CN110954407B - Method for testing concrete fracture process under different hydraulic pressure effects - Google Patents

Method for testing concrete fracture process under different hydraulic pressure effects Download PDF

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CN110954407B
CN110954407B CN201811120558.8A CN201811120558A CN110954407B CN 110954407 B CN110954407 B CN 110954407B CN 201811120558 A CN201811120558 A CN 201811120558A CN 110954407 B CN110954407 B CN 110954407B
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crack
test beam
load
fracture
concrete
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CN110954407A (en
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胡少伟
王洋
乔艳敏
黄逸群
喻江
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Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute of National Energy Administration Ministry of Transport Ministry of Water Resources
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • G01N3/12—Pressure testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G01N3/04—Chucks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
    • G01N3/066—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with electrical indicating or recording means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/20—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady bending forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0026—Combination of several types of applied forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
    • G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
    • G01N2203/0064—Initiation of crack
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
    • G01N2203/0423—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils using screws
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/0617—Electrical or magnetic indicating, recording or sensing means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/0658—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using acoustic or ultrasonic detectors

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for testing a concrete fracture process under different hydraulic pressure effects, and belongs to the technical field of physical measurement. The method comprises the following steps: 1) Wrapping a crack sealing adhesive tape at a crack prefabricated by the test beam, clamping the crack sealing adhesive tape by using a clamp, wherein a pressure measuring hole is arranged in a fracture process area of the test beam, and water pressure measuring devices are arranged at two ends of the pressure measuring hole; 2) The midpoint of the top surface of the crack sealing adhesive tape is used as a force application point, and a load is applied to the test beam by pre-applying water pressureFThe maximum load to be applied is measured by a load measuring deviceF max Crack initiation load is measured by a strain measurement deviceF ini The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 3) Opening displacement measuring brackets are respectively arranged at the bottom end and the tip end of the prefabricated crack, a clamp type extensometer is arranged on the displacement measuring brackets, and an acoustic emission detector is arranged on the test beam; 4) Calculating fracture toughness
Figure DEST_PATH_FDA0001873841400000011
And instability toughness
Figure DEST_PATH_FDA0001873841400000012
. The method meets the requirement that the concrete test beam fracture performance parameters are accurately tested by the three-point bending beam test under the coupling effect of the water pressure and the load in the crack.

Description

Method for testing concrete fracture process under different hydraulic pressure effects
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for testing a concrete fracture process under different hydraulic pressure effects, and belongs to the technical field of physical measurement.
Background
The three-point bending beam test method is one of the main methods for researching the concrete fracture performance at present, the fracture parameters (mainly including parameters such as fracture toughness, instability toughness, fracture energy and the like) of the concrete can be obtained by calculating only measuring the crack opening displacement and the additional load of the three-point bending beam in a test experiment, the operation of the experimental process is simple, and the acceptance of the test result is high. The method is already listed as a main method for testing the breaking performance of the concrete in the water conservancy industry code DL/T5332-2005 hydraulic concrete breaking test code.
However, the three-point bending beam test method proposed in the existing procedure DL/T5332-2005 hydraulic concrete fracture test procedure cannot test the fracture performance of concrete under the coupling effect of the water pressure and load in cracks in hydraulic structural engineering. The method comprises the following steps:
1. the concrete cracks in hydraulic construction engineering are often in a hydraulic environment, the cracks are subjected to the hydraulic splitting action, and the breaking performance of the cracks is also likely to be affected. The three-point bending beam test method specified in the hydraulic concrete fracture test procedure is only the fracture performance of the concrete beam under the laboratory condition or after being influenced by external factors, and the test result can not reflect the concrete fracture performance under the joint coupling action of water pressure and load.
2. The hydraulic concrete structure is in a hydraulic environment for a long time in service, the influence rule of the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic concrete structure on the concrete fracture performance of the hydraulic concrete structure and the mechanical action of the hydraulic pressure in the failure of the structural bearing capacity are judged, and the hydraulic concrete structure has guiding significance for predicting the service life of the concrete structure in the hydraulic environment.
