CN100416015C - Complex system of vegetation and solar cell - Google Patents

Complex system of vegetation and solar cell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100416015C
CN100416015C CNB2004800109757A CN200480010975A CN100416015C CN 100416015 C CN100416015 C CN 100416015C CN B2004800109757 A CNB2004800109757 A CN B2004800109757A CN 200480010975 A CN200480010975 A CN 200480010975A CN 100416015 C CN100416015 C CN 100416015C
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China
Prior art keywords
solar cell
base
roof surface
hybrid system
vegetation
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CNB2004800109757A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1777727A (en
Inventor
野村卓司
新田佳照
田岛常雄
今井隆良
小嶋彻
坂本彰宏
桥本卓志
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Kaneka Corp
Kanegafuchi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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Kaneka Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/10—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules extending in directions away from a supporting surface
    • F24S25/16—Arrangement of interconnected standing structures; Standing structures having separate supporting portions for adjacent modules
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/60—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2025/601—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules by bonding, e.g. by using adhesives
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking

Abstract

A complex system where a plant group having a heat island phenomenon suppression effect and a solar cell having a carbon dioxide generation suppression effect are installed together. The purposes are to eliminate an adverse influence of both shadows of the plant group and the solar cell and to prevent the solar cell system from flying away by the wind pressure against the base side The average height of the solar cell module is greater than that of the plant group. The plant group and the solar cell module are installed with a gap larger than the distance corresponding to the height difference between them. At least between the paired plant group and solar cell which face each other, an area for a person to walk through is provided. More than half of the ventilation area of the base side is covered with the plant group, a heat insulating material, and a moisture-retaining material .

Description

The hybrid system of vegetation and solar cell
Technical field
The present invention relates to the hybrid system of vegetation and solar cell, wherein, have the inhibiting flora of heat island phenomenon and have carbon dioxide and generate inhibiting solar cell and be mounted together.
Background technology
In order to be suppressed at the heat island phenomenon that has developed into the populous city of a problem in recent years, just implementing greening at present, it relates on the structural top such as building plants plant.In addition, solar cell has been used to special applications, and it does not relate to fossil fuel, that is to say, it has constituted and does not relate to carbon dioxide and generate the electric power generation technique with low environmental load.For example, as the method that vegetation and solar cell are installed together, the method that vegetation is arranged on the building roof and solar cell is installed on its wall is open by Japan early stage publication application No.2002-364137.In addition, the method that vegetation is arranged on the one side of inclined roof and solar cell is installed on its another side is open by Japan early stage publication application No.2002-206349.Yet, although it is that the above-mentioned effect of generation is necessary that the sunshine of plant and solar cell receives, but the light quantity that receives at least in either case in these mounting methods is all less, and the mounting method that vegetation and solar cell are installed on the same plane substantially together also is not suggested.What can infer is that the problem of vegetation and influence of solar cell shade and maintenance is not also solved.
In addition, as " Design and Execution of asolar light generation system (Second Edition) (design of sunshine generation system and operation (second edition)) " (editor: solar lightgeneration association (sunshine generate association), on February 10th, 2000 published by Ohm company) 115 pages to 116 pages in mention, the height of building is high more, and the blast that affacts on the solar cell system is big more.For example, blast is proportional to the square root of the height part that is no more than 16 meters high buildings, and for surpassing 16 meters high parts, blast is proportional to the fourth root of its height.Therefore, what can infer is that the method that solar cell system is fixed on the high-rise building is to cause an expensive factor.
In order fully to receive sunshine, form solar module with tabular shape with high surface area.Solar module has transparency glass plate usually in its surface, so that solar energy fully arrives the interior lights electric transition element, and feasible enough lasting for outdoor mounted.Therefore, the tabular glass plate of large tracts of land has accounted for most of weight of solar module, and very heavy.When glass plate is damaged, the situation of the sharp-pointed fragment in multiple edge can appear, when this situation of processing, must be noted.
Developed the method that this solar module is fixed to roof surface traditionally.For example, the early stage publication application No.H8-288532 of Japan discloses a kind of method, and this method is installed to roof surface by anchor being pressed into roof surface and base being fixed on this anchor with base, and then solar module is installed on the base.Yet in the method, because anchor is pressed into roof surface, roof surface has suffered damage, and the danger that therefore exists long-term fire resistance characteristic to descend.The target that the roof surface of base has been installed on it is to prevent rainwater intrusion building.For example, the roof surface of whole building has the structure by waterproofing courses that constitutes like that such as water proofing asphalt and splash guards.For addressing this problem, the early stage publication application No.2000-017802 of Japan discloses the wherein method of the bulged-in part infiltration of anchor that prevents.Yet, the cost that relates in waterproof and the problem of work have appearred subsequently.So, the early stage publication application No.H9-070188 of Japan discloses a kind of method, promptly substitute by the fixed method of anchoring, by rely on cementing agent that concrete pedestal is fixed on the roof surface and with solar module be fixed to carry out on the concrete pedestal fixing.Yet, comprising on the roof of roof surface, must be mainly used in the waterproof purpose at regular intervals such as the maintenance that covers splash guard again, therefore produce problem, promptly can not remove solar cell system provisionally using cementing agent concrete pedestal to be joined in the joint on the roof.
