CN110308176A - Architectural exterior-protecting construction heat transfer resistance/heat transfer coefficient on-site measurement method - Google Patents
Architectural exterior-protecting construction heat transfer resistance/heat transfer coefficient on-site measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of on-site measurement method of architectural exterior-protecting construction heat transfer resistance/heat transfer coefficient, is measured using real-time temperature, and by data processing, formula is calculated, and can relatively accurately measure the thermal resistance or heat transfer coefficient for obtaining architectural exterior-protecting construction.The present invention only need to using one day for 24 hours hour as the period, solve architectural exterior-protecting construction thermal resistance or heat transfer coefficient required in calculating cycle each surface mean temperature, and then bring the task that calculation formula completes on-site test into.Quickly, test data is accurate, does not need a large amount of instrument and equipment for present invention detection, overcomes that heat-flow meter method is longer by time of measuring, environment is affected；Heat-box method equipment refers to that larger, installation is extremely inconvenient；The problem of thermal infrared imager method application range compares limitation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for measuring buildings exterior-protected structure, enclose more particularly, to a kind of on-site measurement building
Protection structure heat transfer resistance/heat transfer coefficient method.
Background technique
In recent years, as the further development building heating and air conditioning energy consumption of China's economy and urbanization process also increase year by year
Greatly, building energy conservation becomes the inexorable trend of industry development.
In building energy saving field, the heat transfer coefficient of characterization building enclosure thermal and insulating performance is to influence building energy conservation effect
One of key parameter.It is both domestic and external since the 1980s for the thermal resistance or heat transfer coefficient of Accurate Determining building enclosure
Some researchers propose various field method for measuring, currently, common method has: heat-flow meter method, Heat-box method, infrared
Thermal imaging system method.
However during practical operation, it can be found that: (1) heat-flow meter method measure at the scene building enclosure thermal resistance or
The room that at least continuous-stable heats 4 days is selected during heat transfer coefficient；To avoid what environment was affected about measuring point
Place, the position for selecting thermal property stable；And this method is influenced very big by seasonal variations.(2) Heat-box method is compared to
For heat-flow meter method, influenced by seasonal variations it is smaller, but measure building enclosure thermal resistance or heat transfer coefficient during,
Equipment volume is larger, transport difficult, and installation is extremely inconvenient.(3) although thermal infrared imager method equipment carrying, installation, use
It is fairly simple for upper, but since the infrared emittance data of the construction materials such as wall are not perfect, this method is only
It can qualitatively be tested, application range compares limitation.
Therefore, it is necessary to improve to the prior art.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of efficient architectural exterior-protecting construction heat transfer resistance/heat transfer coefficients
On-site measurement method.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of scene of architectural exterior-protecting construction heat transfer resistance/heat transfer coefficient
Measuring method, it is characterised in that:
According toAndThe thermal resistance R and biography of building enclosure to be measured is calculated
Hot COEFFICIENT K；
t1--- the temperature of building enclosure outer surface；
t2--- the surface temperature for the contact surface that Heat Conduction Material is in contact with building enclosure；
t3--- the temperature of Heat Conduction Material inner surface；
The thickness of δ ' --- Heat Conduction Material；
The thermal coefficient of λ ' --- Heat Conduction Material.
As the improvement of the on-site measurement method to architectural exterior-protecting construction heat transfer resistance/heat transfer coefficient of the present invention, including with
Lower step:
1), Heat Conduction Material is fixed on building enclosure inner surface；
2), in one cycle, at interval of measuring building enclosure outer surface to be measured, Heat Conduction Material for a period of time and go along with sb. to guard him knot
Transient temperature value at contact surface that structure is in contact, Heat Conduction Material inner surface；
3) at contact surface that, building enclosure outer surface, Heat Conduction Material are in contact with building enclosure, Heat Conduction Material inner surface
Transient temperature value to be fitted to be approximately sinusoidal or the functional image of cosine；
4), show that building enclosure outer surface, Heat Conduction Material are in contact with building enclosure according to the functional image drawn out
Contact surface, Heat Conduction Material inner surface mean temperature t1,p、t2,p、t3,p, and by t1,p、t2,p、t3,pAs t1、t2、t3；
5), basisAndThe thermal resistance R of building enclosure to be measured is calculated
And Coefficient K.
As the on-site measurement further improvements in methods to architectural exterior-protecting construction heat transfer resistance/heat transfer coefficient of the present invention:
Step 3) is to be fitted using harmonic analysis software.