3. Under the hydraulic environment, the hydraulic structure crack surface is always under the action of hydraulic pressure, the expansion of the crack in the structure bearing process can influence the water pressure distribution in the crack, and the corresponding change of the water pressure distribution in the crack can influence the load action of the hydraulic pressure on the structure. The three-point bending beam test method specified in the hydraulic concrete fracture test procedure is difficult to test the concrete fracture process under the coupling effect.
4. The frequency of cracking of concrete of the hydraulic building structure is very high, and the hydraulic concrete structure, especially the deep water concrete structure, is subjected to the combined action of external load and water pressure in the cracking for a long time. The hydraulic concrete fracture test procedure does not provide a concrete fracture test device under the coupling effect of water pressure and load.
In conclusion, the method has important significance and engineering application value in accurately testing and calculating the fracture performance parameters of the concrete test beam under the coupling effect of the water pressure and the load in the crack.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention mainly solves the technical problems that: the method for accurately testing the fracture performance parameters of the concrete test beam under the coupling effect of the water pressure and the load in the crack is provided.
The technical scheme provided by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for testing the concrete fracture process under different hydraulic pressure effects comprises the following steps:
1) Wrapping a crack sealing adhesive tape at a crack prefabricated by a test beam, clamping the crack sealing adhesive tape by using a clamp, wherein a pressure measuring hole is arranged in a fracture process area of the test beam, and water pressure measuring devices are arranged at two ends of the pressure measuring hole;
2) The midpoint of the top surface of the crack sealing adhesive tape is used as a force application point, a load F is applied to the test beam by pre-pressurizing water, and the maximum load required to be applied is measured by a load measuring deviceF max Crack initiation load is measured by a strain measurement deviceF ini ；
3) Opening displacement measurement brackets are respectively arranged at the bottom end and the tip end of the prefabricated crack, a displacement measurement device is arranged on the displacement measurement brackets, and an acoustic emission detector is arranged on the test beam;
4) Calculating the fracture toughness according to the following formula
Figure SMS_1
And instability toughness->
Figure SMS_2
Fracture toughness
Figure SMS_3
Is calculated by (1):
Figure SMS_4
wherein:
Figure SMS_5
wherein:
Figure SMS_6
for fracture toughness, the unit is MPa.m 1/2 ；F ini The unit is kN for the crack initiation load; alpha 0 ＝a 0 /h，a 0 Is the initial fracture length; s is the span between two supports of the test beam, and the unit is m; t is the thickness of the test beam, and the unit is m; h is the height of the test beam, and the unit is m; m is the mass between the test beam supports, and the total mass of the test beam is converted into unit kg according to the S/L ratio; l is the length of the test beam, and the unit is m; g is gravity acceleration of 9.8m/s 2 ，
Instability toughness
Figure SMS_7
Is calculated by (1):
Figure SMS_8
wherein:
Figure SMS_9
wherein α=a c /h，a c For critical crack length, in mm, the following formula should be used:
Figure SMS_10
wherein:F max is the maximum load, in kN;Ecalculating elastic modulus of the test beam in GPa;h 0 the height of the distance between the clamp type extensometer and the crack is in mm;V c is the crack opening displacement critical value.
The beneficial effects of the invention adopting the technical scheme are as follows: the method comprises the steps of testing the fracture characteristics of a concrete test beam under the joint coupling action of internal water pressure and external load of a fracture, arranging a fracture sealing device at the center of the test beam, adding water pressure to the fracture through a water pipeline, detecting the change rule of the internal water pressure of the fracture in the fracture process through a pressure measuring hole in a fracture process area of the test beam, measuring the fracture opening displacement and the load change rule of the fracture in the fracture process through a displacement and load measuring device, and detecting the fracture of the concrete test beam through an acoustic emission instrument.
The hydraulic loading device in the concrete test beam crack provided by the invention ensures the full hydraulic loading state in the crack, and the loading mode of the external load is consistent with the common three-point bending beam method. The loading device of the concrete three-point bending beam fracture test under the coupling effect of the water pressure and the load more closely simulates the state of the crack under the water pressure in the actual process of the hydraulic concrete, the test method is carried out according to the three-point bending beam method, the obtained fracture parameter calculation formula further develops the concrete fracture performance test, and the industrial regulation DL/T5332-2005 hydraulic concrete fracture test regulations are supplemented.
