CN100406515C - 倒装芯片系统及其制备方法 - Google Patents
倒装芯片系统及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100406515C CN100406515C CNB2003801023246A CN200380102324A CN100406515C CN 100406515 C CN100406515 C CN 100406515C CN B2003801023246 A CNB2003801023246 A CN B2003801023246A CN 200380102324 A CN200380102324 A CN 200380102324A CN 100406515 C CN100406515 C CN 100406515C
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于芯片封装底部填充的系统,该系统包括底部填料混合物,这种底部填料混合物改善了在封装的管芯和树脂浸渍的玻璃纤维安装衬底之间通常存在的热膨胀系数(CTE)失配。在一个实施方案中,该系统包括一种底部填料混合物,该底部填料混合物独自表现出的CTE是此前公知的无机填充底部填料复合物的特性。一个实施方案还涉及使用底部填料混合物的倒装芯片组件。
Description
技术领域
本发明的实施方案涉及被封装的半导体管芯(die),所述管芯具有集成电路。更具体地,实施方案涉及使用底部填料(underfill)混合物将被封装的管芯结合到板上,该底部填料混合物包括类似于颗粒填充的底部填料复合物的性能。
背景技术
倒装芯片技术在本领域中是公知的,用于将管芯(以下称为“芯片”或“倒装芯片”)电气连接到比如印刷线路板的安装衬底上。
管芯的有源(active)表面具有许多的电耦合,它们通常通向芯片的边缘。管芯的有源表面发热显著,芯片的有源表面也因此发热显著。在倒装芯片的有源表面上沉积作为端子的电连接,其称呼不一,可以是球、凸起(bump)等。凸起包括焊料和/或塑料,所述焊料和/或塑料与衬底进行机械连接和电气耦合。芯片在安装衬底上被翻转过来(因此称为“倒装芯片”),凸起与安装衬底上的结合盘(bonding pad)对齐。如果凸起是焊料凸起,那么倒装芯片上的焊料凸起被焊接到衬底上的结合盘。在倒装芯片的有源表面和安装衬底之间存在一定间隙(gap)。
一个电子器件除其他部件外,还包括倒装芯片和安装衬底。倒装芯片技术的一个特点就是在器件的温度循环期间在焊接接头上有剪切应力。该剪切应力部分由于倒装芯片和安装衬底的热膨胀系数(CTE)之间存在差异。管芯材料(比如硅、锗和砷化镓)连同它们的封装材料,CTE可以在约3ppm/℃到约6ppm/℃范围内。安装衬底通常是有机浸渍(organic-impregnated)玻璃纤维电介质和金属电路的复合物。这些衬底的CTE可以在约15ppm/℃到约25ppm/℃范围内。因此,在倒装芯片和安装衬底之间存在CTE失配。
为了减少热循环期间由于应力导致的焊接接头的失效,通过使用底部填料复合物来填充倒装芯片和安装衬底之间以及焊接接头附近的空间来增强焊接接头。通常用来底部填充倒装芯片的两种主要的方法包括毛细底部填充方法和无流动底部填充方法。
毛细底部填充方法一般首先将倒装芯片上的焊料凸起与衬底上的盘(pad)对齐,然后将焊料回流来形成焊接接头。形成互连以后,使底部填料在倒装芯片和安装衬底之间流动。然后,使底部填料复合物固化。通过在倒装芯片和安装衬底之间泵送底部填料复合物或者在倒装芯片和安装衬底之间真空辅助吸入(draw)底部填料复合物,可以有助于毛细底部填充(capillary underfilling)。
底部填料复合物的有效性取决于它的化学、物理和机械性能。使底部填料复合物成为所期望的材料的性能包括:低CTE、低吸湿性(moisture uptake)、高附着性、高韧性、高玻璃化转变(Tg)温度、高热变形温度等。底部填料复合物包括微粒填充料无机物,比如硅石或类似物以及金属薄片或类似物。微粒填充料增加了模量,并且作为倒装芯片和安装衬底之间的失配CTE的CTE中间物。硅石填充复合物的一个实施例是基于环氧树脂的硅石填充有机物。但是,包括硅石填充复合物等的毛细底部填充方法具有一定技术上的挑战:繁杂、昂贵、对工艺规则和芯片大小和形状敏感。例如,底部填料复合物中的微粒填充料使得在倒装芯片有源表面和安装衬底上表面之间的流动性降低。而且,倒装芯片和安装衬底之间不断减小的节距(pitch)和不断减小的间距(spacing)也阻碍了在电凸起附近的流动。
