CN100383484C - 用于低温蒸馏装置的冷外壳 - Google Patents

用于低温蒸馏装置的冷外壳 Download PDF

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CN100383484C
CN100383484C CNB988123274A CN98812327A CN100383484C CN 100383484 C CN100383484 C CN 100383484C CN B988123274 A CNB988123274 A CN B988123274A CN 98812327 A CN98812327 A CN 98812327A CN 100383484 C CN100383484 C CN 100383484C
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cryogenic distillation
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CN1282411A (zh
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罗杰·范考文贝格
让-皮埃尔·古尔比耶
洛朗·巴朗热
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04872—Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04872—Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.
    • F25J3/04878—Side by side arrangement of multiple vessels in a main column system, wherein the vessels are normally mounted one upon the other or forming different sections of the same column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/0489—Modularity and arrangement of parts of the air fractionation unit, in particular of the cold box, e.g. pre-fabrication, assembling and erection, dimensions, horizontal layout "plot"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04945—Details of internal structure; insulation and housing of the cold box
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04975—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the air fractionation unit, e.g. transportable devices by truck or small scale use
    • F25J3/04987—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the air fractionation unit, e.g. transportable devices by truck or small scale use for offshore use

Abstract

包括至少一个低温蒸馏塔(4)和至少一个热交换器(5)的低温蒸馏器(4至8)，置于一个双层壳的罩(2)内，两壁之间有一种固体绝缘材料(17，18)。应用于装在海上石油平台或船上的空气蒸馏装置。

