CN100409095C - 电泳显示装置 - Google Patents

电泳显示装置 Download PDF

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CN100409095C
CN100409095C CNB028006348A CN02800634A CN100409095C CN 100409095 C CN100409095 C CN 100409095C CN B028006348 A CNB028006348 A CN B028006348A CN 02800634 A CN02800634 A CN 02800634A CN 100409095 C CN100409095 C CN 100409095C
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display apparatus
electrode
electrophoretic display
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CN1459046A (zh
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M·T·约翰森
D·K·G·德贝尔
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    • G09G3/344—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on particles moving in a fluid or in a gas, e.g. electrophoretic devices
    • G09G3/3446—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on particles moving in a fluid or in a gas, e.g. electrophoretic devices with more than two electrodes controlling the modulating element

Abstract

在电泳显示器中，除了用于双稳态操作的传统电极(6、7)以外，通过引入另一个电极(6′)实现了灰度值。

Description

电泳显示装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电泳显示装置，其包括至少一个象素，所述象素带有电泳介质和两个转换电极，以及借此象素可以被带到不同光学状态的驱动装置。在这个应用中提到转换电极的地方，如果需要的话，它可以被分成多个子电极，所述子电极或者通过外部或者经由转换元件由同一个电压来供电。
背景技术
电泳显示装置是基于在具有不同透射率或反射率的两个极端状态之间的电场影响下带电的通常为彩色的粒子的运动。利用这些显示装置，在亮(彩色)背景上可使暗(彩色的)字符成象，反之亦然。
因此电泳显示装置被显著地使用在接任了纸功能的显示装置，即被称为“白纸”应用(电子报纸，电子日记)中。
在公知的带有位于两个转换电极之间的电泳介质的电泳显示装置中，转换电极由驱动电压来供电。然后，象素可以被专门地带到两个极端的光学状态。然后其中的一个转换电极例如被作为在显示元件较上侧上的两个互连窄导电条而实现。当相对于覆盖显示元件整个底部表面的底电极的这个转换电极两端为正电压时，带电粒子(在这个实例中带负荷)移动向由两个互连窄导电条所限定的电势平面。所述带(负)电的粒子扩展到显示元件(象素)的前表面，所述前表面随后呈现带电粒子的颜色。当相对于底电极的转换电极两端为负电压时，带(负)电的粒子扩展到底表面，以便于显示元件(象素)呈现出液体的颜色。
实际上，存在显示中间光学状态(被称为灰度值)这样日益增加的需要。引入灰度值的公知方法通常不令人满意。例如，电泳显示装置的速度太慢无法经由时间加权的驱动周期引入灰度值(时间比率灰度级)。将象素分割成不同的表面(面积比率灰度级)通常要求不同子象素之间的屏障以便于防止相互串扰。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是处理这个缺点。在根据本发明的一个电泳显示装置中，通过给象素提供至少另一个电极及其用于为所述另一电极供应电压的驱动装置，引入灰度值(中间光学状态)。根据本发明的电泳显示装置包括至少一个象素，所述象素带有电泳介质和两个转换电极，以及驱动装置，借助所述的转换电极和驱动装置可以将象素带到不同的光学状态，其中所述象素包括至少另一个电极以及用于通过一个范围内的不同电压来实现各中间光学状态的驱动装置。
本发明是基于这样的认识，即在显示小室内的电场可以借助于所述另一电极上的电压以这样的方式被影响，即在上述实例中，在相对于底电极的转换电极两端为正电压时的电场线以这样的方式被分布，即带负电的粒子移动向两个电极之间的表面部分。取决于转换电极和另一个(或多个)电极两端的电压，更多或更少的粒子移动向两个电极之间的表面，并且获得不同的中间光学状态(灰度值)。