The further improvement of the scheme is as follows: water pipes are pre-buried at two sides of the prefabricated crack, and are metal corrugated bent pipes.
The further improvement of the scheme is as follows: the crack sealing adhesive tape is a butyl rubber adhesive tape, and the clamp is a steel clamp and is clamped by a bolt.
The further improvement of the scheme is as follows: the pressure measuring hole is prefabricated through holes in the test beam by using a steel bar, and threaded connectors are arranged at two ends of the pressure measuring hole.
The further improvement of the scheme is as follows: the opening displacement measuring bracket comprises an L-shaped steel support and a steel rod with a notch at the end part and is fixedly connected through bolts.
The further improvement of the scheme is as follows: the water pressure acquisition device is a pressure transducer.
The further improvement of the scheme is as follows: the acoustic emission acquisition device is a high-frequency acoustic emission sensor stuck on the surface of the test beam.
The further improvement of the scheme is as follows: the load measuring device is a load sensor, and the strain measuring device is a resistance strain gauge stuck to two sides of the tip of the prefabricated crack.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic of experiment Liang Poushi.
Examples in the figures: the device comprises a load measuring device 1, a clamp 2, a threaded joint 3, a water pressure collecting device 4, a crack opening displacement measuring bracket 5, a water inlet pipeline 6, a clamp-type extensometer 7, a water outlet pipeline 8, a supporting seat 9, an acoustic emission detector 10, a test beam 11, a crack sealing adhesive tape 12, a force application seat 13, a water passage pipeline opening 14, a pressure measuring hole 15 and a crack 16.
Detailed Description
Examples
The method for testing the concrete fracture process under the action of different water pressures in the embodiment is shown in fig. 1 to 2, and comprises the following steps:
1) The whole test beam 11 is placed on the supporting seat 9, a crack sealing adhesive tape 12 is wrapped at a crack 16 prefabricated by the test beam 11, the crack sealing adhesive tape 12 is clamped by the clamp 2, a pressure measuring hole 15 is arranged in a fracture process area of the test beam 11, and water pressure measuring devices are arranged at two ends of the pressure measuring hole 15;
2) The midpoint of the top surface of the crack sealing tape 12 is used as a force application point, a load F is applied to a force application seat 13 on the test beam 11 by pre-applying water pressure, and the maximum load F required to be applied is detected by the load measuring device 1 max Crack initiation load F is measured by an acoustic emission instrument ini ；
3) The bottom end and the tip end of the prefabricated crack 16 are respectively provided with a crack opening displacement measuring bracket 5, a displacement measuring device is arranged on the crack opening displacement measuring bracket 5, and an acoustic emission detector 10 is arranged on the test beam 11;
4) Calculating the fracture toughness according to the following formula
Figure SMS_11
And instability toughness->
Figure SMS_12
Fracture toughness
Figure SMS_13
Is calculated by (1): />
Figure SMS_14
Wherein:
Figure SMS_15
wherein:
Figure SMS_16
for fracture toughness, the unit is MPa.m 1/2 ；F ini The unit is kN for the crack initiation load; alpha 0 ＝a 0 /h，a 0 Is the initial fracture 16 length;Sthe unit m is the span between two supports of the test beam 11;tthe thickness of the test beam 11 is given in m;hthe height of the test beam 11 is given by the unit m;mto test the mass between the abutments of the beams 11, the total mass of the beams 11 is used as followsS/LConversion, unit kg;Lthe length of the test beam 11 is the unit m;ggravitational acceleration of 9.8m/s 2 。
Instability toughness
Figure SMS_17
Is calculated by (1):
Figure SMS_18
wherein:
Figure SMS_19
wherein:
Figure SMS_20
is unstable and toughDegree, unit MPa.m 1/2 ；F max Is the maximum load, in kN; e is the calculated elastic modulus of the test beam 11 in GPa; alpha=a c /h，a c For critical crack length, in mm, the following formula should be used:
Figure SMS_21
h 0 height is the distance between the clamp extensometer 7 and the crack 16, and is in mm; v (V) c The displacement critical value is the opening displacement of the crack 16, and the unit is mm.
