CN1632504A - Chrome nickel steel or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer - Google Patents
Chrome nickel steel or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1632504A CN1632504A CN 200410100477 CN200410100477A CN1632504A CN 1632504 A CN1632504 A CN 1632504A CN 200410100477 CN200410100477 CN 200410100477 CN 200410100477 A CN200410100477 A CN 200410100477A CN 1632504 A CN1632504 A CN 1632504A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- nickel steel
- high temperature
- displacement
- extension
- chrome
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Landscapes
- A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to civil engineering test displacement and deformation measurement technique field and is applied in structure element fire analogue situation high temperature displacement and deformation measurement. It is characterized by selection of quartz glass bar with high temperature bearing ability, low heat-conductive parameter, low heat expansion parameters as the extending section of the displacement probe with the connection structure and displacement sensor probe connected together. The total length of the extending section ensures the minimum length to transmit the heat from one end to the other end when one end of the extending ends contacting the part to be measured. The real measurement extending length is no less than the minimum value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to displacement and deformation measurement technical field in the civil engineering work test, be applied in the high temperature displacement and deformation measurement of building structural element under the simulated fire situation, relate to high temperature resistant, low thermal conductivity, the alloy material of low heat expansion coefficient and the method that stupalith carries out heat insulation and heat control used.
Background technology
At present, high temperature displacement and directly at any time the measuring of distortion of building structure under the simulated fire situation is one of key issue of a puzzlement structural elements and material at high temperature performance study and evaluation always.High temperature displacement and deformation measurement in some structural elements high-temperature behavior tests of domestic existing have generally all adopted the indirect method of measurement, being about to the member displacement under the hot environment and distortion in trial furnace extends in the room temperature environment outside the trial furnace by certain method, at room temperature record displacement to be measured and deformation values then, but this indirect method of measurement is difficult to realize and cost is very high to large-scale component.And in many situations of actual engineering and scientific experimentation, need carry out directly measuring at any time of hot environment bottom offset and distortion with displacement transducer contact measured position.
Yet, domestic and international existing displacement transducer mainly is linear differential pressure swing type displacement transducer (Linear Variable Displacement Transducers-LVDT) at present, its working temperature is generally all between-30 ℃ to+60 ℃, its maximum operating temperature is no more than+and 150 ℃, far below desired working temperature in fire and the hot test.Therefore, present existing LVDT displacement transducer can't satisfy and carries out directly Testing requirement at any time of displacement and distortion under the hot environment in the time of 1000 ℃.
Though quartz glass high temperature displacement transducer can carry out directly measuring at any time of displacement and distortion under the hot environment of simulated fire, but because the material of quartz glass bar is more crisp, destruction easily fractures in measuring process, therefore be more suitable for using, use and be less compliant in the abominable working-yard of environment in testing laboratory.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention just provides a kind of testing laboratory that both can be used for, be suitable for again using in condition of work more abominable outdoor environment or working-yard, and durable, easy to operate, assemble high temperature displacement transducer flexibly, solution is not suitable for carrying out displacement and the direct problem of measuring at any time of distortion under hot environment owing to common displacement transducer working temperature is low, reach and under high temperature environment such as fire, can carry out displacement and the direct purpose of measuring at any time of distortion, its maximum service temperature depends on the thermal behavior of selected material, but all can be higher than 1000 ℃.
That technical scheme of the present invention is to use is high temperature resistant, the heat-resisting allay material of low thermal conductivity, low heat expansion coefficient such as chrome-nickel steel silk or nickel steel wire be as the probe extension of LVDT, and at heat insulation cap of refractory ceramics that plays main heat insulation and heat control effect of extension top contact high temperature position installation, it is constructed as shown in Figure 1.Because the probe diameter of LVDT is generally 5mm, be that the alloy-steel wire of 5mm is attached thereto and connects so the extension material also should be selected diameter.When extension one end in contact high temperature displacement detected part, through the cooling of extension, the temperature of LVDT sound end (D end) can be reduced to room temperature, guarantee that promptly the temperature at LVDT probe place is within its normal working temperature scope.The main thermal behavior parameter of chrome-nickel steel and nickel steel is as shown in table 1.
