CN100422014C - 用于车辆气压制动器系统的薄膜空气干燥器 - Google Patents

用于车辆气压制动器系统的薄膜空气干燥器 Download PDF

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CN100422014C
CN100422014C CNB2004800058670A CN200480005867A CN100422014C CN 100422014 C CN100422014 C CN 100422014C CN B2004800058670 A CNB2004800058670 A CN B2004800058670A CN 200480005867 A CN200480005867 A CN 200480005867A CN 100422014 C CN100422014 C CN 100422014C
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air dryer
membrane
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drain valve
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CN1756683A (zh
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R·W·尼科尔斯
R·B·雅各布斯
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Bendix Commercial Vehicle Systems LLC
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26Drying gases or vapours
    • B01D53/268Drying gases or vapours by diffusion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T17/00Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
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    • B60T17/004Draining and drying devices

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Abstract

提供一种用于车辆的包括薄膜空气干燥器的空气干燥系统。向空气干燥器提供具有低且稳定的油蒸汽浓度的压缩空气流。使用凝聚过滤器元件以保持油蒸汽浓度。被过滤的材料可以由压力摆动排泄阀从凝聚过滤器中排出,该阀在压缩机卸载时排出被过滤的材料。

Description

用于车辆气压制动器系统的薄膜空气干燥器
技术领域
【0001】本申请是于2002年10月18日提交的、名称为薄膜空气干燥器和在车辆上安装薄膜干燥器的方法(MEMBRANE AIR DRYERAND METHOD OF MOUNTING A MEMBRANE DRYER TO AVEHICLE)的美国专利申请no.10/274215的部分继续申请,因此,上述申请披露的全部内容引用在此作为参考。
技术领域
【0002】本发明涉及车辆空气干燥器,并特别涉及车辆的薄膜空气干燥器。
背景技术
【0003】在气压制动器系统,例如那些应用在商用卡车上的气压制动器系统中,从车辆压缩机而来的压缩空气在输送给车辆制动器和其它由压缩空气操作的部件之前,先被干燥。压缩空气被干燥以便有效地操作车辆制动器,并且还可以防止制动器和其它下游部件发生损坏。典型地,带有干燥剂床的空气干燥器置于压缩机和制动器之间。干燥剂床空气干燥器从压缩空气中除去湿气,从而仅允许干燥的压缩空气继续向下游到达制动器和其它部件。
【0004】干燥剂床空气干燥器存在多种问题。第一,例如当干燥剂被有机成分如油蒸汽或悬浮微粒污染时,干燥剂性能下降。这样,为了使空气干燥器保持有效,干燥剂床必须预先更换。第二,干燥剂颗粒具有饱和度,超过该饱和度后就无法再吸收多余的湿气。为了使干燥剂空气干燥器保持有效,需要定期净化干燥剂以便保持干燥剂不发生饱和。在典型的干燥剂床空气干燥器中,当压缩机卸除负荷时进行净化循环,以此使干燥剂再生。在一些情况下,在压缩机能够卸除负荷前,压缩机需要保持延长的循环。这些情况在商用车辆中出现得更频繁一些,例如在快速制动过程中以及或使用辅助空气动力设备。在这些长的压缩机循环的过程中,压缩机充装期能超过干燥剂吸水能力,并且随后湿气能通向下游到达其能够引起损坏或其它问题的制动器系统或其它部件。
【0005】尽管已经知道薄膜空气干燥器能产生稳定的干燥空气流而不需要周期性地更换或周期性地净化,然而薄膜空气干燥器一般只应用在空气清洁系统中。污染物,例如油雾,会干扰薄膜空气干燥器的性能,这是因为亲水性的薄膜管是抗有机成分的。有机污染物进入薄膜并且污染了薄膜的表面。这些被有机污染物污染了的薄膜阻止空气穿过薄膜,由此降低了薄膜空气干燥器的效力。这样,薄膜空气干燥器并未被用于车辆中。
发明内容
【0006】提供一种用于车辆压缩空气系统的空气干燥系统。该系统包括一个薄膜空气干燥器和用于在压缩空气系统中保持相当稳定和相当低的油蒸汽浓度的装置。在一个实施方式中,凝聚油过滤器用于保持油蒸汽浓度低于界限水平。另一个实施方式包括一个压力摆动排泄阀,该阀在车辆压缩机卸载时起动以排出被过滤的材料。
附图说明