In addition because solar module is arranged at higher position naturally, for example around it and below people's process is arranged, so prevent that when situation such as typhoon or earthquake takes place the zone of solar module around falling to the roof from being very important.The past people have considered to use cable base to be fixed to the method for roof surface.With regard to this method, when the hypothesis wind is on solar module and base, because base is fixed to flat roof, so the direction of the tension on the cable is in vertical direction necessarily than bigger on the roof surface horizontal direction.For the component of the vertical direction that guarantees cable pull, with roof surface be installation surface as a reference, the joint angle of cable must be subvertical to a certain extent angle.On the other hand, use this method, can prevent that solar module from falling to roof surface zone on every side.Yet, when base is fixed to roof surface with cable, approach vertical joint angle in order to provide, the position that cable is fixed can not be too far away apart from base, therefore, finally be necessary to assemble crab-bolt in the roof installation surface, and water-proof surface must be damaged.In addition, another problem of this method of being quoted from is when the surface area of base is big, by use cable only the fixed solar battery component around can not prevent blowing afloat near the base center.In addition, Japan has examined utility model application communique No.S62-70454 and discloses and relate to a kind of method that solar module wherein is connected to the structure of cable, and described cable extends on the direction of the established angle of firm banking.In this structure, the two ends of cable are tied on the main body of base reliably, and solar module can be locked into the state that extends cable with assembly wherein and is connected.In this case, because the wind pressure load that acts on the solar module is supported by cable, so cable hot strength of having relatively high expectations usually, the slight fluctuations that is caused by wind pressure load is inevitable, and, owing to the metal fatigue of cable stock and coupling part, exist the problem of long durability.In addition, when the long-pending increase of susceptor surface, above problem increases the weight of.Simultaneously, as disclosed in Japanese patent application No.H8-284351, in the structure on being installed in roof sheet tile, exist cable wherein to be tied on the crab-bolt that penetrates installation surface reliably and base is connected to a kind of structure of this cable.In this case, in order to stop the base frictional movement that causes by factors like that such as wind, exist to relate to a kind of method that the shank branch that utilizes cementing agent will be connected to base is fixed to roof surface.For this method, owing to utilize the crab-bolt penetrate roof surface and guarantee the behavior of base connected load by cable, so exist problem sometimes for the waterproof construction of penetrating component.In addition, when solar module is connected after being fixed by cable, is difficult in all points and realizes firmly connecting equably, and, when applying excess load, the possibility that exists weakness to damage.
Summary of the invention
Consider present situation, the present invention proposes a kind of mounting method, this method can solve the base mounting structure to the local waterproof of roof surface that the problem relate to maintenance and vegetation and the influence of solar cell shade does not need to carry out expensive and high labour intensity by providing a kind of, make it possible to vegetation and solar cell are arranged in the roughly the same plane together, and, make it possible to the decline of the long durability of the measure that prevents, thereby prevent solar module blowing afloat and falling that frequent load and slight fluctuations etc. cause near the base center.
After the big quantity research of process, the inventor finds following method.The hybrid system of vegetation of the present invention and solar cell relates to wherein solar cell system and flora and is arranged on a kind of vegetation on the same roof surface and the hybrid system of solar cell together, wherein, therefore the average height of the described roof surface of optical receiving surface distance of solar module can solve because the shade of plant counteracts the problem that solar cell receives light greater than described floral average height.
A second aspect of the present invention relates to the hybrid system of a kind of vegetation and solar cell, wherein, when the average height of the described roof surface of described flora distance is a, the average height of the described roof surface of described solar module distance is b, and the projector distance between hithermost described flora and the described solar module satisfies following formula 1 when being c:
C 〉=b-a (formula 1)
Wherein solved because the obstruction solar cell that the plant shade causes receives the problem of light and because the solar cell shade counteracts the problem that plant receives light.
A third aspect of the present invention relates to the hybrid system of a kind of vegetation and solar cell, wherein, thermal insulation material and/or material which can retain moisture be laid between hithermost described flora and the described solar module, with and/or described solar module between and/or between the described flora, thereby can bring tropical inhibitory action for the part that does not have plant or solar cell etc.
A fourth aspect of the present invention relates to the hybrid system of a kind of vegetation and solar cell, and wherein, described thermal insulation material is the caking property moulded parts, has the space between the surface of described roof surface and described thermal insulation material; And a fifth aspect of the present invention relates to the hybrid system of a kind of vegetation and solar cell, and wherein, described material which can retain moisture is earth, sand and composition thereof, thereby can realize a third aspect of the present invention with lower cost.
A sixth aspect of the present invention relates to the hybrid system of a kind of vegetation and solar cell, and wherein, described flora is shrub and/or grass, and this makes it possible to solve because the obstruction solar cell that the plant shade causes receives the problem of light.
A seventh aspect of the present invention relates to the hybrid system of a kind of vegetation and solar cell, wherein solar cell system and flora are arranged on the same roof surface together, wherein, described flora and described solar cell comprise people zone ambulatory between at least one pair of relative described flora and described solar cell system.
Eighth aspect present invention relates to the hybrid system of a kind of vegetation and solar cell, and wherein, thermal insulation material is laid in the people described zone ambulatory.A ninth aspect of the present invention relates to the hybrid system of a kind of vegetation and solar cell, and wherein, described thermal insulation material is the caking property moulded parts with earth, sand and composition thereof, has the space between the surface of described roof surface and described thermal insulation material.A tenth aspect of the present invention relates to the hybrid system of a kind of vegetation and solar cell, wherein, the height of the described roof surface of described thermal insulation material distance is less than the height of described solar module, and this makes also can bring the heat island inhibitory action for the zone that can walk about that is used for maintenance purpose.
A eleventh aspect of the present invention relates to the hybrid system of a kind of vegetation and solar cell, wherein will be arranged on together on the same roof surface by a base being installed and a solar module being fixed to the solar cell system and the flora that obtain on the described base, wherein, the side of described at least flora and described base is fully adjacent each other, this makes it possible to prevent that the shade that solar module causes from hindering floral growth, and reduces to act on blast on the solar cell system by the effect of plant Wind-Pressure Resistance.
A twelveth aspect of the present invention relates to the hybrid system of a kind of vegetation and solar cell, wherein, described floral average height is less than the average height of the optical receiving surface of described solar cell, and described flora covered described base side the permission draught area half or more, this has reduced to act on blast on the solar cell system by plant Wind-Pressure Resistance reliable effect ground.