当设置改变时，为了获得在两个电极之间表面上令人满意的分布，所优选地是事先例如通过在选择之前将象素带到所限定的状态，例如通过给出复位脉冲，如果有必要结合小的交变场组件，均匀地沿着所述两个电极以外的另外一个电极扩展带电粒子。
在第一实施例中，电泳介质存在于两个基片之间，每个基片被提供有一个转换电极，与此同时至少一个基片被提供有另一个电极。然后带电粒子可能存在于基片之间的液体中，但是作为另一选择性可能的是电泳介质存在于微胶囊中。在所述第一种情况下，象素可能被屏障相互间分隔开。
在另一个实施例中，著名地是当使用的是由如“Development ofIn-Plane EPD”SID 2000 Digest，pp.24-27(SID2000摘要第24-27页的“平面内EPD的发展”)所述的横向效应(lateral effect)所构成时，电泳介质存在于两个基片之间，其中的一个基片包括转换电极和另一个电极。
在所优选的实施例中，转换电极为梳子形状且为指状组合型，并且部分所述(绝缘的)另一个电极位于两个转换电极的齿之间。作为另一选择，电泳介质可能存在于如在“New Reflective Display Based onTotal Internal Reflection in Prismatic Microstructures”，Proc.20thIDRC conference，pp.311-314(2000)(第20届IDRC会议录(2000)第311-314页的“基于在棱柱微结构中的全内反射的新型反射式显示器)所述的棱柱状结构中。
参考此后所说明的实施例，从中本发明的这些及其它方法将变得显而易见且将被加以阐述。
附图说明
在所述附图中：
图1示意性地示出一个显示装置，
图2示出根据本发明的电泳显示装置的一个象素，其中已经实现了不同的灰度值(中间光学状态)，
图3示出在根据本发明的电泳显示装置的象素中的电场变化，其用于阐明本发明，
图4示出根据本发明的另一电泳显示装置，其中已经实现不同的灰度值(中间光学状态)，
图5是根据本发明的另一电泳显示装置的部分的平面图，
图6是沿着图5中的VI-VI线所取的横断面，
图7示出根据本发明的另一个电泳显示装置，而
图8示出如何在图8的显示装置中已经实现不同的灰度值(中间光学状态)，以及
图9示出图7的一个变型。
这些图为示意性的且没有按照比例来画；相应的部件通常由相同的参考数字来表示。
具体实施方式
图1示出本发明被应用的显示装置1的一部分的电等效物。它包括在行或选择电极7与列或数据电极6相交区域处的象素10的矩阵。所述1至m行电极通过行驱动器4被连续地选择，而1至n列电极通过数据寄存器5被提供有数据。为此，如果有必要，在处理器10中输入数据2被首先加以处理。行驱动器4和数据寄存器5之间的相互同步化通过驱动线路8发生。
来自行驱动器4和数据寄存器5的驱动信号选择出象素10(被称为无源驱动)。在公知的装置中，列电极6相对于行电极7获取这样的电压，以便于象素在相交区域呈现出两个极端状态中的一个状态(例如，黑色或彩色，取决于液体和电泳粒子的颜色)。
如果需要的话，来自行驱动器4的驱动信号可以经由薄膜晶体管(TFT)来选择画面电极，所述薄膜晶体管的门电极被电连接到行电极7上并且其源电极21被电连接到列电极6上(被称为有源驱动)。在列电极6的信号经由TFT被传递到象素10的被耦合到漏电极的一个画面电极上。象素10的另一个画面电极，例如通过一个(或多个)公共的反电极被连接到例如地。在图1的实例中，这样的TFT9仅针对一个象素10被示意性地示出。
在根据本发明的显示装置中，每个象素被提供有另一电极和用于向所述另一电极提供电压的驱动装置。这在图2中被示出，其中示出被提供有第三电极6′的这种象素的横断面。所述驱动装置包括例如数据寄存器5(及可能地为驱动器的一部分)，以及额外的列电极6′(以及在有源驱动情况下的额外TFT)。
象素10(图2)包括被提供有转换电极7的例如玻璃或合成材料制的第一基片11，以及被提供有转换电极6的第二透明基片12。所述象素被电泳介质例如包含(在这个实例中)带正电黑粒子14的白色悬浮液13所充满。所述象素还被提供有第三电极6′(并且，如果有必要，如上所述带有图2中未示出的驱动装置)，以便于通过所述第三电极两端的电压实现中间光学状态。在这个方面，应该注意到：所述第三电极6′也影响两个极端状态之间的转换行为。如此后将进一步说明的那样，沿着这个电极的电压也影响所述的两个极端状态。
例如，在图2A中，转换电极7被连接到地，而两个电极6、6′被连接到电压+V。黑粒子14(在这个实例中为带正电)移动向处于最低电势的电极，在这个情况下为电极7。从观看方向15观看，现在象素具有液体13的颜色(在这个情况下为白)。在图2B中，转换电极7被连接到地，而两个电极6、6′被连接到电压-V。带正电的黑粒子14移动向最低电势，在这个情况下移动向由电极6、6′所限定的电势平面，其平行于基片12且就沿着基片12的侧面。从观看方向15观看，现在象素具有黑粒子14的颜色。