无流动底部填充方法避免了毛细流动底部填充方法中的某些挑战。在无流动底部填充方法中,底部填料复合物被分配到安装衬底或倒装芯片上,并且使倒装芯片和安装衬底接触。芯片上的焊接凸起与衬底上的盘相对齐。接下来,将焊料回流以在创建焊接接头之前或与之基本同时将底部填料复合物固化。
无流动底部填充方法也具有技术上的挑战。无流动底部填充材料也必须制成添加了硅石填充料等的复合物。硅石填充料降低了凸起互连的合格率(yield),因为填充料被沉积在凸起和盘之间,使得不能实现电气连接。
附图说明
为了理解实现本发明实施方案的方式,通过参考所附的附图,将给出上面简述的本发明各个实施方案更加具体的描述。应该理解,这些附图描绘的仅仅是本发明典型的实施方案,这些实施方案不一定是按比例绘制的,并因此不能认为是对本发明范围的限定。通过使用附图,将对具有其他特性和细节的本发明的实施方案进行描述和解释,其中:
图1A是根据实施方案在底部填充过程中的封装的横截面视图;
图1B是图1A所述的封装在进一步处理之后的横截面视图;
图1C是图1B所示的封装在进一步处理之后的横截面视图;
图1D是图1C所示的封装在进一步处理之后的横截面视图;
图2A是根据实施方案在无流动底部填充过程中的封装的横截面视图;
图2B是图2A所述的封装在进一步处理之后的横截面视图;
图2C是图2B所示的封装在进一步处理之后的横截面视图;
图2D是图2C所示的封装在进一步处理之后的横截面视图;
图3A是描述封装方法的实施方案的流程图;以及
图3B是描述另一个封装方法的实施方案的流程图。
具体实施方式
一个实施方案涉及一种系统,该系统包括倒装芯片、安装衬底以及底部填充混合物,该底部填充混合物除其他性能外,还呈现这样的热膨胀系数(CTE),即该CTE是此前公知的无机填充底部填料复合物的特性。该底部填充混合物包括主要(principal)底部填料组合物,其选自超环氧乙烷(superoxiranes)、苯并环丁烷,它们的组合,以及将根据各个实施方案进一步描述的其他成分。
一个实施方案包括组装倒装芯片和安装衬底的方法。
下面的描述中包括这样的术语,比如“上”、“下”、“第一”、“第二”等,它们仅用于描述目的,而不能解释为限定。本文所描述的本发明的器件或制品的实施方案可以多种位置和方位进行制造、使用或运输。术语“管芯”和“处理器”通常指作为基本工件的物理对象,它由各个加工操作转变为所期望的集成电路器件。管芯通常从晶片单个分离(singulated)出来,晶片可以是由半导体的、非半导体的、或半导体和非半导体的组合的材料构成。如本文所使用的术语“芯片”是指已经封装在有机的、无机的、或有机和无机组合的壳内的管芯。“板”通常指作为芯片安装衬底的树脂浸渍玻璃纤维结构。
图1A是根据实施方案在底部填充过程中的封装的横截面视图。在图1中,所描述的封装100处于毛细底部填充过程中。封装100包括附着于倒装芯片112的焊料凸起110。倒装芯片112的电气耦合是通过设置于安装衬底116上的结合盘114来完成的。
图1B是图1A所示的封装在进一步处理之后的横截面视图。在图1B中,倒装芯片112和安装衬底116被对齐并组合在一起。接下来,对焊料凸起118进行回流。经回流的焊料凸起118如图所示,倒装芯片组件120包括以所描述的方式结合的倒装芯片112和安装衬底116。
图1C是图1B所示的封装在进一步处理之后的横截面视图。根据实施方案的底部填料混合物122在这样的条件下被施加到倒装芯片组件120:即在倒装芯片112和安装衬底116之间产生底部填料混合物的毛细吸附作用。底部填料混合物122根据不同的实施方案可具有独特的配方,并且将在下文更加详细地进行说明。
图1D是图1C所示的封装在进一步处理之后的横截面视图。进行固化处理来获得芯片封装124。该固化处理是根据具体实施方案来进行的。在一个实施方案中,固化混合物是通过自催化处理来进行的。在一个实施方案中,自催化处理是通过在底部填料122中提供活性稀释剂来进行的。在另外的实施方案中,固化处理是通过添加剂催化固化处理。该添加剂催化固化处理包括比如金属催化剂粉末的添加剂,该添加剂使底部填充混合物122固化。在另外的实施方案中,进行了交联/硬化处理来固化底部填充混合物122。这里,阐述了具体交联剂/硬化剂组合物的实施例。在另外的实施方案中,进行的是热固化固化处理。通常,一些固化处理实施方案需要热处理的辅助。但是,在一些实施方案中,比如使用液晶热固化单体时,热固化处理可以在没有其他固化剂处理的情形下进行。
图2A是根据实施方案在无流动底部填充过程中的封装200的横截面视图。封装200包括被附着到倒装芯片212上的焊料凸起210。倒装芯片212的电耦合是通过设置在安装衬底216上的结合盘214来完成的。