A thirteenth aspect of the present invention relates to the hybrid system of a kind of vegetation and solar cell, wherein, thermal insulation material is laid between the contiguous flora and solar module, and/or between the described solar module, and/or between the described flora, the height of the described roof surface of described thermal insulation material distance is less than the height of described solar module, and described thermal insulation material covered described solar cell system the permission draught area half or more, this has reduced to act on blast on the solar cell system by plant Wind-Pressure Resistance reliable effect ground.
A fourteenth aspect of the present invention relates to the hybrid system of a kind of vegetation and solar cell, wherein, material which can retain moisture is laid between the contiguous flora and solar module, and/or between the described solar module, and/or between the described flora, the height of the described roof surface of described material which can retain moisture distance is less than the height of described solar module, and described material which can retain moisture covered described solar cell system the permission draught area half or more, this has reduced to act on blast on the solar cell system by plant Wind-Pressure Resistance reliable effect ground.
A fifteenth aspect of the present invention, wherein, described solar cell system is provided for keeping in the both sides at least of described plate-shaped solar battery a framework of described solar cell, and described roof surface and described framework engage by the pressure-sensitive adhesive material.
A sixteenth aspect of the present invention, wherein, described solar cell system is provided for keeping a framework and a base of described solar cell, described framework is fixed on the described base in the both sides at least of described plate-shaped solar battery, and described roof surface and described base engage by the pressure-sensitive adhesive material.
A seventeenth aspect of the present invention, wherein, described pressure-sensitive adhesive material is arranged on the both sides of base material.
A eighteenth aspect of the present invention, wherein, the Main Ingredients and Appearance of described pressure-sensitive adhesive material is butyl resin or acrylic resin.
A nineteenth aspect of the present invention, wherein, in described solar cell system, be provided for described solar module is fixed to a base of described roof surface, described base is fixed to described roof surface by pressure sensitive adhesive tape, and utilizing cable to prevent that this base from falling, described cable is set up by being parallel to described roof surface and is present in a space in the described base.So the waterproof of roof surface is not lowered, even and when typhoon or earthquake etc. take place, also can prevent the zone of solar module around falling to the roof.In addition, because no longer need the local waterproof of roof surface, and for cable, also there is no need usually to stretch with high strength, so can prevent the decline of the long durability of measure, thus prevent because the falling of the solar module that frequent load and slight fluctuations cause.In addition, can also prevent blowing afloat near the base center.
A twentieth aspect of the present invention, wherein, the two ends of described cable are fixed on the heavy load on the described roof surface.Therefore, do not need to penetrate waterproofing course such as the fixing setting tool the crab-bolt of cable, waterproof can be maintained.
The of the present invention the 20 on the one hand, and wherein, described heavy load is to constitute described floral one kind to plant the unit.Therefore, can realize base attractive in appearance and environment amenable.
The 22 aspect of the present invention, wherein, after described base was fixed to described roof surface by pressure sensitive adhesive tape, described cable was introduced in the described space in the described base, and the two ends of described cable are fixed to described heavy load, thereby can realize reliable and simple construction.
The 23 aspect of the present invention, wherein, in described solar cell system, be provided for described solar module is fixed to a base of described roof surface, described base is fixed to described roof surface by pressure sensitive adhesive tape, and utilize adhesive tape to prevent that this base from falling, and described adhesive tape is introduced in the space that is present in the described base.So the waterproof of roof surface is not lowered, even and when typhoon or earthquake etc. take place, also can prevent the zone of solar panel around falling to the roof.In addition, because no longer need the local waterproof of roof surface, and usually need be with the adhesive tape that stretches under the high strength, so can prevent the decline of the long durability of measure, thus prevent because the solar module that frequent load and slight fluctuations cause falls.
The 24 aspect of the present invention, wherein, the two ends of described adhesive tape are fixed to described roof surface by bonding.Therefore, do not need to penetrate the setting tool such as crab-bolt of waterproofing course, thus, can realize having the more economical solar cell mounting structure of better fire resistance characteristic.
The 25 aspect of the present invention, wherein, after described base is fixed to described roof surface by pressure sensitive adhesive tape, described adhesive tape is introduced in the described space in the described base, and the two ends of described adhesive tape are fixed to described roof surface by bonding, thereby can realize reliable and simple construction.
The 26 aspect of the present invention will be used cable to prevent to fall and use adhesive tape to prevent to fall and combine to constitute a kind of base mounting structure, fixing on the base installation surface of this structure is firm pressure sensitive adhesive tape, it is embodying superiority aspect economy and the reliability.
The 27 aspect of the present invention, wherein, after described base is fixed to described roof surface by pressure sensitive adhesive tape, described adhesive tape is introduced in the described space in the described base, the two ends of described adhesive tape are fixed to described roof surface by bonding, described cable is introduced in the described space in the described base, and the two ends of described cable are fixed to described heavy load, thereby can realize reliable and simple construction.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the plan view of solar cell system and floral layout;
Fig. 2 is a solar module 1 apart from the height of roof surface and flora 3 phantom drawing apart from the height of roof surface;
Fig. 3 is the viewgraph of cross-section of the syndeton of solar module;
Fig. 4 is the similar viewgraph of cross-section of another syndeton of solar module;
Fig. 5 is the similar viewgraph of cross-section of another syndeton of solar module;
Fig. 6 is the similar viewgraph of cross-section of another syndeton of solar module;
Fig. 7 is the view that points to about solar cell system;
Fig. 8 is the plan view of the 3rd embodiment solar cell system and floral layout;
Fig. 9 is the viewgraph of cross-section of the syndeton of solar module; And
Figure 10 is the viewgraph of cross-section of suspension column.
