CN100429474C - Chrome nickel steel or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer - Google Patents
Chrome nickel steel or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer Download PDFInfo
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- CN100429474C CN100429474C CNB2004101004773A CN200410100477A CN100429474C CN 100429474 C CN100429474 C CN 100429474C CN B2004101004773 A CNB2004101004773 A CN B2004101004773A CN 200410100477 A CN200410100477 A CN 200410100477A CN 100429474 C CN100429474 C CN 100429474C
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- nickel steel
- high temperature
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- temperature
- displacement transducer
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the technical field of displacement and deformation measurement in the civil engineering experience, and the present invention is applied to the high-temperature displacement and deformation measurement of structural members under the condition of simulated fire. The present invention is characterized in that high temperature resistant chrome nickel steel or nickel steel and ceramic materials with low thermal conductivity coefficient and low thermal expansion coefficient are used as the probe extension section of a high temperature displacement transducer and connected by a connecting element and a probe of the displacement transducer. The total length of the probe extension section is the minimum value desired for the temperature is reduced to the room temperature of the other end from high temperature under the condition that one end of the extension section contacts a high-temperature displacement part to be measured, and the length of the extension section during the actual measurement can not be less than the minimum value. The present invention has the advantages that displacement and deformation can be directly measured under the condition of more than 1000 DEG C of high temperature environment at any time, the displacement transducer body and the extension section, which have flexible connection mode, can be conveniently dismounted, stored and carried, and the present invention can be widely used for outdoor environment or construction sites with relatively vile working condition.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to displacement and deformation measurement technical field in the civil engineering work test, be applied in the high temperature displacement and deformation measurement of building structural element under the simulated fire situation, relate to high temperature resistant, low thermal conductivity, the alloy material of low heat expansion coefficient and the method that stupalith carries out heat insulation and heat control used.
Background technology
At present, high temperature displacement and directly at any time the measuring of distortion of building structure under the simulated fire situation is one of key issue of a puzzlement structural elements and material at high temperature performance study and evaluation always.High temperature displacement and deformation measurement in some structural elements high-temperature behavior tests of domestic existing have generally all adopted the indirect method of measurement, being about to the member displacement under the hot environment and distortion in trial furnace extends in the room temperature environment outside the trial furnace by certain method, at room temperature record displacement to be measured and deformation values then, but this indirect method of measurement is difficult to realize and cost is very high to large-scale component.And in many situations of actual engineering and scientific experimentation, need carry out directly measuring at any time of hot environment bottom offset and distortion with displacement transducer contact measured position.
Yet, domestic and international existing displacement transducer mainly is linear differential pressure swing type displacement transducer (Linear Variable Displacement Transducers-LVDT) at present, its working temperature is generally all between-30 ℃ to+60 ℃, its maximum operating temperature is no more than+and 150 ℃, far below desired working temperature in fire and the hot test.Therefore, present existing LVDT displacement transducer can't satisfy and carries out directly Testing requirement at any time of displacement and distortion under the hot environment in the time of 1000 ℃.
Though quartz glass high temperature displacement transducer can carry out directly measuring at any time of displacement and distortion under the hot environment of simulated fire, but because the material of quartz glass bar is more crisp, destruction easily fractures in measuring process, therefore be more suitable for using, use and be less compliant in the abominable working-yard of environment in testing laboratory.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention just provides a kind of testing laboratory that both can be used for, be suitable for again using in condition of work more abominable outdoor environment or working-yard, and durable, easy to operate, assemble high temperature displacement transducer flexibly, solution is not suitable for carrying out displacement and the direct problem of measuring at any time of distortion under hot environment owing to common displacement transducer working temperature is low, reach and under high temperature environment such as fire, can carry out displacement and the direct purpose of measuring at any time of distortion, its maximum service temperature depends on the thermal behavior of selected material, but all can be higher than 1000 ℃.
That technical scheme of the present invention is to use is high temperature resistant, the heat-resisting allay material of low thermal conductivity, low heat expansion coefficient such as chrome-nickel steel silk or nickel steel wire be as the probe extension of LVDT, and at heat insulation cap of refractory ceramics that plays main heat insulation and heat control effect of extension top contact high temperature position installation, it is constructed as shown in Figure 1.Because the probe diameter of LVDT is generally 5mm, be that the alloy-steel wire of 5mm is attached thereto and connects so the extension material also should be selected diameter.When extension one end in contact high temperature displacement detected part, through the cooling of extension, the temperature of LVDT sound end (D end) can be reduced to room temperature, guarantee that promptly the temperature at LVDT probe place is within the normal working temperature scope of LVDT.The main thermal behavior parameter of chrome-nickel steel and nickel steel is as shown in table 1.
