CN100399620C - 地铁车辆用阀控式铅酸蓄电池 - Google Patents

地铁车辆用阀控式铅酸蓄电池 Download PDF

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CN100399620C
CN100399620C CNB2005100320763A CN200510032076A CN100399620C CN 100399620 C CN100399620 C CN 100399620C CN B2005100320763 A CNB2005100320763 A CN B2005100320763A CN 200510032076 A CN200510032076 A CN 200510032076A CN 100399620 C CN100399620 C CN 100399620C
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宋永江
黎福根
朱日华
樊嘉峰
王如松
吕劲松
彭建辉
陈刚
刘国辉
熊代林
陈臻
黎立华
邱伟明
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Hu'nan Fengri Power and Electric Co., Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种地铁车辆用阀控式铅酸蓄电池,由电池槽、电池盖、正极板、负极板、玻璃纤维隔板、胶体电解质、安全防爆阀、端子和汇流排组成,所述的正、负极板以玻璃纤维隔板隔开,依次叠加后加压置于电池槽中,正、负极板的极耳部份由汇流排与端子连接,槽盖间密封采用热封方式进行粘合,端子与电池盖之间设有耐酸耐老化的硅氟橡胶圈,用塑料螺母固定,再用环氧树脂胶封,电池壳内灌注胶体电解质,排气阀安装在电池盖上的排气阀座上。本发明体积小、容量高,又克服了碱性镍镉电池的价格高、维护工作量大、易漏液、使用时容易出现电池底部烧结的缺点,适应于地铁车辆的使用。