The specific embodiment
Below, will specifically describe embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.At first, will first embodiment of the invention be described based on Fig. 1 to 6.
As shown in Fig. 1 and 2, the vegetation of present embodiment and the hybrid system S of solar cell are arranged on system on the same roof surface 4 together with solar cell system 10 and flora 3, and the optical receiving surface of solar module 1 is apart from the average height b of the roof surface 4 average height a greater than flora 3.
Here, " roof " refers to the building structure top of building structure such as comprising mansion or house.Yet in order to maximize effect of the present invention, the roof surface that the roof promptly has little gradient is preferred.
" flora 3 " represents the plant of one or more types or the plant of two or more types.The example of plant comprises such as the tree of broad leaf tree, evergreen tree, deciduous tree, coniferous tree, bamboo and the plant such as dialypetalous flower, sympetalous flower, monocotyledon, gymnosperm, China fir, liver moss.For the purpose of the present invention, preferably has the plant that low relatively growing height is taken care of easily.For example, the succulent plant (cactus series) such as a watt reed genus (Liliaceae), shark palm genus (Liliaceae), Agave and Lithops is especially preferred form.Most preferred plant is evergreen renascent, especially for example Crassulaceae Sedum (academic by name " Sedum "), more specifically be little jewelry, stonecrop, Echinacea, false tail spore, mound, dish pine, Xin Dongni, red-spotted stonecrop sponge, yellow Korea, red-spotted stonecrop grass, aurora, 8,000 generations, red-spotted stonecrop chameleon etc.In addition, when factors such as consideration plant disease and harmonious colours, polytype plant is set preferably.
Solar cell can be organically, or based compound semiconductor or silicon etc., and it can be divided into monocrystalline type, polymorphic or film-type, or such as the hybrid system of monocrystalline type and film-type or polymorphic and film-type combination.As describing subsequently, when the optical receiving surface that requires solar module apart from the average height b of roof surface during greater than floral average height, because the mounting inclination angle of solar cell is low more, select the degree of freedom of flora height just big more, so, preferably do not have the solar cell that obviously descends at sunlight electric power formation efficiency with the time than low angle incident.Preferred form comprises the hybrid system of thin film silicon type and thin film silicon type and polysilicon.
Solar cell system 10 comprises a solar module at least, and comprises that circuit, solar cell setting tool or firm banking, circuit connect material, inverter, converter and a kind ofly can use all or part of in the form of utilizing the electric power that sunshine generates as the energy for a long time.
More specifically, shown in Fig. 4 and 6 etc., the framework 7 of maintenance solar cell and the base 2 of support frame are set on the both sides at least of plate-shaped solar battery, roof surface 4 and base 2 engage by the pressure-sensitive adhesive material.
In Fig. 4, base 2 utilizes double-sided belt 8 to be fixed on the splash guard 40, and solar module need not made any hole and just can be fixed on splash guard 40.In addition, Fig. 6 illustrates by double-sided belt base 2 is fixed to method on the splash guard 40 on the concrete block 5.Such solar cell system does not reduce fire resistance characteristic or its reliability aspect watertightness of roof surface, and has the characteristic that is moved easily when roof maintenance.
Base 2 is the metal material of the first portion that continues (stepchild portion) with fixed solar battery component and bolt hole etc. or concrete molded 's etc. a integral body, has wherein also adopted multicomponent material or polytype material to fix solar module.Generally, although can a plurality of solar modules be fixed on the base by fixing a plurality of solar modules along the longitudinal direction of rod-shaped material,, the system that connects an assembly on a base also is preferred.
Top " pressure-sensitive adhesive material " is the common name with organic or inorganic material of bonding characteristic.Yet, more specifically, the possible example of binding material comprises acrylic acid (acrylic), butyl (butyl), silicon, urethanes, natural rubber, synthetic rubber or the like, in this example, from considering that such as the long durability of water resistance and high-temperature stability and the angle of cost acrylic acid or butyl are most preferred.
Double-sided belt 8 is to form by impose the pressure-sensitive adhesive material on the both sides of base material, and possible base material comprises resin film, metal tape, foamed resin, non-foam resin, non-woven fibre, paper or the like.Should select base material aptly from the intensity of the elasticity of using simplification, base material, base material and with the angle of pressure-sensitive adhesive material compatibility, in this example, foamed resin or non-woven fibre are most preferred.In addition, because when external force affacts on the double-sided belt 8, the possibility that has separation at the interface between base material and pressure-sensitive adhesive material is so should select to realize the base material of tight contact between base material and the pressure-sensitive adhesive material.From this angle, base material and pressure-sensitive adhesive material preferably are made of the material of same type.For example, acrylic foam base material and acrylic pressure sensitive binding material are exactly a preferred compositions.In addition, by with the coating of pressure-sensitive adhesive material, crimping or be thermally bonded on the base material or by making double-sided belt 8 with the method for cementing agent infiltration base material, and, by co-extruded or suchlike method to base material and pressure-sensitive adhesive material, the interface between base material and the pressure-sensitive adhesive material also can be eliminated basically.For the application area of pressure-sensitive adhesive material use amount, double-sided belt or use amount and connect area, solar cell system must calculate, consider and suitably determine the load of the wind on the solar cell system, and the fluctuating load that is caused by earthquake.Therefore, must be designed to well-bonded pressure-sensitive adhesive material and double-sided belt 8 with base bottom area and the base of frame area that the pressure-sensitive adhesive material contacts with double-sided belt 8.
In this example, in order to keep in repair purposes such as splash guard 40, temporary fixed base 2 and framework 7 can be moved.At this, this only relates to relative simple working, that is, heated electrical heating cable is placed on the pressure-sensitive adhesive material, and partly removes the electrical heating cable when taking place to soften.On the other hand, when fixedly having used cementing agent, it should be noted, owing to cementing agent may have cured, so removal work is with extremely difficult.
