CN100431402C - Cultivation of brown crab-flavor mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for culturing a brown crab-taste mushroom includes such steps as proportionally mixing wooden bits, corn cob powder, rice husk, bran, corn flour and water, stirring, loading the mixture in bottles, closing bottle cap, sterilizing, vacuumizing at least two times, heating to 118-121 deg.C by steam, holding the temp for 45-65 min, cooling to 20-22 deg.C, inoculating, culturing for 80-85 days, treating and culturing for 20-22 days.

Description

The cultivation method of brown crab-flavor mushroom

Technical field:

The present invention proposes hypsizygus marmoreus, the industrial production method of formal name used at school Hypsizygus marmoreus (Hypsizygus marmoreus), be commonly called as brown crab-flavor mushroom because of mushroom lid mushroom handle is lark, specifically a kind of brown crab-flavor mushroom comprises required raw material, prescription, bottling, sterilization, inoculation, the whole commercial process of cultivation.

Prior art:

Brown crab-flavor mushroom is one of kind during the beautiful gill fungus of edible mushroom belongs to, and is wood decay basidiomycetes during beautiful gill fungus belongs to, and is the edible fungus culturing new varieties, and existing domestic can only the cultivation on a small quantity can not be carried out industrialized cultivation and production.

And domestic a small amount of cultivation at present all adopts bag to plant, after raw material mix to stir by hand or semi-automatic bottling machine the mixed material plastic sack of packing into, put neck ring, tampon or sponge cover beyond the Great Wall, enter the autoclave sterilization, normal-pressure sterilization or autoclaving are adopted in sterilization, and normal-pressure sterilization kept 6-8 hour for 100 ℃, autoclaving is warming up to 121 ℃ (1.5 atmospheric pressure), kept 2 hours, and naturally cooled to normal temperature after sterilization is finished, in transfer room or inoculating hood, insert the hypsizygus marmoreus bacterial classification, putting into cultivation room or booth cultivates at normal temperature or air-conditioned room, mycelia sends out and continues to be cultured to after full ripe, removes tampon, neck ring is in booth or indoor growing, fruiting under natural temperature, divide the 3-4 tide to gather,, also exist the cultivation cycle long as every bag of output of plastic sack of adopting 850cc 100-120 gram only, the quality instability, the deficiency that yields poorly.

Summary of the invention:

The object of the present invention is to provide the cultivation method of brown crab-flavor mushroom, it can be cultivated on a large scale by industrializing facility, and the stable yield of product, and every bottle per unit area yield is higher.

To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is: the cultivation method of brown crab-flavor mushroom, it is characterized in that: be the wood chip of 20-30% with percentage by weight, the maize cob meal of 30-40%, the rice bran of 25-30%, the wheat bran of 10-15%, the corn flour of 3-8% is as cultivating raw material, pour into and mix 30-45 minute in the agitator, keep the skin wet then, make the water content of cultivating in the raw material reach 64-66%, delivering to bottling machine with transport tape bottles, use the automatic capping machine gland then, again the bottle behind the gland is placed in the autoclave and sterilize, at least vacuumize 2 times, feed steam and heat, heat, be incubated again to 118-121 degree Celsius, temperature retention time is 45-65 minute, then the bottle that vacuumizes sterilization is inserted cooling chamber and is cooled to 20-22 degree Celsius; Inoculate with inoculation device, every bottle of original seed connects cultivated species 32-40 bottle again, delivers to culturing room with transport tape then and cultivates, the temperature of culturing room is set at the 22-24 degree, humidity is 70-80%, and gas concentration lwevel is lower than 4000ppm, incubation time 80-85 days, carry out the mycelium stimulation processing then, the bottle basket behind the mycelium stimulation is placed on the bedstead of planting and cultivating the chamber, the temperature of cultivating chamber is set at the 14-16 degree again, and humidity is 90-95%, gas concentration lwevel is 1000-2000ppm, begins to gather through 20-22 days.

The present invention cultivates on a large scale by industrializing facility, can control the whole commercial process of composition of raw materials, stirring, bottling, sterilization, inoculation, cultivation and cultivation, satisfy the cultivation and the cultivation condition of brown crab-flavor mushroom, cultivated 80-85 days, cultivate and to gather in 20-22 days, the stable yield of product, output is higher, and every bottle of per unit area yield of the plastic bottle of same 850cc can reach the 140-160 gram.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of one embodiment of the invention

Embodiment:

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is further described.