The two sides of the prefabricated crack 16 are pre-buried with water pipes, which are metal corrugated bent pipes, and each water pipe comprises a water inlet pipe 6 and a water outlet pipe 8, and a water pipe orifice 14 is arranged inside the test beam 11. The slit sealing tape 12 is a butyl rubber tape, and the jig 2 is a steel jig and is clamped by bolts. The pressure measuring holes 15 are prefabricated through holes in the test beam 11 by using steel bars, and threaded joints 3 are arranged at two ends of the pressure measuring holes 15.
The opening displacement measuring bracket 5 comprises an L-shaped steel support and a steel rod with a notch at the end part and is fixedly connected through bolts.
The water pressure acquisition device 4 is a pressure transducer. The acoustic emission acquisition device is a high-frequency acoustic emission sensor stuck on the surface of the test beam 11. The load measuring device is a load sensor, and the strain measuring device is a resistance strain gauge stuck on two sides of the tip of the prefabricated crack 16.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. All technical schemes formed by adopting equivalent substitution fall within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. The method for testing the concrete fracture process under the action of different water pressures is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Wrapping a crack sealing adhesive tape at a crack prefabricated by a test beam, clamping the crack sealing adhesive tape by using a clamp, wherein a pressure measuring hole is arranged in a fracture process area of the test beam, and water pressure measuring devices are arranged at two ends of the pressure measuring hole; water pipes are pre-buried at two sides of the prefabricated crack, and are metal corrugated bent pipes;
2) The midpoint of the top surface of the crack sealing adhesive tape is used as a force application point, a load F is applied to the test beam by pre-pressurizing water, and the maximum load F required to be applied is measured by a load measuring device max The crack initiation load F is measured by a strain measuring device ini ；
3) Opening displacement measuring brackets are respectively arranged at the bottom end and the tip end of the prefabricated crack, a clamp type extensometer is arranged on the displacement measuring brackets, and an acoustic emission detector is arranged on the test beam;
4) Calculating the fracture toughness according to the following formula
Figure QLYQS_1
And instability toughness->
Figure QLYQS_2
Fracture toughness
Figure QLYQS_3
Is calculated by (1):
Figure QLYQS_4
wherein:
Figure QLYQS_5
wherein: f (F) ini The unit is kN for the crack initiation load; alpha 0 ＝a 0 /h，a 0 Is the initial fracture length; s is the span between two supports of the test beam, and the unit is m; t is the thickness of the test beam, and the unit is m; h is the height of the test beam, and the unit is m; m is the mass between the test beam supports, and the total mass of the test beam is converted into unit kg according to the S/L ratio; l is the length of the test beam, and the unit is m; g is gravity acceleration of 9.8m/s 2 ，
Instability toughness
Figure QLYQS_6
Is calculated by (1):
Figure QLYQS_7
wherein:
Figure QLYQS_8
wherein α=a c /h，a c For critical crack length, in mm, the following formula should be used:
Figure QLYQS_9
wherein: f (F) max Is the maximum load, in kN; e is the calculated elastic modulus of the test beam, and the unit is GPa; h is a 0 The height of the distance between the clamp type extensometer and the crack is in mm; v (V) c Is the crack opening displacement critical value.
2. The method for testing the concrete fracture process under different hydraulic pressures according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the crack sealing adhesive tape is a butyl rubber adhesive tape, and the clamp is a steel clamp and is clamped by a bolt.
3. The method for testing the concrete fracture process under different hydraulic pressures according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pressure measuring hole is prefabricated through holes in the test beam by using a steel bar, and threaded connectors are arranged at two ends of the pressure measuring hole.
4. The method for testing the concrete fracture process under different hydraulic pressures according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the opening displacement measuring bracket comprises an L-shaped steel support and a steel rod with a notch at the end part and is fixedly connected through bolts.
5. The method for testing the concrete fracture process under different hydraulic pressures according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the water pressure acquisition device is a pressure transducer.
6. The method for testing the concrete fracture process under different hydraulic pressures according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the acoustic emission detector is a high-frequency acoustic emission sensor stuck on the surface of the test beam.
7. The method for testing the concrete fracture process under different hydraulic pressures according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the load measuring device is a load sensor, and the strain measuring device is a resistance strain gauge stuck to two sides of the tip of the prefabricated crack.
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