In addition, as modified example, preferred as shown in Figure 5 do not use base, the method by double-sided belt 8 fixed frames 7, promptly, according to this method, the framework 7 that keeps solar cell is set on the both sides at least of plate-shaped solar battery, and engages roof surface 4 and framework 7 by the pressure-sensitive adhesive material.
In addition, as shown in Figure 3, utilize crab-bolt 6 that base 2 is fixed to roof surface 4, and can will be fixed to base 2 by the solar module that group frame 7 and solar module 1 are made by bolt 21.
Fig. 2 shows solar module 1 apart from the height of roof surface 4 and the height of flora 3.When the minimum altitude of solar module is b1 and maximum height when being b2, the optical receiving surface of solar module is provided by formula 2 apart from the average height b of roof surface.
B=(b1+b2)/2 (formula 2)
In addition, flora 3 is that hypothesis is carried out the height that independent weighted average obtains by the height to every kind of plant apart from the average height a of roof surface.The optical receiving surface of solar module is preferably greater than the average height a of flora apart from roof surface apart from the average height b of roof surface.This is for the shade that prevents that generation is caused by flora on the optical receiving surface of solar module, and prevents that solar cell from hindering light-receiving.In addition, hithermost flora shown in Figure 1 and the projector distance c between the solar module preferably satisfy following formula 1.
C 〉=b-a (formula 1)
This is that the shade that is caused by solar module will project on the flora, and hinder floral cultivation because when the formula 1 above not satisfying and formula 3 below satisfied.
C＜b-a (formula 3)
Although be not illustrated, between flora 3 and solar cell system 10, flora 3 each other and solar cell system 10 each other, leave the zone that the people can walk about, as the road of using in the maintenance, and on these zones, lay thermal insulation material and material which can retain moisture etc., thus, realize the heat island inhibitory action.Thermal insulation material for example can be foams,, for example is provided with the organic foam body such as styrenic foams, ethylene-propylene copolymer foam or urethane foam of metal sheet, retaining ultraviolet light coating or resistance luminescent material etc. that is; Perhaps such as the inorganic foamed plastic body of cement foam (cement foam) or float stone, and further for example can be concrete molded of hollow, hollow resin moulded parts, heat-insulating block and the boulder bed that is configured to comprise air.In addition, material which can retain moisture for example can be water absorbent polymer, continuous air bubbles foam (continuous bubble foam) or be stacked comprising the fine powder in space, their constitute can keep rainwater and between the megathermal period heat of evaporation by rainwater make on every side the fully material of cooling.Yet, consider that from the angle of cost and durability earth and sand or suchlike material are preferred.
Next, will second embodiment of the invention be described with reference to figure 7.
Among the vegetation of present embodiment and the solar cell hybrid system S, base 2 is installed on the same roof surface 4, and be set at flora by solar module 1 is fixed to the solar cell system that obtains on the base, make that the side and the flora 3 of base 2 are fully close each other at least.In addition, flora 3 be set up covering base side 20 draught area half or more, the Wind-Pressure Resistance effect by plant reduces the blast on the solar cell system.
The solar cell system 10 of present embodiment is identical with first layout of implementing as shown in Figure 1 with the layout of flora 3.Fig. 7 is the partial view about in the direction of arrow A, shows the draught area of frame facet and frame facet, the side of frame facet 20 expressions one row solar cell.
Base 2 is the integral body with the metal material of continue first portion and bolt hole etc. of fixed solar battery component or concrete molded etc., and has the integral body that base is fixed to the metal material of continue first portion and bolt hole etc. of roof surface or concrete molded etc., wherein, multicomponent material or polytype material have been adopted for the fixed solar battery component.Although by along the fixing a plurality of solar modules of the longitudinal direction of rod-shaped material a plurality of solar modules being fixed on the base, the present invention has also comprised the system that connects an assembly on a base usually.
Be similar to the first top embodiment, the optical receiving surface of solar module is preferably greater than the average height a of flora 3 apart from roof surface apart from the average height b of roof surface.This is to cause shade owing to flora in order to prevent on the optical receiving surface of solar module, and prevents that solar module from hindering light-receiving.
As described above, usually, base uses rod-shaped material to constitute, and base side 20 is in the state that can ventilate.In the present embodiment, this area is called as the permission draught area.On the other hand, when the base side partly or entirely constitute by template material or suchlike material and when not allowing to ventilate, the part of base lateralarea becomes the permission draught area.Although along also ventilating perpendicular to the direction of direction of ventilation shown in Figure 8, when base was rod-shaped material, the permission draught area of base side was bigger, this is the aspect that the present invention pays close attention to.Design and realize solar cell system is supposed routinely that negative pressure that the wind by the top of the solar module by will being fixed to roof surface produces is in to make and can prevent the intensity of scattering.Yet,, and considered the safety of higher margin of safety and there are economic problems in the Fixed Design of expensive solar cell system when construction because the blast that the ventilation on the base side surface direction produces is difficult to supposition routinely.Ways of addressing this issue for example can be by reducing to allow draught area with template material covering base side, but there are following three problems in such method: (1) base weight increases, and the problem that produces owing to roof load-bearing power may occur; (2) base cost height; (3) the air degree of reaching a high temperature between solar module and roof, inner cooling load increases.According to present embodiment, close on flora, thermal insulation material and the material which can retain moisture of base side by layout, perhaps, can be solved because the blast problem that the ventilation on the base side surface direction produces by arrange to cover allowing half or more flora, thermal insulation material and material which can retain moisture of draught area.