图2B是图2A所示的封装200在进一步处理之后的横截面视图。根据实施方案的底部填料混合物222或施加到倒装芯片212上,或施加到安装衬底216上。在图2B中,底部填料混合物222如图所示被沉积在安装衬底216上,虽然它也可以沉积在倒装芯片212上(图2A)。根据不同的实施方案,底部填料混合物222可具有独特的配方,并将在下面更加详细地说明。
图2C是图2B所示的封装200在进一步处理之后的横截面视图。接下来,倒装芯片212和安装衬底216被对齐和组合在一起,来形成倒装芯片组件220,该倒装芯片组件220包括未固化的底部填料混合物222和尚未回流的焊料凸起210。
图2D是图2C所示的倒装芯片组件220在进一步处理之后放大的横截面视图。进行固化处理来获得芯片封装224。该固化处理时根据具体实施方案来进行的。在一个实施方案中,在固化之后,将焊盘上的焊料凸起210(图2C)回流在结合盘214上来形成经回流的焊料凸起218。在另外的实施方案中,固化和回流是几乎同时进行的。如在图1C和图1D所示的实施方案中,固化可以通过各种处理途径来进行,包括自催化、添加剂催化剂、稀释剂交联/硬化、热固化、以及它们的组合。
根据实施方案,焊料凸起110和210包括本领域正在开发的基本上无铅的焊料技术。在另外的实施方案中,焊料凸起110和210是含铅的焊料。采用“基本上无铅的焊料”,这意味着根据行业趋势,所设计的焊料不含铅。
含铅焊料的一个实施例是锡铅焊料。在所选择的实施方案中,含铅焊料是比如Sn97Pb的锡铅焊料组合物。可使用的锡铅焊料组合物或者是Sn37Pb组合物。无论如何,含铅焊料可以是组成为SnxPby的锡铅焊料,其中x+y之和为1,x的范围为约0.3到约0.99。在一个实施方案中,含铅焊料是Sn97Pb锡铅焊料组合物。在另外的实施方案中,含铅焊料是Sn37Pb锡铅焊料组合物。
在一个实施方案中,基本上无铅的焊料是本领域已知的Sn90-98Ag10-2Cu2-0焊料。具体地说,一种这样的组合物是Sn97Ag2.5Cu0.5。
底部填料配方
一个实施方案涉及获得底部填料混合物,该底部填料混合物具有此前已知的底部填料复合物的物理性质,该此前已知的底部填料复合物包括了无机颗粒。该此前公知的底部填料复合物的热膨胀系数(CTE)在芯片和板的CTE值之间。因此,某些实施方案包括具有一定范围的组合物及组合的底部填料混合物,只要它们具备此前已知的底部填料组合物的最低限度整体物理性质即可。
底部填料混合物的一些期望的性能包括:高模量、在分配到芯片和/或衬底上时的低粘性、低CTE、以及固化后对界面的良好附着性,使得在器件测试和现场使用时在界面处不会出现分层。底部填料混合物其他一些期望的性能包括高玻璃化转变(Tg)温度以及低吸湿性。
根据不同的实施方案,主要底部填料组合物包括超环氧乙烷、苯并环丁烷及它们的组合中至少一种。
添加剂材料
本发明包括添加剂材料以及主要底部填料组合物。根据本文所述的实施方案,添加剂材料和主要底部填料组合物构成了的“底部填料混合物”。
根据实施方案的一种添加剂材料是弹性体,用来赋予主要底部填料组合物弹性。根据实施方案另一种添加剂材料是硬化剂/交联剂。所采用的具体硬化剂/交联剂将取决于与主要底部填料组合物的相容性。硬化剂/交联剂本质上可以是芳族的和脂族的。在一个实施方案中,硬化剂/交联剂是酸酐组合物。在另一个实施方案中,硬化剂/交联剂是胺。
根据实施方案的另一种添加剂材料是催化剂。所采用的具体催化剂将取决于与主要底部填料组合物的相容性。根据实施方案用于上述主要底部填料组合物的某些催化剂包括咪唑(imidizole)及其衍生物、胺和三苯基膦。适当的酸酐硬化剂包括纳迪克酸酐(nadicanhydride)、甲基环己酸酐(methyl cyclohexy anhydride)、邻苯二甲酸酐(pthalic anhydride)等。其他适当的实施例包括亚甲基二胺(methylene diamine)、二氨二苯砜或诸如此类。
根据实施方案的另一种添加剂材料是活性稀释剂。所采用的具体活性稀释剂将取决于与主要底部填料组合物的相容性。由于处理实施方案具有结合和密封的本质,因此活性稀释剂将反应和/或溶解到最终的底部填料混合物中,而不是挥发掉了。根据本发明实施方案的用于上述主要底部填料化合物的活性稀释剂包括其他低粘度的环氧单体,比如联苯环氧(Bi-phenyl epoxy)、双酚A环氧、双酚F环氧,或诸如此类。其他的环氧包括苯基缩水甘油醚、壬基苯基缩水甘油醚、对丁基苯基缩水甘油醚、烷基C8-C14缩水甘油醚、脂环族环氧及诸如此类。