同样在图2C中，转换电极被连接到地。电极6又被连接到电压-V。然而，同电极7相类似，现在第三电极6′被连接到地。带正电的黑色粒子14移动向最低电势，在这个情况下为电极6周围的区域。如图2D所示，当第三电极6′被连接到电压+V的情况时这尤为强烈。从观看方向15来观看，目前象素仅具有部分黑粒子14的颜色及部分白液体的颜色。由此得到灰色调(在图2C的情况下为深灰且在图2D的情况下为浅灰)。这将参考图3加以解释，其中电极6、6′、7两端6种可能的电压组合的电势线被示出，并且箭头16示意性地示出作用到粒子14上的电力方向。
因为粒子不可能保持定位于基片上，例如因为在液体中的运动，所以有利的是给它提供一个粘附层。
限制液体运动的另一可能性是使用如在“Micro-encapsulatedElectrophoretic Materials for Electronic Paper Display”，20thIDRC conference，pp.84-87(2000)(第20届IDRC大会(2000)第84-87页的“用于电子纸显示器的微胶囊的电泳材料”)所述的微胶囊。电泳介质，即包含带正电粒子14的液体13目前存在于在透明基片18内的微胶囊17里(见图4)。
在图4A中，转换电极再次被连接到地(0V)，而电极6、6′又被连接到电压+V。带正电的黑粒子14移动向处于最低电势的电极，在这个情况下为电极7，即移动向微胶囊17的最低部分。从观看方向15观看，象素又具有液体13的颜色。在图4B中，转换电极7被连接到地，而两个电极6、6′被连接到电压-V。从观看方向15观看，目前象素具有黑粒子14的颜色。
同样在图4C中，转换电极7被连接到地。电极6再次被连接到电压-V。然而，同电极7相类似，第三电极6′目前被连接到地。带正电的黑色粒子14移动向最低电势，在这种情况下移动向电极6且最终大部分存在于微胶囊17的较上部分。从观看方向15观看，目前象素具有深灰色的颜色。当第三电极6′被连接到电压+V时，如图4D所示，粒子14最终沿着微胶囊17的边缘存在。目前象素具有浅灰色。
在图5的显示装置中，转换电极6、7及第三电极6′存在于同一基片11上，而第三电极通过电介质材料的层18与转换电极相隔离。在这个实例中，转换电极6、7为梳子形状且为交叉指型，并且第三电极6′的部分位于两个转换电极的齿之间。没有必要严格地限定齿形。同样两个转换电极6、7之间的横向场(lateral field)不令人满意。然后图6中所示的横断面可以既描述图5中显示装置的一个完整象素又可描述此象素的一部分。同在图2、3中所示例的方式相同，具有附带的不同灰度值的各种电场配置可以被再次引入。为了防止属于两个象素的粒子14出现混合，可以提供壁或屏障19。当多个颜色被采用时，经常要求提供这些壁或屏障(或者通过或不通过象素的全部高度)。
电泳介质也可以存在于如在“New Reflective Display Based onTotal Internal Reflection in Prismatic Microstructures”，Proc.20thIDRC conference，pp.311-314(2000)(第20届IDRC会议录(2000)第311-314页的“基于在棱柱微结构中的全内反射的新型反射式显示器)所述的棱柱状结构中。这在图7、8中被示出。公知的装置包括空心(例如玻璃)三角形重复结构(在这个实例中)的棱柱状结构，所述空心三角形包括含有带正电粒子的液体13。取决于电极6、7两端的电压，带正电的粒子存在于金属的(底)电极上或者在ITO(顶)电极6上。在所述第一种情况下，入射束经历在玻璃-液体界面上的全反射且被反射(箭头a)。在第二种情况下，入射束被吸收在玻璃-液体界面(箭头b)上。
通过再次引入第三电极6′，与图2和4的实例中相类似，具有附带的不同灰度值的各种电场配置可以被再次引入。当光吸收的带正电粒子14被用于液体13时，配置8A、8B、8C和8D对应于白色、黑色、深灰色和浅灰色等颜色。通过引入另一电极6″，借助于被供有不同电压的电极6′、6″，可以实现中间的灰度值(见图8E)。
本发明当然并不局限于上述的实例。例如，在上述实例中获得四个可能的灰色调。显然的是：在变化电压下可以显示出多个灰色调，并且在模拟方式下可以实现全部灰度级。图8的棱柱状结构形状的若干变化，如在图9中通过实例方法以横断面示意性示出的屋顶形状、球形或圆柱形结构也是可能的。作为另一选择，液体13可以充有包含白TiO2粒子14的黑墨水。为了防止象素之间的串扰，象素应该尽可能多地彼此电屏蔽。通过提供具有非常高电介质常数的壁或者通过导电壁，这可以被实现。
作为另一选择，一个或多个所述可能性的组合在实际上是可行的。
本发明的保护范围并不局限于所说明的实施例。
本发明在于其每个新颖的特征性特性和特征性特性的每个组合。在权利要求中的参考数字并不限制它们的保护范围。动词“to comprise”(包括)及其动词变化的使用并不排除除了权利要求中所陈述的那些元件之外的元件的存在。在元件之前冠词“a”或“an”(一个)的使用并不排除多个这样元件的存在。