As the on-site measurement further improvements in methods to architectural exterior-protecting construction heat transfer resistance/heat transfer coefficient of the present invention:
When Heat Conduction Material to be fixed in building enclosure, the air between Heat Conduction Material and building enclosure is drained, makes two
Person completely attaches to.
As the on-site measurement further improvements in methods to architectural exterior-protecting construction heat transfer resistance/heat transfer coefficient of the present invention:
The surrounding that Heat Conduction Material is contacted with building enclosure is provided with thermal insulation material.
As the on-site measurement further improvements in methods to architectural exterior-protecting construction heat transfer resistance/heat transfer coefficient of the present invention:
It is detected in the most cold moon.
The technical advantage of the on-site measurement method of architectural exterior-protecting construction heat transfer resistance/heat transfer coefficient of the present invention are as follows:
1, the present invention is measured using real-time temperature, and by data processing, formula calculates, can relatively accurately measure and obtain
The thermal resistance or heat transfer coefficient of architectural exterior-protecting construction.
2, the present invention only need to using one day for 24 hours hour as the period, solve needed for thermal resistance or the heat transfer coefficient of architectural exterior-protecting construction
The mean temperature on each surface in the calculating cycle wanted, and then bring the task that calculation formula completes on-site test into.
3, quickly, test data is accurate, does not need a large amount of instrument and equipment, and it is tested to overcome heat-flow meter method for present invention detection
The time is longer for amount, environment is affected；Heat-box method equipment refers to that larger, installation is extremely inconvenient；Thermal infrared imager method application range
The problem of comparing limitation.
4, capital equipment of the invention is certain known thermal coefficient and has certain thickness Heat Conduction Material, several heat
Galvanic couple and thermal insulation material.Be compared to other measurement heat transfer resistance/heat transfer coefficient measuring method present devices it is simple and
It is cheap.
Detailed description of the invention
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of device for measuring architectural exterior-protecting construction thermal resistance or heat transfer coefficient；
Fig. 2 is the tendency chart that each surface temperature changes over time.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further combined with specific embodiments below, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in
This.
Embodiment 1, architectural exterior-protecting construction heat transfer resistance/heat transfer coefficient on-site measurement method, as shown in Figure 1, 2；
Fixation is led in building enclosure 4 when carrying out the measurement of thermal resistance or heat transfer coefficient to building enclosure 4, and using adhesive tape
Four angles of hot material 5, and the air between Heat Conduction Material 5 and building enclosure 4 is drained as far as possible, completely attach to the two.
Heat Conduction Material 5 can select any one known thermal coefficient and have certain thickness Heat Conduction Material, such as using
One block size size is the heat-conducting silica gel sheet with a thickness of 4mm of 20cm × 20cm.
For the accuracy for guaranteeing test result, certain thickness thermal insulation material 6 is pasted in the surrounding of Heat Conduction Material 5.
The building enclosure outer surface 1 of building enclosure 4 is towards outdoor direction, and the building enclosure inner surface of building enclosure 4 is towards interior
Direction.The Heat Conduction Material outer surface of Heat Conduction Material 5 is towards outdoor direction, and the Heat Conduction Material inner surface 3 of Heat Conduction Material 5 is towards interior side
To Heat Conduction Material outer surface contacts the contact surface 2 being in contact as Heat Conduction Material with building enclosure with building enclosure inner surface.
Before the measurement for carrying out thermal resistance or heat transfer coefficient to building enclosure 4 to be measured, according to national standard GB/T23483-2009's
Regulation, is preferably selected in the most cold moon to the detection of building enclosure 4, and should avoid the weather of temperature acute variation；To point position
Selection aspect, should be avoided close to heat bridge, crack and the position for having air penetration, not heated, refrigerating plant and fan it is straight
Connect influence；The outer surface of tested region will avoid sleet invasion and direct sunlight and can represent detected building enclosure 4 simultaneously
Thermal property；Before testing to the building enclosure 4 for needing to measure thermal resistance and heat transfer coefficient, need to guarantee room to be measured
It has inside kept nature (without containing any Cooling and Heat Source) one week or more, and door and window closes；Two surfaces inside and outside architectural exterior-protecting construction 4
Completely, smooth.