The main thermal behavior parameter of table 1 chrome-nickel steel and nickel steel
The stupalith of high temperature resistant and low thermal conductivity, low heat expansion coefficient has multiple, and as aluminium oxide ceramics, silicon dioxide (quartz) pottery, zirconia ceramics or the like, its thermal behavior is as shown in table 2.
The main thermal behavior parameter of several high temperature resistant, low heat conduction of table 2, low heat expansion pottery
| The stupalith title | Maximum service temperature (℃) | Coefficient of heat conductivity λ [W/ (mK)] | Average coefficient of thermal expansion (1/ ℃) | Density (g/cm 3) |
| Aluminium oxide ceramics | 1980 | 33.5 | 8.8×10 -6 | 3.98 |
| Silicon dioxide (quartz) pottery | 1400 | 1.40 | 5.5×10 -7 | 2.2 |
| Zirconia ceramics | 2300 | 2.93 | 1.0×10 -5 | 6.0 |
When displacement under carrying out hot environment and deformation measurement, the ceramic insulation cap at first contacts the high temperature detected part, because the coefficient of heat conductivity of stupalith is very low, the temperature damping of the overwhelming majority occurs in this part, so the temperature of alloy-steel wire section is lower, its heat expansion elongation is very little; Because the coefficient of thermal expansion of ceramic insulation cap is very little, the probe extension is because total measuring error that thermal expansion causes is very little, to not influence of measuring accuracy again.
Here be example with zirconia ceramics and silicon dioxide (quartz) pottery respectively, be elected to be the material of ceramic insulation cap.The ceramic insulation cap is specifically as shown in table 3 to the attenuation and the relation between its length of high temperature.Suppose when the ceramic insulation cap contacts 800 ℃ high temperature measuring point, long silicon dioxide (quartz) the ceramic insulation cap of zirconia ceramics that 30mm is long or 20mm just can cool the temperature near 200 ℃, pass through the further cooling of heat resisting alloy wire again, just the temperature at LVDT probe place can be reduced near the room temperature.Two kinds of heat resisting alloy wires are as shown in table 4 to the attenuation and the relation between its length of temperature.Therebetween, temperature distribution curve along its length (with T=800 ℃, heat insulation cap adopts SiO 2-ceramic, and it is example that extension adopts the chrome-nickel steel silk) as shown in Figure 2 on the extension.
Table 3a zirconia ceramics material is to the attenuation of high temperature and the corresponding relation between its length
Table 3b SiO 2-ceramic material is to the attenuation of high temperature and the corresponding relation between its length
Table 4 is with the minimum length of temperature by the required heat resisting alloy wire of the near room temperature of high temperature (T)
Length value in the last table is just reduced to the required minimum value of room temperature with temperature by high temperature; the physical length of extension can be equal to or greater than it and (decides on concrete measurement situation in high temperature displacement and the deformation measurement; such as: need sometimes the LVDT extension to be extend into test specimen inside or pass outside heat-barrier coating and carry out displacement and deformation measurement; then the physical length of extension just must be greater than this minimum value), but the physical length of extension equals still greater than this minimum length all to measurement result and not influence of precision.
The main body of this high temperature displacement transducer is connected by the better way method with extension, as shown in Figure 3.The available common iron of this connecting elements (Fig. 6) obtains (as Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5) through machining.Before high temperature displacement and deformation measurement, the probe of LVDT is inserted into an end of web member and fixes with screw, extension material (chrome-nickel steel silk or nickel steel wire) is inserted into the other end of web member and outer nut is tightened, again the heat insulation cap of refractory ceramics is installed in the top of extension, the main body and the extension of displacement transducer can be coupled together like this, carry out directly measuring at any time of hot environment bottom offset and distortion.The high temperature displacement transducer that assembles as shown in Figure 7.