【0007】通过参考附图,可以更容易地理解本发明的薄膜空气干燥器。尽管显示了作为薄膜空气干燥器的说明性例子的具体实施方式,然而本申请的范围不应被解释为限制于这些说明性的示例。
【0008】图1是本发明薄膜空气干燥器系统的侧面剖视图;
【0009】图2是薄膜空气干燥器的侧面剖视图;
【0010】图3A和3B是薄膜空气干燥器的排出端和供应端的放大剖面图;
【0011】图4是图3A和3B中所示的薄膜空气干燥器的剖视图,其中通过A-A线截取剖面。
具体实施方式
【0012】车辆气压制动器系统薄膜干燥系统10基本由一个凝聚过滤器20、一个薄膜空气干燥器30、以及用于将薄膜空气干燥器连接到车辆35上的装配设备或装置组成。尽管,为了本发明的一个优选实施方式,气压制动器系统薄膜干燥系统10的细节披露在此,然而本领域技术人员将会认同薄膜干燥系统10的元件,即凝聚过滤器元件20、薄膜空气干燥器30、以及用于将薄膜空气干燥器连接到车辆35上的装置可以具有多种不同的实施方式。应当理解,希望这些补充的实施方式在以下程度上是本发明的一部分,即这些补充的实施方式落入权利要求书的保护范围之内。
【0013】凝聚过滤器元件20可以是一个单级凝聚过滤器。过滤器元件20可包括过滤器壳体40,压力摆动排泄阀42以及在过滤器元件壳体40内的节流孔44。如图1中所示,来自压缩机的空气通过孔46并且而后被强制通过过滤器元件20。存在于过滤器元件20中的空气,在通过排出端口50排出前,先进入过滤器空间48,大大降低油蒸汽和悬浮微粒的浓度。
【0014】压力摆动排泄阀42可以连接在过滤器元件壳体40的下方部分上,由此借助于重力辅助搜集浓缩的流体或较重的气体。本领域技术人员将会认同,压力摆动排泄阀42可位于沿着或围绕过滤器壳体的其它位置上。而且,压力摆动排泄阀可以与过滤器壳体成一体,或作为一个单独的单元连接。此外,排泄阀可以不需要通过压力摆动驱动,可以由其它任何装置促动,例如手动排泄阀或限时释放器排泄阀。然而,使用压力摆动排泄阀是优选方案,这是因为每次压缩机卸载,或停止压缩空气时,来自排出管线的压力下降,由此促动从制动器系统排出液体水和/或油的压力摆动排泄阀42。在压力摆动排泄阀42和过滤器空间48之间的连接处,设置节流孔44或一些其它的用于限制空气流的装置,以便防止来自压缩机的压力脉冲用每个活塞冲程促动压力摆动排泄阀。大约0.046英寸的孔是优选的。
【0015】已经确定凝聚过滤器20的使用有助于通过薄膜空气干燥器30干燥压缩空气。凝聚过滤器具有将压缩空气流中的油蒸汽和油悬浮微粒浓度保持在相当稳定水平的能力。与随着在污染物,例如油蒸汽,中的每一次暴露而连续退化的传统的干燥剂干燥器不同,只要油蒸汽浓度保持在低于由所需的空气干燥结果确定的界限水平的相当稳定的水平上,薄膜空气干燥器将连续产生大致相同的结果。由于薄膜空气干燥器典型地由亲水性的元件组成,因此有机成分,例如油,在薄膜的表面上累积。在给定浓度下,经过在薄膜表面凝结的油的空气将推动油穿过薄膜,由此使薄膜不受阻碍以便进行干燥。这样,有一个油的平衡浓度,其中薄膜的空气干燥能力相当稳定。凝聚过滤器元件20用于将油蒸汽的浓度保持在将产生预定干燥度的空气的平衡水平上。此外,凝聚过滤器20可以减小压缩空气流中的水蒸汽浓度,由此减小薄膜空气干燥器30上的负载。
【0016】通过出口50离开过滤器元件20的经过滤的空气通过位于在供应端顶盖62内的供应端口60到达薄膜空气干燥器30。如图4中所示,压缩空气在流经多个薄膜空气干燥器空心纤维64后,变得干燥并且汇聚在位于排出端顶盖68内的排出空间66中。排出空间66中的干燥的压缩空气或者作为回流流入薄膜空气干燥器芯部70,或者通过排出止回阀72流向空气供给罐、制动器、或其它下游部件。回流沿着薄膜空气干燥器纤维64外侧流动,聚集水蒸汽,并通过排出孔74排出到大气中。优选的方式是,用作回流的空气部分约占总的干燥空气流的百分之十五到二十之间。在图3A中所示的实施方式中,计量孔76用于控制回流率。
【0017】适于获得理想的薄膜形态的材料,包括那些已知的典型地用于制作呈现特定形态的有浸透性的薄膜的聚合材料。形成中空纤维的聚合材料的例子包括但不局限于,聚砜、聚醚砜、聚芳砜、聚碳酸酯、尼龙、聚酰亚胺、聚二氟乙烯、聚二氯乙烯、纤维素塑料、聚丙烯腈、以及其它已知用于制作有浸透性的薄膜的材料,可以单独使用或组合使用。能够形成适当的薄膜结构的的无机材料也是合适的。这些无机材料的例子包括但不局限于阳极铝氧化物平板薄膜。该薄膜在商业上可从新泽西(New Jersey)克利夫顿(Clifton)的Whatman公司得到。也可使用其它合适的平板薄膜。采用建议的材料通过多种处理和成形技术可获得理想形态,在这些处理和成形技术中包括,相转化、热诱导相位分离(TIPS)、径蚀刻、或其它已知或预想的制作具有适当的选定的浸透性能的有浸透性的薄膜的方法。美国专利号为5,525,143和6,083,297的文件中披露了其它合适的薄膜,这两个文件全文引用在此作为参考。
【0018】用于将薄膜空气干燥器30连接到车辆上的装置可以采取多种实施方式,例如,如图1中所示穿过车架80的安装螺栓78。其它安装设备在共同申请的申请号10/274215的待审美国申请中披露。这些安装设备也可以由凝聚过滤器20和薄膜空气干燥器30的结构所决定,例如凝聚过滤器20和薄膜空气干燥器30连成一体的实施方式。
【0019】应当认识到,薄膜空气干燥器组件可以采用各种形式的结构和安装设备。还应当理解,薄膜空气干燥器以及相应的端部顶盖可与新的装备共同使用,或翻新与已有部件相连。这些已有部件可能对薄膜空气干燥器的设计引起微小的改动,然而本领域技术人员将会认同,这些微小的改变都落入本申请的范围内。本发明包括这些落入所附权利要求或等价内容范围内的修改和替换