With one day (for 24 hours) for a cycle, using thermocouple at interval of a period of time (such as interval 4min) measurement such as Fig. 1
Contact surface 2 that shown building enclosure outer surface 1, Heat Conduction Material are in contact with building enclosure, Heat Conduction Material inner surface 3 are same everywhere
Transient temperature value on one horizontal line, wherein to guarantee the accurate and reliable of experimental result, to building enclosure outer surface 1, heat conduction material
Expect that the contact surface 2 being in contact with building enclosure, Heat Conduction Material inner surface 3 select three temperature measuring points to measure and be averaged
Value；After end to be measured, all data are recorded, are arranged, and using the time as horizontal axis (unit min), temperature is
Show in the reference axis of the longitudinal axis (unit be DEG C), be fitted to using harmonic analysis software be approximately sinusoidal (or cosine) letter
Number image；Each average surface temperature t in calculating cycle is obtained according to the functional image drawn out1(t1,p)、t2(t2,p)、t3
(t3,p)。
The thickness δ ' of Heat Conduction Material 5 can show that thermal coefficient λ ' is also for by vernier caliper or graduated scale measurement
Know condition.
It, then can be by formula according to above-mentioned condition under conditions of one-dimensional steady-state heat transferIt calculates
To the thermal resistance R of building enclosure 4 to be measured, by formulaThe heat transfer system of building enclosure 4 to be measured can be calculated
Number.
It comprises the concrete steps that:
1), to the detection of architectural exterior-protecting construction 4, it is preferably selected in the most cold moon, the weather of temperature acute variation should be avoided.
2) it, in terms of the selection to point position, should be avoided close to heat bridge, crack and the position for having air penetration, it should not
By heat, refrigerating plant and fan are directly affected, while the outer surface of tested region to avoid sleet invade and direct sunlight,
And the thermal property of detected building enclosure 4 can be represented.
3), before testing to the building enclosure 4 for needing to measure thermal resistance and heat transfer coefficient, need to guarantee room to be measured
It has inside kept nature (without containing any Cooling and Heat Source) one week or more, and door and window closes；Two surfaces inside and outside architectural exterior-protecting construction 4
Completely, smooth.
4), preparing a block size is suitable for having certain thickness Heat Conduction Material 5, four angles of fixed Heat Conduction Material 5, and as far as possible
The air between Heat Conduction Material 5 and building enclosure 4 is drained, the two is completely attached to.
5) it is, the accuracy for guaranteeing test result, is pasted with certain thickness thermal insulation material 6 in the surrounding of Heat Conduction Material 5.
6), with one day (for 24 hours) for a cycle, (knot is gone along with sb. to guard him using thermocouple measurement surface to be measured at interval of a period of time
Contact surface 2 that structure outer surface 1, Heat Conduction Material are in contact with building enclosure, Heat Conduction Material inner surface 3) at transient temperature value.
7), all numerical value measured are arranged, and using the time as horizontal axis (unit min), temperature is that the longitudinal axis is (single
Position for DEG C) reference axis in show, be fitted to using existing harmonic analysis software be approximately sinusoidal (or cosine) letter
Number image.
8) each average surface temperature in calculating cycle, is obtained according to the functional image drawn out.
9) the thermal resistance R or Coefficient K of building enclosure 4 to be measured, are calculated according to formula.
With the Heat Conduction Material 5 of known thermal coefficient solve building enclosure 4 to be measured thermal resistance R or Coefficient K principle such as
Under:
Under suitable temperature environment, there are certain temperature difference outside Indoor environment, indoor and outdoor will generate heat
Transmitting.Under conditions of one-dimensional steady-state heat transfer, i.e., temperature only changes in one direction, and is unrelated with the time.If
The temperature of building enclosure outer surface 1 is t1, the temperature of 4 inner surface of building enclosure is t4, and have t1< t4, then heat be by
Interior is to outdoor transmitting, and vice versa, it is now assumed that outdoor temperature is lower than room temperature, according to heat transfer theory, building enclosure knot
Heat output formula between 4 surfaces externally and internally of structure are as follows:
Wherein: q1--- the heat output (W) between 4 surfaces externally and internally of building enclosure；
Heat transfer coefficient (W/ (the m of K --- building enclosure 42·K))；
t1--- the temperature (DEG C) of building enclosure outer surface 1；
t4--- the temperature (DEG C) of 4 inner surface of building enclosure；
Heat transfer resistance (the m of R --- building enclosure 42·K/W)；
The thickness (m) of δ --- building enclosure 4；
The thermal coefficient (W/ (mK)) of λ --- building enclosure 4
Similarly, it, with being contacted when having certain thickness Heat Conduction Material 5 completely, is built when in 4 inner surface of building enclosure