根据实施方案的另一种添加剂材料是附着增进剂(adhesion promoter)。所采用的具体附着增进剂将取决于与主要底部填料组合物的相容性。可以被添加到上述底部填料组合物中的附着增进剂包括有机物和无机物的组合。在一个实施方案中,硅烷偶联剂被用作附着增进剂。在另一个实施方案中,有机-锆酸盐(ziconate)组合物被用作附着增进剂。在一个实施方案中,有机-钛酸盐组合物被用作附着增进剂。
根据实施方案的另一种添加剂材料是比如表面活性剂的流动改性剂。所采用的具体流动改性剂将取决于与主要底部填料组合物的相容性。表面活性剂需要比如与主要底部填料组合物的相容性这样的性质。在一个实施方案中,表面活性剂是阴离子性的,比如长链烷基羧酸,例如月桂酸、硬脂酸(steric acid),或诸如此类。在另一个实施方案中,表面活性剂是非离子性的。非离子性表面活性剂的实施例有聚环氧乙烷(polyethtlene oxides)、聚环氧丙烷,或诸如此类。在另一个实施方案中,表面活性剂是阳离子性的,比如烷基铵盐,例如氯化叔丁基铵,或氢氧化物。
根据实施方案的另一种添加剂材料是变形剂(deforming agent)。所采用的具体变形剂将取决于与主要底部填料组合物的相容性。变形剂也称为增塑剂。
根据实施方案的另一种添加剂材料是助熔剂。根据实施方案,助熔剂主要用在无流动底部填料材料应用中,它包括能够溶解于基础树脂与交联剂的混合物的酸。一种助熔剂类型包括有机羧酸及诸如此类。另一种助熔剂类型包括聚合物助熔剂及诸如此类。助熔剂的实施例可以是任何含有羟基(-OH)或羧基(-COOH)或二者的化学物质,比如,甘油、乙二醇、酒石酸、己二酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、美里克酸(meilic acid)、戊二酸。
根据实施方案的另一种添加剂材料是增韧剂。增韧剂使底部填充混合物可以抵抗裂纹扩展。在一个实施方案中,弹性体被用作增韧剂。所采用来增韧基体的具体弹性体将取决于与主要底部填料组合物的相容性。例如,一种随同环氧官能化组合物使用的弹性体是端羧基聚丁二烯丙烯腈(CTBN)。CTBN是一族用于环氧的弹性体添加剂的总称,其中主要的弹性体是官能化的丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物。这些弹性体可以用作环氧、羧基、氨基和乙烯基端官能(terminal functionalities)。也可以使用其他与给定底部填料组合物相容的弹性体。
根据实施方案的另一种添加剂材料是无机填料。可以有选择性地添加到底部填料混合物中的无机填料颗粒主要包括多种元素的氧化物,比如,氧化硅、氧化铝等。其他无机填料颗粒包括氮化物,比如,氮化硅,和诸如此类。其他无机填料颗粒包括导电材料,比如石墨、金刚石,及诸如此类。在添加时底部填充混合物被称为“底部填料复合物”更为恰当些,因为它像现有技术那样具有无机填料颗粒,但是它包括根据各个实施方案的主要底部填料组合物。与大多数其他实施方案不同,底部填料组合物实施方案包括不只一种相的物质。为了本文公开的需要,底部填料混合物可以是如本文所定义的复合物。如果底部填充混合物被称为“单相材料”,那么这指没有填料颗粒,而非指具有多种添加剂材料等的主要底部填料组合物的固溶体均匀性的程度。
主要底部填料组合物和底部填料混合物
如上所述,主要底部填料组合物包括多个实施方案以及它们的等同方案。下面对多个主要底部填料组合物的非限制性讨论涉及:超环氧乙烷、苯并环丁烷以及其他对低CTE的底部填料混合物或复合物有贡献的物质。其他组合物也可以被选择来赋予底部填料混合物或底部填料复合物类似的最终性能。
超环氧乙烷树脂
在第一个总体性的实施方案中,超环氧乙烷树脂被用作主要底部填料混合物。超环氧乙烷树脂的一个实施例具有如下的结构:
注意,该超环氧乙烷树脂的这个实施例已经由环氧官能团官能化。在一个实施方案中,环氧官能化的超环氧乙烷树脂被官能化的范围是约5到约200。在另一个实施方案中,环氧官能化的超环氧乙烷树脂被官能化的范围是约8到约100。在另一个实施方案中,环氧官能化的超环氧乙烷树脂被官能化的范围是约16到约64。
在一个实施方案中,在进行官能化之前,超环氧乙烷先与其他单体混合。例如,超环氧乙烷被制备作为环氧单体,它与比如联苯环氧或诸如此类的单体混合。在另一个实施方案中,超环氧乙烷被制备作为环氧单体,它与其他单体混合,比如双酚A环氧、双酚F环氧、它们的混合物,或诸如此类。在另一个实施方案中,超环氧乙烷被制备作为环氧单体,它与比如脂环族环氧或诸如此类的单体混合。