The main thermal behavior parameter of table 1 chrome-nickel steel and nickel steel
| Title material | Coefficient of heat conductivity λ [W/ (mK)] | Average coefficient of thermal expansion (1/ ℃) | |||||
| Temperature/℃ | |||||||
| ????20 | ????100 | ??200 | ??300 | ??400 | ??600 | ||
| Chrome-nickel steel (17-19Cr/9-13Ni) | ????14.7 | ????16.1 | ??17.5 | ??18.8 | ??20.2 | ??22.8 | ??13～15×10 -6 |
| Nickel steel (WNi ≈ 35%) | ????13.8 | ????15.4 | ??17.1 | ??18.6 | ??20.1 | ??23.1 | ??11×10 -6 |
The stupalith of high temperature resistant and low thermal conductivity, low heat expansion coefficient has multiple, and as aluminium oxide ceramics, silicon dioxide (quartz) pottery, zirconia ceramics or the like, its thermal behavior is as shown in table 2.
The main thermal behavior parameter of several high temperature resistant, low heat conduction of table 2, low heat expansion pottery
| The stupalith title | Maximum service temperature (℃) | Coefficient of heat conductivity λ [W/ (mK)] | Average coefficient of thermal expansion (1/ ℃) | Density (g/cm 3) |
| Aluminium oxide ceramics | ??1980 | ??33.5 | ??8.8×10 -6 | ??3.98 |
| Silicon dioxide (quartz) pottery | ??1400 | ??1.40 | ??5.5×10 -7 | ??2.2 |
| Zirconia ceramics | ??2300 | ??2.93 | ??1.0×10 -5 | ??6.0 |
When displacement under carrying out hot environment and deformation measurement, the ceramic insulation cap at first contacts the high temperature detected part, because the coefficient of heat conductivity of stupalith is very low, the temperature damping of the overwhelming majority occurs in this part, so the temperature of alloy-steel wire section is lower, its heat expansion elongation is very little; Because the coefficient of thermal expansion of ceramic insulation cap is very little, the probe extension is because total measuring error that thermal expansion causes is very little, to not influence of measuring accuracy again.
Here be example with zirconia ceramics and silicon dioxide (quartz) pottery respectively, be elected to be the material of ceramic insulation cap.The ceramic insulation cap is specifically as shown in table 3 to the attenuation and the relation between its length of high temperature.Suppose when the ceramic insulation cap contacts 800 ℃ high temperature measuring point, long silicon dioxide (quartz) the ceramic insulation cap of zirconia ceramics that 30mm is long or 20mm just can cool the temperature near 200 ℃, pass through the further cooling of heat resisting alloy wire again, just the temperature at LVDT probe place can be reduced near the room temperature.Two kinds of heat resisting alloy wires are as shown in table 4 to the attenuation and the relation between its length of temperature.Therebetween, temperature distribution curve along its length (with T=800 ℃, heat insulation cap adopts SiO 2-ceramic, and it is example that extension adopts the chrome-nickel steel silk) as shown in Figure 2 on the extension.
Table 3a zirconia ceramics material is to the attenuation of high temperature and the corresponding relation between its length
| Length (mm) | High temperature (℃) | |||||||||||||
| ?1300 | ?1200 | ?1100 | ?1000 | ?900 | ?800 | ?700 | ?600 | ?500 | ?400 | ?300 | ?200 | ?100 | ||
| Low temperature (℃) | ?300 | ?37.2 | ?35.4 | ?32.9 | ?26.8 | ?25.3 | ?23.6 | ?21.6 | ?19.2 | ?16.3 | ?12.0 | |||
| ?200 | ?43.7 | ?41.9 | ?39.4 | ?33.3 | ?31.9 | ?30.3 | ?28.5 | ?26.4 | ?23.8 | ?20.4 | ?15.2 | |||
| ?100 | ?55.8 | ?54.0 | ?51.5 | ?45.4 | ?44.0 | ?42.6 | ?41.1 | ?39.3 | ?37.0 | ?34.1 | ?30.0 | ?23.4 | ||
| ?30 | ?93.7 | ?91.9 | ?89.4 | ?83.3 | ?82.2 | ?81.3 | ?80.2 | ?79.1 | ?77.6 | ?75.7 | ?72.9 | ?69.2 | ?60.3 | |
Table 3b SiO 2-ceramic material is to the attenuation of high temperature and the corresponding relation between its length
| Length (mm) | High temperature (℃) | |||||||||||||
| ?1300 | ?1200 | ?1100 | ?1000 | ?900 | ?800 | ?700 | ?600 | ?500 | ?400 | ?300 | ?200 | ?100 | ||
| Low temperature (℃) | ?300 | ?21.0 | ?20.2 | ?19.4 | ?18.5 | ?17.7 | ?16.3 | ?14.9 | ?13.3 | ?11.2 | ?8.2 | |||
| ?200 | ?25.4 | ?24.6 | ?23.9 | ?23.0 | ?22.1 | ?21.0 | ?19.7 | ?18.3 | ?16.5 | ?14.1 | ?10.5 | |||
| ?100 | ?33.6 | ?32.9 | ?32.2 | ?31.4 | ?30.4 | ?29.4 | ?28.4 | ?27.1 | ?25.6 | ?23.6 | ?20.7 | ?16.2 | ||
| ?30 | ?64.8 | ?63.5 | ?61.8 | ?57.6 | ?56.8 | ?56.2 | ?55.5 | ?54.7 | ?53.7 | ?52.3 | ?50.4 | ?47.9 | ?41.7 | |
Table 4 is with the minimum length of temperature by the required heat resisting alloy wire of the near room temperature of high temperature (T)