Build the heat output formula between building enclosure outer surface 1 and Heat Conduction Material inner surface 3 are as follows:
Wherein: q2--- the heat output (W) between building enclosure outer surface 1 and Heat Conduction Material inner surface 3；
t3--- the temperature (DEG C) of Heat Conduction Material inner surface 3；
Heat transfer resistance (the m of R ' --- Heat Conduction Material 52·K/W)；
The thickness (m) of δ ' --- Heat Conduction Material 5；
The thermal coefficient (W/ (mK)) of λ ' --- Heat Conduction Material 5
It can be found that when having certain thickness Heat Conduction Material 5 with what is contacted completely in 4 inner surface of building enclosure
When, the heat output q between contact surface 2 that Heat Conduction Material inner surface 3 and Heat Conduction Material are in contact with building enclosure3It is enclosed with aforementioned
Heat output q between protection structure outer surface 1 and Heat Conduction Material inner surface 32It is equal, heat output q3Expression formula are as follows:
Wherein: q3--- between the contact surface 2 that Heat Conduction Material inner surface 3 and Heat Conduction Material are in contact with building enclosure
Heat output (W)；
t2--- the surface temperature (DEG C) for the contact surface 2 that Heat Conduction Material is in contact with building enclosure
In (1), (2), (3) formula, the thickness δ ' of Heat Conduction Material 5 can be obtained by vernier caliper or graduated scale measurement；
What the temperature of building enclosure outer surface 1, the surface temperature of Heat Conduction Material inner surface 3 and Heat Conduction Material were in contact with building enclosure
The instantaneous value of the surface temperature of contact surface 2 at a certain moment can obtain by thermocouple measurement, but due to each surface temperature
The periodic variation being similar to as sinusoidal (cosine) curve can be presented by changing with time, therefore cannot be each surface at a certain moment
Transient temperature value be considered as (1), (2), the t in (3) formula1、t2、t3, and should be at interval of (such as interval 4min) will for a period of time
It according to the variation of time record, arrangement and is drawn by transient temperature value measured by thermocouple, it will be measured by experiment
Data point sinusoidal (cosine) curve is fitted to by harmonic analysis software with the variation of time in one day, solution obtains curve
Expression formula:
Wherein: τ --- the time (min) that measurement carries out；
t1,τ--- the temperature (DEG C) of τ moment building enclosure outer surface 1；
t2,τ--- the temperature (DEG C) for the contact surface 2 that τ moment Heat Conduction Material is in contact with building enclosure；
t3,τ--- the temperature (DEG C) of τ moment Heat Conduction Material inner surface 3；
t1,p--- the mean temperature (DEG C) of calculating cycle interior building enclosure outer surface 1；
t2,p--- the mean temperature (DEG C) for the contact surface 2 that Heat Conduction Material is in contact with building enclosure in calculating cycle；
t3,p--- the mean temperature (DEG C) of Heat Conduction Material inner surface 3 in calculating cycle；
t1,n--- the wave amplitude (DEG C) of the temperature change of n-th order building enclosure outer surface 1；
t2,n--- the wave amplitude of the surface temperature variation for the contact surface 2 that n-th order Heat Conduction Material is in contact with building enclosure
(℃)；
t3,n--- the wave amplitude (DEG C) of the temperature change of n-th order Heat Conduction Material inner surface 3；
ωn--- the frequency (°/h) of n-th order each surface temperature variation；
--- the initial phase angle (°) of 1 temperature change of n-th order building enclosure outer surface；
--- the initial phase angle (°) for 2 temperature change of contact surface that n-th order Heat Conduction Material is in contact with building enclosure；
--- the initial phase angle (°) of 3 temperature change of n-th order Heat Conduction Material inner surface；
P --- it represents average；
M --- represent the maximum value of the order of Fourier space；
N --- represent the order of Fourier space.
Due to considering to regard the situation as one-dimensional steady-state heat transfer, therefore formula (4), (5), the meter in (6) formula after curve matching
Calculate the mean temperature t on each surface in the period1,p、t2,p、t3,pIt can be instead of the t in formula (1), (2), (3) formula1、t2、t3。
Finally, by all known conditions δ ', λ ', t1(t1,p)、t2(t2,p)、t3(t3,p) bring (7) into, in (8) formula, Ji Keqiu
Solution obtains the thermal resistance R or Coefficient K of architectural exterior-protecting construction 4:
Experimental data:
It is tested according to previous embodiment 1, experimental result is as shown in Figure 2.Experimental result table such as the following table 1 of embodiment 1
It is shown；
The experimental result table of 1 embodiment 1 of table:
Carry out the experiment test of 96h under identical meteorological condition to surveyed building enclosure wall using Heat-box method simultaneously,
For the middle data after stablized for 24 hours of choosing as experimental result, the heat transfer resistance experimental result of building enclosure 4 is 1.5086W/ (m2·
K).According to the comparison of two kinds of experimental results it can be found that error is smaller.