Claims (9)

1. 一种干燥车辆上的压缩空气流的方法,包括以下步骤:
向凝聚过滤器元件供应压缩空气流,其中所述凝聚过滤器置于过滤器壳体中;
用所述凝聚过滤器元件过滤压缩空气流;
向薄膜空气干燥器供应压缩空气流;
干燥所述压缩空气流;
向一个或多个下游部件输送干燥后的压缩空气流;以及
从所述过滤器壳体中排出被过滤的材料,其中排出动作是由压力摆动排泄阀来执行的;其中所述压力摆动排泄阀是由在凝聚过滤器壳体中的因压缩机卸载而引起的压力摆动来促动的。
2. 一种用于车辆压缩空气系统的空气干燥系统,包括:
位于车辆压缩机下游的凝聚过滤器元件,其中所述凝聚过滤器元件置于凝聚过滤器壳体中;
能够连接在车辆上的薄膜空气干燥器,其中所述薄膜空气干燥器接收来自所述凝聚过滤器元件的压缩空气流;以及
连接在所述凝聚过滤器壳体上的压力摆动排泄阀,其中当在凝聚过滤器壳体中存在由压缩机卸载而引起的压力摆动时,所述压力摆动排泄阀被促动从所述凝聚过滤器元件中排出被过滤的材料。
3. 如权利要求2所述的空气干燥系统,其特征在于,每次压缩机卸载时,促动所述压力摆动排泄阀。
4. 如权利要求2所述的空气干燥系统,其特征在于,所述压力摆动排泄阀包括一个节流孔。
5. 如权利要求4所述的空气干燥系统,其特征在于,所述节流孔约0.04到0.06英寸。
6. 如权利要求2所述的空气干燥系统,其特征在于,所述薄膜空气干燥器包括供应端顶盖、薄膜空气干燥器芯部和排出端顶盖,其中所述薄膜空气干燥器芯部包括多个中空的纤维薄膜管。
7. 如权利要求6所述的空气干燥系统,其特征在于,所述薄膜空气干燥器还包括一个计量孔以形成通过所述薄膜空气干燥器芯部的空气回流。
8. 如权利要求7所述的空气干燥系统,其特征在于,所述计量孔允许约百分之十五到二十之间的压缩空气流流出所述多个中空纤维薄膜,以通过所述薄膜空气干燥器芯部回流。
9. 如权利要求6所述的空气干燥系统,还包括:置于所述排出端顶盖内的止回阀,所述止回阀调节薄膜空气干燥器和一个或多个下游部件之间的压缩空气流的流动。
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DE112004000379T5 (de) 2006-03-16
US20040074386A1 (en) 2004-04-22
WO2004078547A1 (en) 2004-09-16
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US6923845B2 (en) 2005-08-02
AU2004217985A1 (en) 2004-09-16

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