In addition, although be not illustrated, materials similar like that such as thermal insulation material and material which can retain moisture in the first top embodiment be laid between flora 3 and the solar cell system 10, flora 3 each other and solar cell system 10 each other, thus, realize the heat island inhibitory action.Yet, this structure makes suchlike materials such as thermal insulation material and material which can retain moisture be lower than the height of solar module apart from the height of roof surface, and suchlike material such as thermal insulation material and material which can retain moisture is established with half of covering solar cell system permission draught area or more, thus, by the Wind-Pressure Resistance of materials like that such as thermal insulation material and material which can retain moisture, reduced to affact the blast on the solar cell system.
Below, based on Fig. 8 to Figure 10, the third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
As Fig. 8 and shown in Figure 9, the vegetation of present embodiment and solar cell hybrid system are constructed such that the base 2 that is used for fixing solar module 1 is fixed to roof surface 4 by pressure sensitive adhesive tape 80, and prevent that by cable 9 it from falling.More specifically, cable 9 is arranged to pass the space 22a that is parallel to roof surface 4 of base 2, even when typhoon or earthquake etc. take place, can prevent reliably that also solar module 1 from falling around the roof.
Base 2 comprises base track 23 and suspension column 22, and solar module 1 is stacked on the base 2.Base track 23 is fixed on the suspension column 22 by bolt, and solar module 1 is stacked on the base track 23.So, for fear of the situation that causes the parallelism that to guarantee base track 23 owing to do not land (the base track 23 that promptly is on the lowermost layer can not fully contact with roof surface 4), preferably insert the sheet that constitutes by hard rubber in time, as the pad between base track 23 and the suspension column 22.By this mode, reduced because the load on the part suspension column that the non-uniform Distribution of the load of battery panel 5 and base track 23 etc. causes is concentrated, and can be on roof surface 4 firm banking 2 stably.
The space 22a that provides in the suspension column 22 is provided cable 9, and the two ends of cable 9 are fixed to the suitable point of the heavy load on the roof surface 4, for example is fixed to the periphery of the planter units 31 of the flora 3 that constitutes roof vegetation system 30.Some cables are along the length direction of base track 23, and can on the direction perpendicular to the length direction of base track 23 many cables be set.If used solid line,, can under the situation that does not have messenger wire clamp (cantilever), realize enough stability by two cables in the space 22a in the suspension column 22 that track 23 two ends respectively are set.If cable passes the space 22a in the suspension column 22 in the middle of the track 23, also can use a cable.
Except planter units 31, heavy load may be made of concrete or metal derby etc., and can be placed on the two ends of cable 9 so that can prevent solar module 1 when generations such as typhoon or earthquake owing to base 2 move fall and himself weight effect under be damaged.Usually, the load-bearing power of building is 180kg/m 2Or still less, the gross weight of heavy load, base 2 and solar module 1 must be arranged to be in or the gross weight that is lower than by the building roof surface multiply by the weight that the weight holding capacity obtains.On the other hand, according to the target that prevents that solar module 1 from falling, the weight of at least 10% inflation load is as gross weight on the total base area of necessary assurance.Because cable 9 is fixed on the heavy load that is installed on the roof surface 4, thus do not need to damage the waterproofing course of roof surface 4, owing to need not repair waterproofing course, so this is economical.
Roof vegetation system 30 is to cover the system of building roof surface as the heat island countermeasure with vegetation, and is attractive in appearance and owing to stopping that the direct sunlight bundle has prevented the system of the concrete heat history on the building roof.In addition, in green plants city seldom, the roof vegetation system provides environment amenable space.Roof vegetation system 30 is made of flora 3, and more specifically, it constitutes by arrange a plurality of planter units 31 of wherein inserting soil and plant on roof surface.The plant of using in the situation of the plant of flora 3 and first embodiment in the above is identical.
Planter units 31 is utilized fastening means to be fixed to roof surface 4 by four angles to disperse in typhoon to prevent planter units 31 usually, and it has constituted the structure of a plurality of planter units 7 wherein integrated.Therefore, when integrated planter units 7 is used as heavy load, 30kg/m 2To 60kg/m 2Load just can be guaranteed.In addition, the roof vegetation system is used as heavy load and is meaned and do not need to go to prepare again heavy load that this is economical, and reduces construction material.
Consider the cable of mentioning among the cable 9 preferred JIS G of Japanese Industrial Standards 3549 that is used for structure from the angle of intensity and durability.In addition, do not need to extend cable at full tilt, and its two ends can be fixed and are in not relaxed state.The purpose of using cable 9 is in order to prevent that base from falling under the situation that typhoon takes place when the constant intensity of the suspension column that is fixed by pressure sensitive adhesive tape owing to unpredictalbe reason slight decline is taken place.
Solar module 1 is fixed by bolt and is connected on the base track 23.In order to reduce the load of wind, the established angle of solar module 1 is preferably the lower angle that is no more than 10 degree with respect to horizontal surface.In addition, the surface of solar module 1 is subjected to the sedimental influence such as dust always, therefore, flows release naturally such as the maintenance work of cleaning in order to utilize the dust that is caused by rainwater, and the established angle of at least 1 degree is preferred.Therefore, the established angle of 2 to 8 degree is most preferred, its feasible rain wash effect that can reduce wind load owing to lower angle and realize nature.This solar cell is identical with solar cell among top first embodiment.