Description

用于低温蒸馏装置的冷外壳
技术领域
[01]本发明涉及一种特别用于空气蒸馏的低温蒸馏装置，这种装置包括一个具有至少一个低温蒸馏塔和至少一个热交换器的蒸馏器，且包括该蒸馏器的热绝缘装置。它用于例如装在海上石油平台或船上的制氧装置上。
背景技术
[02]文献US-A-4038060介绍了一种放射性气体的低温蒸馏器，它通过在蒸馏器的四周环绕填满珍珠岩的双层壁，并且在内壳内使用吸附剂以在事故情况下吸收放射气体，来防止危险的泄漏。
[03]在传统技术中，低温蒸馏塔及低温运行的全部相关设备(热交换器、低温泵、低温阀、连接管等)都置于一个一般呈平行六面体形状的“冷壳”内，壳内填满诸如膨胀珍珠岩的散装绝缘材料。该绝缘材料对每一个构成部分的外部温度以及具有不同温度的其它组成部分的温度进行热保护。这种材料同时具有热传递系数小(＜0.05W/m℃)和压力损失高的绝缘质量，这在有对流现象的情况下是有利的。
[04]但从安全角度来看，该技术有一个缺点。事实上，在例如由管道意外断裂造成的低温气体或液体严重泄漏的情况下，珍珠岩巨大的压力损失阻止该流体向大气排出。从而使冷壳的外壳和支撑冷壳的结构的温度突然下降，这可导致脆化断裂和由低温流体引起的环境侵入，这对人员是危险的。
[05]海上石油平台产生废气。出于经济和环境原因，回收这些气体变得越来越有必要。大量耗氧的Fischer-Tropsch方法，将其转换成便于运输的液态重烃。
[06]因此，能否将空气蒸馏塔装在平台上或船上引起人们的关注。但以上阐述的安全问题必须解决，因为蒸馏装置被固定在金属结构上，而且，人员也无法很快从该装置周围撤出。
发明内容
[07]因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种具有低温流体漏泄有效保护的低温蒸馏装置。
[08]为此，本发明的主题是一种低温蒸馏装置，它包括一个具有至少一个低温蒸馏塔和至少一个热交换器的蒸馏器，且包括该蒸馏器的热绝缘装置，所述蒸馏器被放置在用作所述热绝缘装置的一双层壳的罩内，该双层壳的罩的两壳壁之间装有固体绝缘材料，其特征在于，内壳的内部空间没有任何散装的固体绝缘材料。
[09]根据本发明的低温蒸馏装置可具有以下一个或几个特征：
[10]-罩的内壳至少在其下部由抗冲击金属，特别是不锈钢或铝构成；
[11]-蒸馏器四周和顶部的壳壁间的固体绝缘材料是一种散装绝缘材料，特别是膨胀珍珠岩；
[12]-一种能支撑罩的内壳的固体绝缘材料被置于两层壳的底部之间；
[13]-蒸馏塔和热交换器由支腿支撑，支腿通过密封垫穿过内壳底部，并支撑在外壳的底部上；
[14]-设置至少一个抵达蒸馏器辅助设备如泵或阀门的上下竖井，所述竖井穿过双层壳并用可卸的盖子盖上；
[15]-在所述罩内部的热交换器增加有一层绝缘，其中所述的热交换器的运行温度不同于所述蒸馏塔的运行温度；
[16]-内壳装有一个内部压力限压阀；
[17]-罩上有一个将干性气体、特别是惰性气体引入内壳和/或壁之间的导入装置；
[18]-罩被固定在诸如石油平台或船的海上结构上；
[19]-罩被固定在一个底座上，底座本身通过桩基固定在所述结构的基础上。
附图说明
[20]下面将参照附图描述本发明的一个实施例，图中：
[21]-图1以垂直剖面方式示出了本发明的蒸馏装置；
[22]-图2为沿图1中II-II线的剖视图。
具体实施方式
[23]图1和图2所示的空气蒸馏装置1主要包括一个双层壁的罩2，在罩的内部空间3中分布着双空气蒸馏塔4、热交换器5、连接管6以及低温附件，如低温泵7、低温阀8等。
[24]如同现有技术，塔4由两个分别为中压和低压的蒸馏塔构成。如图2所示，这两个塔4A和4B并排安置，但是为了使图更清楚，图1中它们被放到正中。此外，蒸馏装置理所当然地包括全套常用的附件和设备。
[25]罩2为双层壳。内壳9包括平底10、圆柱侧壁11和圆顶12，并采用不锈钢。外壳13包括平底14、圆柱侧壁15和圆顶16，并且采用碳钢。但底部14也可用不锈钢。
[26]第一种固体绝缘材料17，由一种诸如泡沫玻璃的绝缘材料块构成，在底10和底14之间布满整个底10的面。第二种固体绝缘材料18，由散装的膨胀珍珠岩构成，布满罩的剩余的壁间隙，在空间3内的装置1的组成部分的四周及上方，而空间3没有任何固体绝缘材料。
[27]置于空间3内的组成部分由支腿19支撑，支腿通过密封垫穿过底10，并支在底14上。这样，绝缘材料17就支撑着内壳9，而位于罩2内的装置的各组成部分的重量则由底14以及安放该底14的例如用钢架构成的底座20来支撑。该底座20本身通过两者之间留出一个空气间隙23的两根基桩22，固定在支撑结构21上，诸如石油平台或船的金属桥。
[28]用可卸开的盖25盖住的供人上下的竖井24，穿过罩2的双层顶12、16，并通向需要维修的组成部分，如泵7和阀门8。
[29]以不同于塔4的温度运行的每一个组成部分，都通过包上玻璃纤维或类似材料的形式增加一层绝缘26。特别是热交换器5、与交换器热端头相连的管子6以及竖井24，从而使对流现象最小化。
[30]环境温度的干性气态氮导管27带有一个调节阀28，可使空间3和罩的壁之间保持轻微的过压。这一方面可使所述区域产生惰性，并且另一方面避免在所述区域出现使其减压的冷凝现象。
[31]为避免一切过度过压的危险，顶12和16各有一个限压阀29。值得提出的是，圆柱和圆顶形状有利于保持过压。
[32]在低温流体严重漏泄的情况下，该流体可有效地被不锈钢内壳9容纳，内壳采用抗冲击金属，而由液体可能的蒸发产生的气体通过顶12的阀29排出。
[33]另外，寒气实际上不会传递至外壳，而且更不会传递至底座20及其下面的金属结构21。由此避免了由脆化造成的元件断裂的危险。
[34]值得注意的是，由于有了竖井24，可以接触到构件7和8，而不用每次维护时都取出珍珠岩18。

Claims (17)