Claims (11)

1. 一种电泳显示装置(1)，包括至少一个象素(10)，所述象素(10)带有电泳介质(13，14)和两个转换电极(6，7)，以及驱动装置(4，5)，借助所述的转换电极和驱动装置可以将象素带到不同的光学状态，其中所述象素包括至少另一个电极(61)以及用于通过一个范围内的不同电压来实现各中间光学状态的驱动装置(5，61)。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的电泳显示装置，其中所述显示装置包括用于在选择之前将所述象素带到限定状态的装置。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的电泳显示装置，其中所述电泳介质存在于两个基片(11，12)之间，所述每个基片包括一个转换电极(6，7)，至少一个所述基片被提供有另一个电极(61)。
4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电泳显示装置，其中所述电泳介质存在于微胶囊(17)中。
5. 根据权利要求1或3所述的电泳显示装置，其中所述象素相互间被屏障分隔开。
6. 根据权利要求1所述的电泳显示装置，其中所述的电泳介质存在于两个基片之间，其中的一个基片(11)包括所述转换电极(6，7)和所述另一个电极(61)。
7. 根据权利要求3或6所述的电泳显示装置，其中所述转换电极(6，7)为梳子形状且为交叉指型。
8. 根据权利要求3或6所述的电泳显示装置，其中所述另一个电极通过电介质材料层(18)与所述转换电极分隔开。
9. 根据权利要求7所述的电泳显示装置，其中所述另一个电极的各部分位于所述两个转换电极的齿之间。
10. 根据权利要求1所述的电泳显示装置，其中所述的电泳介质存在于棱柱状结构中。
11. 根据权利要求10所述的电泳显示装置，其中所述棱柱状结构在接近其底座处被提供所述两个转换电极，并且所述另一个电极位于接近所述棱柱状结构的顶部。
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ATE332516T1 (de) 2006-07-15
WO2004066252A1 (en) 2004-08-05
WO2002073304A2 (en) 2002-09-19
JP4260482B2 (ja) 2009-04-30
WO2003100515A1 (en) 2003-12-04
DE60212945T2 (de) 2007-02-22
EP1370904B1 (en) 2006-07-05
KR20020093986A (ko) 2002-12-16
EP1370904A2 (en) 2003-12-17
US7439948B2 (en) 2008-10-21
WO2002073304A3 (en) 2002-11-21
US20040036951A1 (en) 2004-02-26
JP2004519727A (ja) 2004-07-02
DE60212945D1 (de) 2006-08-17

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