Suspension column 22 provides the structure with space 22a.Adjust space 22a and offer along the incline direction of solar module 1, the angle consideration of the cable 9 preliminary intensity (preliminary strength) that collateral security is relevant with wind load during the rapid blast that rises is preferred like this.The lower end of suspension column 22 is fixed to roof surface 4 by pressure sensitive adhesive tape 80, and base track 23 is fixed to the upper end of suspension column 22 by bolt.That is to say that suspension column 22 has the function that base track 23 is fixed to roof surface 4.In addition, to the surfacing of suspension column 22, it is preferred constructing according to the coating of Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS).The surface of the suspension column 22 that pressure sensitive adhesive tape 80 is bonded to influences the long durability of adhesion strength and adhesion strength greatly, and therefore, it is preferred that cleaning outer (clear-coat) is handled.Based on building standard bill, be the adhesion strength that blows afloat (blow-up) load of the whole solar cell system that guarantees to have guaranteed to constitute by solar module 1 and base 2, suspension column 22 must whole be guaranteed by using area number with roof surface 4 bondings to multiply by on the area that suspension column soffit area obtains.In addition, the material of suspension column 22 comprises aluminium, stainless steel, hot-galvanizing template steel and highstrenghtpiston, and this makes it possible to guarantee structural strength and long-term weatherability.Yet, consider that from workability and economic angle aluminium is most preferred.In order to utilize cable 9 to realize the above-mentioned function of falling of preventing, the suspension column 22 that the present invention uses constitutes and has the structure of space 22a.Yet, from be convenient to process, the angle of cost and adhesion strength, the cross section in space is preferably has long base portion and area is 10cm 2Or bigger trapezoidal shape.Yet space of the present invention is not restricted to have the space of this cross section, as an alternative, can be the latch portion that can lock together cable and adhesive tape etc. or groove of upward opening or the like.
On roof surface 4, provide asphalt tanking 41 as waterproofing course.Waterproofing course 41 must be formed on the surface of roof surface securely.By using the butyl cementing agent that the flaggy 42 that is made of PET is bonded on the whole surface of asphalt tanking 41 upper surfaces securely, and be preferred by the formation of plasma treatment.In order to guarantee the adhesion strength of pressure sensitive adhesive tape on roof surface 4, preferably carry out plasma treatment.In addition, the angle of collateral security adhesion strength is considered whether be further processed or do not form not relation of different or extra outermost layer.
Pressure sensitive adhesive tape 80 is made by at least a material of selecting from acrylic acid, fire-resistant acrylic acid and synthetic rubber, and considers from the angle of adhesion strength and weatherability, is preferably made by acrylic acid.In addition, the thickness of pressure sensitive adhesive tape can be selected according to the thickness of base material, for 5mm or still less, but from economical and guarantee that the angle of adhesion strength considers, is preferably 0.8 to 2mm especially.As ideal structure, the suspension column of being made by the aluminium that is extruded moulding 22 is fixedly secured to flaggy 42 by pressure sensitive adhesive tape 80.In the bonding process, must in time surface pressing be applied to pressure sensitive adhesive tape 80.
Below, will describe in detail according to the vegetation of present embodiment and the concrete example of solar cell hybrid system S.
Asphalt tanking 41 is formed on the roof surface 4 of the basic horizontal on the building roof securely, by using the butyl cementing agent to make the flaggy 42 that constitutes by PET be bonded to the entire upper surface of bitumen layer 1 securely, and form outermost layer by plasma treatment.Plasma treatment is used to guarantee the adhesion strength of pressure sensitive adhesive tape 80.
At first, use the thick fire-resistant acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive tape 80 of 1mm, and, be provided with the space passed through for cable 9, be extruded moulding and the aluminum suspension column 22 handled through the cleaning superficies is fixedly secured on the flaggy 42 by pressure sensitive adhesive tape 80.When pressure sensitive adhesive tape 80 is bonded on the roof surface 4, pressure sensitive adhesive tape 80 is bondd by from suspension column 22, applying surface pressing in time.Adjust suspension column 22, its split shed is along the inclined plane direction of solar module 1.In addition, the mask of suspension column 22 contact roof surfaces 4 has 200m 2Bond area, be used to guarantee to guarantee to blow afloat the intensity of load based on building standard bill, its area of 50% is designed effective bond area of making effective contribution as 80 pairs of bondings of pressure sensitive adhesive tape wherein.
Afterwards, base track 23 is fixed to the upper surface of suspension column 22 by bolt.So, if necessary,, will insert between base track 23 and the suspension column 22 as pad by the sheet that hard rubber constitutes in order to alleviate influence that does not land and the parallelism that guarantees base track 23.Afterwards, cable 9 passes the space 22a in the base 22, and its two ends are fixed to the appropriate location of periphery of the planter units 31 that links to each other of the flora 3 that constitutes roof vegetation system 30.Along the length direction of base track 23 four cables have been installed.Afterwards, solar module 1 is banked up on the base track 23.In this concrete example,, and can realize the function that prevents that base from falling in the mode of economy to not influence of waterproofing course.
As further example, after the base track being fixed to suspension column 22, cable 9 is penetrated before the 22a of space by bolt, the pressure-sensitive adhesive that passes the space 22a of part suspension column 22 is taken the lead 81 two ends and preferably is fixed to roof surface 4 by bonding.Thereby, do not influence waterproofing course, and realize preventing the function that base falls economically.Pressure sensitive adhesive tape 81 is the bands that are made of at least a material of selecting from acrylic acid, fire-resistant acrylic acid and synthetic rubber, is coated with butyl or epoxy radicals binding material etc. on the one end.In addition, can use by pressure sensitive adhesive tape or binding material are adhered to and aluminize or the material at the two ends of a side of the metal sheet of hot-galvanizing.In addition, replacing the use of the adhesive tape of cable also is preferred exemplary.
The present invention who describes in detail above can prevent to generate and hinder solar cell system and flora being installed in together the solar cell energy that is caused by floral shade in vegetation on the same roof surface and the solar cell hybrid system.
The flora cultivation obstacle that is caused by the solar cell shade can be prevented from.
And the present invention can provide the low-cost base that can solve the blast problem that produces by ventilating in the direction of base side.