The above list is only a few specific embodiments of the present invention for finally, it should also be noted that.Obviously, this hair
Bright to be not limited to above embodiments, acceptable there are many deformations.Those skilled in the art can be from present disclosure
All deformations for directly exporting or associating, are considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. architectural exterior-protecting construction heat transfer resistance/heat transfer coefficient on-site measurement method, it is characterised in that:
According toAndThermal resistance R and the heat transfer system of building enclosure to be measured is calculated
Number K；
t1--- the temperature of building enclosure outer surface (1)；
t2The surface temperature for the contact surface (2) that Heat Conduction Material building enclosure is in contact；
t3--- the temperature of Heat Conduction Material inner surface (3)；
The thickness of δ ' --- Heat Conduction Material (5)；
The thermal coefficient of λ ' --- Heat Conduction Material (5).
2. the on-site measurement method of architectural exterior-protecting construction heat transfer resistance/heat transfer coefficient according to claim 1, feature exist
In: the following steps are included:
1), Heat Conduction Material (5) is fixed on building enclosure (4) inner surface；
2), in one cycle, at interval of measuring building enclosure outer surface (1) to be measured, Heat Conduction Material for a period of time and go along with sb. to guard him knot
Transient temperature value at contact surface (2) that structure is in contact, Heat Conduction Material inner surface (3)；
3) contact surface (2) that, building enclosure outer surface (1), Heat Conduction Material are in contact with building enclosure, Heat Conduction Material inner surface
(3) it is approximately sinusoidal or the functional image of cosine that the transient temperature value at, which is fitted to,；
4), show that building enclosure outer surface (1), Heat Conduction Material are in contact with building enclosure according to the functional image drawn out
The mean temperature t of contact surface (2), Heat Conduction Material inner surface (3)1, p、t2, p、t3, p, and by t1, p、t2, p、t3, pAs t1、t2、
t3；
5), basisAndBe calculated building enclosure to be measured (4) thermal resistance R and
Coefficient K.
3. the on-site measurement method of architectural exterior-protecting construction heat transfer resistance/heat transfer coefficient according to claim 2, feature exist
In:
Step 3) is to be fitted using harmonic analysis software.
4. the on-site measurement method of architectural exterior-protecting construction heat transfer resistance/heat transfer coefficient according to claim 3, feature exist
In:
When Heat Conduction Material (5) to be fixed on building enclosure (4), the sky between Heat Conduction Material (5) and building enclosure (4) is drained
Gas completely attaches to the two.
5. the on-site measurement method of architectural exterior-protecting construction heat transfer resistance/heat transfer coefficient according to claim 4, feature exist
In:
The surrounding that Heat Conduction Material (5) is contacted with building enclosure (4) is provided with thermal insulation material (6).
6. the on-site measurement method of architectural exterior-protecting construction heat transfer resistance/heat transfer coefficient according to claim 5, feature exist
In:
It is detected in the most cold moon.
7. the on-site measurement method of architectural exterior-protecting construction heat transfer resistance/heat transfer coefficient according to claim 6, feature exist
In:
Heat Conduction Material (5) is heat-conducting silica gel sheet.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110702731A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-01-17 | 京正信用评估有限公司 | Method for measuring comprehensive heat transfer coefficient or energy efficiency coefficient of object, system and application thereof |
| WO2023024557A1 (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2023-03-02 | 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 | Air conditioner control method and air conditioner |
| CN116048153A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-05-02 | 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 | Measuring device and measuring method for comprehensive heat conductivity coefficient of heat insulation module in enclosure system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| WO2023024557A1 (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2023-03-02 | 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 | Air conditioner control method and air conditioner |
| CN116048153A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-05-02 | 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 | Measuring device and measuring method for comprehensive heat conductivity coefficient of heat insulation module in enclosure system |
| CN116048153B (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2024-06-11 | 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 | Measuring device and measuring method for comprehensive heat conductivity coefficient of heat insulation module in enclosure system |
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Application publication date: 20191008 |