| ?????????????????T(℃) | ????300 | ????200 | ????100 | |
| Extension minimum length (mm) | Chrome-nickel steel (17-19Cr/9-13Ni) | ????174.2 | ????162.3 | ????138.3 |
| Nickel steel (WNi ≈ 35%) | ????171.4 | ????159.0 | ????134.7 | |
Length value in the last table is just reduced to the required minimum value of room temperature with temperature by high temperature; the physical length of extension can be equal to or greater than it and (decides on concrete measurement situation in high temperature displacement and the deformation measurement; such as: need sometimes the LVDT extension to be extend into test specimen inside or pass outside heat-barrier coating and carry out displacement and deformation measurement; then the physical length of extension just must be greater than this minimum value), but the physical length of extension equals still greater than this minimum length all to measurement result and not influence of precision.
The main body of this high temperature displacement transducer is connected by the better way method with extension, as shown in Figure 3.The available common iron of this connecting elements (Fig. 6) obtains (as Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5) through machining.Before high temperature displacement and deformation measurement, the probe of LVDT is inserted into an end of web member and fixes with screw, extension material (chrome-nickel steel silk or nickel steel wire) is inserted into the other end of web member and outer nut is tightened, again the heat insulation cap of refractory ceramics is installed in the top of extension, the main body and the extension of displacement transducer can be coupled together like this, carry out directly measuring at any time of hot environment bottom offset and distortion.The high temperature displacement transducer that assembles as shown in Figure 7.
Effect of the present invention and benefit are:
1, can under hot environment, carry out directly measuring at any time of displacement and distortion;
2, the maximum operating temperature in Displacement Measurement and when distortion can be above 1000 ℃;
3, displacement and deformation measurement precision height have the very high linearity (be better than ± 0.05%) and resolution, and the measuring accuracy when not having extension with LVDT is suitable;
4, the connected mode of displacement transducer main body and extension is flexible, dismounting, preservation and easy to carry;
5, chrome-nickel steel or nickel steel extension cracky not is suitable for using in condition of work more abominable outdoor environment or working-yard;
6, this chrome-nickel steel or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer can select the extension of different length to be connected with apparatus subject according to actual conditions neatly;
7, cost of the present invention is low, has remarkable economic efficiency and social benefit.
The present invention can be widely used in the testing laboratory or working-yard to various building structural elements displacement and the distortion under hot environment carry out directly at any time measurement.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the organigram of this chrome-nickel steel or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer.
Among the figure: 1 LVDT main body; 2 LVDT probe; 3 chrome-nickel steel or nickel steel extension; The heat insulation cap of 4 refractory ceramicses; Extension is that DE section length overall is Xmm.
Accompanying drawing 2 is temperature scatter charts along its length on this high temperature displacement transducer extension.
Among the figure: horizontal ordinate L represents on the extension that apart from the distance of temperature end, unit is mm;
Ordinate T represents temperature, and unit is ℃.
Accompanying drawing 3 is method of attachment synoptic diagram of LVDT and extension.
Among the figure: 2 LVDT probe; 3 chrome-nickel steel or nickel steel extension; 5 fixed screws; 6 connecting elements; d
1The diameter of expression LVDT probe and extension.
Accompanying drawing 4 is connecting elements side schematic views.
Among the figure: d
1The diameter of expression LVDT probe and extension; d
2Expression web member external diameter; d
3Expression outer nut internal diameter; L
1, L
2, L
3, L
4Each segment length of expression web member.
Accompanying drawing 5 is connecting elements front schematic view.