Claims (26)

1. the hybrid system of vegetation and solar cell, wherein solar cell system and flora are arranged on the same roof surface together, wherein, the average height of the described roof surface of the optical receiving surface of solar module distance is greater than described floral average height
When the average height of the described roof surface of described flora distance is a, the average height of the described roof surface of described solar module distance is b, and the projector distance between hithermost described flora and the described solar module satisfies following formula when being c:
c≥b-a 。
2. the hybrid system of vegetation according to claim 1 and solar cell, wherein, thermal insulation material and/or material which can retain moisture be laid between hithermost described flora and the described solar module, with and/or described solar module between and/or between the described flora.
3. the hybrid system of vegetation according to claim 2 and solar cell, wherein, described thermal insulation material is the caking property moulded parts, has the space between the surface of described roof surface and described thermal insulation material.
4. the hybrid system of vegetation according to claim 2 and solar cell, wherein, described material which can retain moisture is earth, sand and composition thereof.
5. according to any one the described vegetation in the claim 1 to 4 and the hybrid system of solar cell, wherein, described flora is shrub and/or grass.
6. the hybrid system of vegetation according to claim 1 and solar cell, wherein, described system comprises people zone ambulatory between at least one pair of relative described flora and described solar cell system.
7. the hybrid system of vegetation according to claim 6 and solar cell, wherein, thermal insulation material is laid in the people described zone ambulatory.
8. the hybrid system of vegetation according to claim 7 and solar cell, wherein, described thermal insulation material is the caking property moulded parts with earth, sand and composition thereof, has the space between the surface of described roof surface and described thermal insulation material.
9. the hybrid system of vegetation according to claim 8 and solar cell, wherein, the height of the described roof surface of described thermal insulation material distance is less than the height of described solar module.
10. the hybrid system of vegetation according to claim 1 and solar cell, wherein, described solar cell system obtains by a base being installed and a solar module being fixed on the described base, wherein, the side of described at least flora and described base is quite adjacent each other.
11. the hybrid system of vegetation according to claim 10 and solar cell, wherein, described floral average height is less than the average height of the optical receiving surface of described solar cell, and described flora covered described base side the permission draught area half or more.
12. the hybrid system of vegetation according to claim 1 and solar cell, wherein, thermal insulation material is laid between contiguous flora and the solar module and/or between the described solar module and/or between the described flora, the height of the described roof surface of described thermal insulation material distance is less than the height of described solar module, and described thermal insulation material covered described solar cell system the permission draught area half or more.
13. the hybrid system of vegetation according to claim 1 and solar cell, wherein, material which can retain moisture is laid between contiguous flora and the solar module and/or between the described solar module and/or between the described flora, the height of the described roof surface of described material which can retain moisture distance is less than the height of described solar module, and described material which can retain moisture covered described solar cell system the permission draught area half or more.
14. the hybrid system of vegetation according to claim 1 and solar cell, wherein, described solar cell system is provided for keeping in the both sides at least of described plate-shaped solar battery a framework of described solar cell, and described roof surface and described framework engage by the pressure-sensitive adhesive material.
15. the hybrid system of vegetation according to claim 1 and solar cell, wherein, described solar cell system is provided for keeping a framework and a base of described solar cell, described framework is fixed on the described base in the both sides at least of described plate-shaped solar battery, and described roof surface and described base engage by the pressure-sensitive adhesive material.
16. according to the hybrid system of claim 14 or 15 described vegetation and solar cell, wherein, described pressure-sensitive adhesive material is arranged on the both sides of base material.
17. according to the hybrid system of claim 14 or 15 described vegetation and solar cell, wherein, the Main Ingredients and Appearance of described pressure-sensitive adhesive material is butyl resin or acrylic resin.
18. the hybrid system of vegetation according to claim 1 and solar cell, wherein, in described solar cell system, be provided for described solar module is fixed to a base of described roof surface, described base is fixed to described roof surface by pressure sensitive adhesive tape, and utilizing cable to prevent that this base from falling, described cable is set up by being parallel to described roof surface and is present in a space in the described base.
19. the hybrid system of vegetation according to claim 18 and solar cell, wherein, the two ends of described cable are fixed on the heavy load on the described roof surface.
20. vegetation according to claim 19 and solar cell hybrid system, wherein, described heavy load is to constitute described floral one kind to plant the unit.
21. according to claim 19 or 20 described vegetation and solar cell hybrid system, wherein, after described base is fixed to described roof surface by pressure sensitive adhesive tape, described cable is introduced in the described space in the described base, and the two ends of described cable are fixed to described heavy load.
22. the hybrid system of vegetation according to claim 1 and solar cell, wherein, in described solar cell system, be provided for described solar module is fixed to a base of described roof surface, described base is fixed to described roof surface by pressure sensitive adhesive tape, and utilize adhesive tape to prevent that this base from falling, and described adhesive tape is introduced in the space that is present in the described base.
23. the hybrid system of vegetation according to claim 22 and solar cell, wherein, the two ends of described adhesive tape are fixed to described roof surface by bonding.
24. hybrid system according to claim 22 or 23 described vegetation and solar cell, wherein, after described base is fixed to described roof surface by pressure sensitive adhesive tape, described adhesive tape is introduced in the described space in the described base, and the two ends of described adhesive tape are fixed to described roof surface by bonding.
25., wherein, bring by the described bonding of passing the described space that is present in the described base to prevent that described base from falling according to the hybrid system of any one described vegetation and solar cell in the claim 18 to 20.
26. the hybrid system of vegetation according to claim 25 and solar cell, wherein, after described base is fixed to described roof surface by pressure sensitive adhesive tape, described adhesive tape is introduced in the described space in the described base, the two ends of described adhesive tape are fixed to described roof surface by bonding, described cable is introduced in the described space in the described base, and the two ends of described cable are fixed to described heavy load.
CNB2004800109757A 2003-04-23 2004-04-21 Complex system of vegetation and solar cell Expired - Fee Related CN100416015C (en)

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