下面是环氧官能化的超环氧乙烷混合物的实施方案,根据方法实施方案对它们进行处理。
实施例1
在实施例1中,请参考图1A-1D。倒装芯片112与安装衬底116对齐,焊料凸起110根据已知的技术被回流。将底部填料混合物122被馈送到倒装芯片112的边缘,并且底部填料混合物122在毛细作用下流动以填充倒装芯片112和安装衬底116之间的空隙。然后,底部填料混合物122通过热处理固化。该实施例中底部填料混合物122包括如上所述的环氧乙烷(oxirane)官能化的超环氧乙烷树脂。此外,官能化的超环氧乙烷与占混合物约40wt%的低粘度双酚F环氧混合,与占混合物约4wt%的2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑硬化剂/交联剂共混(blended)。
实施例2
在实施例1的第一可替换方式中,制备了同样的超环氧乙烷体系,使用占混合物约0.4wt%的环氧硅烷附着增进剂,以及混合物约0.2wt%的基于二胺的聚氧乙烯/聚氧丙烯流动改性剂。
实施例3
实施例1的第二可替换方式中,制备了同样的超环氧乙烷体系,混合物包括占混合物约40wt%的熔融石英的至少一种的无机颗粒,以包含底部填料复合物。
实施例4
在另一种实施方案中(实施例4)中,依照图2A-2D所述的方法进行。制备无溶剂的底部填料混合物222,并将其沉积在安装衬底216上。倒装芯片212和安装衬底216对齐并组合在一起。底部填料混合物222首先由热处理固化,此后凸起210根据已知的技术被回流。在该实施例中,底部填料混合物222中的超环氧乙烷与实施例2中所使用的相同。此外,上述官能化的超环氧乙烷与占混合物约4wt%的2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑硬化剂/交联剂,以及占混合物约2.5wt%的戊二酸助熔剂共混。
实施例5
在实施例4的可替换方式中,制备了同样的超环氧乙烷,具有占混合物约0.4wt%的环氧硅烷附着增进剂以及占混合物约0.2wt%的基于二胺的聚氧乙烯/聚氧丙烯流动改性剂
实施例6
实施例3的第二可替换方式中,制备了同样的超环氧乙烷体系,混合物包括占混合物约40wt%的硅石无机颗粒,以包含底部填料复合物。
通常,基于超环氧乙烷的底部填充材料如此固化:将该底部填充材料置于至少约160℃到至多220℃的温度下,时间为0.5小时到4小时。
一旦固化后,含超环氧乙烷的底部填料混合物呈现出一定的性能组合,该性能组合使得该材料相对于现有技术的底部填料组合物有改进。这些性能包括低CTE、高Tg、高模量、低吸湿性、高热变形温度、高延伸率和低体积收缩性。
性能 | 纯超环氧乙烷树脂固化后的典型值 | 含添加剂的超环氧乙烷固化后的典型值 |
CTE(PPM/℃) | 33 | 20-50 |
Tg(℃) | 280 | 160-330 |
弹性模量(MPa) | 5800 | 4000-12000 |
弹性强度(MPa) | 11.7 | >11.7 |
吸湿性 | 0.95% | 0.1%-1.0% |
延伸率 | 3.1% | 2%-4% |
苯并环丁烯树脂
在第二总体性实施方案中,本发明提供了包括苯并环丁烯(BCB)树脂的主要底部填料材料。BCB树脂有时被称为cyclotene。BCB树脂是由二乙烯基硅氧烷二苯并环丁烯(BCB单体)聚合的低聚物或聚合物。该BCB单体的化学结构如下所示:
当加热时,该BCB单体的苯并环丁烯基团与相邻BCB单体的乙烯基缩聚形成二聚物(BCB二聚物)。BCB二聚物的化学结构如下所示:
该BCB二聚物还可以进一步被低聚、交联和聚合。因此,本发明的BCB主要底部填充组合物实施方案是二聚物、低聚物以及在骨架中含有如上BCB二聚物结构所示的二甲基硅氧烷/苯并环丁烯杂化结构的聚合物。在根据各个实施方案的底部填料混合物中使用的BCB树脂可以包括BCB二聚物、聚合体骨架比BCB二聚物要长的BCB聚合物、以用的BCB树脂可以包括BCB二聚物、聚合体骨架比BCB二聚物要长的BCB聚合物、以及BCB二聚物和聚合物的衍生物。
根据实施方案,多种添加剂材料被用来形成BCB混合物。官能化的BCB也和其他主要底部填料组合物、添加剂材料和/或颗粒混合来获得具体的物理性质。在上面说明了这样的添加剂材料,所述添加剂材料用来形成与BCB主要物质的混合物。
下面所述的是BCB混合物实施方案,这些BCB混合物根据方法的实施方案进行处理。
实施例7