Description

地铁车辆用阀控式铅酸蓄电池
技术领域
本发明涉及一种阀控式铅酸蓄电池,特别是一种地铁车辆用阀控式铅酸蓄电池。
背景技术
地铁机车车辆用蓄电池以前均采用碱性的镍镉蓄电池,需从国外进口,成本高、价格昂贵,采购周期长,采购成本高,运行成本也高。目前其价格比阀控式铅酸电池高出1.5倍,且碱性电池因漏液而需要定期补加电解液并调整电解液比重,然后进行电解液均匀性充电,所用的维护用材料和能源费很高。而酸性电池不需要加电解液,也不需要调整电解液比重。碱性电池因漏液引起短路,常发生底部烧焦和鼓胀现象而引起电池报废,这样需要经常更换部分电池或整组电池,造成直接经济损失和间接经济损失较大,尤其是造成地铁安全运营上的信誉损失是无法估量的。
而以往的阀控式铅酸蓄电池比能量低,其体积较大,难以安装在窄小的空间,并且热失控现象严重,使用寿命短,不能应用于地铁中。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种维护工作量少、体积小、寿命长的地铁车辆用阀控式铅酸蓄电池,以克服现有碱性镍镉蓄电池成本高、价格昂贵、运行成本高的缺点。
本发明的目的是通过下述方式实现的:由电池槽、电池盖、正极板、负极板、玻璃纤维隔板、胶体电解质、安全防爆阀、端子和汇流排组成,所述的正、负极板以玻璃纤维隔板隔开,依次叠加后加压置于电池槽中,正、负极板的极耳部份由汇流排与端子连接,槽盖间密封采用热封方式进行粘合,端子与电池盖之间设有耐酸耐老化的硅氟橡胶圈,用塑料螺母固定,再用环氧树脂胶封,电池壳内灌注胶体电解质,安全防爆阀安装在电池盖上的安全阀座上。
本发明的优点:
1)电池槽盖之间的密封由以前的胶封改为热封,使电池的槽与盖之间熔融后形成一个整体,不会因碰撞或温度变化而使胶层发碎。端子与电池盖之间采用双重密封,第一道用塑料螺母,紧压耐酸耐老化的硅氟橡胶圈,第二道用环氧树脂胶封,有效防止电池的漏液、爬酸等问题。
2)极板活性物质中添加导电碳纤维、乙炔黑,增加电导性能、提高利用率,并增加活性物质之间的结合强度,另外负极活性物质添加硫酸钡、木素磺酸钠,以改善和提高电池的充放电性能、充电接受能力及低温性能。
3)板栅合金内添加了银,使耐腐蚀性能和导电性能显著提高,并降低板栅与活性物质之间的接触电阻,这样可设计成薄型板栅,板栅结构设计为竖筋条为主横筋条为辅,降低蓄电池内阻,采用本合金配方,电池正板板厚度由3.7mm减小为2.7mm,电池负板板厚度由2.9mm减小为2.0mm,使蓄电池的重量和体积降低了10%左右。
4)蓄电池壳体内、极群四周及上端充满胶体电解质,使蓄电池的载液量可以提高10%以上,蓄电池热容量增大,而且避免了“孤岛”的产生,充放电过程中产生的热量可以通过壳壁散发出去,因此充放电时温升很小,热失控现象基本得到控制、在高温下有较长寿命。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2为图1中I部分的放大图。
图3为本发明的俯视图。
图4为本发明的极板结构示意图。
图1-4中各部分的名称如下:1-安全防爆阀,2-电池盖,3-汇流排,4-胶体电解质,5-电池槽,6-正负极板,7-玻璃纤维隔板,8-端子胶,9-塑料螺母,10-塑料垫片,11-密封圈,12-电池引出端子,13-防尘盖,14-安全阀座,15-极耳,16-活性物质,17-板栅,a-电池长,b-电池宽,c-电池高,d-电池总高。
具体的实施方式
参见图1-4,本发明由电池槽5、电池盖2、正负极板6、玻璃纤维隔板7、胶体电解质4、安全防爆阀1、电池引出端子12和汇流排3等组成,所述的正负极板6以玻璃纤维隔板7隔开,依次叠加后加压置于电池槽5中,极板6的极耳15部份由汇流排3与电池引出端子12连接,槽盖全部选用阻燃的ABS工程塑料,槽盖间密封采用热封方式进行粘合,电池引出端子12与电池盖2之间采用双重密封方法:即底层用塑料螺母9,通过塑料垫片10紧压耐酸耐老化的硅氟橡胶密封圈11,上层用环氧树脂端子胶8进行胶封。电池槽内灌注胶体电解质4,安全防爆阀1安装在电池盖上的安全阀座14上。
本发明的正、负极板由活性物质和板栅组成,正极板铅膏含0.2~0.5%碳纤维、0.1~0.4%有机短纤维、0.1~0.5%乙炔黑,余量为铅粉,再用1.40g/cm3的硫酸6.4L/100kg、11~16L/100kg的纯水和制而成;负极板铅膏含0.2~0.8%碳纤维、0.2~0.8%乙炔黑、0.3~0.6%硫酸钡、0.3~0.8%木素磺酸钠,余量为铅粉,再用1.40g/cm3的硫酸6.0L/100kg、9~12L/100kg的纯水和制而成。铅膏涂敷在板栅上,通过固化、干燥、化成等工序,制成熟极板,并分别得到正、负极活性物质。
上述的电池正极板铅膏含量可改进为:0.3%碳纤维、0.2%有机短纤维、0.2%乙炔黑,余量为铅粉,再用1.40g/cm3的硫酸6.4L/100kg、11~16L/100kg的纯水和制而成;负极板铅膏含量可改进为:0.5%碳纤维、0.5%乙炔黑、0.56%硫酸钡、0.6%木素磺酸钠,余量为铅粉,再用1.40g/cm3的硫酸6.0L/100kg、9~12L/100kg的纯水和制而成。
本发明的正极板栅合金含0.04~0.07%钙、0.015~0.03%铝、0.5~2.0%锡、0.06~0.15%银,余量为铅;负极板栅合金含0.08~0.12%钙、0.015~0.03%铝、0.1~0.3%锡,余量为铅。
上述的正极板栅合金含量可改进为:0.05%钙、0.02%铝、1.0%锡、0.1%银,余量为铅;负极板栅合金含量可改进为:0.10%钙、0.02%铝、0.2%锡,余量为铅。
本发明中的胶体电解质含2~8%的气相二氧化硅、0.5~2.0%的磷酸、0.6~1.2%的硫酸钠,其余为1.28g/cm3的稀硫酸,混合后,在高剪切乳化分散机乳化而成。
活性物质中添加导电碳纤维、乙炔黑,增加电导性能、提高利用率,并增加活性物质之间的结合强度,另外负极活性物质添加硫酸钡、木素磺酸钠,以改善和提高电池的充放电性能、充电接受能力及低温性能。活性物质由铅膏转变而成,铅膏和制后通过固化、干燥、化成等工序,制成熟极板,并分别得到正、负极活性物质。
本发明中板栅以铅钙多元合金浇涛而成,合金内添加了银,使耐腐蚀性能和导电性能显著提高,并降低板栅与活性物质之间的接触电阻,这样可设计成薄型板栅,板栅结构设计为竖筋条为主横筋条为辅,降低蓄电池内阻,将其厚度由正:3.7mm、负:2.7mm减小为正:2.9mm、负:2.0mm,使蓄电池的重量和体积降低了10%左右;
胶体电解质由气相二氧化硅、磷酸、硫酸钠和稀硫酸混和后,在高剪切乳化分散机乳化而成,然后通过真空灌胶机灌注到蓄电池内部,刚好将汇流排淹没,而后逐渐凝结为凝胶,并产生微小裂缝,充电时正极产生的氧气可通过裂缝扩散到负极而复合,减少了水的损失。凝胶中的水被凝胶颗粒包裹在其中,水分的散失速度慢,蓄电池壳体内、极群四周及上端都可以填充胶体电解质,使蓄电池的载液量可以提高10%以上,蓄电池热容量增大,而且避免了“孤岛”的产生,充放电过程中产生的热量可以通过壳壁散发出去,因此充放电时温升很小,热失控现象基本得到控制、在高温下有较长寿命;
采用上述结构和配方做成电池的容量与外形尺寸、重量的对应关系如下表:
Figure C20051003207600081