The present invention is the cultivation method of brown crab-flavor mushroom, it is different from prior art and is: be the wood chip of 20-30% with percentage by weight, the corncob of 30-40%, the rice bran of 25-30%, the wheat bran of 10-15%, the corn flour of 3-8% is as cultivating raw material, pour into and mix 30-45 minute in the agitator, keep the skin wet then, make the water content of cultivating in the raw material reach 64-66%, delivering to bottling machine with transport tape bottles, use the automatic capping machine gland then, again the bottle behind the gland is placed in the autoclave and sterilize, at least vacuumize 2 times, feeding steam heats, heat to 118-121 degree Celsius, be incubated, temperature retention time is 45-65 minute, place sterilization to sterilize in being provided with in the bottle behind the gland in the enforcement, vacuumize 3 times; Then the bottle that vacuumizes sterilization is inserted cooling chamber and be cooled to 20-22 degree Celsius; Inoculate with inoculation device again, every bottle of original seed connects cultivated species 32-40 bottle, delivering to culturing room with transport tape then cultivates, the temperature of culturing room is set at the 22-24 degree, humidity is 70-80%, gas concentration lwevel is lower than 4000ppm, incubation time 80-85 days, carry out the mycelium stimulation processing then, mycelium stimulation is treated to the bacterium material surface of adopting cutter head will plant bottle and scratches into the steamed bun shape, the bottle basket behind the mycelium stimulation is placed on the bedstead of cultivating chamber, the temperature of cultivating chamber is set at the 14-16 degree again, and humidity is 90-95%, gas concentration lwevel is 1000-2000ppm, process began to gather in 20-22 days, and 20-22 days preceding 1-7 days illumination intensity are 50-100Lux, and illumination intensity was 200-500Lux in back 8-22 days; Wood chip is the Manchurian ash wood chip in the enforcement, sieve and remove foreign material and bulky grain, the granularity of using is the 8-20 order, pour in the agitator, and then pour the rice bran of 25-30% into, the wheat bran of 10-15%, the corn flour of 3-8% fully mixes them, wood chip can be handled by composting during enforcement, oxious component and some resin compositions of hindering mycelial growth in the wood chip are dissolved and remove, simultaneously by the softening degradation of microorganism to wood chip, help mycelial growth, rice bran, wheat bran, corn flour requires fresh, no any going mouldy, insect pest, the quality of nutrition is very big to the mycelial growth influence, the high temperature period long preservation is become sour, rotten rice bran causes the increase of peroxide and VB1 to reduce easily, the pH value descends, bacterium speed and cultivated species quality are sent out in influence, wood chip is poured in the agitator earlier during enforcement, pour other nutrition again into, mixed 10-15 minute, raw material is fully mixed, keep the skin wet then, water content reaches 64-66%, stirred again 20-30 minute, and fully behind the imbibition, be delivered to the bottling machine bottling with conveyer belt; Use fully automatic bottle filling machine to bottle continuously, bottle uses resistant to elevated temperatures 850cc plastic bottle, both be fit to machine operation, cracky not again, bacterial classification inserts and adopts resistant to elevated temperatures plastic bottle, whole bottling process must be in 2 hours complete operation, the overlong time of avoiding bottling causes the raw material souring, and the pH value descends, and volume is 850 milliliters the interior dress of a plastic bottle wet feed 560-580 gram, require charging degree of packing unanimity, the shoulder tight is made a call to the hole of a 10-20 mm dia in the middle of the bottle, at the bottom of getting to bottle always, can improve mycelial growth rate and send out the bacterium regularity, adopt automatic capping machine to buckle bottle cap then; Use the full-automatic high-pressure autoclave, bottle subject to sterilization neatly is emitted on the vehicle of sterilization, and vehicle of sterilization pushed high-pressure sterilizing pot, shut the autoclave door, start the operation button, autoclave is set at vacuumize degassing 3 times, feed steam and heat, heat to 118-121 degree Celsius, vacuum outgas once and be incubated again, temperature retention time is 45-65 minute, be 2-4 hour the running time of sterilization, after sterilization finishes, opens the door of tossing about of autoclave, push cooling chamber and cool off being equipped with the vehicle of sterilization that vacuumizes sterilization bottle then, the cooling chamber temperature is set in 18-22 degree Celsius; Chilled bottle is delivered to transfer room, clean by automatic vaccination machine for the transfer room requirement of inoculation, the new wind that enters transfer room is handled by high efficiency particulate air filter, reach 1000 grades cleanliness factor, bacterial classification should pass through processor processing, remove the old bacterial classification in surface and bottleneck is carried out disinfection, the alcolhol burner flame disinfection is adopted in sterilization, be placed on after the processing on the carriage of automatic vaccination machine, bottle to be inoculated is delivered to the inoculation device inlet by conveyer belt, start the inoculation power supply, inoculation device can be opened bottle cap automatically, bacterial classification inserts in the bottle automatically, and cover bottle cap, deliver to outdoor from the outlet of inoculation device then, the bottle that the present embodiment bacterial classification inserts adopts resistant to elevated temperatures plastic bottle, volume is 850 milliliters the interior dress of a plastic bottle 615-645 gram, postvaccinal seed bottle adopts dolly to deliver to culturing room, the temperature of culturing room is set at 20-22 degree Celsius, humidity is 75-80%, gas concentration lwevel is controlled between the 2500-3500ppm, temperature is by the refrigeration of air-conditioning system, heat regulation, humidity is regulated by ultrasonic humidifier, carry out the mycelium stimulation processing after cultivating maturation, mycelium stimulation neatly is placed in bottle on the cultivation bedstead of cultivating chamber after handling, and cover nonwoven, the temperature of cultivating chamber is set at 13-14 degree Celsius, humidity is 95-98%, gas concentration lwevel is controlled at 1500ppm and regulates by the time relay of ventilating fan with carbon dioxide, has stable temperature in the holding chamber, humidity, gas concentration lwevel, the assurance original seed is grown under optimal conditions, began to gather through 20-22 days, the packing of gathering is adopted the mushroom car seed bottle is pushed into the district that gathers from culturing room, use is gathered and is put into basket after air gun is gathered, about every bottle of output 140 grams, require when gathering to handle with care, reduce the mushroom lid and drop, cut off the cultivation raw material of root, be placed in the packing box.