在实施例7中,参考图1A-1D。倒装芯片112与安装衬底116对齐,并且焊料凸起110根据已知的技术被回流。BCB底部填料混合物122被馈送到倒装芯片112的边缘,BCB底部填料混合物122在毛细作用下流动以填充倒装芯片和安装衬底116之间的空隙。然后,BCB底部填料混合物122通过热处理固化。在这个实施例中,BCB底部填料混合物122包括上面所述的BCB二聚物,该BCB二聚物与占混合物约0.5-5wt%的助熔剂共混。此外,该BCB二聚物是使用流动改性剂制备的,该流动改性剂是表面活性剂,占混合物约0.13.0wt。官能化的BCB还使用占混合物约0.1-2.0wt%的变形剂来制备。
实施例8
在实施例7的第一可替换方式中,如上所述,制备了相同的BCB,并且使用占混合物约0.1-4.0wt%的附着增进剂。
实施例9
在实施例7的第二可替换方式中,制备了相同的BCB二聚物,并且混合物中包括熔融石英和银薄片中的至少一种无机颗粒,所述无机颗粒占混合物约10-80wt%,以组成底部填料复合物。
实施例10
在另一个实施方案(实施例10)中,遵循图2A-2D中所描述的方法进行。制备无溶剂的BCB底部填料混合物222,并将其沉积在安装衬底216上。倒装芯片212和安装衬底216对齐并组合在一起。BCB底部填料混合物222首先由热处理固化,此后凸起210根据已知的技术被回流。在该实施例中,BCB底部填料混合物222中的底部填料混合物与实施例7的相同。此外,BCB二聚物使用流动改性剂制备,该流动改性剂是表面活性剂,占混合物约0.1-3.0wt%。BCB二聚物还使用占混合物约0.1-2.0wt%的变形剂来制备。
实施例11
在实施例10的第一可替换方式中,如上所述制备了同样的BCB二聚物,并且使用了占混合物约0.1-4.0wt%的附着增进剂。
实施例12
在实施例10的第二可替换方式中,制备了相同的BCB,混合物中包括熔融石英和银薄片中的至少一种无机颗粒,所述无机颗粒占混合物约10-80wt%,以组成底部填料复合物。
一旦固化后,BCB底部填料混合物呈现出一定的性能组合,该性能组合使得该材料相对于现有技术的底部填料组合物有所改进。这些性能包括低CTE、高Tg、高模量、低吸湿性、高热变形温度、高延伸率和低体积收缩性。
性能 | 超环氧乙烷 | 苯并环丁烯 |
拉伸强度,KSI | 10.7 | 12.5 |
CTE(PPM/℃) | 33 | 345,<sup>4</sup>55 |
Tg(℃) | >300 | |
延伸率,% | 3.1 | 8.0 |
热变形<sup>1</sup>温度,℃ | 280 | 350 |
吸湿性<sup>2</sup>,% | 0.96 | 0.04 |
压缩强度,KSI | 17.2 | |
模量 |
1264psi纤维应力。2200小时沸水煮。3低于100℃。4高于100℃。
封装组件
图3A是描述封装方法实施方案的处理流程图。还可以参考图1A-1D。在310,将倒装芯片和衬底对齐并组合在一起。在320,将通常附着在倒装芯片上的焊料回流,并将其附着到安装衬底上的结合盘上。焊料在一个实施方案中是无铅焊料,在另一个实施例中是含铅的焊料。在330,本文所述的底部填料混合物或复合物被沉积在安装衬底和倒装芯片上,它至少在毛细作用、正压推动或负压(真空)吸入这几种方式下的一种情况下流动。在340,将底部填料混合物或底部填料组合物固化。在一个实施方案中,固化方法是热处理。在一个实施方案中,固化方法是自催化过程。在一个实施方案中,固化方法是催化过程。
图3B是描述可替换的封装方法实施方案的处理流程图。还可以参考图2A-2D。在350,将无流动底部填料混合物沉积在安装衬底上。可替换地,将无流动底部填料混合物沉积在倒装芯片上。在360,将倒装芯片和衬底对齐并组合在一起。在370,将焊料回流并附着到安装衬底上的结合盘上。焊料在一个实施方案中是无铅焊料,在另一个实施例中是含铅的焊料。在380,将底部填料混合物固化。可替换地,370和380所述的步骤可颠倒进行。在另一种可替换方式中,370和380所述的步骤基本上同时进行。这表明底部填料混合物的固化在加热以回流焊料时开始,但是在焊料回流完成之前,固化还没有完成。在一个实施方案中,固化方法是热处理。在一个实施方案中,固化方法是自催化过程。在一个实施方案中,固化方法是添加剂催化过程。在一个实施方案中,固化是上述固化过程中的至少两种的组合。
在一些实施方案中,底部填料混合物是单相液体。在现有技术的底部填料组合物无法使用的一些半导体封装中,单相液体底部填料混合物是有用的。例如,在凸起节距密集(即,凸起由于它们尺寸小而密集)或芯片和衬底之间的间隙高度小的半导体封装中,已证明现有技术的底部填料组合物使用起来复杂,这是因为基础树脂粘度增加,尤其在凸起节距密集时的流动困难以及它们的不良机械性能。