Claims (9)

1.一种地铁车辆用阀控式铅酸蓄电池,由电池槽、电池盖、正极板、负极板、玻璃纤维隔板、胶体电解质、排气阀、端子和汇流排组成,所述的正、负极板以玻璃纤维隔板隔开,依次叠加后加压置于电池槽中,正、负极板的极耳部份由汇流排与端子连接,其特征在于:槽盖间密封采用热封方式进行粘合,端子与电池盖之间设有耐酸耐老化的硅氟橡胶圈,用螺栓固定,再用环氧树脂胶封,电池壳内灌注胶体电解质,排气阀安装在电池盖上的排气阀座上。
2.根据权利要求书1所述的地铁车辆用阀控式铅酸蓄电池,其特征在于:正极板、负极板由活性物质和板栅组成,活性物质由铅膏转变而成,正极板铅膏含0.2~0.5%碳纤维、0.1~0.4%有机短纤维、0.1~0.5%乙炔黑,余量为铅粉,再用1.40g/cm3的硫酸6.4L/100kg、11~16L/100kg的纯水和制;负极板铅膏含0.2~0.8%碳纤维、0.2~0.8%乙炔黑、0.3~0.6%硫酸钡、0.3~0.8%木素磺酸钠,余量为铅粉,再用1.40g/cm3的硫酸6.0L/100kg、9~12L/100kg的纯水和制。
3.根据权利要求书2所述的地铁车辆用阀控式铅酸蓄电池,其特征在于:正极板栅合金含0.04~0.07%钙、0.015~0.03%铝、0.5~2.0%锡、0.06~0.15%银,余量为铅;负极板栅合金含0.08~0.12%钙、0.015~0.03%铝、0.1~0.3%锡,余量为铅。
4.根据权利要求书2所述的地铁车辆用阀控式铅酸蓄电池,其特征在于:正极板铅膏含0.3%碳纤维、0.2%有机短纤维、0.2%乙炔黑,余量为铅粉,以1.40g/cm3的硫酸6.4L/100kg、11~16L/100kg的纯水和制;负极板铅膏含0.5%碳纤维、0.5%乙炔黑、0.56%硫酸钡、0.6%木素磺酸钠,余量为铅粉,以1.40g/cm3的硫酸6.0L/100kg、9~12L/100kg的纯水和制。
5.根据权利要求书2所述的地铁车辆用阀控式铅酸蓄电池,其特征在于:正极板栅合金含0.05%钙、0.02%铝、0.1%锡、0.1%银,余量为铅;负极板栅合金含0.10%钙、0.02%铝、0.2%锡,余量为铅。
6.根据权利要求书1所述的地铁车辆用阀控式铅酸蓄电池,其特征在于:电池的容量为100Ah时,其电池的长、宽、高、总高分别为172mm、68mm、302mm、313mm,电池重量为8kg左右。
7.根据权利要求书1所述的地铁车辆用阀控式铅酸蓄电池,其特征在于:电池的容量为120Ah时,其电池的长、宽、高、总高分别为172mm、80mm、302mm、313mm,电池重量为9.6kg左右。
8.根据权利要求书1所述的地铁车辆用阀控式铅酸蓄电池,其特征在于:电池的容量为140Ah时,其电池的长、宽、高、总高分别为172mm、90mm、302mm、313mm,电池重量为11kg左右。
9.根据权利要求书1所述的地铁车辆用阀控式铅酸蓄电池,其特征在于:电池的容量为160Ah时,其电池的长、宽、高、总高分别为172mm、102mm、302mm、313mm,电池重量为13kg左右。
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CN105070920A (zh) * 2015-09-22 2015-11-18 广州丰江实业有限公司 一种耐高低温长寿命铅酸蓄电池
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CN106450053A (zh) * 2016-11-18 2017-02-22 山东圣阳电源股份有限公司 一种狭长型蓄电池及其装配工艺
CN110190204A (zh) * 2019-05-15 2019-08-30 佛山赛能新能源有限公司 一种耐高温阀控式铅酸蓄电池及其正极板的制作方法
CN110976818A (zh) * 2019-12-23 2020-04-10 天能电池(芜湖)有限公司 一种12ah浇铸十二连片板栅及生产工艺
CN112151885B (zh) * 2020-08-21 2023-12-22 安徽理士电源技术有限公司 一种长寿命硅基双极性铅蓄电池的组装方法
CN112038712A (zh) * 2020-09-11 2020-12-04 重庆神驰电池有限责任公司 一种高效纳米胶体蓄电池

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