OH)2回收，滤液CaCl2溶液经蒸发浓缩得CaCl2产品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种钠、钾或一般碱金属的氧化物或氢氧化物，尤其是涉及一种采用氨镍法制备烧碱的工艺。
背景技术
烧碱是一种重要的化工原料，现有的工业上基本采用电解法制备烧碱，其工艺比较成熟，但设备要求高，能耗大，同时产生氯碱平衡的问题。
中国工程物理研究院材料研究所在公开号为CN1055345的发明专利申请中提供一种制取烧碱的工艺方法，以硫氢化钠，或者以硫化钠水解生成的硫氢化钠，与某些金属氧化物在常温常压的水溶液中反应生成氢氧化钠(烧碱)和金属硫化物沉淀的工艺方法。
张智新在公开号为CN1038440的发明专利申请中提供一种非电解直接把食盐水转化为液体烧碱的方法，由一氧化铅与食盐水起反应，经分离制得液体烧碱与氯化铅，氯化铅经化学反应再制成一氧化铅，一氧化铅又可使食盐水转化为液体烧碱。重复上述过程，可以把食盐水制成液体烧碱。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有的采用电解法制烧碱工艺所存在的诸多问题，提供一种设备要求较低，生产规模不限，能耗小，制得的目标产物其含氯离子可控制在0.1％以内的低氯烧碱制备方法。
本发明的技术方案是以NaCl、石灰为原料，以氨和镍为媒体制备烧碱和副产物CaCl2。
本发明包括以下步骤：
1)将原盐(NaCl)溶解，在除钙和镁后的饱和盐水中加入氢氧化镍(Ni(OH)2)吸氨至饱和，再进行复分解反应、过滤、分离出烧碱氨水溶液和Ni(NH3)6Cl2；
2)将烧碱氨水溶液经蒸馏浓缩脱氨，再次过滤即得烧碱产品；
3)将Ni(NH3)6Cl2和石灰乳混合，用蒸汽加热蒸氨，将蒸出的氨回收到步骤1中的吸氨工序，蒸氨后的液固混合物过滤出Ni(OH)2，回收到步骤1工序，滤液CaCl2溶液经蒸发浓缩得CaCl2产品。
按质量比，NaCl∶Ni(OH)2＝100∶78，Ni(NH3)6Cl2∶石灰乳(折算成Ca(OH)2)＝100∶33。
本发明的基本原理是：本发明利用Ni(NH3)6Cl2难溶于浓氨水的特性，以氨水为介质，以镍(II)为媒体，进行氯碱分离，从而达到制烧碱的目的。其化学反应式为：
Ni(OH)2+6NH3+2NaCl＝2NaOH+Ni(NH3)6Cl2↓
其中氨和镍循环利用，理论上在工艺过程中损耗很小。
本发明解决了现有的氨碱法制纯碱中所存在的问题，设备简单，能耗少，可单独生产烧碱，对氨碱平衡有很好地补充作用。
具体实施方式
以下实施例将对本发明作进一步的说明。
将原盐(NaCl)10kg溶解，在除钙和镁后的饱和盐水中加入氢氧化镍(Ni(OH)2)7.8kg吸氨至饱和，再进行复分解反应、过滤、分离出烧碱氨水溶液和Ni(NH3)6Cl2。将烧碱氨水溶液经蒸馏浓缩脱氨，再次过滤即得烧碱产品。将Ni(NH3)6Cl2和石灰乳混合，用蒸汽加热蒸氨，将蒸出的氨回收到上述吸氨工序，蒸氨后的液固混合物过滤出Ni(OH)2，回收到上道工序，滤液CaCl2溶液经蒸发浓缩得CaCl2产品，石灰乳的加入量为Ni(NH3)6Cl2总质量的33％。
Claims (2)
1.一种烧碱制备方法，其特征在于其化学反应式为：
Ni(OH)2+6NH3+2NaCl＝2NaOH+Ni(NH3)6Cl2↓
其步骤为：
1)将NaCl溶解，在除钙和镁后的饱和盐水中加入Ni(OH)2，吸氨至饱和，再进行复分解反应、过滤、分离出烧碱氨水溶液和Ni(NH3)6Cl2；
2)将烧碱氨水溶液经蒸馏浓缩脱氨，再次过滤即得烧碱产品；
按质量比NaCl∶Ni(OH)2＝100∶78。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种烧碱制备方法，其特征在于将Ni(NH3)6Cl2和石灰乳混合，用蒸汽加热蒸氨，将蒸出的氨回收到步骤1中的吸氨工序，蒸氨后的液固混合物过滤出Ni(OH)2，回收到步骤1工序，滤液CaCl2溶液经蒸发浓缩得CaCl2产品，按质量比Ni(NH3)6Cl2∶石灰乳(折算成Ca(OH)2)＝100∶33。
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| CNB200610135335XA CN100436321C (zh) | 2006-12-15 | 2006-12-15 | 一种烧碱制备方法 |
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| CNB200610135335XA CN100436321C (zh) | 2006-12-15 | 2006-12-15 | 一种烧碱制备方法 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1974386A CN1974386A (zh) | 2007-06-06 |
| CN100436321C true CN100436321C (zh) | 2008-11-26 |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1038440A (zh) * | 1988-06-16 | 1990-01-03 | 张智新 | 氯化钠转化法制取烧碱 |
| CN1055345A (zh) * | 1991-04-20 | 1991-10-16 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | 烧碱制取的工艺方法 |
-
2006
- 2006-12-15 CN CNB200610135335XA patent/CN100436321C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1038440A (zh) * | 1988-06-16 | 1990-01-03 | 张智新 | 氯化钠转化法制取烧碱 |
| CN1055345A (zh) * | 1991-04-20 | 1991-10-16 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | 烧碱制取的工艺方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN1974386A (zh) | 2007-06-06 |
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