Effect of the present invention and benefit are:
1, can under hot environment, carry out directly measuring at any time of displacement and distortion;
2, the maximum operating temperature in Displacement Measurement and when distortion can be above 1000 ℃;
3, displacement and deformation measurement precision height have the very high linearity (be better than ± 0.05%) and resolution, and the measuring accuracy when not having extension with LVDT is suitable;
4, the connected mode of displacement transducer main body and extension is flexible, dismounting, preservation and easy to carry;
5, chrome-nickel steel or nickel steel extension cracky not is suitable for using in condition of work more abominable outdoor environment or working-yard;
6, this chrome-nickel steel or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer can select the extension of different length to be connected with apparatus subject according to actual conditions neatly;
7, cost of the present invention is low, has remarkable economic efficiency and social benefit.
The present invention can be widely used in the testing laboratory or working-yard to various building structural elements displacement and the distortion under hot environment carry out directly at any time measurement.
Description of drawings
Among the figure: the 1LVDT main body; The 2LVDT probe; 3 chrome-nickel steel or nickel steel extension; The heat insulation cap of 4 refractory ceramicses; Extension is that DE section length overall is Xmm.
Accompanying drawing 2 is temperature scatter charts along its length on this high temperature displacement transducer extension.
Among the figure: horizontal ordinate L represents on the extension that apart from the distance of temperature end, unit is mm;
Ordinate T represents temperature, and unit is ℃.
Accompanying drawing 3 is method of attachment synoptic diagram of LVDT and extension.
Among the figure: the 2LVDT probe; 3 chrome-nickel steel or nickel steel extension; 5 fixed screws; 6 connecting elements; D1 represents the diameter of LVDT probe and extension.
Accompanying drawing 4 is connecting elements side schematic views.
Among the figure: d
1The diameter of expression LVDT probe and extension; d
2Expression web member external diameter; d
3Expression outer nut internal diameter; L
1, L
2, L
3, L
4Each segment length of expression web member.
Accompanying drawing 5 is connecting elements front schematic view.
Among the figure: 7 outer nuts; R
1Expression extension radius; R
2Expression outer nut inside radius; R
3Expression outer nut external radius.
Accompanying drawing 6 is connecting elements pictorial diagram.
Among the figure: 6 web members; 7 outer nuts.
Accompanying drawing 7 is the pictorial diagram after this chrome-nickel steel or the assembling of nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer.
Among the figure: 1LVDT; The 2LVDT probe; 3 chrome-nickel steel or nickel steel extension; The heat insulation cap of 4 refractory ceramicses; 5 fixed screws; 6 web members; 7 outer nuts.
Accompanying drawing 8 is that test specimen xsect and measuring point are arranged synoptic diagram.
Among the figure: 8 hot air temperature; 9 chimney test specimens; 10,11,12,13 chrome-nickel steel or the nickel steel high temperature displacement transducers that are respectively all directions four direction.
Accompanying drawing 9 is that test specimen longitudinal section and measuring point are arranged synoptic diagram.
Among the figure: 8 hot air temperature; 9 chimney test specimens; 10,12 difference chrome-nickel steel or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducers; 14 bases; 15 gas inlets; 16 test steelframes; H
1=1200mm; H
2=800mm; H
3=90mm.
Accompanying drawing 10 is temperature-displacement curve figure of actual measurement.
Among the figure: horizontal ordinate T represents the test specimen outside wall temperature, and unit is ℃;
Ordinate D represents the average outer wall distortion of test specimen, and unit is mm.
Embodiment
Describe specific embodiments of the invention in detail below in conjunction with technical scheme and accompanying drawing.
Embodiment:
This chrome-nickel steel or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer have obtained application in the experimental study of the national natural science fund subsidy project (50278013) that professor Ding Yining of structural research institute of Dalian University of Technology presides over.The cross-sectional displacement of test simulation chimney when being subjected to the high temperature load, the square tube type chimney test specimen that refractory brick is built into applies the high temperature load according to the temperature curve (comprising heat up section and temperature descending section) of Deutsche industry norm (DIN).Adopt this chrome-nickel steel invented or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer to measure the outer wall distortion (test deployment scenarios such as Fig. 8 and shown in Figure 9) of member in the test.
Because the probe diameter of employed LVDT is 5mm in the test, so alloy steel extension diameter also correspondingly is taken as 5mm.Corresponding with it web member each several part size is as follows respectively: d
1=5mm; d
2=10mm; d
3=8mm; L
1=20mm; L
2=3mm; L
3=2mm; L
4=15mm; R
1=2.5mm; R
2=4.0mm; R
3=6.0mm (Fig. 4 and Fig. 5).Certainly, if the probe diameter of LVDT is not 5mm, then the size of web member each several part also should be done suitable adjustment.