1.低温蒸馏装置，它包括一个具有至少一个低温蒸馏塔(4)和至少一个热交换器(5)的蒸馏器，且包括该蒸馏器的热绝缘装置(2)，所述蒸馏器被放置在用作所述热绝缘装置的一双层壳的罩(2)内，该双层壳的罩(2)的两壳壁之间装有固体绝缘材料，其特征在于，内壳(9)的内部空间(3)没有任何散装的固体绝缘材料。
2.根据权利要求1的低温蒸馏装置，其特征在于，罩(2)的内壳(9)至少在其下部由抗冲击金属构成。
3.根据权利要求1或2的低温蒸馏装置，其特征在于，位于蒸馏器四周和上方、在壳(9，13)的壁之间的固体绝缘材料(18)是一种散装绝缘材料。
4.根据权利要求1的低温蒸馏装置，其特征在于，支撑着所述罩(2)的内壳(9)的固体绝缘材料(17)放在两层壳(9，13)的底(10，14)之间。
5.根据权利要求4的低温蒸馏装置，其特征在于，蒸馏塔(4)和热交换器(5)由支腿(19)支撑，所述支腿通过密封垫穿过内壳(9)的底(10)，并且支在外壳(13)的底(14)上。
6.根据权利要求1的低温蒸馏装置，其特征在于，设置有至少一个竖井(24)，所述竖井用于抵达所述蒸馏器的辅助设备(7，8)，所述竖井穿过双层壳(9，13)，并且用一可卸下的盖(25)盖上。
7.根据权利要求1的低温蒸馏装置，其特征在于，在所述罩(2)内部的热交换器(5)增加有一层绝缘(26)，其中所述的热交换器的运行温度不同于所述蒸馏塔(4)的运行温度。
8.根据权利要求1的低温蒸馏装置，其特征在于，内壳(9)装有一个内部压力限压阀(29)。
9.根据权利要求1的低温蒸馏装置，其特征在于，所述罩(2)配设有将干性气体导入所述内壳(9)和/或两壁之间的装置(27，28)。
10.根据权利要求1的低温蒸馏装置，其特征在于，罩(2)被固定在一海上结构上。
11.根据权利要求10的低温蒸馏装置，其特征在于，罩(2)固定在底座(20)上，底座本身通过桩基(22)固定在所述结构的基础(21)上。
12.根据权利要求1的低温蒸馏装置，其特征在于，所述低温蒸馏装置用于空气蒸馏。
13.根据权利要求2的低温蒸馏装置，其特征在于，所述抗冲击金属为不锈钢或铝。
14.根据权利要求3的低温蒸馏装置，其特征在于，所述散装绝缘材料是膨胀珍珠岩。
15.根据权利要求6的低温蒸馏装置，其特征在于，所述蒸馏器的辅助设备(7，8)为泵或阀。
16.根据权利要求9的低温蒸馏装置，其特征在于，所述干性气体为惰性气体。
17.根据权利要求10的低温蒸馏装置，其特征在于，所述海上结构为一石油平台或一船。
CNB988123274A 1997-11-17 1998-11-09 用于低温蒸馏装置的冷外壳 Expired - Fee Related CN100383484C (zh)

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FR9714378A FR2771160B1 (fr) 1997-11-17 1997-11-17 Unite de distillation cryogenique
FR97/14378 1997-11-17

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AR (1) AR018520A1 (zh)
AU (1) AU749531B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR9812787A (zh)
CA (1) CA2312022A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE69811269T2 (zh)
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CN107388727A (zh) * 2017-06-30 2017-11-24 神华集团有限责任公司 空分冷箱

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TW423980B (en) 2001-03-01
CN1282411A (zh) 2001-01-31
EP1034409B1 (fr) 2003-02-05
AU1161099A (en) 1999-06-07
NO20002532L (no) 2000-06-27
CA2312022A1 (fr) 1999-05-27
NO20002532D0 (no) 2000-05-16
FR2771160B1 (fr) 2000-01-28
AU749531B2 (en) 2002-06-27
ID26856A (id) 2001-02-15
WO1999026033A1 (fr) 1999-05-27
FR2771160A1 (fr) 1999-05-21
EP1034409A1 (fr) 2000-09-13
JP2001525528A (ja) 2001-12-11
US6378331B1 (en) 2002-04-30
AR018520A1 (es) 2001-11-28
BR9812787A (pt) 2000-10-17
DE69811269D1 (de) 2003-03-13
DE69811269T2 (de) 2003-11-06

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