The invention process illustrates

Raw material is handled: Manchurian ash wood crumb truck is transported to raw material composting field, adds water-water reactor system, and 2.5 meters of composting height fully ferment wood chip, and is not too high because of composting again, causes anaerobic fermentation, and pH descends.Behind the composting 1 month, carry out turning, fully turn over evenly up and down, and keep the skin wet, composting sieved after 1 month again, removed foreign material and bulky grain, measured moisture after 65～70%, can be used for producing, and corncob is broken at least 6 purpose maize cob meals;

Raw material mixes: wood chip, maize cob meal shift to an earlier date 1-2 hour and prewet, according to prescription, the corn flour of wheat bran, 3-8% that with percentage by weight is rice bran, the 10-15% of maize cob meal, the 25-30% of wood chip, the 30-40% of 20-30% is as cultivating raw material, pour into and mix 30-45 minute in the agitator, keep the skin wet then, agitator mixed 15 minutes, make the abundant mixing of wood chip and nutriment, after the abundant imbibition of raw material, measure moisture with infrared moisture meter, moisture is 64～66%, and adopting quicklime to regulate pH value again is that 6-8 just can be used for bottling;

Automatic bottling gland: mix the raw material that stirs is delivered to bottling machine by conveyer belt charging aperture, the empty bottle basket of cleaning is placed on a basket input port, start bottling machine, finish automatic bottling, require bottling evenly, elasticity is moderate, the shoulder tight, use dress wet feed 560-580 gram in 850 cubic centimetres the plastic bottle, make a call to the hole of a 10-20 mm dia in the middle of the bottle, at the bottom of getting to bottle always, be delivered to automatic capping machine again, finish automatic gland;

Autoclaving: the bottle frame of bottling, adding a cover, fitly be placed on the vehicle of sterilization, push in the high-pressure sterilizing pot, close the autoclave door, autoclave is set and is vacuumized 2-3 time, and 119-123 ℃ kept 50-62 minute, the vacuum of lowering the temperature is again taken off vapour once, 110-130 minute, sterilization finished, whole service 170-190 minute;

Cooling: after sterilization finishes, open the refrigeration machine and the air exhausting device of cooling chamber, vehicle of sterilization is pulled in the cooling chamber by the actuating doors of tossing about, and the temperature of cooling chamber is set 20-22 ℃;