37C.F.R§1.72(b)要求摘要应当使得读者能够快速确定技术公开的本质和要旨,因此强调摘要是提供来满足37C.F.R§1.72(b)的要求。摘要是基于这样的认识提交的,即它将不会被用于解释或限制权利要求书的范围或含义。
在前面详细的说明书中,各种特征被共同组合在单个的实施方案中以使公开更流畅简洁。这一公开方式不应当解释为其反映了这样的意图:本发明所要求保护的实施方案需要比明确记载于每个权利要求中更多的特征。而是,如下面的权利要求书所表现的,发明的主题比单个公开的实施方案的所有特征要少。因此,下面的权利要求书由此被结合于发明具体实施方式中,每个权利要求单独作为一个独立的优选实施方案。
本领域的普通技术人员将很容易认识到:为了解说本发明的本质,已经描述和图示部件的细节、材料和布置以及方法步骤,对于它们,在不偏离所附权利要求书中记载的本发明的原则和范围的情形下可以进行各种其他的改变。
Claims (27)
1.一种封装系统,包括:
安装衬底上的倒装芯片;
所述倒装芯片和所述安装衬底之间的底部填料混合物,其中所述底部填料混合物包括主要底部填料组合物,所述主要底部填料组合物选自超环氧乙烷、或者超环氧乙烷与苯并环丁烯的组合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的封装系统,其中所述底部填料混合物还包括:
至少一种添加剂材料,所述添加剂材料选自:弹性体、硬化剂/交联剂、催化剂、活性稀释剂、附着增进剂、表面活性剂、变形剂、助熔剂以及增韧剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的封装系统,其中所述底部填料混合物物还包括:
至少一种添加剂材料,所述添加剂材料选自:弹性体、硬化剂/交联剂、催化剂、活性稀释剂、附着增进剂、表面活性剂、变形剂、助熔剂以及增韧剂;并且
其中所述底部填料混合物是单相材料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的封装系统,其中所述底部填料混合物物还包括:
至少一种添加剂材料,所述添加剂材料选自:弹性体、硬化剂/交联剂、催化剂、活性稀释剂、附着增进剂、表面活性剂、变形剂、助熔剂、增韧剂以及无机颗粒。
5.根据权利要求1所述的封装系统,其中所述主要底部填料组合物是环氧乙烷官能化的超环氧乙烷。
6.根据权利要求1所述的封装系统,其中所述主要底部填料组合物是官能化的超环氧乙烷,所述官能化的超环氧乙烷在约5到约200的范围内被官能化。
7.根据权利要求1所述的封装系统,其中所述主要底部填料组合物是官能化的超环氧乙烷,所述官能化的超环氧乙烷在约8到约100的范围内被官能化。
8.根据权利要求1所述的封装系统,其中所述主要底部填料组合物是官能化的超环氧乙烷,所述官能化的超环氧乙烷在约16到约64的范围内被官能化。
9.根据权利要求1所述的封装系统,其中所述主要底部填料组合物是官能化的超环氧乙烷,所述官能化的超环氧乙烷在约5到约200的范围内被官能化,所述封装系统还包括:
至少一种添加剂材料,所述添加剂材料选自:弹性体、硬化剂/交联剂、催化剂、活性稀释剂、附着增进剂、表面活性剂、变形剂、助熔剂、增韧剂以及无机颗粒。
10.根据权利要求1所述的封装系统,其中所述主要底部填料组合物是苯并环丁烯(BCB),所述苯并环丁烯选自BCB单体、BCB低聚物、BCB聚合物以及它们的组合。
11.根据权利要求1所述的封装系统,其中所述主要底部填料组合物是苯并环丁烯(BCB),所述苯并环丁烯选自BCB单体、BCB低聚物、BCB聚合物以及它们的组合,并且,其中所述底部填料混合物包括至少一种性能,所述性能选自约12.5KSI的拉伸强度、低于约60ppm/℃的热膨胀系数以及高于约300℃的玻璃化转变温度。
12.根据权利要求1所述的封装系统,其中所述主要底部填料组合物是苯并环丁烯(BCB),所述苯并环丁烯选自BCB单体、BCB低聚物、BCB聚合物以及它们的组合,并且所述封装系统还包括:
至少一种添加剂材料,所述添加剂材料选自:弹性体、硬化剂/交联剂、催化剂、活性稀释剂、附着增进剂、表面活性剂、变形剂、助熔剂、增韧剂以及无机颗粒。
13.根据权利要求1所述的封装系统,其中所述倒装芯片通过导电凸起耦合到所述安装衬底。
14.根据权利要求1所述的封装系统,其中所述倒装芯片通过导电凸起耦合到所述安装衬底,并且,其中所述导电凸起包括无铅焊料。
15.一种芯片封装,包括:
包括有源表面的芯片;
安装衬底,所述安装衬底包括朝向所述有源表面的上表面;