Before the test, the probe of LVDT is inserted into an end of web member and fixes with screw, extension (chrome-nickel steel silk or nickel steel wire) is inserted into the other end of web member and outer nut is tightened, the more heat insulation cap of refractory ceramics is installed in the top of extension, assembling finishes.The maximum temperature of member outer wall detected part is no more than 1000 ℃ in this test, can check in according to the front form, adopt the long chrome-nickel steel silk of long heat insulation cap of SiO 2-ceramic of long zirconia ceramics of 30mm or 20mm and 170mm to be combined into the probe extension, temperature can be reduced near 30 ℃ by 1000 ℃, guarantee that the working temperature at LVDT probe place is a room temperature.
The chrome-nickel steel or the nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer that assemble are fixed on the test steelframe of test specimen outside, ceramic insulation cap contact measured position, extension top, and the signal transmission wire and the data acquisition module of displacement transducer connected, to the initial displacement zero clearing, the preliminary work before measuring is ready in data acquisition system (DAS).
In the process of the test, according to heating curve test specimen is continued heating, the temperature of test specimen outer wall is also in continuous rising.Because there are the bigger temperature difference in thermal expansion and test specimen inside and outside wall, different distortion takes place in the interior outside of test specimen.Be fixed in the high temperature displacement transducer of four corners of the world four direction will be separately the shift value at measuring point place directly record at any time, and be reflected in the data acquisition system (DAS).
High temperature displacement measurement result in this test as shown in figure 10.Displacement when displacement growth when this chrome-nickel steel or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer have accurately been measured intensification and cooling recovers, and has satisfied the requirement of measuring accuracy, and has matched with result of calculation.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of chrome-nickel steel or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer, it is characterized in that the chrome-nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer selects the probe extension (3) of chrome-nickel steel silk as displacement transducer for use, the nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer is selected the probe extension (3) of nickel steel wire as displacement transducer for use, and, extension is connected with displacement sensor probe (2) with connecting elements (6), (7) at an extension top installation ceramic insulation cap (4).
2, according to a kind of chrome-nickel steel described in the claim 1 or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer, it is characterized in that under the different temperature difference, by calculating and select chrome-nickel steel or the length of nickel steel extension (3) and the length of ceramic insulation cap (4), make when ceramic insulation cap (4) contact high temperature displacement detected part, the temperature that displacement sensor probe (2) is located is within the operating temperature range of displacement transducer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004101004773A CN100429474C (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2004-12-23 | Chrome nickel steel or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004101004773A CN100429474C (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2004-12-23 | Chrome nickel steel or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1632504A CN1632504A (en) | 2005-06-29 |
| CN100429474C true CN100429474C (en) | 2008-10-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004101004773A Expired - Fee Related CN100429474C (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2004-12-23 | Chrome nickel steel or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106895867B (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2024-01-30 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Thermal protection structure of contact type displacement sensor under high-temperature environment |
| CN115876070A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-03-31 | 长安大学 | Monitoring and early warning device for bridge steel plate buckling deformation in fire and installation method |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN85101004A (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1986-08-27 | 中国科学院武汉岩体土力学研究所 | The high temperature resistant differential transformer displacement sensor of anti-steam |
| JPH09287907A (en) * | 1996-04-23 | 1997-11-04 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Three-dimensional displacement sensor |
| CN1519555A (en) * | 2003-09-02 | 2004-08-11 | 郑州大学 | Tester for measuiring bending stress and strain of refractory materials under high temperature |
-
2004
- 2004-12-23 CN CNB2004101004773A patent/CN100429474C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN85101004A (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1986-08-27 | 中国科学院武汉岩体土力学研究所 | The high temperature resistant differential transformer displacement sensor of anti-steam |
| JPH09287907A (en) * | 1996-04-23 | 1997-11-04 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Three-dimensional displacement sensor |
| CN1519555A (en) * | 2003-09-02 | 2004-08-11 | 郑州大学 | Tester for measuiring bending stress and strain of refractory materials under high temperature |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 测量高温机械参数的陶瓷传感器技术. J.Knapp，胡奇伟.压电与声光，第6期. 1991 |
| 测量高温机械参数的陶瓷传感器技术. J.Knapp，胡奇伟. 压电与声光，第6期. 1991 * |
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|---|---|
| CN1632504A (en) | 2005-06-29 |
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