Among the figure: 7 outer nuts; R
1Expression extension radius; R
2Expression outer nut inside radius; R
3Expression outer nut external radius.
Accompanying drawing 6 is connecting elements pictorial diagram.
Among the figure: 6 web members; 7 outer nuts.
Among the figure: 1 LVDT; 2 LVDT probe; 3 chrome-nickel steel or nickel steel extension; The heat insulation cap of 4 refractory ceramicses; 5 fixed screws; 6 web members; 7 outer nuts.
Accompanying drawing 8 is that test specimen xsect and measuring point are arranged synoptic diagram.
Among the figure: 8 hot air temperature; 9 chimney test specimens; 10,11,12,13 chrome-nickel steel or the nickel steel high temperature displacement transducers that are respectively all directions four direction.
Accompanying drawing 9 is that test specimen longitudinal section and measuring point are arranged synoptic diagram.
Among the figure: 8 hot air temperature; 9 chimney test specimens; 10,12 difference chrome-nickel steel or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducers; 14 bases; 15 gas inlets; 16 test steelframes; H
1=1200mm; H
2=800mm; H
3=90mm.
Accompanying drawing 10 is temperature-displacement curve figure of actual measurement.
Among the figure: horizontal ordinate T represents the test specimen outside wall temperature, and unit is ℃;
Ordinate D represents the average outer wall distortion of test specimen, and unit is mm.
Embodiment
Describe specific embodiments of the invention in detail below in conjunction with technical scheme and accompanying drawing.
Embodiment:
This chrome-nickel steel or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer have obtained application in the experimental study of the national natural science fund subsidy project (50278013) that professor Ding Yining of structural research institute of Dalian University of Technology presides over.The cross-sectional displacement of test simulation chimney when being subjected to the high temperature load, the square tube type chimney test specimen that refractory brick is built into applies the high temperature load according to the temperature curve (comprising heat up section and temperature descending section) of Deutsche industry norm (DIN).Adopt this chrome-nickel steel invented or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer to measure the outer wall distortion (test deployment scenarios such as Fig. 8 and shown in Figure 9) of member in the test.
Because the probe diameter of employed LVDT is 5mm in the test, so alloy steel extension diameter also correspondingly is taken as 5mm.Corresponding with it web member each several part size is as follows respectively: d
1=5mm; d
2=10mm; d
3=8mm; L
1=20mm; L
2=3mm; L
3=2mm L
4=15mm; R
1=2.5mm; R
2=4.0mm; R
3=6.0mm (Fig. 4 and Fig. 5).Certainly, if the probe diameter of LVDT is not 5mm, then the size of web member each several part also should be done suitable adjustment.
Before the test, the probe of LVDT is inserted into an end of web member and fixes with screw, extension (chrome-nickel steel silk or nickel steel wire) is inserted into the other end of web member and outer nut is tightened, the more heat insulation cap of refractory ceramics is installed in the top of extension, assembling finishes.The maximum temperature of member outer wall detected part is no more than 1000 ℃ in this test, can check in according to the front form, adopt the long chrome-nickel steel silk of long heat insulation cap of SiO 2-ceramic of long zirconia ceramics of 30mm or 20mm and 170mm to be combined into the probe extension, temperature can be reduced near 30 ℃ by 1000 ℃, guarantee that the working temperature at LVDT probe place is a room temperature.
The chrome-nickel steel or the nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer that assemble are fixed on the test steelframe of test specimen outside, ceramic insulation cap contact measured position, extension top, and the signal transmission wire and the data acquisition module of displacement transducer connected, to the initial displacement zero clearing, the preliminary work before measuring is ready in data acquisition system (DAS).
In the process of the test, according to heating curve test specimen is continued heating, the temperature of test specimen outer wall is also in continuous rising.Because there are the bigger temperature difference in thermal expansion and test specimen inside and outside wall, different distortion takes place in the interior outside of test specimen.Be fixed in the high temperature displacement transducer of four corners of the world four direction will be separately the shift value at measuring point place directly record at any time, and be reflected in the data acquisition system (DAS).
High temperature displacement measurement result in this test as shown in figure 10.Displacement when displacement growth when this chrome-nickel steel or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer have accurately been measured intensification and cooling recovers, and has satisfied the requirement of measuring accuracy, and has matched with result of calculation.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of chrome-nickel steel or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer, it is characterized in that selecting for use chrome-nickel steel silk or nickel steel wire probe extension (3) as this high temperature displacement transducer, and, extension is connected with displacement sensor probe (2) with connecting elements (6), (7) at an extension top installation ceramic insulation cap (4).