在所述有源表面和上表面之间的电耦合;以及
在所述上表面和有源表面之间的底部填料混合物,其中所述底部填料混合物包括主要底部填料组合物,所述主要底部填料组合物选自超环氧乙烷、或者超环氧乙烷与苯并环丁烯的组合;以及
其中底部填料混合物包括至少一种性能,所述性能选自约12.5KSI的拉伸强度、低于约60ppm/℃的热膨胀系数以及高于约300℃的玻璃化转变温度。
16.根据权利要求15所述的芯片封装,还包括:
所述底部填料混合物中的无机填料,所述无机填料形成无机物填充的底部填料复合物。
17.根据权利要求15所述的芯片封装,其中所述底部填料混合物是单相混合物。
18.根据权利要求15所述的芯片封装,其中所述底部填料混合物包括官能化的超环氧乙烷,所述芯片封装还包括:
至少一种添加剂,所述添加剂选自:弹性体、硬化剂/交联剂、催化剂、活性稀释剂、附着增进剂、表面活性剂、变形剂、助熔剂、以及增韧剂。
19.根据权利要求15所述的芯片封装,其中所述底部填料混合物包括官能化的苯并环丁烷,所述芯片封装还包括:
至少一种添加剂,所述添加剂选自:弹性体、硬化剂/交联剂、催化剂、活性稀释剂、附着增进剂、表面活性剂、变形剂、助熔剂以及增韧剂。
20.根据权利要求15所述的芯片封装,其中所述底部填料混合物包括官能化的苯并环丁烷,所述芯片封装还包括:
非苯并环丁烷低聚物和非苯并环丁烷聚合物中至少一种。
21.根据权利要求15所述的芯片封装,其中所述电耦合包括无铅焊料。
22.一种方法,包括:
在倒装芯片和安装衬底之间形成底部填料混合物,其中所述底部填料混合物包括主要底部填料组合物,所述主要底部填料组合物选自超环氧乙烷与苯并环丁烯的组合、或者超环氧乙烷。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中所述在倒装芯片和安装衬底之间形成底部填料混合物是通过选自无流动、毛细流动和毛细辅助流动的一种方法进行的。
24.根据权利要求22所述的方法,还包括:
固化所述混合物,所述固化方法选自自催化固化、添加催化剂固化、交联、热固化以及它们的组合。
25.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中所述倒装芯片和安装衬底通过焊料凸起耦合,所述方法还包括:
固化所述混合物,所述固化方法选自自催化固化、添加催化剂固化、交联、热固化以及它们的组合;以及
回流所述焊料凸起。
26.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中所述倒装芯片和安装衬底通过焊料凸起耦合,所述方法还包括:
回流所述焊料凸起。
27.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中所述倒装芯片和安装衬底通过焊料凸起耦合,所述方法还包括:
回流所述焊料凸起,其中所述焊料凸起包括无铅焊料。
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US6132646A (en) * | 1997-07-21 | 2000-10-17 | Miguel Albert Capote | Polmerizable fluxing agents and fluxing adhesive compositions therefrom |
CN1328589A (zh) * | 1998-11-24 | 2001-12-26 | 陶氏化学公司 | 含可交联基质前体和致孔剂的组合物及由此组合物制成的多孔性基质 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2003284902A1 (en) | 2004-05-25 |
US7470564B2 (en) | 2008-12-30 |
KR100877443B1 (ko) | 2009-01-07 |
CN1732226A (zh) | 2006-02-08 |
KR20050056273A (ko) | 2005-06-14 |
WO2004039886A2 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
US20040082107A1 (en) | 2004-04-29 |
WO2004039886A3 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
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