Automatic vaccination: the bottle that is cooled to below 20-22 ℃ is inoculated by automatic vaccination machine, inoculation device is placed in the transfer room, inoculate preceding 1 hour, open laminar flow hood and new blower fan group, reach 1000 grades cleanliness factor in the holding chamber, the inoculation operating personnel change the inoculation spe-cial-purpose uniform by surge chamber, and by Airshower chamber human body surface are carried out purified treatment, enter the transfer room operation then, before the inoculation earlier the parts of contact kind of bacterium with 75% alcohol disinfecting, kind of bacterium cuts out the mycoderma on surface on kind of bacterium pretreating machine, be placed on then on the carriage of inoculation device, and an other people is carried to the bottle frame of sterilization cooling on the conveyer belt of inoculation device inlet, start inoculation device, automatically remove lid, inoculation is added a cover, every bottle of original seed connects cultivated species 30-32 bottle, after having inoculated, be delivered to outside the transfer room, finish the inoculation operation from the conveyer belt that exports;

Cultivate: a bottle frame outer transfer room is placed in the go-cart, is transported to culturing room, the neat stacking, and culturing room's temperature is set at 22～23 ℃, humidity 75-80%, gas concentration lwevel 2500～3500ppm, incubation time 80-90 days, at the bottom of mycelia can be dealt into bottle;

Mycelium stimulation and cultivation: carry out the mycelium stimulation processing after cultivating maturation, mycelium stimulation is handled blake bottle neatly is placed on the cultivation bedstead of cultivating chamber, and cover nonwoven, the temperature of cultivating chamber is set at 15-16 degree Celsius, and humidity is 95-98%, and gas concentration lwevel is controlled at below the 1500ppm, carbonic acid gas is regulated by the time relay of ventilating fan, have stable temperature, humidity, gas concentration lwevel in the holding chamber, guarantee under optimal conditions, to grow, began to gather through 20-22 days;

The packing of gathering: adopt the mushroom car blake bottle is pushed into the district that gathers from cultivating chamber, using gathers puts into basket after air gun is gathered, about every bottle of output 150 grams, require when gathering to handle with care, reduce the mushroom lid and drop, cut off the cultivation raw material of root, be placed in the packing box, after adopting the preservative film packing, labelled, pack into carton or Box of foamed plastics, perhaps 1000 gram plastic packaging bags are packed, go into freezer after packaging immediately, temperature of ice house is 3～5 ℃.

Dig bottle: the bottle after gathering is put into basket and in time is transported to and digs bottle district, and composts or fertilisers of cultivating is excavated, and the empty bottle basket is transported to the bottling district and cleans stand-byly, and waste material is transported to and is used to produce fertilizer outside the factory.

Claims (4)

1, the cultivation method of brown crab-flavor mushroom, it is characterized in that: be the wood chip of 20-30% with percentage by weight, the maize cob meal of 30-40%, the rice bran of 25-30%, the wheat bran of 10-15%, the corn flour of 3-8% is as cultivating raw material, pour into and mix 30-45 minute in the agitator, keep the skin wet then, make the water content of cultivating in the raw material reach 64-66%, delivering to bottling machine with transport tape bottles, use the automatic capping machine gland then, again the bottle behind the gland is placed in the autoclave and sterilize, at least vacuumize 2 times, feeding steam heats, heat to 118-121 degree Celsius, be incubated, temperature retention time is 45-65 minute again, then the bottle that vacuumizes sterilization is inserted cooling chamber and is cooled to 20-22 degree Celsius; Inoculate with inoculation device, every bottle of original seed connects cultivated species 32-40 bottle again, delivers to culturing room with transport tape then and cultivates, the temperature of culturing room is set at the 22-24 degree, humidity is 70-80%, and gas concentration lwevel is lower than 4000ppm, incubation time 80-85 days, carry out the mycelium stimulation processing then, the blake bottle behind the mycelium stimulation is placed on the bedstead of cultivating chamber, the temperature of cultivating chamber is set at the 14-16 degree again, and humidity is 90-95%, gas concentration lwevel is 1000-2000ppm, begins to gather through 20-22 days.

2, by the cultivation method of the described brown crab-flavor mushroom of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the bottle behind the gland is placed in the autoclave sterilize, vacuumize 3 times; Mycelium stimulation is treated to the bacterium material surface of adopting cutter head will plant bottle and scratches into the steamed bun shape.

3, by the cultivation method of the described brown crab-flavor mushroom of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the bottle that bacterial classification inserts adopts resistant to elevated temperatures plastic bottle, and volume is 850 cubic centimetres the interior dress of a plastic bottle 140-160 gram.

4, by the cultivation method of the described brown crab-flavor mushroom of claim 1, it is characterized in that: 20-22 days preceding 1-7 days illumination intensity are 50-100Lux, and illumination intensity was 200-500Lux in back 8-22 days.

Images