2, according to a kind of chrome-nickel steel described in the claim 1 or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer, it is characterized in that under the different temperature difference, by calculating and select chrome-nickel steel or the length of nickel steel extension (3) and the length of ceramic insulation cap (4), make when ceramic insulation cap (4) contact high temperature displacement detected part, the temperature that displacement sensor probe (2) is located is within its operating temperature range.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004101004773A CN100429474C (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2004-12-23 | Chrome nickel steel or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004101004773A CN100429474C (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2004-12-23 | Chrome nickel steel or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1632504A true CN1632504A (en) | 2005-06-29 |
| CN100429474C CN100429474C (en) | 2008-10-29 |
Family
ID=34848036
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004101004773A Expired - Fee Related CN100429474C (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2004-12-23 | Chrome nickel steel or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100429474C (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106895867A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-06-27 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | The thermal protection structure of tangent displacement sensor under a kind of hot environment |
| CN115876070A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-03-31 | 长安大学 | Monitoring and early warning device for bridge steel plate buckling deformation in fire and installation method |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN85101004B (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1987-10-07 | 中国科学院武汉岩体土力学研究所 | Differential transformer displacement sensor of anti-high temp. and steam risistant |
| JP3632793B2 (en) * | 1996-04-23 | 2005-03-23 | 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 | 3D displacement sensor |
| CN1217177C (en) * | 2003-09-02 | 2005-08-31 | 郑州大学 | Tester for measuiring bending stress and strain of refractory materials under high temperature |
-
2004
- 2004-12-23 CN CNB2004101004773A patent/CN100429474C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106895867A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-06-27 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | The thermal protection structure of tangent displacement sensor under a kind of hot environment |
| CN106895867B (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2024-01-30 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Thermal protection structure of contact type displacement sensor under high-temperature environment |
| CN115876070A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-03-31 | 长安大学 | Monitoring and early warning device for bridge steel plate buckling deformation in fire and installation method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100429474C (en) | 2008-10-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107709969B (en) | Method and instrument for testing residual stress of coating | |
| CN1877313A (en) | Method and apparatus for measuring solid interface contact heat exchange coefficient | |
| CN103308395B (en) | Ultrahigh-temperaturoutward outward extension type deformation measurement device | |
| Liao et al. | A tensile strength model for unidirectional fiber-reinforced brittle matrix composite | |
| CN1016100B (en) | Microbend fiber optic strain gauge | |
| CN1632504A (en) | Chrome nickel steel or nickel steel high temperature displacement transducer | |
| CN110030966A (en) | Monitor the device and method of axial, the angular deformation size and Orientation of FlexbleJoint | |
| CN1740790A (en) | Automatic measuring system for concrete temperature linear deformation | |
| Rudolphi et al. | Investigations for the validation of the defect based scale failure diagrams—part I: nickel oxide | |
| CN110954407B (en) | Method for testing concrete fracture process under different hydraulic pressure effects | |
| CN1217177C (en) | Tester for measuiring bending stress and strain of refractory materials under high temperature | |
| CN1632505A (en) | Quartz glass high temperature displacement transducer | |
| EP1347289A3 (en) | Heat transmission coefficient measuring apparatus | |
| CN115266818A (en) | Device for testing thermal conductivity of material in deep space low-temperature environment | |
| US11506045B2 (en) | Two-point polished rod load-sensing system | |
| Green Jr | The behavior of graphite under alternating stress | |
| CN101982766A (en) | Signal transmitting/receiving method and device of high temperature elastic modulus tester | |
| CN220688425U (en) | Corrugated pipe with high compression resistance | |
| CN202210048U (en) | Telescopic airflow sampler | |
| Gyekenyesi et al. | An evaluation of strain measuring devices for ceramic composites | |
| Vanwijgenhoven et al. | Influence of the laminate lay-up on the fatigue behaviour of SiC-fibre/BMAS-matrix composites | |
| Dauchier et al. | Properties of silicon carbide based ceramic-ceramic composites. | |
| Rodriguez-Cobo et al. | Pipe flow speed sensor based on fiber Bragg gratings | |
| CN200968883Y (en) | High-temperature liquid temperature continuous measurement apparatus | |
| CN201803989U (en) | Signal transmitting and receiving device of high temperature elastic modulus tester |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20081029 Termination date: 20151223 |
|
| EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |